SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY

(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)

Course & Branch :B.Tech - P-CHEM Max. Marks :80
Title of the Paper :Process Equipment Design & Drawing
Sub. Code :619PT304 Time : 3 Hours
Date :08/05/2010 Session :FN
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PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

Answer ALL the Questions
1. Define design temperature.
2. What is the optimum diameter to height ratio for large storage
vessel?
3. What are the limitations of the following heat transfer coefficient
equation for forced convection Nu=0.023 Re sPrn?
4. What is dephlegmator?
5. Define relative volatility
6. Define weeping in column.
7. What is the relation between HETP and HTU?
8. What is broken solid packing? Give some example.
9. Name two types of resistance offered in filtration.
10. Define hydro clones.
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer All the Questions
11. Write the important mechanical properties of a material
commonly used in the construction of process equipments.
(or)
12. Determine the standard plate thickness of a pressure vessel
cylindrical wall made of Grade of 2B quality steel of IS code
which have allowable stress of 120 N/mm 2 at working
 temperature with joint efficiency of 0.85 and working internal
pressure of 0.476 N/mm2. If diameter is 1250 mm and length 250
mm, what maximum internal pressure a spherical vessel can take
safety, if it is made of the same material and diameter.

13. Two Liquids are following in a double pipe heat exchanger both
at the rate of 1770 kg/hr. The inner pipe of the heat exchanger has
inner diameter of 2.5 cm and wall thickness of 0.125 cm. The
inner pipe is made up of copper having thermal conductivity (K =
328 kcal/hr m C). The outer pipe of heat exchanger has an
internal diameter of 5.0 cm. For simplicity assume that both
liquids have physical properties comparable with that water. The
liquid in the inner tube is being cooled from 70C to 55 C at the
expense of the liquid flowing in the outer tube which is entering
at 20 C. Calculate the length of the heat exchanger required, if
the liquids are flowing in a counter-current manner. Physical
properties of water:
Viscosity at 62.5 C = 0.452cp
Viscosity at 27.5 C = 0.840cp
Thermal conductivity
At 62.5 C = 0.57 kcal/hr m C
At 27.5 C = 0.528 kcal/hr m C
(or)
14. It is desired to concentrate 5000 kg/hr of a solution of sodium
hydroxide from 10% to 25% solids in a single effect evaporator.
Steam is available at 110 C and the vapor space is maintained at
410 mm of Hg (mercury). The boiling point of water
corresponding to the vapor space pressure is 84 C. The solution
has a boiling point elevation of 10 C. The enthalpies of the feed
and thick liquor are 90 and 80 kcal/kg respectively and the
enthalpy of the vapor is 650 kcal/kg. The feed enters at its boiling
point corresponding to the vapor space pressure s=534 kcal/kg
(a) Calculate the steam consumption per hour. (b) If the available
heat transfer area is 35 m2, estimate the heat transfer coefficient.
15. A continuous fractionating column is to be designed to separate
13620 kg/hr of a mixture of 40% benzene and 60% toluene into
an overhead product containing 97% benzene and a bottom
product containing 98% toluene. These percentages are by
weight. A reflux ratio of 3.5 moles to 1 mole of product is to be
used. The molal latent heat of both benzene and toluene is 7675
cal/gm mole. Calculate the moles of over head and bottom
product per hour and also determine the number of ideal plates
and the position of the feed plate if the feed is liquid at its boiling
point. Molecular Weight of benzene = 78 and of toluene = 92
Equilibrium data:
Concentration mole fraction benzene
Liquid (Xe) 0.78 0.581 0.411 0.258 0.130 0.017
Vapor(Ye) 0.90 0.777 0.632 0.456 0.261 0.039
(or)
16. A bubble cap fractionating column of 12 plates working at an
average efficiency of 75% is being used to distill. 1000 kg/hr of
aqueous methanol at its bubble point enters the tower. The feed,
overhead product and bottom product are 50 mole %, 90 mole %
and 10 mole % methanol (1) respectively. A total condenser is
provided. The reflux is sent at its saturation temperature. If the
reflux ratio is 1.7 times the minimum check whether the column
available is satisfactory. The VLE data are:
X1 8 10 20 30 40 50 70 80 95
Y1 36.5 41.8 57.9 66.5 72.9 77.8 87.0 95.8 97.9
17. An air-ammonia mixture containing 5% ammonia enters a packed
tower at the rate of 500 kg moles/hr. It is desired to recover 95%
ammonia. Using a liquid flow rate of 1.5 times the minimum.
Estimate the height of packing needed for this operation. Height
of transfer unit is 0.25 m. Equilibrium relationship is y=1.08x,
where x, y are mole fractions of ammonia in the liquid and
vapour phase respectively, fresh solvent enters the absorber.
(or)
18. An ammonia air mixture containing 2% by volume ammonia is to
be scrubbed with H2O at 20C in a tower packed with 1.27 cm
Raschig rings. The H2O and gas rates are 1170 Kg/hr m 2 each,
based on empty tower cross section. Estimate the height of the
tower required if 98% of the ammonia in the entering gas is to be
absorbed. The tower operates at 1 atm pressure. The equilibrium
relationship is given by the following operation.
Ye =0.746x
Where ye = mole fraction of ammonia in air
X = mole fraction of ammonia in solution
with H2O
The height of transfer unit may be taken as
equal to 2 meter.
19. A constant pressure Filtration test gave data that can fit an
expression, dt/dV = 9.3 V + 8.5; (t in seconds, V in liters). If the
resistance of the Filter medium is assumed unaffected with
pressure drop and the compressibility coefficient of the filter cake
is = 0.3, what will be the time taken for the collection of 3.5 liters
of filtrate at a filtration pressure twice that used in the test?
(or)
20. Fly ash from the flue gas of a power plant has to be removed
before the gas is sent to an analyzer. Design a cyclone separator
for cleaning the flue gas containing fly ash with the following
size distribution
Size (microns) <5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >50
Weight % 15 19 24 14 8 5 15
It is desired to remove particles greater than 10 microns with
99% efficiency and particles greater than 5 microns with 90%
efficiency. The cooled flue gas is at 30 deg C and 1 atm pressure
and has 15% CO2, 5% O2, 68%N2 and the rest H2O. The flow rate
of the gas is 0.01 m3/s.