2016 India Regional Mathematical Olympiad

India Regional Mathematical Olympiad 2016

Delhi Region

1 Given are two circles 1 , 2 which intersect at points X, Y . Let P be an ar-

bitrary point on 1 . Suppose that the lines P X, P Y meet 2 again at points
A, B respectively. Prove that the circumcircles of all triangles P AB have the
same radius.

2 Consider a sequence (ak )k1 of natural numbers defined as follows: a1 = a and

a2 = b with a, b > 1 and gcd(a, b) = 1 and for all k > 0, ak+2 = ak+1 + ak .
Prove that for all natural numbers n and k, gcd(an , an+k ) < a2k .

3 Two circles C1 and C2 intersect each other at points A and B. Their external
common tangent (closer to B) touches C1 at P and C2 at Q. Let C be the
reflection of B in line P Q. Prove that CAP = BAQ.

4 Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that a + b + c = 3. Determine, with

certainty, the largest possible value of the expression
a b c
+ 3 + 3
a3 + b + c b + c + a c + a2 + b
2 2

5 a.) A 7-tuple (a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 , b1 , b2 , b3 ) of pairwise distinct positive integers with

no common factor is called a shy tuple if

a21 + a22 + a23 + a24 = b21 + b22 + b23

and for all 1 i < j 4 and 1 k 3, a2i + a2j 6= b2k . Prove that there exists
infinitely many shy tuples.
b.) Show that 2016 can be written as a sum of squares of four distinct natural
numbers.

6 A deck of 52 cards is given. There are four suites each having cards numbered
1, 2, . . . , 13. The audience chooses some five cards with distinct numbers written
on them. The assistant of the magician comes by, looks at the five cards and
turns exactly one of them face down and arranges all five cards in some order.
Then the magician enters and with an agreement made beforehand with the
assistant, he has to determine the face down card (both suite and number).
Explain how the trick can be completed.

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 2016 India Regional Mathematical Olympiad

Mumbai Region

1 Let ABC be a right-angled triangle with B = 90 . Let I be the incenter of

ABC. Draw a line perpendicular to AI at I. Let it intersect the
p line CB at D.
Prove that CI is perpendicular to AD and prove that ID = b(b a) where
BC = a and CA = b.

2 Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that

a b c
+ + = 1.
1+a 1+b 1+c

Prove that abc 81 .

3 For any natural number n, expressed in base 10, let S(n) denote the sum of all
digits of n. Find all natural numbers n such that n = 2S(n)2 .

4 Find the number of all 6-digits numbers having exactly three odd and three
even digits.

5 Let ABC be a triangle with centroid G. Let the circumcircle of triangle AGB
intersect the line BC in X different from B; and the circucircle of triangle AGC
intersect the line BC in Y different from C. Prove that G is the centroid of
triangle AXY .

6 Let (a1 , a2 , . . . ) be a strictly increasing sequence of positive integers in arith-

metic progression. Prove that there is an infinite sub-sequence of the given
sequence whose terms are in a geometric progression.

Maharashtra and Goa Region

1 Find distinct positive integers n1 < n2 < < n7 with the least possible sum,
such that their product n1 n2 n7 is divisible by 2016.

2 At an international event there are 100 countries participating, each with its
own flag. There are 10 distinct flagpoles at the stadium, labelled 1#2,...#10 in
a row. In how many ways can all the 100 flags be hoisted on these 10 flagpoles,
such that for each i from 1 to 10, the flagpole#i has at least i flags? (Note that
the vertical order of the flagpoles on each flag is important)

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 2016 India Regional Mathematical Olympiad

3 Find all integers k such that all roots of the following polynomial are also
integers:
f (x) = x3 (k 3)x2 11x + (4k 8).

4 Let ABC be scalene, with BC as the largest side. Let D be the foot of the
perpendicular from A on side BC. Let points K, L be chosen on the lines AB
and AC respectively, such that D is the midpoint of segment KL. Prove that
the points B, K, C, L are concyclic if and only if BAC = 90 .

5 Let x, y, z be non-negative real numbers such that xyz = 1. Prove that

(x3 + 2y)(y 3 + 2z)(z 3 + 2x) 27.

6 ABC is an equilateral triangle with side length 11 units. Consider the points
P1 , P2 , . . . , P1 0 dividing segment BC into 11 parts of unit length. Similarly,
define Q1 , Q2 , . . . , Q1 0 for the side CA and R1 , R2 , . . . , R1 0 for the side AB.
Find the number of triples (i, j, k) with i, j, k {1, 2, . . . , 10} such that the
centroids of triangles ABC and Pi Qj Rk coincide.

Karnataka and WB region

1 Let ABC be a triangle and D be the mid-point of BC. Suppose the angle
bisector of ADC is tangent to the circumcircle of triangle ABD at D. Prove
that A = 90 .

2 Let a, b, c be three distinct positive real numbers such that abc = 1. Prove that
a3 b3 c3
+ + 3
(a b)(a c) (b c)(b a) (c a)(c b)

a c e
3 Let a, b, c, d, e, d, e, f be positive integers such that < < . Suppose
b d f
af be = 1. Show that d b + f .

4 There are 100 countries participating in an olympiad. Suppose n is a positive

integers such that each of the 100 countries is willing to communicate in exactly
n languages. If each set of 20 countries can communicate in exactly one common
language, and no language is common to all 100 countries, what is the minimum
possible value of n?

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 2016 India Regional Mathematical Olympiad

5 Let ABC be a right-angled triangle with B = 90 . Let I be the incentre if

ABC. Extend AI and CI; let them intersect BC in D and AB in E respectively.
Draw a line perpendicular to AI at I to meet AC in J, draw a line perpendicular
to CI at I to meet AC at K. Suppose DJ = EK. Prove that BA = BC.

6 (a). Given any natural number N , prove that there exists a strictly increasing
sequence of N positive integers in harmonic progression.
(b). Prove that there cannot exist a strictly increasing infinite sequence of
positive integers which is in harmonic progression.

Telangana Region

1 Let ABC be a right angled triangle with B = 90 . Let I be the incentre of

triangle ABC. Suppose AI is extended to meet BC at F . The perpendicular
on AI at I is extended to meet AC at E . Prove that IE = IF .

2 Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that

a b c
+ + = 1.
1+a 1+b 1+c
Prove that abc 81 .

3 For any natural number n, expressed in base 10, let S(n) denote the sum of all
digits of n. Find all positive integers n such that n3 = 8S(n)3 + 6S(n)n + 1.

4 Find all 6 digit natural numbers, which consist of only the digits 1, 2, and 3, in
which 3 occurs exactly twice and the number is divisible by 9.

5 Let ABC be a right angled triangle with B = 90 . Let AD be the bisector

of angle A with D on BC . Let the circumcircle of triangle ACD intersect AB
again at E; and let the circumcircle of triangle ABD intersect AC again at F
. Let K be the reflection of E in the line BC . Prove that F K = BC.

6 Show that the infinite arithmetic progression {1, 4, 7, 10 . . .} has infinitely many
3 -term sub sequences in harmonic progression such that for any two such triples
{a1 , a2 , a3 } and {b1 , b2 , b3 } in harmonic progression , one has
a1 a2
6=
b1 b2
.

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