LA CHN S TREO DY CHNG ST CHO

NG DY TRUYN TI IN
CHOICES OF THE DIAGRAM FOR INSTALLING THUNDER-RESISTANT
ELECTRIC WIRES

NG VN DNG
i hc Nng
L VN NGHIP
Cng ty in lc 3

TM TT
St nh l mt trong nhng yu t ch yu gy s c trn ng dy v lm ngng cung
cp in gy thit hi kinh t cho h tiu th. Bi bo trnh by phng php tnh ton v xy
dng chng trnh tnh ton la chn phng n treo dy chng st cho ng dy truyn
ti in nhm nng cao hiu qu kinh t.
ABSTRACT
Thunder is one of the major causes leading to electric wire incidents and thus, to complete
blackout and economic damage for consuming households. This article presents calculation
methods and designs calculation choices of the diagram for installing thunder-resistant electric
wires to improve economic efficiency.

1 t vn
Cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc cng ngh ngy cng cao, in nng ngy cng
ng vai tr quan trng trong tt c cc ngnh kinh t, s pht trin ca nhu cu tiu th in
nng nh gi s pht trin ca x hi v s nng cao i sng ca mt khu vc, mt quc
gia. Do , h thng in cng ngy cng pht trin c v qui m ln cng ngh. Ngy nay
hnh thnh nhiu h thng in ln trong phm vi quc gia hoc lin quc gia, xut hin nhiu
ng dy truyn ti in p cao v siu cao lm nhim v lin lc v truyn ti cng sut.
tin cy lm vic ca cc ng dy truyn ti l mt ch tiu quan trng trong bi ton kinh t
- k thut khi thit k v vn hnh h thng in, bi v mi s c trn ng dy u gy nh
hng n kh nng cung cp in ca h thng c th dn n ngng cung cp in cho mt
s ph ti hoc c mt khu vc rng ln, tc ng xu n s pht trin ca nn kinh t v i
sng x hi. Ngy nay vic sn xut, truyn ti v phn phi in nng chuyn sang hot ng
theo c ch th trng, mi thit hi do mt in gy ra ngnh in phi bi thng, vn
tin cy cung cp in cng c c bit quan tm. St nh vo ng dy l mt trong
nhng yu t ch yu gy s c v ngng cung
cp in ca ng dy. St nh l hin tng
ngu nhin ph thuc vo nhiu yu t khc nhau,
cho nn vic thc hin bo v chng st cho cc
cng trnh ni chung, ng dy ti in ni
ring ch c th hn ch s c n mt mc hp
l ch khng th loi tr hon ton s c.
Trong nhng nm qua, h thng in Vit
Nam pht trin nhanh vi cc ng dy truyn
ti 110kV, 220kV v 500kV lin kt cc khu
vc nhm p ng nhu cu tng nhanh ca ph
ti. i vi cc ng dy 220kV v 500kV u c treo dy chng st, ring i vi ng
dy 110kV mch kp (2 ng dy b tr trn cng mt ct) ang tn ti 2 dng s treo
dy chng st, l:
- Dng 1: ng dy mch kp b tr mt dy chng st.
- Dng 2: ng dy mch kp b tr hai dy chng st.
Tuy nhin, trong tnh ton thit k vic la chn phng n mt dy chng st hoc
hai dy chng st cn mang tnh ch quan m cha xem xt so snh cc tiu ch v tin cy
cung cp in v chi ph u t cng trnh. Do , cn c phng php tnh ton mt cch
hp l c c s khoa hc cht ch, c xt y cc yu t kinh t k thut. Bi bo trnh by
vic nghin cu xy dng chng trnh tnh ton la chn phng n treo dy chng st cho
ng dy truyn ti, nhm m bo tin cy cung cp in v hiu qu u t da trn c
s cc thng tin u vo nh: mt st, mc quan trng ca ph ti, chi ph bo dng
thit b v tng chiu di ng dy.

2 C s tnh ton
2.1 Tnh ton sut ct ng dy
Sut ct in do st nh l s ln s c mt in ng dy do st gy nn trn on
ng dy di 100km trong mt nm. Hin nay, c 2 phng php tnh ton sut ct in
c s dng ph bin trn th gii, phng php do GS. TS. D.V. Rezevik xut v
phng php do Ty u xut, ti s dng phng php ca GS. TS. D.V. Rezevik [2]
[5].
a. S ln ct in do st nh vng vo dy dn nv:
i vi cc ng dy c treo dy chng st vn xy ra hin tng st nh vng qua
dy chng st vo dy dn, trong s c mt s ln st nh vng gy ra ct in ng dy
vi xc sut nv c tnh nh sau[2]:
n v N .V pd
v
. .V [ln/100km.nm] (1)
trong :
- N: S ln st nh vo 100km ng dy trong mt nm.
i vi ng dy 1 dy chng st: N = (0,6-0,9) hdd.n.m
i vi ng dy 2 dy chng st: N = [(0,6-0,9) hdd + 0,1Dcs].n.m
vi:
Dcs[m]: khong cch gia 2 dy chng st
hdd[m]: cao treo dy dn
m[ln/km2.ngy st]: mt st trung bnh trong ngy c st
n[ngy/nm]: S ngy dng st trung bnh trong nm
U 0,5

- V v
10 100 x 60 : Xc sut phng in trn cch in.
pd

vi: U0,5: in p phng in xung kch b nht ca cch in

- : Xc sut hnh thnh h quang n nh.
- V: Xc sut st nh vng vo dy dn.
b. S ln ct in do st nh nh ct nc:
 Khi st nh nh ct hoc vo dy chng st trong phm vi ln cn ct, tu thuc vo
bin v dc dng st c th gy nn phng in trn chui cch in v dn n s c
ng dy. S ln ct in do st nh nh ct c xc nh nh sau: [2]
4h c
nc N (1 V ) c V pd . [ln/100km.nm] (2)
l
trong :
- Vcpd: Xc sut phng in trn chui s
- hc: treo cao dy chng st
- l: chiu di khong ct
c. S ln ct in do st nh vo gia khong vt nkv:
Khi st nh vo gia khong vt, s c ct in c th xy ra do mt trong hai trng
hp: hoc xy ra phng in trong khong khng kh MM' gia dy chng st v dy dn,
hoc xy ra phng in trn chui s khi sng st truyn v n ct. Do , s ln ct in do
st nh vo khong vt c xc nh nh sau: [2]
4h
kv N (1 V )(1 c )k [ln/100km.nm] (3)
l
trong : k Max(V pdMM '
. MM ' , V pd
cs
. )
MM '
- V pd : Xc sut phng in trong khong khng kh MM'
- MM ' : Xc sut hnh thnh h quang phng in trong khong MM'
cs
- V pd : Xc sut phng in chui s
- : Xc sut hnh thnh h quang n nh
T (1), (2) v (3) cho php xc nh c sut ct in ng dy do st nh vo
100km ng dy trong mt nm :
n = nv + nc + nkv [ln/100km.nm] (4)
2.2 Xc nh hm chi ph tnh ton
Hm chi ph tnh ton cho mt cng trnh truyn ti in k t khi u t xy dng, tri
qua qu trnh vn hnh cho n khi kt thc tui th d n bao gm rt nhiu hng mc chi
ph nh: chi ph u t xy dng, chi ph o to cng nhn vn hnh, chi ph qun l vn
hnh, chi ph duy tu bo dng, chi ph n b thit hi do mt in... Tuy nhin, so snh
kinh t gia 2 phng n treo dy chng st ta c th b qua mt s chi ph m 2 phng n
c gi tr nh nhau. Trong bi bo a ra cng thc xc nh chi ph tnh ton nh sau:
Z=C+H+G (5)
Trong :
C: Chi ph xy dng cng trnh: Cn c theo h s thit k, chng loi vt t thit
b v n gi ca nh mc chuyn ngnh ang p dng tnh ton tng vn xy
lp trung bnh cho 1km ng dy. T c th tnh ton tng vn u t cho c
chiu di L ca ng dy.
H: Chi ph n b thit hi cho khch hng: Chi ph ny ph thuc mc quan
trng v tnh cht ca ph ti, tnh ton y thit hi do mt in gy nn rt
kh khn. Hin nay in lc Vit Nam ang tnh bi thng cho khch hng theo
gi tr in nng b ngng cung cp. i vi khu vc nng thn, min ni gi bi
thng bng 10 ln gi bn in, i vi th x, thnh ph v khu kinh t gi bi
thng bng 20 ln gi bn in [3], [4]. Trn c s chi ph bi thng thit hi
cho khch hng c tnh nh sau:
 t
H P.t md .H md (1 i ) j .n.L / 100 [triu ng] (6)
j 1

vi:
P[kW]: Cng sut truyn ti trn ng dy
tm[h]: Thi gian mt in trung bnh cho 1 ln s c do st nh
Hm[triu ng]: Gi n b thit hi cho 1 kWh
i[%]: Gi chit khu bnh qun qui i gi tr v thi im hin ti.
j: Nm kho st
n[ln/100km.nm]: Sut ct in ng dy
L[km]: Chiu di ng dy
G: Chi ph duy tu bo dng thit b ng ct: i vi cc thit b ng ct, sau
mt s ln ng ct phi a vo bo dng, chi ph bo dng ph thuc s ln
ng ct v gi tr dng in ng ct. Thng qui i chi ph bo dng v mt
ln ng ct, c th tnh chi ph duy tu bo dng nh sau:
t
G g bd (1 i ) j .n.L / 100 [triu ng] (7)
j 1

vi:
i, n, L : nh trn Nhp s liu
Gbd[triu ng]: Chi ph bo dng L, n1, n2, t, gbd, hm, P
cho mt ln ng ct.
J = 0, CK = 0
2.3 La chn phng n u t
Trn c s xc nh c sut ct in ng
dy do st nh, cho php tnh hm chi ph tnh ton j = j +1
cho phng n treo mt dy chng st Z1 v phng
n treo 2 dy chng st Z2. Phng n la chn u
CK = CK + (1 + i)-j
t s l phng n c hm chi ph tnh ton Z b.

3 Chng trnh tnh ton la chn s treo j<t
dy chng st S
Nhp s liu

3.1 S thut ton
H1 = CK.P.tm.Hm.n1.L/100
Trn c s kt G1 = CK..Gm.n1.L/100
qu tnh ton mc 2, H2 = CK.P.tm.Hm.n2.L/100
xy dng c s nv N .V pdV . .V G2 = CK..Gm.n2.L/100
thut ton cho chng
trnh chnh nh hnh 1, Z1 = C1 + H1 + G1
4h C
trong CK l gi tr nC N (1 V ) V pd . Z2 = C2 + H2 + G2

chit khu qui i chi l

ph nm th j v thi Z1 < Z2 S
4hC
gian hin ti. S n KV N (1 V )(1 )k
l
thut ton tnh sut ct Chn phng n Chn phng n
in ng dy do st treo 1 dy chng st treo 2 dy chng st
nh nh hnh 2.
n nV nC n KV

DNG DNG

Hnh 2
Hnh 1
3.2 Chng trnh tnh ton la chn s treo dy chng st
T s thut ton ti xy dng c chng trnh chn dy chng st cho
php tnh ton sut ct in ng dy v tnh ton la chn phng n treo dy chng st
[6]. Khi ng chng trnh ta c mn hnh nh hnh 3, bm ENTER chuyn sang menu
cc tnh nng chng trnh nh hnh 4. Trong , F1 Data: Chc nng nhp v sa cha s
liu, F2 Help: Phn tr gip hng dn s dng, F3 Calculator: Thc hin tnh ton, F4
Result: Xem kt qu tnh ton, F5 Author: Gii thiu tc gi chng trnh, F6 Exit: Thot khi
chng trnh. tnh ton cho mt cng trnh, u tin thc hin vic nhp s liu vo tp s
liu bng chc nng F1 kt qu cc tp s liu nh trn hnh 5a, 5b, sau bm F3 thc
hin tnh ton v F4 xem kt qu, tp kt qu nh trn hnh 6 [6].

Hnh 3 Hnh 4

Hnh 5a Hnh 5b

Hnh 6
4 Kt lun
ti xy dng c chng trnh tnh ton chn dy chng st cho php la chn
phng n treo dy chng st cho ng dy truyn ti in nhm nng cao hiu qu kinh t
trong sut i sng d n. Ngoi ra, chng trnh cn cho php xy dng ng c tnh biu
din mi quan h ca hm Z theo mt thng s no , qua tm c gi tr gii hn gia
cc phng n treo dy theo thng s kho st.
Kt qu tnh ton ph thuc vo cc thng tin u vo, trong c mt s thng tin rt
kh xc nh chnh xc nh: mt dng st, sut ct in do st nh, chi ph bi thng
thit hi do mt in, chi ph sa cha thit b... Do , c kt qu tnh ton tin cy cn
phi thu thp mt lng thng tin ln xc nh cc thng s nu trn.
Ngoi ra cn phi tnh ton d bo nhu cu ph ti qua tng giai on xy dng
nn mt c tnh cng sut truyn ti trn ng dy theo thi gian, lm c s cho vic xc
nh gi tr Pi ti thi im ti xy ra s c.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] V Vit n, Gio trnh k thut in cao p, i hc Bch khoa H Ni;

1972.
[2] Hong Vit, K thut in p cao tp 2, i hc Quc gia TP HCM, 2004.
[3] Quyt nh s 215/2004/Q-TTg ngy 29/12/2004 ca Th tng Chnh ph
qui nh v gi bn in.
[4] Cng vn s 4930EVN/L3-8 ngy 13/10/2004 ca Cng ty in lc 3 qui
nh v gi bn in v gi n b cho khch hng do ngng cung cp in.
[5] Dr.H.J.C. Peiris; Study of lightning induced voltages on overhead conductors,
2001.
[6] L Vn Nghip, La chn s treo dy chng st cho ng dy truyn ti
nhm nng cao hiu qu kinh t, Lun vn thc s K thut, i hc Nng, 2005.