Contents

Introduction 5

1 Getting StaTted 7

2 Advanced Rules 16

3 Mating 26

4 Jargon 32

5 Children 43

6 Tournaments and matches 49

7 Chess Clock 60

8 Improvement 64

9 Grading 76

10 Openings 79

11 Computers 98

12 Puzzles 109

13 General I nformation 116

Solutions 125
 Introduction

J\'1an y years ago, I remember step 3: within weeks or months

IL: " rning chess at a bou t the age of 10 the penny usually drops and the
llItt spending hours moving pieces games speed up as the player is
Iround the board without really more able to spot che ckmates and
kl1 owing what I was doing. see captures in a shorter space of
Now I am teaching all levels from time. The quality of games will still
IH;ginners up to secondary school be low at this stage as much is
pupils and it is relatively easy to overlooked.
spot what each person needs to do step 4: games lengthen as the best
10 improve their game. moves are searched for and some
Once a player has learnt the strategy and openings come into
l110ves the key to improvement is play. Finally a player is ready for
quick, friendly games, while trying serious chess...
10 imptement basic principles. One This book is designed t o help you
Ilceds gradually to obtain from step 1, right through as a
rccogn ition of the possibilities on beginner to beyond Iminor"
thl: board. tournament level.
Practice and repetition, like most I have also pu t together man y of
Ihings, being fundamental, the the questions I have been asked over
pattern of progress is normally the years to guide player or parent
something like this: alike through the different aspects
of chess. I hope it will help to make
step 1: learning the rules. the chess scene enjoyable and
step 2 long un certain games perhaps whet the appetite of many
while carefully checking what each to start on the road to realising their
piece can do. chess poten tial.
 1 Getting Started

Is it difficult to learn how to be captured and cannot escape.

play chess? While all other pieces can be
captured, it is tradition for the kings
Chess is recognised as one of the to remain on the board.
lIIost complex, yet popular games
i:Vl!r in vented. I will not pretend that How are the pieces set up?
you can master the game in a few
hours, but certainly it should be 8
possible to begin challenging
7
relatives and friends after a few
days of going over this open ing 6
chapter. 5

4
Why play chess?
3

Good question. I think that only a 2

certain amount of people will be
drawn even to learn the rules, but
(here can be all sOrts of social
occasions when it is useful to be
irble to play. For example, visiting
in hospital, playing in a chess team
at work or school and teaching your
children if they ask!
What is the object o f the game
of chess?
Everybody will have seen people
playing a game of chess even if it
was just on an advert Or film. It is
for two people, one has the white
side and the other black. Both sides
begin with 16 men and they are set
up on a board opposite each other.
The players take it in turns to
move and the game is decisive when
one of the players' kings is going to
a b c d e f g h
On many sets, you will find that
the files and ranks are lettered "a to
"
h and numbered "1 to 8"
respectively on the edge of the
board.
It is a good idea to get into the
habit of setting up the white rooks
on a I and hi and the black pieces
On the eighth rank as this will be
important for recording games later.
I have seen many chess sets in
the shops-can I learn on any?
Yes, but practically it is wise to
stick with one set that is used in
99% of tournaments which is the
"
standard plastic "Staunton set that
any chess supplier would sell.
 2 Advanced Rules

What are the special rules of
castling?
You can castle ei ther side of the
board using one rook and your king.
You must clear a path between the
two and must not have moved either
bef ore. You may not castle out of
check and you must n ot castle
through a square that is attacked, or
in other words "through check". The
king always moves two squares
towards the rook and the
COmes over the top of the king and
to the side. For example:
the black king and rook would end
up On c8 and d8 respectively.
A COmmOn mistake made by
beginners is to move the king three
squares (instead of 2) when castling
queenside.
Assuming White's king and rooks
have not moved bef ore, is it
possible for him to castle in the
following two positions? (Q6 and
Q7) Answers on p.124.
rook

In this case White is able to castle

kingside and Black may castle
q ueenside if nei ther the rook Or king
has moved before. I doubt this
position has ever come close to
happening in a real game but serves
to illustrate the method of castling
as the white king would finish up on
gl and the white rook on f1 while
 3 Mating

Which minimum amount of The technique is relat ively simple

pieces is it possible to checkmate but should be mastered bef ore
with? moving on as it a common failing
for beginners to allow stalemate
The basic answer is two, but it is with queen and king v king. Take
worth discussing which pieces and the following position with White to
which combination of pieces are move.
able to do the business.
Novices often enquire whethr it
is possible to checkmate with two
knight s and king versus king, or two
bishops or a bishop and knight duo.
It is cer tainly worth knowing these
off by heart as it can influence your
decision of which pieces to
exchange as you ente r the final
stages 0 f the game.
Queen and king against king, and
rook and king against king are
trivial in comparison.
The first job is f or the queen to
How do [ checkmate with king trap the black king and f orm a
and queen against a lone king? "cage" from which he cannot
escape. This is done by 1 'i'c4.
First let us look at one of the fmal
checkmate positions we must aim
for.

Now the king IS In a rest ricted

area forming 15 squares since it
 4 Jargon

Can I ask about all the jargon late as around move 30 in well
because it can be orr putting? known lines.
However, the move itself can
As with most fields, there are a lot have been played by a club player
of chess terms that will mean for years. This club player can be
nothing to the general public, but upset that he gets no credit for the
are often spouted in chess circles. I idea, but that's life!
remember being confused by the I accidentally hit on a novelty
word "birdie" in golf and thinking it many years ago just before a famous
meant that a ball hit a poor low grandmaster used it in a top
flying bird, so it is important not to tournament. However, my game
assume that everyone knows exactly rightly went un noticed as the follow
what you are talking about. up was totally unconvincing and it
I guess we will never achieve total took place against a weak opponent.
uniformity however, because I The relevance of a TN is that it is
know at least two pupils who have likely to change the course of an
their own little jargon which they opening in favour of one side.
cannot be shaken from and for all I The world's top players have to
know their whole school talks in the keep up with all the latest TN's in
same way. For example, one young their openings so they are not
boy always says "castle-up" for the caught out.
act of castling and another will not
budge from referring to "taking" or What is a "plus" or "minus"
"capturing" as "cutting" the piece. score?

What is a TN? I didn't come across this phrase

until I embarked on international
This stands for "Theoretical tournaments, but you may well read
Novelty". More recently, a single it in a chess article or magazine.
"N" is more commonly used. If a player has 50%, their score is
A move tha t has never been "evens" while anything above or
published before can be claimed to below will be a plus or minus score
be a "TN". The more successful and respectively.
notable it is, the more important the That is straightforward enough,
novelty. but it is not so obvious to work out
A novelty can come as early as what is "plus one", "plus two" or
move 3 in obscure openings or as "minus three" for example.
 5 Children
Should I want my child to learn
rhess?
Evidence suggest s that it IS
heneficial for every child to be
IlilIght the rules of ches s as it
l:ncourages concentration and
tl iscipline skills. For example, it is
important for a child to learn how t o
III ke it in turns to move and how to
cope with adversities such as being
checkmated or losing their queen
tluring a game. I actually teach all
the year t wos (aged 6-7) in a school
,lIld it is interesting to watch their
t I i fferent approach es.
Even at that early age, some
children are more than happy to
nsign their game in favour of a
peaceful, contented and unambitious
life while others fight on to the
death or even try a spot of cheating
10 secure the point. It is clear that
IIbout one third will never want to
play a game of chess again but more
Ihan half pick it up quickly and
L:nj oy the endless complexities.
Another school in the area does
not believe in competition for the
children and, although chess is
laught, matches are not played and a
school champion is not sought. Ad
mittedly I have not heard the rel
evant arguments for the other side
but I cannot understand the concept
of protecting children in this way as
we live in such a competitive world.
I have found nearly every child to
relish the prospect of entering a
chess tournament and, while I
would not dream of forcing
someone to play against their will, I
would never deprive the children of
a hance to excel at something they
enJoy.
\Ve m ust not forget that every
child is different and a taste of chess
might be just the right medicine for
endless hours of constr uctive fun.
What age should my child start
playing chess?
This is a difficult question t o
answer because i t is different for
every child. For example, you will
hear s t ories abou t Fischer (eccentric
former World Champion) and
Kasparov (the current \Vorld no. 1)
picking up the moves and playing
from the early age of 4, but I know
at least one grand master who learnt
the rules at the ripe old age of 15
Of course the sooner the better is
a logical rule to apply, but not all
children will take t o it until their
powers of concent ration develop
and premat ure press ure could have
an adverse effect. I was intrigued to
hear from the renowned ju nior
coach Richard James that starting at
11 can bear equal fruit s to someone
who learns m uch earlier. He
explained that it is easier for most
 6 Tournaments and matches

What is the shortest game of

chess?

Two moves is the quickest way to

give checkmate, although one's
opponent must be pretty o bliging.
It has been named "Fool's Mate"
and it comes about when White
plays a couple of crazy moves on
the kingside and allows Black to
deliver mate on his second move.

At this point someone might

1 g4 e5 2 f3 'i'h4 mate
touch their king by mistake (if it is
intentional, the situation is extreme
ly sad!) and be obliged to move it.
There is only one square:
2".e7 and there follows 3 'i'xe5
mate

Which quick methods of

checkmate do I need to be aware
of?

Far more common is the "Four

The above is most unlikely to
Move Checkmate" or "Scholar's
happen but there is an unusual mate
Mate". While supervising junior
in three that occasionally happens in
school matches, I have often wit
school chess.
nessed one or two games invariably
1 e4 e5 2 'i'h5
 7 Chess Clock
\Vhat is a chess clock?
In case you have not come across
one, chess clocks are designed to
make sure the game is over in an
allotted time. This may be a 1 hour
game in which the players have
Ih-hour each On the dock Or up to B
hours in an international
competition.
The longer games will normally
be divided up into separate tlme
limits such as 40 moves in the first 2
hours (each), then 20 moves for the
next hour and then perhaps V-hour
to complete the remaining mOves.
However, the vast majority of
matches are finished by 60 moves.
If any of the time controls are not
reached the player will lose On time,
although there are special cases in
the final time control where a win
cannot be awarded to the defender
who has nO mating material left.
The clocks consist of two faces
and a button that you must press
after each move in order to stop
your OWn clock and start your
opponent's. Naturally enough,
digital clocks are replacing the
traditional ones, which has the
bonus of eliminating the possibility
of faulty flags falling early and any
disputes of which flag fell first.
Remember that the clocks are not
particularly robust and need careful
handling. I remember visiting a
school club and was impressed to
notice that they possessed four chess
clocks. However, they were totally
lifeless as they had been stored at
the bottom of a large box that
housed all the chess sets. So be es
pecially alert when you are playing
blitz (a rather wild time limit of be
tween 1 and 5 minutes each on the
clock) and avoid both buttons being
pressed simultaneously by force.
Also, get used to making your
move and pressing the clock button
with the same hand as it is illegal to
do otherwise.
How can I make best use of the
clock?
It is important to use your allotted
time effectively. At first the clock
will be a major worry and beginners
tend to play too fast to avoid any
danger of losing On time. It is also
common for beginners to forget to
press the clock at all as they become
wrapped up in the game, so if your
opponent is spending an excessive
amount of time thinking, check that
you pressed your clock and he is not
just watching your time ticking
away!
Remembering to press the clock
will g radually become second
nature. You will be less aware of the
 8 Improvement

What is the best way to improve Karpov prefers technical positions

early on? with few tactics, although that is not
You must play and play and play. to say that he cannot calculate accu
It is like learning the piano or rately. He has a fantastic feel for
,driving. At first it is nigh to where the pieces belong and is quite
impossible as you must concentrate happy to grind down a position in
on every little aspect, but gradually the endgame where he is able to
it becomes easier and easier until it convert the smallest of advantages.
becomes natural (perhaps aHer one A weak pawn of his opponent's or a
year) and then the time is ripe to superior placed king is all that Kar
learn more advanced tunes, pov needs to smell victory. Let me
manoeuvres and ideas. give you an example.
Bill Hartston used to relate that
the Polgar sisters had learnt chess as Anatoly Karpov White
their "mother tongue" and it was R, Debarnot Black
second nature to them. That really is French Defence
the key at the beginning because
1 e4 e6 2 d4 dS 3 ttJd2
until someone can spot the squares
Karpov, who was World Cham
that the pieces are attacking with a
pion at the time of this encounter in
degree of speed and confidence,
1977 chooses the most solid option
there is certainly no point trying to
against the French Defence. Note
understand deeper concepts.
that 3 Qjc3 is not at all the same as it
What makes a successful allows 3 ...i.b4 and the exciting
player? Winawer variation.
3 ...cS
Of all the criteria, I think the Now we have entered the Tar
ability to analyse, or to see far rasch variation as Black is happy to
ahead, is the most important. If you be saddled with an isolated d-pawn
cannot calculate what will happen in in return for some activity. How
a complex variation, you will not be ever, this is playing into Karpov's
able to assess whether it is correct to hands as h e will already be planning
enter the complications. for his opponent's pawn weaknesses
There are of course different types to prove fatal in the ending.
of players and Karpov (the 4 exdS exdS 5 IiJgl3 IiJc6 6 i.bS
ex-World Champion) and Kasparov i.d6 7 dxcS i.xcs 8 0-0 (De7 9
(the present World Champion) Iilb3 i.d6 10 J:[el 0-0 II i.gS i.g4
illustrate the point perfectly. 12 i.e2 'll'e7 13 h3 i.d7 141ilfd4
 9 Grading

What is a British grading? following the Elo style, in order to

cater for the masses of lower rated
It is a figure that illustrates your players that do not have an
chess strength and the higher the international rating.
number, the better you are. It can be very confusing that the
Typically E nglish, unlike the rest of Elo list IS also called the
the world, we have adopted a three "international rating list" or the
figure rather than a four figure "FIDE rating list" as these are all
grading system. The general one and the same.
standards are as follows: Don't be fooled by the fact that
we call our list the BCF (British
beginner: 40-80 Chess Federation) ratings because
low club player: 80-120 the Scots, Welsh and Irish in fact
average club player: 120-150 use the Elo system to calculate their
strong club player: 150-190 own ratings. They are not part of the
1st team county player: 170+ British Chess Federation and their
International player 220+ list is independent of the
Top 100 in the world: 250+ international list.
It is noticeable on the USCF
What is an Elo rating? (United States Chess Federation)
rating list that most players are
There is an International body of about 100 points higher than their
chess called FIDE (Federation FIDE rating but this does not matter
International des E checs) that takes as you can only compare ratings in
care of the Elo (named after the same list. Again, it is an
Professor Arpad Elo who invented interesting statistic that there are
the system) rating list that covers about 80,000 USCF players on their
the whole world. This however only internal Elo-based rating list with
begins at elo 2000 which is the only about 1% of these also on the
equivalent of 175 in E nglish terms Elo or in ternational list.
or first team county player level.
To put it in perspective, there are How do I obtain a BeF
about 30,000 players on the British grading?
grading list with less than 2% of
these having achieved an Elo rating. You must play 12 games against
Therefore count ries all adopt their other officially graded players dur
own internal list too, almost always ing the period of one year in order
 10 Openings

What openings should [ start stage because he felt bored by the

with? stagnant positions that can arise
after the standard 1 e4 e5 opening:
This is not so easy to answer since
there are a few totally different 1 e4 e5 2 lZll3 tDc6 3 i.c4 i.c5 4
schools of thought. The famous lZlc3 f6 5 Q-Q Q-Q 6 d3 d6 etc.
Richmond junior chess club which
is well-known for its ability to chum
out masses of strong juniors is strict
about the children sticking to the
classical opening I e4 e5 until they
have mastered certain aspects of the
game. At this stage other openings
are not allowed to be practiced in
coaching sessions.
On reaching a specific standard
(BeF 501Eio 1000) they are then
invited up to the next group which
is enlightened with practically every
opening that exists. Individually, I know how he felt, but in fact a
they are then able to decide which more advanced player could find
opening they feel at home with and plenty of ways to liven up the posi
make a choice when they come to tion with, for example 4 c3. I think
play their own tournament games. it is a sensible idea for any player to
The alternative approaches are to experiment with new openings
experiment at an early stage with (especially the mainst ream ones) but
unusual openings or to learn just I can't deny that the Richmond
one opening and stick to it for many policy works well for them.
years. The dangers here are being
put off openings that are just too Do [ need an opening
subtle for a beginner to understand repertoire?
in the first case or to li mit your
repertoire and never find the pefect You won't get far without one.
opening that suits you in the latter. There is not much point fishing in
I read an article where Steve the da rk in every game when it is so
Davis was complaining that he was easy to look up the fi rst few moves
put off chess at a relatively early to set you on your way.
 11 Computers

Dol need a computer? shortest time poss ib Ie and who are

fortuna te in having the time to both
Quite frankly t no. Howevert in study and play chess on a daily
this age of computers it is easy to basist a ches s playing program will
believe that you can t keep up be a tireless opponent being more
without one. than willing to play you for as long
I would also answer that you as you desire whether it is for a half
don't need a cup to enj oy a d rink of hou r game or f or eight hours a day!
watert but that extra expense for a Although it is a frequently made
mug or glass does make li fe easier. comment that there is no su bstitute
I remember being asked to try out f or playing human opponentst there
a computer in their early days of are a number of advantages in
manufacture. It was an electronic pIa ying computers:
one where you had to push the I. Humans of greater strength
square you were moving from and rna y be reluctant to play you on a
then push the square where the regular basis as although it may be a
piece landed. The l ights and beeping grea t chaHenge and very instructive
noises were an added irritation and I for you to play themt they are
remember that few games were unlikely to feel the same way.
finished as I al wa ys managed to 2. One useful purpose that the
spoil the game by leaning on an computer can serve is to acquaint
irrelevant square and lighting up the you with many different openings as
whole board or purposely nowada ys their repertoire is extens
destroying the game when I ive and varied". For examplet you
blundered. can get machines and programmes
The main factor in playing against where you can select their style of
computers is that the better ones pIa y and each will react difTerently
don't make tactical oversights and to your opening moves. This is a far
therefore you have to use a slightly cry from when I was young and
d ifTerent approach than if you are there was a tendency for them to
playing a h uman. follow exactly the same game.
3. I t is possi ble to set up positions
How can a ch ess computer help from bookst newspapers or your
you? own games and either play the
position out yourself or get the
For those players who wish to computer to analyse the position for
reach the highest levels in the you.
 12 Puzzles

I like unusual puzzles to solve unnatural looking move on the

what differe nt types are there? board. The best defenc must
always be assumed in these type of
There is in fact a whole area mates.
devoted to chess problem solving The well known composer and
and indeed composing. solver, Brian Stephenson, once
As we are supposed to be in a explained to me that the real beauty
book devoted to chess playing, I of these puzzles is that no piece is
will only graze this subject, but an accessory, but each one is there
some people are immediately for a special reason and contributes
fascinated by this "altetnative to the beauty of the solution. It is
medicine". Let us examine the time for an example and the
different types of puzzles. For following appeared in OM Jonathan
convenience, White moves first Levitt's most entertaining and
unless stated other.vise. challenging book Genius in Chess.

i) Checkmate in a certain number All the answers to the following

of moves. puzzles can be found on pages
124-5.
It will be written as "White mates
in two" (or three etc.)
Q26) White mates in two
The positions are totally unique
and by tradition unlike ones that
appear during a normal game. Let
us take a mate in 2: the object of the
exercise is to take a move, and
whatever B lack replies he will be
mated on the following move (no.
2). For a mate in three, he will be
mated on the third move etc.
It may sound easy but the
composer makes sure there are
many red herrings and only one
solution, which is always the most
 13 General Information

How is chess as a professio n? eastern European "gangs" who used

to work in "company" and arrange
Judging by the amount of games during a tournament in order
professionals there are, it is possible to maximise the amount of prize
to assume that there is a lot of money they would win between
money to go round, but the truth is them. This was their "business" but
act ually far different. one had to pity their efforts as they
About 20 years ago it was enough might resort to sleeping in cars or
to be an international master to sharing 5 to a room to sa ve money
make a decent living from chess while waiting for the customary
playing. One could receive fees in hotel to be provided by the
tournaments and ",'inning prizes. orgamsers during the next
However, as sponsorship dried up tournament.
and more international masters
arrived on the scene, orgamzers With the amount of books and
became only interested in the use of computers, surely all
grandmasters. the games of chess have been
Soon afterwards the fall of the worked out?
Iron Curtain saw a mass exodus of
grandmasters from eastern Europe This is a total misconception
who were willing to play for smaller which is better fired at noughts and
fees. Nowadays only GMs crosses or draughts!
consistently above 2600 can expect As Graham Burgess states in his
to make a decent I iving at solely Mammoth Book of Chess, "There
chess playing. are far more possible games of
However, on the plus side there chess than there are particles in the
are many opportuni ties f or the known universe, and the number of
average titled player. One can possible chess positions, although
juggle teaching both in schools and far fewer, is still astronomica!".
privately with writing books and Since one of his friends, Dr. Nunn is
articles. However, this is little one of the greatest mathematicians
consolation to the players drawn to and chess players of all time, I feel
the life of tournaments and extremely safe passing on this
travelling. quote.
When I first appeared on the I may have an immense library
international tournament scene, I that would no doubt aid in beating
was quite shocked by the amount of 99% of the chess playing
 14 Answers

Q1) No, the p awn cannot move as Q14) No, 1 nxf7+ e6 wins a
the bishop would be putting the king piece.) 1 nb5 attacks two .bishops
into check simultaneously.

Q2) Yes, with ... 'i'xf6. Q16) l...b7+ picks up the rook
onD.
Q3) 1 i.n.
Q17) I ... 'i'al+ 2 b3 'i'bl+ wins
Q4 ) L...xtK the queen.

Q5 ) checkmate. Q18) 1 nb5+.

Q6) No, White cannot castle Q19) 1 i.d4.

kingside due to the bishop covering
the fI-sq uare (it is not possible to Q20) No, l...'i'xe4 is too greedy
castle through check) and cannot On account of 2 nel.
castle queenside due to the rook on
dS. Q21) 1 e5.

Q7) Yes, White can castle either Q22) 1 h 4!

side.
Q23) 1 'i'dS+!! xdS 2 i.g5+
QS) 1 tiJ f7 + wins the queen. 'ittf8 3 ndS mate.

Q9) 1 'i'xcS 'i'xcS 2 tiJe7+ nets a Q24) 1 tiJc6++ (double check)

rook.
Q25) 1 i.xf7+ e7 2 tiJd5 mate.
Q 10) I i.d4+
Q 26) 1 'i'd5+!! and now:
Ql l) 1 i.c4. Don't forget that the i) l...i.xd5 2 tiJxd3 mate
black rook On d5 cannot mOve. ii) l...lhd5 2 tiJe4 mate
iii) l...xd5 2 nb5 mate.
Q 12) 1, 'i'b3+ picks up the loose
rook on c2. Q2 7) 1 nbS+! (the red herring 1
nhl allows Black to escape with
Q 13) 1 d5 attacks two pieces. 1...0-0-0) l...nxbS (the alternative
126 Your Chess Questions Answered

1 ....i. xb8 2 lIxa8 f8 3 lIxb8 is Q37) 1 irxg6 mate.

mate) 2lIh 1 .i.d4 3 lIh8 mate.
Q38) 1 lIh1 + g8 2 lIh8 mate.
Q28) I ... b2 2 f4 c3 3 f5 d4
4 f6 eS S f7 f6 6 e8 g7 7 Q39) 1 irxc6+! bxc62 .i.a6 mate.
tbgS h8 8 f8= lIf. A total of 7
moves each have taken p lace. Q40) 1 lIfxh7+! xh7 2 lIh3
mate.
Q29) 1....i.f2 2 .i.eS e3 .i.c3
mate or Q41) 1 irg8+! lIxg8 2llJt7 mate.
1 ....i.b4 2lieS c3 3 lIe2mate.
Q42) 1 lIh6+! xh6 2lIh 8 mate.
Q30) 1 as 2 a4 3 a3 4 a2 Sa] B
(promote to a b ish op) 6 .i.d4 7 .i.b6 Q43) 1 ..irxg3+! 2 hxg3 .i.xg3
.

8 b7 9 a8 1 0 .i.a7 .i.G mate. mate.

Q3 1) 1 1Itb7and now: Q44) 1 lIfxh7+! lbxh7 2 lIxh7+

i) 1. ..lIcxb72lie 1 mate f8 3 tbg6 mate.
ii) l . .lIbxb7 2 lIh6mate
.

iii) 1...llJxd3 2lIfxG mate Q45) 1 lIfa8+ h7 2 iVh8+!

iv) 1...lIxc4 2lIfh7rnate tbxh8 3.
v) 1 ... lIb22 lIh6 mate
vi) 1...lIxg6 2 1 mate. Q46) l. ..lbfl + 2 hl irh2+! 3
lbxh2tbg3 mate.
Q32) 1 W'f7 mate.
Q47) 1. .. lbd3 +! 2 exd3 lIfxg3+ 3
Q33) 1 lIh8 mate. e2 lbd4 mate .

Q34) 1 tbg6 mate. Q48) 1 lIxh6+! 'iWxh6 2 'iWxh6+

.i.xh6 3 lIh7mate.
Q35) 1 lIh7mate.
Q49) 1 lbe7+ h8 2 'ifxh7+!
Q36) 1 lIfh8 mate. xh73 lIh3 mate.