CEPS UNI MISS: Ftima Atoche

TENSES

SIMPLE PRESENT BE - TO BE AS MAIN VERB

I. To be is used as a main verb to indicate the role or position that one has at work, family, or other
organization. Be is an irregular verb.

1. Jennifer is my sister.
2. Frank is a doctor.
3. Alan was a guest at our house last week.

II. To Be as Main Verb with Adjectives : To be is also used as a main verb together with adjectives to express
qualities about someone. It's possible to use only adjectives with Be, or adjectives which modify other
nouns.

1. She is a beautiful woman.

2. Jack was a handsome man.
3. She is interesting.
4. They are ugly.

III. To be is used as a main verb to indicate location.

1. They are at lunch.

2. Our house is in the countryside.
3. Alice is in the backyard.

IV. To be is used to talk about Ages

1. Lucia is 34 years old.

2. They are 13 years old.

V. To talk about states or feelings

1. My sister is sick.
2. Im a woman in love.
3. Steven is very hungry .

TO BE AS MAIN VERB WITH COMPARATIVE OR SUPERLATIVE FORM

To be is also used with the comparative or superlative form to make comparison between people, places, objects,
and ideas.

The Mercedes is faster than the Fiat.

New York is the most exciting city in the world.
My aunt Martha is a much better cook than my mother.

TO BE AS AUXILIARY VERB

1. Present Continuous: They are watching TV at the moment.

2. Past Continuous We were discussing the situation when he telephoned.
CEPS UNI MISS: Ftima Atoche
3. Present Perfect Continuous: They have been waiting for over an hour. (be is in past participle)
4. Future Continuous: Alex will be playing the piano at eight p.m. at the bar and grill.
5. Future Perfect Continuous: Max will have been playing the piano for two hours by the time he finishes.

TO BE USED WITH PASSIVE VOICE

Be is also used together with the past participle form in all passive sentences. The verb to be is always conjugated
in the passive voiced and is followed by the past participle. All passive sentences have the following structure:

Passive Subject + To Be + Past Participle

1. Present simple: Many different types of cars are made in Detroit.

2. Present Continuous: That course is being taken by a number of students.
3. Past Simple: Her house was built in 1987.
4. Past Continuous: The ideas were being discussed while the decisions were being made.
5. Future with 'Will': She will be hired as a consultant.
6. Future with 'Going to': That book is going to be read by millions.
7. Present Perfect: Our vacation resort has been enjoyed by thousands.
8. Past Perfect: The dinner had been prepared before they arrived.

SIMPLE PRESENT DO-DOES

EL "SIMPLE PRESENT" DO- DOES SE UTILIZA:

1. Para referirse al futuro, detrs de algunas conjunciones: after, when, before, as soon as, until:

He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.

2. Hbitos y rutinas He drinks tea at breakfast. She only eats fish. They watch television
regularly.
3. Eventos y acciones repetidos We catch the bus every morning. It rains every afternoon in the
hot season.
They drive to Monaco every summer. She goes to Cuzco every two months.
I always go to my job at 6:15 am My friend usually drinks orange juice.
4. Hechos generales
Water freezes at zero degrees. The Earth revolves around the Sun. Her mother is Peruvian.
5. Instrucciones o indicaciones
Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.
You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford.
6. Eventos programados His mother arrives tomorrow. Our holiday starts on the 26th
March.
7. Construcciones de futuro
She'll see you before she leaves.
We'll give it to her when she arrives.

NOTAS SOBRE LA TERCERA PERSONA DEL SINGULAR DEL "SIMPLE PRESENT"

En la tercera persona del singular, el verbo siempre termina en -s:

he wants, she needs, he gives, she thinks.
CEPS UNI MISS: Ftima Atoche
Para las formas negativa e interrogativa, se emplea DOES (= tercera persona del auxiliar 'DO') + el
infinitivo del verbo.
He wants ice cream. Does he want strawberry? He does not want vanilla.
Verbos que terminan en -y : en la tercera persona del singular, se cambia la -y por -ies:
fly --> flies, cry --> cries
Excepcin: cuando una vocal precede a la -y:
play --> plays, pray --> prays
Aadimos -es a los verbos que terminan en:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch:
he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes

EJEMPLOS

He goes to school every morning.

She understands English.
It mixes the sand and the water.
He tries very hard.
She enjoys playing the piano.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS OR PRESENT PROGRESSIVE ING

Para formar el presente continuo se utiliza el verbo auxiliar to be y el verbo+ing.

Subject + Auxiliar (to be) + Verbo-ing + Complement

I. El presente continuo se utiliza para hablar sobre algo que est pasando en el momento en el que hablamos.

1. Im studying now. (Estoy estudiando ahora.)

2. Hes eating at the moment. (Est comiendo en este momento.)
3. Look! Its raining! (mira, esta lloviendo!)

II. Tambin lo usamos para hablar de algo que est sucediendo en la actualidad pero no necesariamente cuando
hablamos. En este caso, se utilizan expresiones de tiempo como currently, lately o these days.

1. Theyre learning English. (Estn aprendiendo ingls.)

2. Shes currently looking for a job. (Actualmente est buscando un trabajo.)
3. Are you working much lately? (Ests trabajando mucho ltimamente?)

III. Usamos el presente continuo para hablar de algo que est ya decidido que se har en el futuro prximo. Su
uso indica que es bastante seguro que lo planificado suceder. Ejemplos:

1. Im going to the party tonight. (Voy a la fiesta esta noche.)

2. Hes not [He isnt] coming to class tomorrow. (No viene a la clase manaa.)
3. Are you working next week? (Trabajas la semana que viene?)

PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS

SIMPLE PAST WAS- WERE

To be en presente significa "ser" o "estar" dependiendo del contexto de la frase, aunque tambin adopta otros
significados:
CEPS UNI MISS: Ftima Atoche
1. indicar nuestra edad I was 14 years-old in 1999 (en 1999 yo tena 14 aos )
2. expresar cmo nos sentimos We were hungry (tenamos hambre), I was happy (yo era feliz)
3. hablar del tiempo It was cold yesterday (ayer haca/ hizo fro)
4. decir la hora It was ten when she arrived home (eran las diez cuando ella lleg a casa)
5. describir sitios y decir dnde estn las cosas, acompaando a "there" (significa haba):

- There was a man at the door (haba un hombre en la puerta)

- There were many trees in the garden (haba muchos rboles en el jardn)

PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS

What's the difference between the Present Simple / Present Continuous and how to use them?

We use the present simple tense when we want to talk about fixed habits or routines things that dont change.

We use the present continuous to talk about actions which are happening at the present moment, but will soon
finish.

Compare these two statements:

(present simple) I play tennis. (present continuous/ progressive) I am playing tennis.

I. PRESENT SIMPLE: I play tennis tells us that playing tennis is something the speaker always does. It is
part of a routine or habit. We can call this a permanent situation.

II. PRESENT CONTINUOUS/ PROGRESSIVE: I am playing tennis tells us that the speaker is playing tennis
right now. Soon the game will be over. We call this a temporary situation.

With the present simple we use these frequency adverbs: (Notice that the adverb comes before the main verb in
the sentence.)

1. Always: I always read before I go to bed.

2. Often: Her sister often comes shopping with us.
3. Frequently:Michael frequently visits his family.
4. Sometimes:You sometimes go to the gym, dont you?
5. Occasionally:It occasionally rains in summer.
6. Seldom:They seldom ask for help.
7. Rarely: He rarely goes out without his backpack.
8. Hardly ever:I hardly ever eat pizza.
9. Never: Japanese people never wear shoes inside.

We use with the Present Continuous Time Expressions: (Notice that the time expression can come at the start or
at the end of the sentence.)

1. At the moment: Im watching TV, at the moment.

2. These days: Pauls living in Cardiff, these days.
3. Now: What are you doing, now?
4. Nowadays: I think you are smoking too much, nowadays.
CEPS UNI MISS: Ftima Atoche

SIMPLE PAST DID

El "simple past" se utiliza para hablar de una accin que concluy en un tiempo anterior al actual. La duracin
no es relevante. El tiempo en que se sita la accin puede ser el pasado reciente o un pasado lejano.

1. John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.

2. My father died last year.
3. He lived in Fiji in 1976.
4. We crossed the Channel yesterday.

Siempre se utiliza el "simple past" para referirse a cundo ocurri algo, de modo que va asociado a ciertas
expresiones temporales que indican:

Frecuencia : often, sometimes, always

I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.
I often brought my lunch to school.
Tiempo determinado: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago
We saw a good film last week.
Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.
She finished her work atseven o'clock
I went to the theatre last night
Tiempo indeterminado: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago People lived in caves a long time ago.
She played the piano when she was a child.
CEPS UNI MISS: Ftima Atoche
PAST CONTINUOUS OR PAST PROGRESSIVE

Subject + BE (WAS-WERE) + VERB-ING

The PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE indicates continuing action, something that was happening, going on, at
some point in the past. This tense is formed with the helping "to be" verb, in the past tense, plus the
present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending):

1. I was riding my bike all day yesterday.

2. Joel was being a terrible role model for his younger brother.

The past progressive indicates a limited duration of time and is thus a convenient way to indicate that
something took place (in the simple past) while something else was happening:

1. Carlos lost his watch while he was running.

2. Anthony was sleeping all night long.

I. As opposed to the simple past, which suggests a completed action:

1. I slept on the couch last night.

II. The past progressive is also used to poke fun at or criticize an action that is sporadic but habitual .

1. Tashonda was always handing in late papers.

2. My father was always lecturing my brother.
3. Jose called while I was watching the news.
4. He was walking to work when he fell. (Estaba caminando hacia su trabajo cuando se cay.)
5. Was it raining when you left? (Estaba lloviendo cuando te fuiste?)

III. To talk about past actions at specific time in the past.

1. Paula wasnt living in Spain in 2005.

2. We were still working at 10 oclock last night.

IV. To talk about a continuous past to actions that was happening at the same time.

1. My son was reading while I was cooking.

2. They were talking very loudly while we were trying to watch tthe movie.

PRESENT PERFECT

Subject +have/has + past participle verb + complement

El "present perfect" se emplea para sealar un vnculo entre el presente y el pasado. El tiempo en que transcurre
la accin es anterior al presente pero inespecfico y, a menudo, recae un mayor inters sobre el resultado que
sobre la propia accin.

EL "PRESENT PERFECT" SE UTILIZA PARA DESCRIBIR

1. Una accin o situacin iniciada en el pasado y que contina en el presente.

CEPS UNI MISS: Ftima Atoche
I have lived in Bristol since 1984 (= todava vivo all.)

2. Una accin realizada durante un periodo de tiempo an no concluido.

She has beento the cinema twice this week (= la semana todava no ha terminado.)

3. Una accin repetida en un periodo temporal inespecfico situado entre el pasado y el presente.

We have visited Portugal several times.

4. Una accin que ha concluido en un pasado muy reciente, lo que se indica mediante 'just'.

I have just finished my work.

5. Una accin para la cual no es importante el momento preciso en que aconteci.

He has read 'War and Peace'. (= lo relevante es el resultado de la accin)

ACCIONES INICIADAS EN EL PASADO Y QUE CONTINAN EN EL PRESENTE

1. They haven't lived here for years.

2. She has worked in the bank for five years.
3. We have had the same car for ten years.
4. Have you played the piano since you were a child?

CUANDO SE HACE REFERENCIA A UN PERIODO TEMPORAL INACABADO

1. I have worked hard this week.

2. It has rained a lot this year.
3. We haven't seen her today.

ACCIONES REITERADAS EN UN PERIODO INESPECFICO, ENTRE EL PASADO Y EL PRESENTE.

1. They have seen that film six times

2. It has happened several times already.
3. She has visited them frequently.
4. We have eaten at that restaurant many times.

ACCIONES CONCLUIDAS EN UN PASADO MUY RECIENTE (+JUST)

1. Have you just finished work?

2. I have just eaten.
3. We have just seen her.
4. Has he just left?

CUANDO LA DIMENSIN TEMPORAL NO ES RELEVANTE O CONOCIDA

1. Someone has eaten my soup!

2. Have you seen 'Gone with the Wind'?
3. She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English.
CEPS UNI MISS: Ftima Atoche

SIMPLE PAST OR PRESENT PERFECT?

Monica flew to London yesterday. As she had never travelled by plane before, she was a little nervous.

First she checked in, then she went to the gate. Finally the plane was ready for boarding and Monica got on
the plane.

She had already fastened her seatbelt when the flight attendants gave the safety demonstration.

After the flight attendants had completed the safety demonstration, the plane took off.

Se utiliza el pasado simple para acciones que han terminado en el pasado, incluso si han ocurrido en un pasado
reciente. Con el presente perfecto la accin est relacionada con el presente.

SIMPLE PAST:

1. Did you eat breakfast this morning? (Significa: La maana ya ha terminado.)

2. I had three exams this week. (Significa: Como en el ejemplo anterior, el uso del pasado simple significa
que esta semana acaba de terminar.)

PRESENT PERFECT:

1. Have you eaten breakfast yet this morning? (Significa: La maana an no ha terminado.)
2. I have had three exams already this week. (Significa: Como antes, el uso del presente perfecto implica que
esta semana an no ha terminado.)

Recuerda tambin que usamos el presente perfecto para acciones en un tiempo en el pasado no especfico. Si
quieres limitar el tiempo de las acciones en un perodo, podemos usar expresiones de tiempo como last year.

SIMPLE PAST:

1. I went to Cuba last year. (Fui a Cuba el ao pasado.)

2. They saw a movie yesterday. (Vieron una pelcula ayer.)

PRESENT PERFECT:

1. I have been to Cuba in the last year. (He estado en Cuba este ltimo ao.)
2. They have seen a movie. (Ellos han visto una pelicula.)
3. They have seen a movie yesterday.

Nota: Fjate en la diferencia entre los dos primeros ejemplos. En ambos, se usa la expresin de tiempo last year,
pero en el segundo ejemplo aadimos la preposicin in. En este caso, last year significa dentro de un perodo
de tiempo en que la accin ocurri, no es un tiempo especfico. Sin la preposicin in, last year implica un
tiempo especfico.
CEPS UNI MISS: Ftima Atoche

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS OR PROGRESSIVE

Subject + HAVE/HAS BEEN + VERB-ING + COMPLEMENT

I. Afirmativa: She has been / She's been running.

II. Negativa: She hasn't been running.
III. Interrogativa : Has she been running?
IV. Interrogativa negativa: Hasn't she been running?

FUNCIONES DEL "PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS"

El "present perfect continuous" se refiere a un periodo temporal inespecfico situado entre el pasado y el
presente. El hablante se refiere a algo que empez y que puede no haber concluido en ese periodo de tiempo. Le
interesa tanto el proceso como el resultado, y es posible que dicho proceso acabe de terminar o que an no haya
finalizado.

I. ACCIONES INICIADAS EN EL PASADO Y QUE CONTINAN OCURRIENDO EN EL PRESENTE

1. She has been waiting for you all day (= todava est esperando).
2. I've been working on this report since eight o'clock this morning (= todava no lo he terminado).
3. They have been travelling since last October (= todava no han vuelto).

II. ACCIONES QUE ACABAN DE CONCLUIR Y DE LAS QUE NOS INTERESAN SUS RESULTADOS

1. She has been cooking since last night (= y la comida preparada tiene un aspecto delicioso).
2. It's been raining (= y las calles an estn mojadas).
3. Someone's been eating my chips = Someone has been eating my chips (= quedan la mitad).

III. VERBOS SIN FORMAS PROGRESIVAS

CEPS UNI MISS: Ftima Atoche
Con verbos que no suelen utilizar la forma progresiva, empleamos el "present perfect". Por ejemplo: I've wanted
to visit China for years.

1. She's known Robert since she was a child.

2. I've hated that music since I first heard it.
3. I've heard a lot about you recently.
4. We've understood everything.
5. we've heard this morning.

PAST PERFECT

El "past perfect" hace referencia a un tiempo anterior al pasado reciente. Se emplea para sealar que
un evento ocurri antes que otro en el pasado. No importa cul de los eventos se mencione primero,
porque el tiempo verbal deja claro el orden temporal en que acontecieron. (haba)

Subject +HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE VERB + COMPLEMENT

1. John had gone out , when I arrived in the office.

2. I had saved my document, before the computer crashed.
3. When they arrived, we had already started cooking.
4. He was very tired because he hadn't slept well.

"PAST PERFECT" + JUST : 'Just' se utiliza con el "past perfect" para referirse a un evento acontecido
muy poco antes de otro evento situado en el pasado.

V. The train had just left when I arrived at the station.

VI. She had just left the room when the police arrived.

shing out when it started to rain.

CEPS UNI MISS: Ftima Atoche

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS OR PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

El "past perfect continuous" se corresponde con el "present perfect continuous" pero se refiere a un tiempo
anterior al pasado reciente. Como ocurre con el "present perfect continuous", nos interesa ms el proceso que el
resultado.

SUBJECT + HAD BEEN + VERB-ING + COMPLEMENT

1. Had you been waiting long before the taxi arrived?

2. We had been trying to open the door for five minutes when Jane found her key.
3. It had been raining hard for several hours and the streets were very wet.
4. Her friends had been thinking of calling the police when she walked in.

SIMPLE FUTURE WILL

SUBJECT + WILL + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT

I. Predecir un evento futuro: It will rain tomorrow.

II. Expresar una decisin espontnea: I'll pay for the tickets by credit card.
III. Para expresar voluntad o disposicin de hacer algo: I'll do the washing-up.

He'll carry your bag for you.

IV. En forma negativa, para expresar rechazo o falta de disposicin para hacer algo:

1. The baby won't eat his soup.

2. I won't leave until I've seen the manager!

V. Con "you", para dar rdenes: You will do exactly as I say.

VI. Formular una invitacin: Will you come to the dance with me? . Will you marry me?
CEPS UNI MISS: Ftima Atoche
FUTURE GOING TO

SUBJECT+ BE+ GOING TO + VERB + COMPLEMENT

1. He's going to be a brilliant politician.

2. I'm going to have a hard time falling asleep.
3. You're going to be sorry you said that.
4. Is it going to rain this afternoon?
5. Aren't they going to come to the party?

El "future going to" se usa para: Acciones que se ha planificado realizar en el futuro cercano.

1. He is going to sing tomorrow night .

2. I am going to see you tomorrow. ...
3. He is going to visit her next week. ...
4. They are going to eat out tonight. ...
5. She is going to leave for Europe on Monday. ...
6. She is going to wait me after the show. ...
7. I am going to get up early tomorrow. ...
8. It is going to rain today. ...

FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE

el "simple future" del verbo "to have" (will have) + el "past participle" del verbo principal

subject + will have+ past participle verb + Complement

CEPS UNI MISS: Ftima Atoche
Affirmative : Jon will have arrived - Negative : Jon won't have arrived

El "future perfect" se refiere a una accin que se completar en el futuro. Cuando empleamos este
tiempo verbal, estamos proyectndonos hacia el futuro y echando la vista atrs, hacia una accin
concluida en algn momento posterior al presente. La mayora de las veces, se emplea con expresiones
temporales.
1-I will have been here for six months on June 23rd.
2- By the time you read this I will have left.
3-You will have finished your report by this time next week.
4-Won't they have arrived by 5:00?
5-Will you have eaten when I pick you up?
6-I will have gone (Yo habr ido)
7-You will have gone (T habrs ido)
8-He will have gone (l habr ido)
9-She will have gone (Ella habr ido)
10-It will have gone (Eso habr ido)
11-We will have gone (Nosotros habremos ido)
12- You will have gone (Usted habr ido)

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS OR PROGRESSIVE

Subject+ WILL HAVE BEEN + VERB ING + COMPLEMENT

CEPS UNI MISS: Ftima Atoche

He will have been playing.

I will have been studying.

Al igual que el "future perfect", empleamos este tiempo verbal para proyectarnos hacia el futuro y echar la
vista atrs. El "future perfect continuous" se refiere a eventos o acciones inacabadas, situadas entre el
momento presente y un tiempo futuro. La mayora de las veces se acompaa de expresiones temporales.
(HABRA)

-I will have been waiting here for three hours by six o'clock.
-By 2001 I will have been living in London for sixteen years.
-When I finish this course, I will have been learning English for twenty years.
-Next year I will have been working here for four years.
-When I come at 6:00, will you have been practicing long?
-He'll have been preparing dinner for two hours.
-She will have been waiting for two days.
-Itll have been working properly.

CONDITIONALS
CEPS UNI MISS: Ftima Atoche
There are four main kinds of conditionals:

The Zero Conditional: (if + present simple, ... present simple)

1. If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.

2. If people eat too much, they get fat.
3.If you touch a fire, you get burned.
4. People die if they don't eat.
5. You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen.
6. Snakes bite if they are scared
7. If babies are hungry, they cry

The First Conditional: (if + present simple, ... will + infinitive)

1.If it rains tomorrow, we'll go to the cinema.

2. If it rains, I won't go to the park.
3. If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight.
4. If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes.
5. She'll be late if the train is delayed.
6. She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon.
7. If I see her, I'll tell her.

The Second Conditional: (if + past simple, ... would + infinitive)

1.If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.

2. She would travel all over the world if she were rich.
3. She would pass the exam if she ever studied. (She never studies, so this won't happen)

The Third Conditional (if + past perfect, ... would + have + past participle)

1.If I had gone to bed early, I would have caught the train.
2.If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't study and so she didn't
pass)
3. If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I did feel sick).
4. If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane
5. She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier
6. She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university
7. He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine

(Notice we can put 'if' at the beginning, or in the middle. It doesn't matter at all, but when you put the If at the
beginning you must put a comma , but If it goes in the middle no comma is used.)
CEPS UNI MISS: Ftima Atoche

THE PASSIVE VOICE

Pasiva Activa
"A Hard Day's Night" was written by the Beatles. The Beatles wrote "A Hard Day's Night".
The movie ET was directed by Spielber. Spielberg directed the movie ET.
This house was built by my father. My father built this house.

1.The passive voice is used frequently. (= nos interesa la voz pasiva, no quin la usa.)
2.The house was built in 1654. (= nos interesa la casa, no quin la construy.)
3. The road is being repaired. (= nos interesa la carretera, no quin la est arreglando.)
4. I noticed that a window had been left open.
5. Every year thousands of people are killed on our roads.
6. All the cookies have been eaten.
7. My car has been stolen!

Simple present The house is cleaned every day.

Present continuousThe house is being cleaned at the moment.
Simple pastThe house was cleaned yesterday
.Past continuousThe housewas being cleaned last week.
CEPS UNI MISS: Ftima Atoche
Present perfectThe househas been cleaned since you left.
Past perfectThe househad they arrived.
FutureThe house will be cleaned next week.
Future continuousThe housewill be being cleaned tomorrow.

LOOK AT THIS CHART:

SIGNAL WORDS

every day/ week/ weekend/ month/ year

every morning/ afternoon/ evening/ night
PRESENT SIMPLE every Monday/ Tuesday/ Wednesday/ .
always/ usually/ often/ sometimes/ hardly ever/
seldom/ rarely/ never/ occasionally/ scarcely
once/ twice/ three times a day/ week/ month/ year

now/ right now

at the moment
at present
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
these days
today
(Future meaning) tonight/ tomorrow/ this week
CEPS UNI MISS: Ftima Atoche

just/ already
yet
ever/ never
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE lately/ recently
for/ since
so far
always
how long

for/ since
how long
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS ever/ never
lately/ recently
all day/ week

yesterday
the day before yesterday
last week/ month/ year/Monday/Tuesday/ .
PAST SIMPLE ago
when
in (2010)
the other day

while
as
PAST CONTINUOUS
when
at (5 oclock) yesterday