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LIXIVIACION DE MINERALES
DE COBRE Y POLIMETALICOS
CAPITULO 1. INTRODUCCION
La hidrometalurgia se desarrolla en general en tres etapas
sucesivas:
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Mineral
Reduccin de Tamao
Lixiviacin
PLS Refino
Extraccin
Orgnico Cargado Orgnico Descargado
Stripping
Avance Spent
Electroobtencin
Ctados
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Malaquita : Cu2(OH)2CO3
Azurita : Cu3(OH)2(CO3)2
Cuprita : Cu2O
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Tenorita : CuO
Antlerita Cu 2 (OH ) 4 SO4
Chalcantita CuSO4 5 H 2O
Crisocola CuSiO3 2 H 2O
OXIDOS:
Disolucin de la Malaquita:
Disolucin de la Azurita:
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Disolucin de la Cuprita:
Cu 2O + 1 / 2O2 + 2 H 2 SO4 = 2CuSO4 + 2 H 2O
Disolucin de Tenorita:
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Calcosina : Cu 2 S
Covelina : CuS
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SULFUROS
Disolucin de la Calcopirita
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Diagrama Eh vs
pH para el
sistema Cu-S-O-
H2O, a 25C, en
el que se
muestran las
fases estables
de los sulfuros
de cobre.
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+1.0
Fe (OH)+
Fe +++
2
aq.
+0.8
o2
+0.6 H O
2
+0.4
Fe (OH)
Fe ++aq. 3
+0.2
Hidrorido Ferrico
0.0
-0.2 H O
2
H SIDERITA
2
-0.4 Fe Co3
2
Fe (OH)
aq.
-0.6
HFeO2
-0.8
-1.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
PH
28
+1.0
+0.8 O
2
HSO4 aq
H
+0.6 2O
+0.4
SO4+ aq
+0.2
S
-0.0
H S aq
2
-0.2
H
2O
-0.4 H
2
HS a
q
-0.6
-0.8
-1.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
pH
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1.2 Autotrophic
Bacteria
1.0 2+
Cu + Fe 2 O3
0.8 + HSO4 2+
Cu + Fe 2 O 3 + SO4
2-
SOLUTION
MINING
0.6 2-
2+
Cu + Fe
2 CuO + Fe2 O 3+ SO4
+HSO4- Cu 2(OH) 2CO 2
0.4 2+
Cu 2 S + Fe + HSO4
-
Eh
0.2 Cu S
+ Fe 2+ Cu Cu +
2 S+
+S
Cu F
2
Fe
2 O +
SO 2-
2 Fe O
2 3 + S 2-
O4
Diagrama
0.0 e
3
Cu +
Cu
Fe S +
S +
2 SO
4
Fe O
2 3 + S 2-
Pourbaix Cu-Fe-
2 H O4
2+
2S
CuF
eS
2 + SO 2-
S-H2O.
Cu 5 Fe S4 + Fe + H 2 S
-
CuFeS 2 + HS
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0
pH
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Calcopirita: CuFeS 2 + 4 Fe + + + Cu + + + 5 Fe + + 2 S
Calcosita: Cu 2 S + 4 Fe +3 2Cu + + + 4 Fe + + + S
Covelita: CuS + 2 Fe +3 Cu + + + 2 Fe + + + S o
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LIXIVIACION DE MINERALES
SULFURADOS DE COBRE
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VELOCIDADES DE REACCION DE
ESPECIES PURAS
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Material Aglomerado
Dr. Patricio Navarro Donoso - pnavarro@expo.intercade.org - Consultor Intercade
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Material Aglomerado
Dr. Patricio Navarro Donoso - pnavarro@expo.intercade.org - Consultor Intercade
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DOSIFICACION DE ACIDO
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DOSIFICACION DE AGUA
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LIXIVIACION EN BOTADEROS
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