Jishnu Bhattacharya

1st Semester - 2016-17

Lecture -24
 Psychrometric processes
Sensible heat factor =

SE/TE = SE/(SE+LE)
 Psychrometric processes
A special Case:
Isenthalpic Cooling
Psychrometric processes

Evaporative cooling:
Constant enthalpy / WBT Where can you use cooler
No heat input instead of AC (in cooler, no
Sensible cooling at the cost of latent heating refrigeration cycle just a
Cooling as well as humidification pump)
Good for dry summer In cooling tower, process is
Might be very uncomfortable for humid summer same- but goal different (to
cool water not air-stream)
Psychrometric processes - Mixing
Psychrometric processes - Mixing
Moisture Balance

Dry air balance

Energy balance
Psychrometric processes - Mixing
Psychrometric processes - Mixing
Psychrometric processes - Mixing
Psychrometric processes - Mixing
Psychrometric processes - Mixing
Condensation:
Lever Rule does not
apply here! Details of
the energy and mass
conservation would be
needed for the mixed
air condition.
Processes in AC equipment
Cooling and dehumidifying
Cooling and dehumidifying

Bypass Factor Fraction of uncontacted air

Cooling and dehumidifying

Bypass Factor
Limit of a cooling coil
Heating coil
Air washer
Air washer
Air washer
Using Hygroscopic (water absorbing) solution instead of water
Adiabatic dehumidifier
Steam injection
Simple summer AC - basics
Heat loads

Given
Heat loads
Heat loads
Direct DBT
control

Indirect moisture
control
Heat loads

Two equations and

three unknowns
(mass flow rate,
Cannot solve uniquely for different mass inlet DBT and W)
flow rate inlet condition will differ
Simple summer AC - basics
Simple summer AC - basics
Simple summer AC - basics
Simple summer AC - basics
Simple summer AC - basics
Summer AC With ventilation
Summer AC With ventilation
Summer AC With ventilation
Summer AC No recirculation
Summer AC No ventilation
Winter AC
Winter AC
Winter AC
Winter AC
Winter AC preheating & steam injection
Winter AC preheating & steam injection
Year-round AC
 AC Equipment design variety
Classification of distribution mechanism:
All air system
size is large
heat exchange is maximum due to direct mixing
Applicable for small units

All water system

size is smaller
cost of heat exchanger and loss of heat
Applicable in large distribution network as in high rise building

Air-water system
 AC Equipment design variety
Classification of Capacity and purpose diversity:
Unitary
Both AC and Ref equipment are together
serve AC requirement for a single area

Central
Components are remote to each other
multi-zone multi-purpose system
Different requirements are served by a single plant
 AC Equipment design variety
Different Unitary systems:
Window
Easy to install
Operational flexibility is low mainly on-off control, precise
control of both temperature and humidity is difficult, sound level is
high due to the presence of the compressor in the AC unit
very local large capacity window unit is extremely cost-inefficient
Ventilation load is high better air quality
lower efficiency due to lack of precise control over the air mixing
 AC Equipment design variety
Different Unitary systems:
Air Cooler
Works on evaporative cooling
No refrigerating unit hence low cost
Works only in case of very dry air
With higher humidity, it decreases the comfort level
 AC Equipment design variety
Different Unitary systems:
Split AC
The Ac and refrigerating units are separated
Only evaporator part stays inside the conditioned area along with
the AC unit
The other parts of the refrigerating system (conderser, compressor,
throtlle etc.) stay outside
Sound is minimum as compressor stays out
Ventilation is zero only circulates the room air
Unhealthy for long time consumption
Efficiency is much higher as outside heat load is zero
 AC Equipment design variety
Different Unitary systems:
Split AC large rooftop units
Works in the principle of split AC
Multiple evaportors in multiple zones are served by the rooftop
refrigeration unit
A compromise between central and unitary AC
Useful for standalone office buildings

Heating and cooling units

Combined with heating circuit for year-round AC
Energy efficient buildings
Ensuring natural convection and cross ventilation

Low volume to surface ratio

Southern exposure in northern hemisphere and vice-versa

Along east west with less exposed area in the west and north

Planting trees around both for shade and evaporative cooling

Energy efficient buildings
Insulation and vacuum in wall

Glazing in the glass windows

Outside curtain

Roof painting and shading

False ceiling