2010 Edition Power Cables and Wires Technical Manual PDF

2010 Edition
Power Cables & Wires

Technical Manual
Through the initiative of:
International Copper Association South East Asia
Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc.

ISBN 978-971-93962-8-4
PREFACE
This book, Power Cables and Wires Technical Manual, was written to
address the need by consumers, specifiers, and purchasers to have a
ready reference guide in correctly specifying or ordering the appropriate
cables and/or wires that will satisfy their particular requirements.
Towards this purpose, a Cable/Wire Ordering Form, which appears in
Annex D, was developed so that the User will be able to indicate and
itemize his needs and give all data and information necessary for the
Wires and Cable Manufacturer or Supplier to be able to supply the wire
or cable that the User requires.
All components necessary for the construction of a cable or wire, from

the conductor to the insulator, are each discussed in this manual so as to
educate or inform the reader of its fundamental use or purpose to the
final product. Moreover, all the different types of material and their
characteristics have been identified and explained in this manual to
further elucidate the reader.
This publication was made possible through the initiative and support of
the International Copper Association South East Asia and the Institute
of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, who developed,
published and will propagate its use as reference.
Though conscientious efforts have been exerted to ensure the accuracy of

the information in this manual, comments regarding errors and omissions
are most welcome and highly appreciated. All suggestions will be
studied and considered for inclusion in this manuals next edition.
iii
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This Power Cables and Wires Technical Manual was developed into a
printed publication through the collaborative efforts among professional,
business and international organizations. In the course of the manuals
conceptualization, development and production, which spanned for more
than a year, several distinguished entities and individuals, have
generously lent their utmost participation, assistance, knowledge,
expertise and support towards the completion and publication of this
manual.
Special thanks are given to the Institute of Integrated Electrical

Engineers (IIEE) of the Philippines 2009 and 2010 Board of Governors,
headed by their Presidents, Engrs. Arthur N. Escalante and Gregorio Y.
Guevarra, respectively, for their insightful approval to engage the
Institute in this worthwhile project and sustaining the support until its
completion. Of course, all of this would not have been possible without
the initiative and patronage of the International Copper Association
South East Asia, whose representative in the Philippines is Mr. Jessie
Todoc. Further, we want to recognize the critical support, knowledge and
relevant materials contributed by the following Wires and Cables
Companies; Columbia, Phelps Dodge, Sycwin and Philflex. Moreover,
we would like to acknowledge the Bureau of Product Standards (BPS) of
the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) for the list of the existing
Philippine National Standards (PNS) on wires and cables.
Finally, eternal gratitude is given to the IIEE Adhoc Committee on Wires

and Cables, whose members are; Engr. Willington K. K. C. Tan, Engr.
Cesar Gatpo, Ms. Maritess Templonuevo and Engr. Ricardo Lopez Jr.,
who participated in the conceptualization and outline of the manual and
were instrumental in coming up with the Cable/Wire Ordering Form, and
whose indefatigable Chairman, Engr. Arthur A. Lopez, gave flesh to the
manual. Special mention is given to Engr. Feldimir Siao of MERALCO,
who conducted the review of the original manuscript and to Engr. Wilson
Yu for his valuable contributions.
Again, thank you very much.
v
vi
Table of Contents
Preface iii
Acknowledgement v
Table of Contents vii
Introduction 1
1 Material Consideration 1
1.1 Resistance and Conductivity 2
1.2 Weight 3
1.3 Amapacity 4
1.4 Voltage Regulation 4
1.5 Short Circuit 4
1.6 Other Factors 4
2 Wire/Cable Manufacturing Process 5
2.1 Drawing 6
2.2 Annealing 6
2.3 Stranding 6
2.4 Bunching 6
2.5 Extrusion 7
3 Conductor Size 7
4 Stranding 10
4.1 Concentric Stranding 10
4.2 Compressed Stranding 11
4.3 Compact Stranding 11
4.4 Bunch Stranding 13
4.5 Rope Stranding 13
4.6 Sector Conductors 13
4.7 Segmental Conductors 13
4.8 Annular Conductors 14
5 Physical and Mechanical Properties 14
5.1 Conductor Properties 14
5.2 Tempers of Conductors 15
5.3 Conductor Direct Current (DC) Resistance 16
5.4 Conductor AC Resistance 19
5.5 Cables in Magnetic Metal Conduit 21
5.6 Resistance at Higher Frequency 22
vii
6 Insulation 22
6.1 Elastomers 23
6.2 Plastics 27
6.3 Insulation Resistance 33
7 Cable Design and Construction 35
8 Low Voltage Wires and Cables 36
8.1 Building Wires 39
8.2 Secondary and Service Cables 44
9 Medium and High Voltage Wires and Cables 49
9.1 Bare Conductors 49
9.2 Covered Conductors 53
9.3 Insulated Cables 57
10 Installation of Wires and Cables 62
10.1 Maximum Allowable Tensions on Conductors 62
10.2 Sidewall Pressure 68
10.3 Bending Radius 69
11 Packaging 72
12 Cable/Wire Application 72
13 Cable Installation Method 72
14 Color Coding 72
15 Reference Standards 73
16 Storage 73
17 Available Cable Handling Equipment at Site 75
18 Safeguards for Installing Wires and Cables in
Conduit 75
18.1 Before Pulling Wire/Cable 76
18.2 While Pulling Wire/Cable 76
18.3 After Pulling Wire/Cable 76
19 Safeguard for Switchboard and Similar Open
Wiring 76
20 Wire/Cable Ordering Form 77
Annexes 79
Annex A 81
Annex B 157
Annex C 165
Annex D 171
Bibliography 173
viii
Power Cables & Wires Technical Manual
INTRODUCTION
One of the fundamental concerns of electrical engineering is the

transmission and distribution of electricity to its final utilization in a
manner that is safe, efficient and economical. The choice of conductor
material including size and design takes into consideration the operating
voltage, ampacity, mechanical properties, type of installation and overall
cost.
Electric wires and cables come in a wide variety of types and

construction. It usually consists of a low resistance conductor to
properly transmit electric current. They can be classified in various
ways depending on the factors being considered such as the material,
degree of insulation, service, or voltage application.
The aim of this manual is to provide sufficient information on the types

of wires and cables available in the market including its intended
application in order for the reader to make an intelligent selection. At
the end section of this manual, more detailed information are included
on the types and applications of wires and cables that an electrical
practitioner would generally need.
1. MATERIAL CONSIDERATIONS
There are several high conductivity metals that may be used as

conductor. A conductor is a metallic material which allows electric
current to flow through it with less resistance. Table 1 ranked these
metals according to resistivity at 20C.
The best conductor material is silver but due to its high cost per unit
weight and being one of the precious metals, it is not economical to
use in the transmission and distribution of electricity. Comparatively,
gold with its excellent corrosion resistance and lower resistivity than
aluminum is also a good conductor but, same as silver, is very costly.
Thus, these metals i.e., silver and gold are only used in electrical
applications where low resistivity and corrosion resistance is of utmost
importance such as electrical contacts.
1
Copper with its inherent lower resistivity than aluminum is the preferred
conductor on certain applications. It is malleable and ductile. Also, it
has a relatively higher tensile strength and easily soldered. However, it
is more expensive and heavier than aluminum.
Table 1. Resistivity of Metals at 20C

Metal Ohm-mm2/m
Silver 1.59108
Copper 1.68108
Gold 2.44108
Aluminium 2.82108
Tungsten 5.60108
Zinc 5.90108
Nickel 6.99108
Iron 1.0107
Platinum 1.06107
Tin 1.09107
1.1 Resistance and Conductivity
Resistance is the opposition of an object to the passage of electric

current. For direct current, resistance is dependent on the material
length, cross-sectional area and resistivity. The electrical resistance
of a conductor is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area or
diameter of a conductor i.e., the larger the conductor the less
resistance it has to the flow of current. Conductivity, on the other
hand, is the complete opposite of resistance.
Compared with copper, aluminum has a number of technical

disadvantages, all of which can be satisfactorily overcome to
benefit from its economic attraction. The advantage of its lower
density (about one-third that of copper) is partly offset by its low
conductivity of just 61% that of copper. Thus, an aluminum
conductor must have a cross-sectional area about 1.6 times that of
copper conductor to have the equivalent dc resistance. Such
difference is approximately equal to two sizes higher (i.e., in AWG).
2
The grade and quality of copper is very important and the high
conductivity copper used for electrical purposes comfortably exceeds
the 100% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard)
value. Conductivity is greatly influenced by impurities and by
mechanical working. Consequently, the purity is of the order of
99.99%, which nowadays is obtained by final electrolytic
refining. Fortunately, the mechanical strength of annealed copper
wire is adequate for nearly all types of insulated cable. If any minor
working of the material occurs during conductor manufacture, e.g. in
compacting to reduce the overall dimensions, allowance has to be
made for work hardening by increasing the copper volume to
compensate for the reduction in conductance. In an extreme case,
such as the use of hard drawn copper for self-supporting overhead
lines, this may amount to as much as 3%. Copper is invariably used
in the annealed condition except for the conductors of self-
supporting overhead cables. Solid aluminum conductors are also
mainly in a soft condition but stranded aluminum conductors are
H (hard) to H.
1.2 Weight
Although aluminum has only about sixty-one percent (61%) of the

conductivity of copper, its lightness makes long spans possible.
Aluminums low density is one of its important advantages. Also, its
relatively large diameter for a given conductivity reduces corona
(the discharge of electricity from the wire when it has a high
potential), which contributes to the losses of the wire. This makes
aluminum ideal for the transmission of high voltage power over long
distances. However, due to aluminums relatively low tensile
strength, the aluminum conductors are usually cabled around a steel
support wire to improve the total tensile strength of the cable. This
enables the relatively expensive transmission towers to be spaced
further apart without the wire sagging too much. Electrical
transmission lines are the largest users of aluminum wire products. In
fact, this is the one market in which aluminum has virtually no
competition from other metals.
However, the relatively large size of aluminum for a given

conductance does not permit the economical use of an insulation
3
covering. Hence, low voltage household, office, and factory

electric wires and cables are usually copper, which also does not
have the corrosion problems common to aluminum wires. In
fact, copper has been unchallenged as a conductor for all types of
insulated cables for well over seventy (70) years.
1.3 Ampacity
In general, current ratings of aluminum cables are about 78%-80% of

those of copper cables of the same conductor size. An aluminum
cable needs to be thicker than a copper cable in order to have the
same current carrying capacity.
1.4 Voltage Regulation
Reactance is negligible in all DC circuits and, in AC circuits with

small conductors of sizes equal to or less than 60 mm2. Voltage
drops for a copper conductor and an aluminum conductor with 1.6
times the cross-sectional area would be the same. However, in AC
circuits with large conductors, the resistance value is influenced by
skin and proximity effect, and the reactance becomes important.
1.5 Short Circuit
Copper conductors have higher capabilities in short circuit

operations than aluminum conductors. However, for covered and
insulated conductors the thermal limitations of the materials which
form part of conductor should be considered before making such
comparison.
1.6 Other Factors
Aluminum oxidizes rapidly when exposed to air, a thin corrosion

resistance film having a high dielectric strength forms quickly. Thus,
additional care must be taken when making connections. Material of
terminal connections should be taken into consideration since this
could corrode the aluminum conductor. Also, when a combination of
copper and aluminum conductors are to be connected together,
special technique or connectors are required to have a reliable
connection.
4
Small strands of aluminum conductor have lower bending tolerance

that these are not used in generating stations, substations or portable
cables. When there are space limitations, copper cables are the
suitable choice since aluminum cables are larger in size for the same
current carrying capacity.
Economics does play a vital consideration in the choice of conductor

but should include the other overlying cost involved to complete an
installation.
2. WIRE/CABLE MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Copper and aluminum rods undergo several stages of processing before

they become wires or cables. Below is a flowchart of the wire/cable
manufacturing process.
Bare solid hard
drawn wire (1)
Insulated solid hard
Extrusion drawn wire (1 & 4)
(4)
Insulated stranded hard
drawn wire (1, 3, 4)
Drawing Stranding/
Bare stranded hard
(1) Bunching drawn wire (1 & 3)
(3)
Annealing Stranding/
Bunching Bare stranded soft
(2) drawn wire (1, 2 & 3)
(3)
Bare solid soft drawn

wire (1 & 2)
Extrusion
Insulated stranded soft
(4) drawn wire (1, 2, 3 & 4)
Figure 1: Wire Manufacturing Process
5
2.1 Drawing
Drawing is the process of pulling the copper or aluminum rods or

wires at normal temperature through a die to reduce the cross-
sectional area in order to get the desired dimension. The wire is
deformed due to the tapering of the die and the force exerted during
pulling.
2.2 Annealing
Annealing is the process of softening the temper of the wire and

improving its cold working properties and machinability through
sustained heating at a pre-determined temperature followed by
cooling at a defined rate. There are many ways of annealing a wire;
the most common practices in annealing copper is the continuous
strand or resistance annealing wherein annealing is done by
means of a machine placed between the final capstan of a drawing
machine and the spooler so that the wire is drawn, annealed and
spooled in one operation.
2.3 Stranding
Stranding is the process where a number of hard or soft wires are laid
together geometrically in such a way that each wire holds its place in
the strand all throughout the entire length. Generally, the number of
wires in a strand is 7, 19, 37, 61, and could reach up to 91, 127 or
168 depending on the desired size or cross-sectional area of
the stranded wire. The lay of multi-layered stranded wires are laid
in opposite direction alternately in its succeeding lay with the
outermost generally being left-handed.
2.4 Bunching
Bunching is similar to the stranding process except that all individual

wires are twisted uniformly in the same direction without regard for
geometrical arrangement. It provides a more flexible
conductor than a single strand. A number of bunches twisted together
in the same direction and in uniform manner is called a compound
6
bunch. A number of bunches twisted together so that each bunch,

except the central one, has a helical form of pre-determined lay ratio
is a stranded bunch. A number of stranded bunches twisted together
so that each stranded bunch, except the central one, has a helical
form of pre-determined ratio is called a compound strand bunch.
2.5 Extrusion
Extrusion is the process where an insulation material is

continuously coated or applied around the conductor as it passes
through a die in the head of an extruding machine. The insulation
material in form of pellets, dice and the likes (can be plastic, nylon,
rubber, etc.) are placed in a hopper that is situated over a barrel in
which a screw revolves. The insulation material softens as it feeds
inside the heated extruder barrel then melted out over the core
material through the screw which forces the material along the barrel
and compresses it at the same time to convert the material into fluid
mass. The conductor emerges from the tip of the core with the
material stream inside the extruder head and the insulation is
formed to the required size and shape as the insulated conductor
passes through the die.
3. CONDUCTOR SIZES
Similar to most industries, standards for measuring conductor sizes had

been developed. A conductors size is usually specified based on the
conductors cross-sectional area or its diameter. Conductor sizes are
usually identified in accordance with either of the two predominant wire
sizes, the American Wire Gauge (AWG) which is originally known as
Brown and Sharpe gauge (B&S) or the Metric Wire Gauge (MWG),
which is the international standard (SI or IEC).
The American Wire Gauge (AWG) is used predominantly in the United

States of America (USA). The diameter of AWG No. 4/0 is 0.46 inch and
the diameter of the AWG No. 36 is 0.005 inch. The other 38 intermediate
sizes are governed by a geometric progression with the following
formula:
7
Thus, the ratio of any diameter to the next size is 1.122932.
The conductor diameter will approximately double after the next 6 AWG
sizes or it will be half after the next 6 lower sizes. For conductor sizes
larger than AWG No. 4/0, the size is expressed in circular mils which is
an arbitrary cross-sectional area of the conductor. It is computed by
multiplying the individual wire diameter in inches by 1,000, squaring the
result, and multiplying by the number of wires. Usually expressed in
kcmil (new term) or MCM (old term) which denotes thousand circular
mils.
The metric wire gauge is used by most countries in the world. It uses the
SI unit of square millimeters (mm2) to designate conductor size (i.e.,
cross-sectional area). However, the designated metric wire sizes are not
the precise sizes. IEC standard allows a variation of up to 20% in the
conductor area from the designated size.
In the Philippines, the wire sizes used are in metric but are, technically,
based on AWG sizes. That is, the nearest metric equivalents to the cross-
sectional area of the standard AWG sizes were adopted. Solid conductor
sizes are specified according to its diameter (mm), while stranded
conductor sizes are specified according to its cross-sectional area (mm2).
Table 2 shows the conversion table of the standard AWG sizes to their
metric equivalences.
A conductors size is directly proportional to its current carrying

capacity. Hence, the bigger the size of the conductor, the higher the
current it can carry or will be able to transmit for a given temperature.
Annex A shows the current carrying capacity of the various sizes of bare
and insulated, as well as, solid and stranded conductors according to their
application and method of installation.
For stranded conductors, the area is based on the sum of the cross-
sectional area of the individual strands. Stranding of conductors provide
the desired properties of flexibility, however, it also increases slightly
the overall diameter because of the small gaps between the strands.
Hence, a stranded conductor will always have a slightly larger overall
diameter than a solid conductor with the same size or gauge.
8
Table 2 - Conversion Table

(Nearest AWG/kcmil to mm2)
PEC (PNS) ASTM Metric (IEC)

mm2 (mm. dia.) AWG/kcmil mm2 (mm. dia.)
(mm. dia.)
SOLID
(1.6 mm) 14 (1.63mm)
(2.0 mm) 12 (2.05 mm)
(2.6 mm) 10 (2.59 mm)
(3.2 mm) 8 (3.26 mm)
STRANDED
2.0 (7 x 0.6 mm) 14 (7 x 0.615 mm) 2.5 (7 x 0.67 mm)
3.5 (7 x 0.8 mm) 12 (7 x 0.775 mm) 4.0 (7 x 0.85 mm)
5.5 (7 x 1.0 mm) 10 (7 x 0.978 mm) 6.0 (7 x 1.04 mm)
8.0 (7 x 1.2 mm) 8 (7 x 1.23 mm) 10 (7 x 1.35 mm)
14 (7 x 1.6 mm) 6 (7 x 1.56 mm) 16 (7 x 1.71 mm)
22 (7 x 2.0 mm) 4 (7 x 1.96 mm) 25 (7 x 2.13 mm)
30 (7 x 2.3 mm) 2 (7 x 2.47 mm) 35 (7 x 2.52 mm)
38 (19 x 2.3 mm) 1 (19 x 1.69 mm)
50 (19 x 1.8 mm) 1/0 (19 x 1.89 mm) 50 (19 x 1.8 mm)
60 (19 x 2.0 mm) 2/0 (19 x 2.13 mm)
80 (19 x 2.3 mm) 3/0 (19 x 2.39 mm) 70 (19 x 2.17 mm)
100 (19 x 2.6 mm) 4/0 (19 x 2.68 mm) 95 (19 x 2.52 mm)
125 (37 x 2.1 mm) 250 (37 x 2.09 mm) 120 (37 x 2.03 mm)
150 (37 x 2.3 mm) 300 (37 x 2.29 mm) 150 (37 x 2.3 mm)
350 (37 x 2.47 mm)
200 (37 x 2.6 mm) 400 (37 x 2.64 mm) 185 (37 x 2.52 mm)
450 (37 x 2.8 mm)
250 (61 x 2.3 mm) 500 (37 x 2.95 mm) 240 (61 x 2.44 mm)
325 (61 x 2.6 mm) 600 (61 x 2.52 mm) 300 (61 x 2.5 mm)
400 (61 x 2.9 mm) 750 (61 x 2.82 mm) 400 (61 x 2.9 mm)
500 (61 x 3.2 mm) 1000 (61 x 3.25 mm) 500 (61 x 3.2 mm)
9
4. STRANDING
The conductor material may be either solid or stranded. A solid

conductor is a single, solid strand of conductor for the whole length of
the wire, while a stranded conductor is composed of several strands of
conductor concentrically wounded together over the whole length of the
wire/cable. For the same cross-sectional area of a conductor, there are
diameter differences between solid and various types of stranded
conductors. This is an important consideration in the selection of
connectors and in the methods of splicing and terminating.
Large sizes of solid conductors are too rigid for many applications that
the solution would be to have smaller wires and strand them together to
form the conductor. There are several ways of stranding the wires
together which is dependent of the type and temper of the metal used.
The following subsections will discuss the most commonly used
stranding for copper conductors.
4.1 Concentric Stranding
This consists of a central wire or core surrounded

by one or more layer of hellically applied wires.
Each layer is applied in a direction opposite to
the layer underneath, except for unilay
construction wherein the layers are applied in the
same lay direction. Lay length is the distance
required to make one complete revolution of a
strand around the central conductor. Lay length Concentric Stranding
requirement based on the American Society of
Testing Materials (ASTM) standard is for neither it to be not less
than 8 times nor more than 16 times the overall diameter of that
layer.
For power cables, the

standard stranding is Class
B. The outermost layer
should be of a left hand lay
Left hand lay direction
which means that when you
go along the axis of the conductor the outermost layer of strands
should roll towards the left as they recede from the observer. More
10
flexibility is obtained by using small strands and increasing the

number of wires in the conductor. Class C has one more layer than
Class B, Class D has one more layer than Class C and so on. The
class designation goes up to M (those normally used for welding
cables).
4.2 Compressed Stranding
This construction slightly deforms the layers

to allow the layer being applied to close
tightly. The diameter of the conductor can be
reduced by up to 3% of the equivalent
concentric strand. There is no, however,
reduction in the conductor area. Compressed Stranding
4.3 Compact Stranding
This is similar to compressed stranding except

that additional forming is done to reduce the
conductor diameter typically by 9% less than
its equivalent concentric stranded conductor.
The resulting diameter is a near solid
conductor. Compact Stranding
11
Table 3 - Diameter for Stranded Copper and Aluminum Conductors

Nominal Diameters (mm)
Conductor Concentric Stranded Compressed Compact
Size Class B Class C
AWG
8 3.708 3.759 3.581 3.404
6 4.674 4.742 4.521 4.293
4 5.893 5.944 5.715 5.410
3 6.604 6.680 6.401 6.045
2 7.417 7.518 7.188 6.807
1 8.433 8.458 8.179 7.595
1/0 9.474 9.500 9.169 8.534
2/0 10.643 10.668 10.312 9.550
3/0 11.938 11.963 11.582 10.744
4/0 13.411 13.437 13.005 12.065
kcmil
250 14.605 14.630 14.173 13.208
300 16.002 16.027 15.519 14.478
350 17.297 17.297 16.789 15.646
400 18.491 18.517 17.932 16.739
450 19.609 19.634 19.025 17.780
500 20.650 20.701 20.041 18.694
550 21.717 21.717 21.057 19.685
600 22.682 22.682 21.996 20.650
650 23.597 23.622 22.885 21.463
700 24.486 24.511 23.749 22.276
750 25.349 25.375 24.587 23.063
800 26.187 26.213 25.400 23.825
900 27.762 27.762 26.949 25.375
1000 29.261 29.286 28.372 26.924
Notes:
1. Compressed and compact nominal diameters are based on concentric lay
stranded Class B construction.
2. The above diameters are based on ASTM specifications (converted into SI or
metric units).
12
4.4 Bunch Stranding
In this construction the conductor strands are

twisted together in the same direction without
any regard to the geometric arrangement.
Commonly used when very flexible wire is
required for small conductor sizes, such as Bunch Stranding
portable cables.
4.5 Rope Stranding
This is a combination of the concentric

conductor and a bunch stranded conductor.
The complete conductor is composed of a
number of groups of bunched or concentric
stranded conductors assembled concentrically
together. Rope Stranding
4.6 Sector Conductors
The cross-section of these conductors is

approximately the shape of a circles sector. A
multi-conductor insulated cable with three
sector conductor cables have three 120
segments that combine to form a circle as a
finished cable. This cable have smaller
Sector Conductor
diameter than the cable with round conductors.
Also, these cables have lower ac resistance due to a reduction of the
proximity effect.
4.7 Segmental Conductors
A segmental conductor is a round, stranded

conductor composed of three or four sectors
slightly insulated from one another. This
construction has the advantage of lower a-c
resistance due to less skin effect. Segmental Conductor
13
4.8 Annular Conductors
The round stranded conductors are laid around

a suitable core. The core is usually made
wholly or mostly of non-conducting material.
This construction has the advantage of lower
total a-c resistance for a given cross-sectional
area of conducting material by eliminating the Annular Conductor
greater skin effect at the center.
5. PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Although high conductivity is an important feature of a good conductor,

there are other factors that must be considered. Silver maybe the most
conductive material but high cost and lack of physical strength makes it
inappropriate for commercial usage as wire and cable. Thus, the
dominant metals used for wires and cables are copper and aluminum.
5.1 Conductor Properties
Copper and aluminum has its own advantageous and

disadvantageous characteristics that affect its use under varying
circumstances. A comparison o f s o m e o f the characteristics of
copper and aluminum is given in Table 4.
14
Table 4: Comparative Characteristics of Copper and Aluminum
o COPPER ALUMINUM
CHARACTERISTICS (20 C)
Ultimate Tensile Strength (MN/m2 )
soft temper 225 70-90
H to H 385 125-205
Hardness (DPHN)
soft 50 20-25
H to H 115 30-40
Weight for the same conductivity (kg.) 45.4 21.8
Cross section for the same conductivity
0.05 0.08
(mm2)
Weight Resistivity(Ohms-g/m2) 0.153280 0.076149
Volume Resistivity (Ohms- mm2/m) 0.017241 0.028172
o 0.00393 0.00404
Temperature Coefficient of Resistance ( C)
Thermal Conductivity (W/cm C) 3.8 2.4
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion per C 17.0 x 10-6 23.0 x 10-6
Density (kg/m3) 8890 2703
o 1,083 659
Melting Point ( C)
Modulus of Elasticity (MN/m2) 26 14
Stress Fatigue Endurance Limit
+/- 65 +/- 40
(approximate) (MN/m2)
5.2 Tempers of Conductors
Drawing copper or aluminum rods into a wire results in the

hardening of the finished wire. This causes a soft temper rod to
become a hard temper wire. It may be desirable to utilize a
conductor of softer temper in cable construction. This can be
achieved through an annealing process during or after wire drawing
or stranding.
Annealing consists of heating the conductor to elevated

temperatures for specific time periods. This is usually done in an
oven or by continuous resistance annealing at the drawing
machine.
Copper can be provided in three (3) tempers based on ASTM

standards. These tempers are soft or annealed, medium-hard and
hard-drawn. Soft or annealed is the most often used temper for
15
insulated conductors due to its flexibility. Medium hard-drawn and

hard-drawn tempers are most often used in overhead applications due
to their higher breaking strengths.
On the other hand, aluminum can be provided in five (5) tempers

based on ASTM standards as shown in the Table 5, below. Note
that the overlapping values showing the same conductor may
meet the temper requirements of two classifications.
Table 5 Tensile Strength of the Different Temper Classifications

of Aluminum
Classifications of 1350 Aluminum Tensile Strength

(in kg/cm2)
Full Soft (H-0) 597.6 to 984.3
Hard (H-12 or H-22) 843.7 to 1195.3
Hard (H-14 or H-24) 1054.7 to 1406.2
Hard (H-16 or H-26) 1195.3 to 1546.8
Full Hard (H-19) 1582 to 2039
Three quarters and full hard are the most common tempers used
with 1350 aluminum for insulated conductors. Full hard drawn
temper is most often used in overhead applications due its higher
breaking strengths.
5.3 Conductor Direct Current (DC) Resistance

The DC resistance (Rdc) of a conductor of uniform cross section can be
computed as:
where, l = length of the conductor, meters (m)

A= cross-sectional area of the conductor, square meters
(m2)
= (Greek: rho) electrical resistivity (also called specific
electrical resistance) of the material, ohm-meters (-m)
for copper is 1.678 x 10-8 -m at 20C
for aluminum is 2.65 x 10-8 -m at 20C
16
Since resistance is temperature dependent, conversion of a given

resistance at a specified temperature to another is given by these
formulas:
Copper: Aluminum:
where, R2 = conductor resistance at temperature T2 in C

R1 = conductor resistance at temperature T1 in C
These formulas are based on the resistance coefficient of copper

having 100% conductivity and aluminum having 61.2% conductivity
based on International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS).
17
Table 6 - DC Resistance in Ohms Per Kilometer at 25oC
Size Solid Concentric Lay Stranded

AWG or Copper Aluminum Copper Aluminum
kcmil *Uncoated *Uncoated Class B, C
Class B, C
8 2.099 3.444 2.139 3.510
6 1.322 2.168 1.348 2.214
4 0.830 1.361 0.846 1.391
3 0.659 1.079 0.672 1.102
2 0.552 0.856 0.531 0.872
1 0.413 0.679 0.423 0.692
1/0 0.328 0.538 0.335 0.551
2/0 0.260 0.426 0.266 0.436
3/0 0.207 0.338 0.211 0.344
4/0 0.164 0.269 0.167 0.274
250 0.228 0.141 0.232
300 0.190 0.118 0.194
350 0.162 0.101 0.166
400 0.142 0.088 0.145
450 0.126 0.079 0.129
500 0.114 0.071 0.116
550 0.064 0.105
600 0.059 0.097
650 0.054 0.089
700 0.051 0.083
750 0.047 0.077
800
900

0.044
0.039 0.072
0.064
1000 0.035 0.058
*Uncoated without tin or lead covering
The resistance values of the different conductor sizes in

Table 6 are applicable only when Direct Current (DC) is
flowing through the conductors.
18
5.4 Conductor AC Resistance
When Alternating Current (AC), at sixty Hertz (60 Hz), is flowing

through said conductors, the DC resistance values have to be
multiplied with the corresponding correction factor (Table 7) to
obtain the AC resistance values of the different conductor sizes.
Table 7 - Multiplying Factors for Converting D.C. to A.C.

Resistance
Multiplying Factor
For Non-metallic Sheathed For Metallic Sheathed
Size Cables in Air or Non- Cables or all Cables in
metallic Conduit Metallic Raceways
Copper Aluminum Copper Aluminum
Up to 3 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00
2 1.000 1.000 1.01 1.00
1 1.000 1.000 1.01 1.00
0 1.001 1.000 1.02 1.00
00 1.001 1.001 1.03 1.00
000 1.002 1.001 1.04 1.01
0000 1.004 1.002 1.05 1.01
250 1.005 1.002 1.06 1.02
300 1.006 1.003 1.07 1.02
350 1.009 1.004 1.08 1.03
400 1.011 1.005 1.10 1.04
500 1.018 1.007 1.13 1.06
600 1.025 1.010 1.16 1.08
700 1.034 1.013 1.19 1.11
750 1.039 1.015 1.21 1.12
800 1.044 1.017 1.22 1.14
1000 1.067 1.026 1.30 1.19
1250 1.102 1.040 1.41 1.27
1500 1.142 1.058 1.53 1.36
1750 1.185 1.079 1.67 1.46
2000 1.233 1.100 1.82 1.56
19
If a conductor is carrying high alternating current, the distribution of

the current is not evenly distributed throughout the cross-section
of the conductor. This is due to two independent effects known as
Skin Effect and Proximity Effect.
5.4.1 Skin effect

Skin Effect is a natural phenomena in wires wherein alternating
electric current (AC) tends to distribute itself within a conductor
so that the current density near the surface of the conductor is
greater than at its core. That is, the electric current tends to flow
at the skin of the conductor, at an average depth called the
skin depth. The skin effect causes the effective resistance of the
conductor to increase with the frequency of the current. The
higher the frequency the smaller is the skin depth. The skin
effect is due to eddy currents set up by the AC current. The
magnitude of the skin effect is influenced by the frequency, the
size of the conductor, the amount of current flowing, and the
diameter of the conductor.
Skin depth varies as the inverse square root of the conductivity
of the conductor material. This means that better conductors
have a reduced skin depth. The overall resistance of the better
conductor material is lower even though the skin depth is less.
This tends to reduce the difference in high frequency resistance
between metals of different conductivity. At 60 Hertz (Hz) in
copper, skin depth is about a centimeter. At higher frequencies,
skin depth is much smaller.
Likewise, skin depth also varies as the inverse square root of the
permeability (which is a macroscopic material property that
relates or is the ratio of the magnetic flux density to the strength
of the magnetic field that induces it) of the conductor material.
In the case of iron, its conductivity is about 1/7 that of copper.
Its permeability, however, is about 10,000 times greater. The
skin depth of iron is about 1/38 that of copper or about
220 micrometers at 60 Hz. Iron wire, therefore, is worthless as a
conductor at power line frequencies.
Methods to minimize skin effect include using specially woven

(braided) cable/wire and using hollow pipe-shaped conductors.
20
5.4.2 Proximity Effect
The Proximity Effect is associated with the magnetic fields of

two conductors, which are close together. If each carries a
current in the same direction, the halves of the conductor in
close proximity are cut by more magnetic flux than the remote
halves. Consequently, the current distribution is not even
throughout the cross-section, a greater proportion being carried
by the remote halves. If the currents are in opposite direction,
the halves in closer proximity carry the greater density of
current. In both cases, the overall effect results in an increase in
the effective resistance of the conductor. The proximity effect
decreases with the increase in the spacing between cables.
Skin and Proximity Effects can be ignored with small

conductors carrying low currents. They become increasingly
significant with larger conductors and it is often desirable for
technical and economic reasons to design the
conductors/cables to minimize them. Values of skin and
proximity effects can be computed based on the formulas
provided by IEC 60287-1-1.
5.5 Cables in Magnetic Metal Conduit
Due to excessive hysteresis and eddy currents, all phases of an AC

circuit should be installed in the same magnetic metal conduits.
Never install individual phases in separate metal conduits under any
circumstances due to the high inductance of such installation. Also,
separate phases should not pass through magnetic structures since
overheating would occur in such situation. All phases should pass
through a magnetic enclosure together in order that there will be a
cancellation of the resultant magnetic field. However, the proximity
of the magnetic material will increase the skin and proximity effect.
Thus, there can be significant losses when large conductors are near
magnetic materials.
Large cable sizes from 100 mm2 or larger should not be installed in
separate non-magnetic metal conduit due to the high circulating
currents in the conduit. The ampacity of the cables should be de-
rated in such condition.
21
5.6 Resistance at Higher Frequency
Ampacity and resistance of cables to be operated at frequencies

higher than 60 hertz should be corrected. The inductive reactance
increases at high frequencies which may affect the voltage drop.
Insulated conductors should not be installed in metallic conduits or
run close to magnetic materials.
The correction factor for the resistance at frequencies other than 60

hertz is provided as follows:
where, f = frequency in hertz

Rdc = conductor DC resistance at operating temperature
in Ohm/1000 ft
6. INSULATION
Insulation is that part of the cable or wire which is relied upon to

insulate the conductor from other conductors or conducting parts or
from ground. Insulating materials are usually classified according to the
temperature they are able to withstand. The applied insulation must
perform adequately in the specified temperature range and its dielectric
strength should be sufficient to sustain the electrical stresses.
There are many insulating materials used in producing the various

cables to deliver electric power depending on their temperature limits,
such as cotton, silk, paper, mica, glass fiber, asbestos, rubber, silicone
elastomer, etc. Sometimes insulating materials, such as cotton, silk and
paper are impregnated or coated with a dielectric liquid, such as oil, to
enhance their insulating capabilities.
22
Cable insulation should have the following properties:
1. High Dielectric strength

2. Low Dielectric Constant
3. Good mechanical capability
4. Resistance to ageing
5. High temperature withstandability
In recent times, synthetic polymers have replaced natural materials such

as paper, mineral oil and natural rubber for the insulation of wires/cables
and for the over-sheathing of cables. The range of polymers available is
extensive and variations in chemical composition enable specific
mechanical, electrical and thermal properties to be obtained. Where
appropriate, these properties may be further modified by the addition of
specific fillers, plasticizers, softness extenders, colorants, antioxidants
and many other ingredients.
In the cable industry, the term polymeric material is taken to signify

polymers which are rubbers or plastics. Rubbers are considered to be
solid materials, with elastic properties, which are made from latex
derived from living plants or synthetically and used in the
manufacture of rubber products. Plastics, on the other hand, are
materials based on synthetic or modified natural polymers which at
some stage of manufacture can be formed to shape by flow, aided in
many cases by heat and pressure. These two material groups are the
dominant means of insulating wires and cables.
6.1 Elastomers
An elastomer is a material which returns rapidly to approximately its

initial shape after substantial deformation at room temperature by a
weak stress and release of that stress. In cable technology, the terms
rubber and elastomer are used synonymously and
interchangeably, although rubber to some implies natural rubber.
Elastomeric materials are used for insulation and sheaths. They are
applied mainly where the product has to be particularly flexible. A
wide range of elastomers are nowadays available to the cable
industry. This makes possible the manufacture of compounds
with specific properties, such as abrasion and oil resistance,
23
weather and heat resistance, and flame resistance, combined with

good electrical and mechanical characteristics.
The classical elastomeric material, natural rubber (NR), was the

first insulation to be used in the manufacture of electric cable. Its use
as an insulation has been declining in recent years. Rubber gave way
to other insulating materials like impregnated paper, PVC, XLPE,
etc. Rubber, though, is still considered the preferred
insulation for flexible cables and cables where very small bending
diameter is desired. Rubbers for cable insulation and sheath,
whether natural or synthetic, are normally crosslinked.
In place of rubber, synthetic elastomers produced by the co-

polymerization of ethylene and propylene, are constantly finding
new areas of application in cable engineering. These co-
polymers are generally known as Ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR).
Because of its superior performance, with suitability for continuous
operation at 90C, EPR has gradually displaced butyl rubber for
insulation and is now being considered as over sheath material for
cable.
Polychloroprene (PCP), otherwise known as neoprene, was the first

commercial synthetic rubber. It has rarely been used by itself for
insulation but is often used blended with natural rubber. Its major
use is as a very tough flexible sheathing material.
Polychloroprene compounds have good abrasion and tear
resistance together with good resistance to swelling and to chemical
attack by a wide range of natural oils and aliphatic hydrocarbons.
They do not normally support combustion
Chlorosulphonated polyethylene rubber (CSP, CSM) have

superior electrical properties to compounds based on PCP and are
particularly advantageous for insulation and sheathing which is
required to be oil resistant. CSP also has good resistance to ozone
and weathering. When blended with EVA or EPR and filled with a
suitable carbon black, CSP compounds provide a strippable
dielectric screening material for XLPE and EPR cables in the 10-
30kV range.
24
Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR/PVC blends) is the

product of the co-polymerization of acrylonitrile with butadiene.
This range of polymers is characterized by good oil resistance. The
addition of PVC improves resistance to ozone, weathering and
abrasion. By suitable choice of plasticizers, improved
processability and flame retardance are also obtained. These
materials are used solely for sheathing.
Fluorocarbon rubbers find application for sheathing where very

good resistance to oils is required at high temperatures. The best
known material is a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and
hexafluoropropylene (Viton).
Ethylene-acrylic elastomers (EMA) are heat- and oil-resistant

non-halogen synthetic rubbers which can be compounded to
resist ignition in the presence of flame and have low smoke
generation when burned. They are suitable for service
temperatures of 40-170C.
Silicone rubber is a material made from silicon and oxygen noted for
high heat resistance. This is very soft thermoset insulation extremely
flexible and fire resistant. It has excellent electrical properties plus
ozone and resistance, low moisture absorption, weather resistance,
and radiation resistance. It typically has low mechanical strength and
poor scratch resistance.
Table 8 shows the properties of thermoset insulation and jacket

materials
25
Table 8: Properties of Thermoset Insulation and Jacket Materials
BUTADIENE NITRILE (NBR)
NITRILE//POLYCHLORIDE
POLYETHYLENE (XLPE)
ETHYLENE PROPYLENE
POLYETHYLENE (CSPE)
CHLOROSULFONATED
POLYETHYLENE (CPE)
STYRENE BUTADIENE
SYNTHETIC RUBBER
NITRILE OR RUBBER
NATURAL RUBBER
INSULATION OR
SILICONE RUBBER
POLY BUTADIENE
JACKET
CROSS-LINKED
CHLORINATED
RUBBER (SBR)
RUBBER (EPR)
MATERIAL
NEOPRENE
(NBR/PVC)
HYPALON
Oxidation Resistance F F G G G E F E E E E E
Heat Resistance F-G F F F G E G G E G E O
Oil Resistance P P P P G G G-E G P G G-E F-G
Low Temp. Flexibility F-G G E E F-G F F F G-E O F O
Weather, Sun
F F F F G E F-G G E G E O
Resistance
Ozone Resistance P P P P G E P G E G G-E O
Abrasion Resistance G-E E E E G-E G G-E E G F-G G-E P
Electrical Properties E E E E P G P F E E F-G O
Flame Resistance P P P P G G P G P P G O
Nuclear Radiation
F-G F-G F-G P F-G E F-G P G E G E
Resistance
Water Resistance G-E G-E E E E E G-E E G-E G-E G-E G-E
Acid Resistance F-G F-G F-G F-G G E G G G-E G-E E F-G
Alkali Resistance F-G F-G F-G F-G G E F-G G G-E G-E E F-G
Gasoline, Kerosene,
Etc. (Aliphatic
P P P P G F E G-E P F F P-F
Hydrocarbons)
Resistance
Benzol, Toluol, Etc.

(Aromatic
P P P P P-F F G G F F F P
Hydrocarbons)
Resistance
Degreaser Solvents
(Halogenated
P P P P P P-F P G P F P P-G
Hydrocarbons)
Resistance
Alcohol Resistance F G G F-G F G E G P E G-E G
P = Poor F = Fair G = Good E = Excellent O = Outstanding
26
6.2 Plastics
Plastics may be further divided into thermoplastics and thermosets.

A thermoplastic is a material in which the molecules are held
together by physical rather than chemical bonds. This means that
once the material is above its melting point it can flow. The process
is reversible and upon cooling the material hardens. The molecules
in a thermoset are held together by chemical bonds which are not
easily broken. This means that on heating the polymer does not
soften sufficiently to be reshaped. Typical examples are crosslinked
polyethylene (XLPE) and elastomers. Unlike thermoplastics,
thermosets are insoluble and infusible, i.e. it will not fuse together.
Many thermoplastics may be converted to thermosets by appropriate
treatment to induce crosslinking, e.g. by the addition of a suitable
chemical crosslinking agent or by irradiation.
6.2.1 Thermoplastics
Thermoplastics are the most popular insulating materials for low

voltage wires and cables due to lower in cost and lighter weight.
Some of the most popularly used are discuss below.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Polyvinyl Chloride, also called vinyl, is a thermoplastic material

introduced in 1932. Since then, PVC has become the standard
insulation used on wires and cables rated at 1000 volts or less.
Vinyl compounds are mechanical mixtures of PVC resin,
plasticizers, fillers, stabilizers, and modifiers. The quantity and
type of each ingredient determines the final properties of the
compound.
PVC compounds can be formatted to provide a broad range of

properties from the standpoint of electrical, physical and
chemical characteristics. However, in achieving superiority in
one property, the other properties are usually compromised. The
goal, therefore, is to optimize the critical property or properties
without allowing secondary properties to fall below acceptable
levels.
27
PVC has a high dielectric strength and good insulation

resistance. It is inherently tough and resistant to flame, moisture
and abrasion. Resistance to ozone, acids, alkalis, alcohols, and
most solvents are also adequate. PVC compounds can be made
resistant to oils and gasoline. Its temperature ratings range from
60C to 105C based on basic formulation.
Disadvantage of PVC include a relatively high dielectric

constant and dissipation factor. Plasticizer loss through
evaporation or leeching eventually may cause embrittlement and
cracking. PVC compounds significantly stiffen as temperatures
decline, and are not generally recommended for uses which
require flexing below -10C. However, special formulations
have been developed which will allow flexing to up to -40C.
Polyethylene
Polyethylene is a long chain hydrocarbon thermoplastic material

which is produced by the polymerization of ethylene gas under
high or low pressure. PE is popular because of its relatively low
price, processability, resistance to chemicals and moisture,
electrical properties, and low temperature flexibility. PE is
produced in low, linear low, medium, and high densities. As the
density increases, so does the hardness, yield strength, stiffness,
heat, and chemical resistance.
PEs electrical properties are excellent. Typical values for a

natural, unfilled insulation compound include a volume
resistivity of greater than 1016 ohm-cm, a dielectric constant of
2.3, a dissipation factor of 0.0002, and a water absorption of less
than 0.1%. However, if PE cables are exposed to sunlight,
carbon black or a suitable inhibitor is added to screen out ultra-
violet (UV) radiation. UV radiation can degrade both the
physical and electrical properties of the insulation.
A disadvantage of PE is that, like most plastics, it is susceptible

to degradation from treeing when it is subjected, to high
electrical stress. Treeing is a phenomenon occurring within the
cable, when subjected to medium to high voltages, wherein the
28
breakdown of the insulation due to ionization occurs through the

formation of carbonaceous fronds on the insulation due to the
presence of water or voids during the extrusion of the insulation
material at cable construction. The carbonaceous paths start at an
almost imperceptible carbon core, generally at the conductor
surface, and gradually spread outwards through the insulation,
increasing in width and complexity as progression takes place.
Corona discharges and treeing may lead to premature cable
failure.
Polypropylene
Polypropylene is a thermoplastic insulating compound with

characteristics similar to high density polyethylene with
improved heat resistance, tensile strength, and abrasion
resistance. Polypropylene also has a lower specific gravity and
lower dielectric constant than polyethylene. Polypropylene has
good impact strength, low moisture absorption, excellent
chemical resistance, high creepage resistance, and is useful in
high frequency applications. It retains these excellent properties
in cellular constructions. Typically, it is harder than
polyethylene. This makes it suitable for thin wall insulations.
Polyurethane
Polyurethane is a broad class of polymers noted for good

abrasion and solvent resistance which can be in solid or cellular
form. This thermoplastic material is used primarily as a cable
jacket material. It has excellent oxidation, oil, and ozone
resistance. Some formulations also have good flame resistance. It
is a hard material with excellent abrasion resistance. It has
outstanding "memory" properties, making it an ideal jacket
material for retractile cords.
Teflon
Teflon is an extremely reliable high temperature, low voltage

insulation often chosen for its non-aging characteristics, thin
wall insulating capability, resistance to chemicals and abrasion
resistance. Also, important is its low dielectric constant and low
29
power factor. There are two (2) types-Tetrafluorethylene TFE,

and Fluorinatedethylenepropylene FEP. Teflon is not damaged
by normal soldering operations. It is not suitable when subjected
to nuclear radiation and does not have good high voltage
characteristics.TFE insulation in tape form (often fused) is
widely used and can be provided in very long lengths. Type FEP
can be extruded in long, continuous lengths and is readily color
coded for use in control and instrumentation cables.
Tefzel
Tefzel ETFE is a melt processible fluorocarbon thermoplastic

combining many of the desirable properties of Teflon and Kynar
rated at 150C. Mechanically it is tough with excellent flex life,
impact, cut-through, abrasion and weather resistant. Electrically
it is an excellent low loss dielectric and has outstanding electrical
properties. It is inert to most solvents and chemicals and is
hydrolytically stable. Like irradiated polyethylene, it has
excellent resistance to high-energy radiation.
Table 9 shows the properties of thermoplastic insulation and

jacket materials.
30
Table 9: Properties of Thermoplastic Insulation and Jacket Materials
POLYPROPYLENE
POLYPROPYLENE
POLYUTETHANE
CHLORIDE (PVC)
POLYTHYLENE
POLYTHYLENE
POLYTHYLENE
HIGH-DENSITY
TEFZEL (ETFE)
LOW-DENSITY
TEFLON (TPE)
INSULATION OR
TEFLON (FEP)
POLYVINYL
JACKET
CELLULAR
CELLULAR
MATERIAL
NYLON
CPE
Oxidation Resistance E E E E E E E E E O O E
Heat Resistance G-E G G E E E G E E O O E
Oil Resistance F G-E G G-E F F E E E O E-O E
Low Temp.
P-G E E E P P G G E O O E
Flexibility
Weather, Sun
G-E E E E E E G E E O O E
Resistance
Ozone Resistance E E E E E E E E E E O E
Abrasion Resistance F-G G F E F-G F-G O E E-O E O E
Electrical Properties F-G E E E E E P P E E E E
Flame Resistance E P P P P P P P E O E G
Nuclear Radiation
F G-E G G-E F F G F-G O P-G P E
Resistance
Water Resistance F-G E E E E E P-G P-F O E E E
Acid Resistance G-E G-E G-E E E E F P-E E E E E
Alkali Resistance G-E G-E G-E E E E F E E E E E
Gasoline, Kerosene,
Etc. (Aliphatic
P G-E G G-E P-F P P-G G E E E E
Hydrocarbons)
Resistance
Benzol, Toluol, Etc.
(Aromatic
P-F P P P P-F P P-G G G-E E E E
Hydrocarbons)
Resistance
Degreaser Solvents
(Halogenated
P-F G G G P P P-G G E E E E
Hydrocarbons)
Resistance
Alcohol Resistance G-E E E E E E P-G P E E E E
P = Poor F = Fair G = Good E = Excellent O = Outstanding
31
6.2.2 Thermosetting
Most plastic insulations are thermoplastics, except for

crosslinked polyethylene which is the predominant insulation for
medium and high voltage cables. Other thermosetting insulation
materials are elastomers.
Crosslinked Polyethylene (XLPE)
Crosslinked polyethylene is a thermoset material produced by

compounding polyethylene or a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl
acetate (EVA) with a crosslinking agent, usually an organic
peroxide. The individual molecules of polyethylene join together
during a curing process to form an interconnected network. The
terms cure and vulcanize are often similarly used to
designate crosslinking.
While the use of peroxide as the crosslinking agent means that

only low density polyethylene can operate at higher temperatures
than cables produced with thermoplastic or non-crosslinked
polyethylene.
Crosslinking also significantly improves the physical properties

of the polyethylene. Additives tend to reduce the electrical
properties of the insulation. This is the reason that EVA
copolymer is used only for low voltage applications. For medium
voltage applications, crosslinked polyethylene fares well because
the dielectric strength of the unfilled crosslinked polyethylene is
about the same as that of thermoplastic polyethylene. Impulse
strengths of 2700 V/mil are common.
For low voltage applications, the addition of fillers, in particular,

medium thermal carbon black, provides increases in tensile
strength and hardness. It also provides the necessary ultraviolet
protection for outdoor applications without the use of a jacket.
The EVA copolymer is well suited to accepting up to a 30%
loading of medium thermal carbon black. Between 2 and 3
percent of very small particle size furnace carbon black is
incorporated into the polyethylene if sunlight resistance is
required without significantly reducing the electrical properties.
32
XLPE insulated cables may be operated continuously at a

conductor temperature of 90C and intermittently at 130C
during emergency conditions. XLPE has good low temperature
properties, shows increased resistance to corona when compared
with thermoplastic polyethylene, and has good impact, abrasion,
and environmental stress crack resistance.
Recent technology has resulted in XLPE insulation compounds

that are resistant to degradation from treeing. Two processes are
available for imparting tree resistance to the compound. One
involves additives and the other involves copolymer technology.
Additives tend to reduce the electrical properties of the
polyethylene insulation and one finds slightly lower values for
dielectric strength and slightly higher dissipation factor when
comparing the tree retardant insulations to the standard material.
For general purpose low voltage cables, it is possible to

incorporate up to 30% calcium carbonate into XLPE to reduce
the cost. However, to maintain the best electrical properties,
especially when immersed in water, the filled compound should
not be used.
In the Philippines, compounds incorporating approximately 30%

thermal carbon black are used. These have the advantage of
improved resistance to hot deformation and cut-through
resistance.
6.3 Insulation Resistance
In order that a reasonable factor of safety may be provided, the

following insulation resistance is suggested as a guide, where the
insulation is subjected to test:
a) For circuits of 2.0 mm2 or 3.5 mm2 conductors 500,000

ohms;
b) For circuits of 5.5 mm2 or larger conductors, a resistance
based upon the allowable ampacity of conductors as
follows:
33
25 to 50 amperes, inclusive 250,000 ohms

Over 800 amperes 5,000 ohms
The above listed values shall apply to installations with

voltage of 600 V or less. For voltages above 600 V, the
minimum insulation resistance shall be 1,000,000 ohms per
thousand volts or a fraction thereof. The foregoing is to be
determined with all fixtures, switches, receptacles, and
wiring devices in place and connected.
c) Where climatic conditions are such that the wiring or

equipment is exposed to excessive humidity, it may be
necessary to modify the foregoing provisions.
6.4 Thermal Characteristics
Selection of the right insulation materials depends on the expected

operating temperature which the wire or cable will be subjected. The
nominal operating temperature in C of some the insulation materials
are shown in Figure 2, below.
-20 80 PVC (Standard)
-55 105 PVC (Premium)
-60 80 Polythylene
-40 105 Polypropylene
-40 130 XLPE
-60 150 EPR
-40 105 Hypalon (CSPE)
-40 105 EVA
-40 105 CPE
-65 200 Silicone Rubber
-70 260 Teflon
-100 0 100 200 300
Figure 2: Nominal Temperature Range of Wire Insulations in C

34
7. CABLE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
An insulated cable appears to be a relatively simple electrical device but,

in fact, it can be considered an electrical system with many components.
To understand it, let us examine its components and basics of operation.
For simplicity, the following discussion shall be confined to a single
conductor cable. However, these fundamentals also apply to multiple-
conductor cables.
The basic components of an insulated cable are the following:
a) Conductor materials that transmits electrical energy

b) Shielding also referred to as screening, are used for medium to
high voltage cables. Basically, the use of this stress control
layers is to achieve a symmetrical dielectric fields within the
cable structure. For some voltage levels, shielding may be
applied over the conductor. At higher voltage levels, it is applied
over the conductor and the insulation. This results in the
confining of all the voltage gradients to within the cable
structure if the shield over the insulation is essentially at
ground potential.
c) Primary Insulation or Dielectric prevents leakage of current
from the conductor to the surroundings. It protects life and
prevents damage resulting from electrical discharge. It also
physically protects the conductor.
d) Jacket also called sheaths, serve several purposes such as they
provide mechanical, thermal, chemical, and environmental
protection to the insulated conductors they enclosed, act as
electrical insulation when used over shields or armor, ease
installation and routing concerns by enclosing multiple insulated
conductors. They may also protect the characteristics of the
underlying insulation. For example, a thin nylon jacket over
PVC enhances the abrasion and fluid resistance of a 600V cable.
Sheathing may also include various forms of metallic armoring,
tapes, or wires to enhance the physical properties of the cable
and to provide a built-in protective electrically grounded conduit
for the insulated conductors. Commonly used jacketing materials
include extrusions of PE, PVC and Nylon. PVC, Nylon and PE
35
are applied using thermoplastic extrusion lines which heat the

material to the melting point and form it over the core. The
material is then cooled, usually in a water trough, and wound
onto a reel. Some heat is used to soften the material so that it can
be formed around the core. It is then necessary to crosslink the
material to obtain its full properties.
Depending on the customer requirement and/or the application, a cable

may be composed of a couple of the above-stated components or all of it.
For special cases, additional sheathing or armoring may be required.
An illustration of the construction and components of a medium voltage

power cable is shown below.
Figure 3: Construction of a Medium Voltage Power Cable
8. LOW VOLTAGE WIRES AND CABLES
Classification of voltage level seems to be arbitrary in most cases since

many standard governing bodies in the world do not agree as to the
divisions in the voltage level. IEC define low voltage as those 1000 volts
and below while ICEA define low voltage to be 2000 volts and below.
NEC and IEEE define low voltage as 600 volts and below.
Primarily all low voltage wires and cables are insulated except those
used as neutral or grounding wire. With reference to their cable
construction, they are non-shielded cable.
36
There are two basic components in a non-shielded cable. They are the
conductor and the electrical insulation, sometimes referred to as the
dielectric. A third component used in some cable designs is an outer
jacket. The figure below shows the construction of a low-voltage non-
shielded cable.
Figure 4: Low-Voltage Non-Shielded Cable Construction
Conductor
The conductor material can be copper or aluminum with either a solid or

stranded.
The primary reason for the use of stranded conductors is improved

flexibility. The stranded conductors can be compressed or compacted to
achieve desired flexibility, diameter, and load current density. For the
conductor size, there are diameter differences between solid and the
various types of stranded conductors. This is an important consideration
in the selection of connectors and in the methods of splicing and
terminating.
Electrical Insulation or Dielectric
The electrical insulation must provide adequate physical and electrical

protection between the energized conductor and the nearest electrical
ground to prevent electrical breakdowns. For low voltage cables, 600
volts and below, the insulation thickness required to provide the necessary
physical protection against damage is more than adequate to provide the
necessary dielectric strength.
37
Another consideration in the design and application of cables is the

dielectric field. In all electrical cables, irrespective of their voltage
ratings, there is a dielectric field present when the conductor is energized.
This dielectric field is typically represented by electrostatic flux lines and
equipotential lines between the conductor and electrical ground.
When a conductor is energized there are electrostatic lines of flux created

within the dielectric. The density of these flux lines is dependent upon the
magnitude of the potential difference between the conductor and electrical
ground.
The distance between the equipotential lines represents a voltage
differential in the insulation. For a given voltage differential, these lines
are closer together nearer the conductor.
Electrostatic Flux Lines Equipotential Lines
Figure 5: Electrical Field of a Non-Shielded Cable
Above figure represents the electrical field of a non-shielded cables

contact with a ground plane. It does not take into account the difference in
the dielectric constants of the insulation and the surrounding air.
Observe that the electrostatic flux lines are crowded in the insulation
closest to the ground. Also, the equipotential lines are eccentric in their
relationship to the conductor and the cable dielectric surface. This
distortion of the fields is acceptable if the dielectric strength of the
cable insulation is adequate to resist the concentration of the dielectric
stresses. Low voltage non-shielded cables are usually designed to meet
this requirement.
Jacket/Sheaths
For special applications, a jacket is applied over the insulation. There are
several materials available for use as jackets to provide the necessary
chemical, physical, or thermal protection required by the application.
38
Low voltage wires and cables are primarily divided into two major
groups, the building wires and secondary and service drop wires.
8.1 Building Wires
Building wires comprises the largest group of low voltage wires and
cables which is primarily used in all residential, commercial and
industrial buildings. In the Philippines, the most common types of
these building wires are the following:
8.1.1 Building Wires Types and Application
TW (Thermoplastic Moisture-Resistant)
The TW conductors are solid or stranded annealed (soft) copper,

insulated with a moisture resistant and flame retardant polyvinyl
compound (PVC). TW wire is used in interior wiring at circuit
voltages up to 600 volts. Maximum operating temperature is
60C in dry or wet application. Type TW building wire is used in
residential, commercial and industrial buildings for general-
purpose lighting, appliance, power, control and relay panel
applications. It is used for low ampacity rated circuits. This type
of wire may be installed in conduits, ducts or raceways. Type TW
wire is also suitable for installations in ambient temperatures
down to -10C.
THW (Thermoplastic Heat and Moisture Resistant)
The THW conductors are solid or stranded annealed (soft)

copper, insulated with a tough heat and moisture resistant, and
flame retardant polyvinyl compound (PVC). It is used in interior
wiring at circuit voltages up to 600 volts. Maximum operating
temperature is 75C in dry or wet application. It can be used for
general-purpose lighting, appliance, power, control and relay
panel applications. It is also applicable as machine tool wire and
appliance wiring material. It is used for medium ampacity rated
circuits. This type of wire may be installed in conduits, ducts or
raceways.
39
THHN/THWN (Thermoplastic Heat and Moisture Resistant Wire

with Nylon Jacket)
The THHN/THWN conductors are solid or stranded annealed

(soft) copper, insulated with a tough heat and moisture resistant,
and flame retardant polyvinyl compound (PVC) with oil,
chemical, and abrasion resistant nylon (polyamide) jacket. It is
used in interior wiring at circuit voltages up to 600 volts.
Maximum operating temperature is 90C for dry applications
(THHN) and 75C for wet applications (THWN). It can be used
for general-purpose lighting, power, control and relay panel
applications. It is also applicable for machine tool wire and
appliance wiring material. It is used for high ampacity rated
circuits. This type of wire may be installed in conduits, ducts or
raceways.
The other types of conductor applications and insulations are

shown in Annex B.
8.1.2 Building Wires Sizes and Ampacity

Size and ampacity of building wires are given in Tables 10 and
11, with reference to the Philippines Electrical Code based on an
ambient temperature of 30C. Use appropriate correction factor
specified in the Philippine Electrical Code for ambient
temperature other than 30C.
40
Table 10: Allowable Ampacities of Single-Insulated Conductors Rated

0 Through 2 000 Volts in Free Air, Based on Ambient Air
Temperature of 30C
Temperature Rating of Conductor

60C75C 90C 60C 75C 90C
Types Types
TBS, SA, TBS, SA,
SIS, FEP, SIS, RHH,
Types FEPB, RHW-2,
RHW, MI, Types THHN,
THHW, RHH, RHW, THHW,
THW, RHW-2, THHW, THW-2,
Conductor Types THWN, THHN, Types THW, THWN-2,
Size TW, XHHW, THHW, TW, THWN, USE-2,
mm2 UF ZW THW-2, UF XHHW XHH,
(mm dia.) COPPER ALUMINUM
2 (1.6) 25 30 35 - - -
3.5 (2) 30 35 40 25 30 35
5.5 (2.6) 40 50 55 35 40 40
8 (3.2) 55 65 75 45 50 55
14 80 95 105 65 80 85
22 105 130 140 85 105 115
30 130 160 170 95 115 130
38 155 185 195 115 135 155
50 180 220 235 135 165 185
60 205 250 260 155 185 210
80 250 300 320 185 225 255
100 290 355 370 220 265 295
125 335 400 420 260 310 350
150 375 440 475 295 355 400
175 410 495 560 325 390 440
200 440 540 570 345 410 465
250 505 620 655 405 485 545
325 600 720 770 475 560 640
375 645 775 875 510 615 690
400 675 810 875 530 640 725
500 770 930 995 620 745 835
41
Table 11: Allowable Ampacities of Insulated Conductors Rated 0

Through 2 000 Volts, 60C Through 90C. Not More Than
Three Current-Carrying Conductors in Raceway, Cable, or
Earth (Directly Buried), Based on Ambient Temperature of
30C

60C 75C 90C 60C 75C 90C
Types TBS,
SA, SIS, FEP, Types TBS,
FEPB, MI, SA, SIS,
RHH, RHW- RHH, RHW-
2, THHN, 2, THHN,
THHW, THHW,
THW-2, THW-2,
Types RHW, THWN-2, Types RHW, THWN-2,
THHW, USE-2, XHH, THHW, USE-2, XHH,
THW, XHHW, THW, XHHW,
Conductor Types THWN, XHHW-2, Types THWN, XHHW-2,
Size mm2 TW, UF XHHW, ZW ZW-2 TW, UF XHHW ZW-2
(mm dia.) COPPER ALUMINUM
2 (1.6) 20 20 25 - - -
3.5 (2) 25 25 30 20 20 25
5.5 (2.6) 30 35 40 25 30 35
8 (3.2) 40 50 55 30 40 45
14 55 65 70 40 50 65
22 70 85 90 55 65 80
30 90 110 115 65 80 90
38 100 125 130 75 90 105
50 120 145 150 95 110 125

60 135 160 170 100 120 135
80 160 195 205 120 145 165
100 180 220 225 140 170 190
125 210 255 265 165 200 225

150 240 280 295 185 225 250
175 260 305 345 205 245 275
200 280 330 355 220 265 .300
250 315 375 400 255 305 345
325 370 435 470 305 365 410

375 395 470 530 315 380 430
400 405 485 515 335 405 460
500 445 540 580 370 440 495
Apply appropriate adjustment factors if more than three (3) current carrying conductors in
a raceway or cable with reference to the Philippine Electrical Code.
42
8.1.3 Resistances and Reactances
Resistances and reactances of copper wires in magnetic and non-

magnetic conduits are given by Table 12, below:
Table 12: Copper Conductor Resistance and Reactance Data Line-to-

neutral, m/100 meter
Three-Single Conductor Cables

Conductor In Magnetic Duct Not In Magnetic Duct
Size mm2 Resistance Reactance Resistance Reactance
(mm dia.) "R" "X" "R" "X"
Solid
2 (1.6) 846.24 24.63 846.24 19.48
3.5 (2) 528.08 22.83 528.08 18.07
5.5 (2.6) 331.28 22.11 331.28 17.52
8 (3.2) 216.15 19.88 216.15 15.91
Stranded
8 222.71 19.45 222.71 15.55
14 140.06 18.60 140.06 14.89
22 88.23 17.38 88.23 13.91
30 55.76 16.33 55.43 13.05
38 44.28 16.53 43.95 13.22
50 35.42 16.24 35.10 12.99
60 28.21 15.84 27.88 12.66
80 22.63 15.32 21.98 12.23
100 17.81 14.86 17.48 11.87
125 15.48 15.25 15.06 12.20
150 12.96 14.83 12.46 11.84
200 10.00 14.46 9.54 11.58
250 8.20 14.17 7.71 11.35
325 7.08 14.14 6.53 11.28
400 5.94 13.94 5.35 11.15
500 5.02 13.74 4.43 10.99
Note: Typical values, use exact values if available.
43
8.2 Secondary and Service Cables
These cables are used by Distribution Utilities in low voltage power

distribution. Both cables have the same construction; the difference is
in the application. Secondary cables are those that are connected to
the distribution transformer and traverses from pole to pole while
service drop cables are those that connect the customers service
entrance wires to the secondary cable or distribution transformer.
8.2.1 Overhead secondary and service cables
In the Philippines, majority of the distribution system are

overhead construction. Most overhead secondary and service
cables are multiplex cables with sizes that are typically based in
AWG. Cables are insulated by either polyethylene (PE) or
crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) material. Basically, these cables
are classified based on the number of conductors twisted together
(e.g. duplex, triplex, and quadruplex cables).
8.2.2 Underground secondary and service cables
Underground secondary and service cables are conductors

installed in conduit or directly buried in the earth and enter the
building metering facilities, switch, or service equipment. Type
USE service cables are similar in construction to the general
power cables for direct burial in earth.
Tables 13 & 14 show the characteristics of the different types of

Multiplex Secondary and Services Copper and Aluminum Cables,
respectively. While, Tables 15 & 16 show the characteristics of
the types of Single Conductors for Underground Service for
Copper and Aluminum, respectively.
44
Table 13. Copper Multiplex Secondary and Services Cables
Phase Conductor Neutral Ampacity

Cable
Sizes Insulation Sizes Rated Weight
Code Word
(# of Thickness (# of Strength per 1000 PE XLPE
wires) (mils) wires) (lbs.) ft (lbs)
DUPLEX
Theta 8 (7) 45 10 (1) 529 95 70 85
Kappa 8 (7) 45 8 (7) 777 114 70 85
Sigma 6 (7) 45 6 (7) 1228 177 90 110
TRIPLEX
Pica 8 (7) 45 10 (1) 529 158 70 85
Garamond 8 (7) 45 8 (7) 777 177 70 85
Gothic 6 (7) 45 6 (7) 1228 273 90 110
Casion 4 (7) 45 4 (7) 1938 425 115 145
Primer 2 (7) 45 4 (7) 1938 588 155 195
Century 2 (7) 45 2 (7) 3050 664 155 195
Corinthian 1/0 (19) 60 1/0 (7) 4752 1055 205 265
Doric 2/0 (19) 60 2/0 (7) 5926 1319 235 300
QUADRUPLEX
Tallahassee 6 (7) 45 6 (7) 1228 369 75 95
Richmond 4 (7) 45 4 (7) 1938 573 100 125
Seattle 2 (7) 45 2 (7) 3050 893 135 170
Nashville 1/0 (19) 60 1/0 (7) 4752 1420 180 230
Lincoln 2/0 (19) 60 2/0 (7) 5926 1773 205 265
Raleigh 3/0 (19) 60 3/0 (7) 7366 2220 235 305
Denver 4/0 (19) 60 4/0 (7) 9154 2781 270 350
Ampacity figures for black insulation only. Based on conductor temperature of 75C for
polyethylene insulated conductors, 90C for XLPE insulated conductors, ambient
temperature of 40C; 2 ft./sec. wind in sun. Source: Southwire
45
Table 14: Aluminum Multiplex Cables with ACSR Neutral Messenger
Phase Conductor Neutral Cable Ampacity

Weight
Code Word Sizes Insulation Rated per
Sizes
(# of Thickness Strength 1000 ft PE XLPE
(Stranding)
wires) (mils) (lbs.) (lbs)
DUPLEX
Shepherd 6 (7) 45 6 (6/1) 1190 75 70 85
Terrier 4 (7) 45 4 (6/1) 1860 115 90 115
Chow 2 (7) 45 2 (6/1) 2850 176 120 150
Bull 1/0 (9) 60 1/0 (6/1) 4380 280 160 205
TRIPLEX
Voluta 6 (7) 45 6 (6/1) 1190 114 70 85
Periwinkle 4 (7) 45 4 (6/1) 1860 172 90 115
Conch 2 (7) 45 2 (6/1) 2850 262 120 150
Neritina 1/0 (7) 60 1/0 (6/1) 4380 420 160 205
Cenia 1/0 (9) 60 1/0 (6/1) 4380 414 160 205
Runcina 2/0 (7) 60 2/0 (6/1) 5310 520 185 235
Triton 2/0 (11) 60 2/0 (6/1) 5310 512 185 235
Mursia 3/0 (17) 60 3/0 (6/1) 6620 635 215 275
Zuzara 4/0 (18) 60 4/0 (6/1) 8350 789 245 315
336.4
Limpet 336.4 (19) 60 8680 1167 325 420
(18/1)
QUADRUPLEX
Hackney 4 (7) 45 4 (6/1) 1860 229 80 100
Palomino 2 (7) 45 2 (6/1) 2850 347 105 135
Costena 1/0 (9) 60 1/0 (6/1) 4380 549 140 180
Grullo 2/0 (11) 60 2/0 (6/1) 5310 677 160 205
Suffolk 3/0 (17) 60 3/0 (6/1) 6620 837 185 235
Appaloosa 4/0 (18) 60 4/0 (6/1) 8350 1038 210 275
336.4
Bronco 336.4 (19) 60 8680 1568 280 370
(18/1)
Conductor temperature of 90C for XLPE, 75C for PE; ambient temperature of 40C;
emissivity 0.9; 2 ft./sec. wind in sun. Source: Southwire
46
Table 15: Single Copper Conductors for Underground Service
Approx. Ampacity
Size Composite Composite Net
Number Approx. Approx.
(AWG Insulation- Insulation- Weight
of O.D. O.D.
or Thickness Thickness per
Strands (Inches) (mm)
kcmil) (mils) (mm) 1000 ft. 90C 75C
(lbs)
14 1 45 1.14 0.16 4.06 23 15 15

14 7 45 1.14 0.17 4.57 25 15 15
12 1 45 1.14 0.18 4.57 32 20 20
12 7 45 1.14 0.19 4.83 34 20 20
10 1 45 1.14 0.2 5.08 46 30 30
10 7 45 1.14 0.21 5.33 48 30 30
8 7 60 1.52 0.27 6.86 77 55 50
6 7 75 1.91 0.34 8.64 123 75 65
4 7 75 1.91 0.38 9.75 176 95 85
2 7 75 1.91 0.43 11 257 130 115
1 19 100 2.54 0.52 13.16 349 150 130
1/0 19 100 2.54 0.56 14.1 413 170 150
2/0 19 100 2.54 0.6 15.14 509 195 175
3/0 19 100 2.54 0.64 16.33 622 225 200
4/0 19 100 2.54 0.7 17.68 766 260 230
250 37 130 3.3 0.81 20.57 944 290 255
350 37 130 3.3 0.91 23.04 1273 350 310
500 37 130 3.3 1.03 26.19 1764 430 380
750 61 145 3.68 1.28 32.51 2625 535 475
1000 61 145 3.68 1.44 36.58 3443 615 545
Source: Okonite
47
Table 16: Single Aluminum Conductor for Underground Service
Impedance (ohm/1000ft) *
Conductor Insulation Insulation Total

Size
Code Word Diameter Thickness Diameter Weight AC Resistance Inductive
(# of Wires)
(inch) (inch) (inch) (lb/1000 ft) Reactance
@60Hz
@ 75C @ 90C
CORNELL/XLP 8 (7) 0.141 0.06 0.26 34 1.28 1.35 0.047
PRINCETON/XLP 6 (7) 0.178 0.06 0.3 47 0.807 0.847 0.0447
MERCER/XLP 4 (7) 0.225 0.06 0.35 67 0.508 0.533 0.0426
CLEMSON/XLP 2 (7) 0.283 0.06 0.41 97 0.319 0.335 0.0409
KENYON/XLP 1 (19) 0.322 0.08 0.49 128 0.253 0.266 0.0411
HARVARD/XLP 1/0 (19) 0.362 0.08 0.52 154 0.201 0.211 0.0402
YALE/XLP 2/0 (19) 0.406 0.08 0.57 186 0.159 0.167 0.0394
TUFTS/XLP 3/0 (19) 0.456 0.08 0.62 225 0.126 0.133 0.0387
BELOIT/XLP 4/0 (19) 0.512 0.08 0.68 274 0.1 0.105 0.038
HOFSTRA/XLP 250 (37) 0.558 0.095 0.75 329 0.085 0.0892 0.0382
GONZAGA/XLP 300 (37) 0.611 0.095 0.81 385 0.071 0.0744 0.0377
RUTGERS/XLP 350 (37) 0.66 0.095 0.85 439 0.0609 0.0639 0.0373
DARTMOUTH/XLP 400 (37) 0.706 0.095 0.9 493 0.0534 0.056 0.0369
BROWN/XLP 450 (37) 0.749 0.095 0.94 547 0.0476 0.0499 0.0366
EMORY/XLP 500 (37) 0.789 0.095 0.98 601 0.0429 0.045 0.0364
DUKE/XLP 600 (61) 0.866 0.11 1.09 725 0.036 0.0377 0.0365
FURMAN/XLP 700 (61) 0.935 0.11 1.16 830 0.0311 0.0325 0.0362
SEWANEE/XLP 750 (61) 0.968 0.11 1.19 883 0.0291 0.0305 0.036
FORDHAM/XLP 1000 (61) 1.118 0.11 1.34 1144 0.0223 0.0233 0.0354
* At random (calculated as 1.5 x cable OD) spacing between conductors. Source: Nexans
48
9. MEDIUM AND HIGH VOLTAGE WIRES AND CABLES
There is no consensus among standard governing bodies like (i.e., IEC,

ANSI, IEEE, UL, NEC and others) concerning the classification of
voltage level. Thus, for clarity of this manual we will utilize IEEE voltage
level classifications wherein 601 V to 69,000 V is medium voltage and
69,001 V to 230,000 V is high voltage. Furthermore, conductors are also
classified according to their degree of insulation covering (i.e. bare,
covered, and insulated). Basically, construction of the wires and cables is
the same or similar for medium and high voltage applications.
9.1 Bare Conductors
Bare conductors are those without covering and primarily used for
overhead power transmission and distribution application. Insulating
medium is air wherein the conductors are spaced from each other and
any grounded object based on the system voltage. Insulators (e.g
porcelain, glass, and polymers) are used to support the conductors and
insulate these from the supporting structure such as tower or pole.
Copper and aluminum conductors are commonly used for this

application. However, there are instances where economics dictate the
use of conductors with low conductivity such as galvanized steel,
copper-clad steel (Copperweld) or aluminum-clad steel (Alumoweld)
in the distribution system. In such cases, the conductor losses are
lower than the cost of recovering the investment in the distribution
line if copper or aluminum conductor is used. In this field of
application, the most dominant conductor used by the industry is the
aluminum conductor steel reinforced (ACSR).
The succeeding tables (i.e., 17 to 19) show the physical and electrical
data for copper and aluminum conductors.
49
Table 17: Bare Stranded Copper Wires Physical and Electrical Data
Medium-Hard Soft-Drawn
Hard-Drawn
Drawn (Annealed)
Size Weight
Stran- Stranding Dia. Allowable
(AWG or Per 1000 Rated DC Resistance Rated DC Resistance Rated DC Resistance Ampacity
ding Class (mils)
kcmil) ft. (Ibs.) Strength Ohms/1000 ft Strength Ohms/1000 ft Strength Ohms/1000 ft
(lbs) @ 20C (lbs) @ 20C (lbs) @ 20C
8 7 B 51 146 777 0.6663 610 0.6629 499 0.6408 95
6 7 B 81 184 1228 0.4191 959 0.4169 794 0.403 130
4 7 A, B 128.9 232 1938 0.2636 1505 0.2622 1320 0.2534 170
3 7 A, B 162.5 260 2433 0.209 1885 0.2079 1670 0.201 200
2 7 A, B 204.9 292 3050 0.166 2360 0.165 2110 0.1578 230
1 7 A 258.4 328 3801 0.1316 2955 0.1309 2552 0.1252 265
1/0 7 A, AA 326.1 368 4752 0.1042 3705 0.1037 3221 0.1002 310
1/0 19 B 326.1 373 4752 0.1042 3705 0.1037 3221 0.1002 310
2/0 7 A, AA 410.9 414 5926 0.08267 4640 0.08224 4062 0.07949 355
2/0 19 B 410.9 418 6690 0.08267 4765 0.08224 4024 0.07949 355
3/0 7 A, AA 518.1 464 7366 0.06556 5812 0.06522 5118 0.06304 410
4/0 7 A, AA 653.3 522 9154 0.05199 7278 0.05172 6459 0.04999 480
4/0 19 B 653.3 528 9617 0.05199 7479 0.05172 6453 0.04999 480
250 19 A 771.9 574 11360 0.044 8836 0.04378 7627 0.04231 530
250 37 B 771.9 575 11600 0.044 8952 0.04378 7940 0.04231 530
300 19 A 926.2 628 13510 0.03667 10530 0.03648 9160 0.03526 590
350 19 A 1080.6 679 15590 0.03143 12200 0.03127 10680 0.03022 650
500 37 A, B 1543.8 814 22510 0.022 17550 0.02189 15240 0.02116 810
600 37 A, AA 1852.5 891 27020 0.01834 21060 0.01825 18300 0.01763 910
750 61 A, B 2315.6 998 34090 0.01467 26510 0.01459 22890 0.0141 1040
1000 61 A, B 3087.5 1152 45030 0.011 35100 0.01094 30500 0.01058 1240
Ampacity based on 75C conductor temperature; 25C ambient temperature; 2 ft/sec wind in sun.
Source: Southwire
50
Table 18: Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR) Physical Data
Size Diameter (inch) Weight (lb/1000ft) Rated

Code No. of
(AWG or Strength
word Wires Steel Complete
kcmil) Steel Wire Al Wire Al Steel Total (lbs)
Core Conductor
Turkey 6 6/1 0.0661 0.0661 0.066 0.198 24.4 11.6 36 1190
Swan 4 6/1 0.0834 0.0834 0.083 0.25 39 18.4 57.4 1860
Swanate 4 7/1 0.1029 0.0772 0.103 0.257 39 28 67 2360
Sparrow 2 6/1 0.1052 0.1052 0.105 0.316 61.9 29.3 91.2 2850
Sparate 2 7/1 0.1299 0.0974 0.13 0.325 62.3 44.7 102 3640
Robin 1 6/1 0.1181 0.1181 0.118 0.355 78.1 36.9 115 3550
Raven 1/0 6/1 0.1327 0.1327 0.133 0.398 98.4 46.6 145 4380
Quail 2/0 6/1 0.1489 0.1489 0.149 0.447 124.2 58.8 183 5310
Pigeon 3/0 6/1 0.1672 0.1672 0.167 0.502 155.9 74.1 230 6620
Penguin 4/0 6/1 0.1878 0.1878 0.188 0.563 197.6 93.4 291 8350
Waxwing 266.8 18/1 0.1217 0.1217 0.122 0.609 249.8 39.2 289 6880
Partridge 266.8 26/7 0.0788 0.1013 0.236 0.642 250.4 115.6 366 11300
Merlin 336.4 18/1 0.1367 0.1367 0.137 0.684 315.5 49.5 365 8680
Linnet 336.4 26/7 0.0884 0.1137 0.265 0.72 316.5 145.5 462 14100
Oriole 336.4 30/7 0.1059 0.1059 0.318 0.741 317 209 526 17300
Chickadee 397.5 18/1 0.1486 0.1486 0.149 0.743 372.5 58.5 431 9940
Ibis 397.5 26/7 0.0961 0.1236 0.288 0.783 374.1 171.9 546 16300
Pelican 477 18/1 0.1628 0.1628 0.163 0.814 446.8 70.2 517 11800
Flicker 477 24/7 0.094 0.141 0.282 0.846 449.5 164.5 614 17200
Hawk 477 26/7 0.1053 0.1354 0.316 0.858 448.6 206.4 655 19500
Hen 477 30/7 0.1261 0.1261 0.378 0.883 449.7 296.3 746 23800
Osprey 556.5 18/1 0.1758 0.1758 0.176 0.879 521.1 81.9 603 13700
Parakeet 556.5 24/7 0.1015 0.1523 0.305 0.914 524.2 191.8 716 19800
Dove 556.5 26/7 0.1138 0.1463 0.341 0.927 523.9 241.1 765 22600
Rook 636 24/7 0.1085 0.1628 0.326 0.977 598.8 219.2 818 22000
Grosbeak 636 26/7 0.1216 0.1564 0.365 0.99 598.7 275.3 873 25200
Drake 795 26/7 0.136 0.1749 0.408 1.108 749 344 1093 31500
Tern 795 45/7 0.0886 0.1329 0.266 1.063 748.9 146.1 895 22100
Rail 954 45/7 0.0971 0.1456 0.291 1.165 899 176 1075 25900
Cardinal 954 54/7 0.1329 0.1329 0.399 1.96 899 329 1228 33800
Curlew 1033.5 54/7 0.1383 0.1383 0.415 1.245 973 356 1329 36600
Bluejay 1113 45/7 0.1049 0.1573 0.315 1.259 1049 205 1254 29800
Bittern 1272 45/7 0.1121 0.168 0.336 1.345 1198 234 1432 34100
Lapwing 1590 45/7 0.1253 0.188 0.376 1.504 1498 292 1790 42200
Bluebird 2156 84/19 0.0961 0.1602 0.481 1.762 2040 468 2508 60300
Source: Nexans
51
Table 19: Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR) Electrical Data
Size Resistance (ohm/kft) Reactance at 60 Hz**

(AWG Inductive Inductive Inductive Ampacity*
Code word DC at AC at AC at AC at Capacitive
or at 25C at 50C at 75C (A)
kcmil) 20C 25C 50C 75C (megohm-kft)
(ohm/kft) (ohm/kft) (ohm/kft)
Turkey 6 0.642 0.655 0.75 0.816 0.751 0.12 0.139 0.144 105
Swan 4 0.403 0.412 0.479 0.522 0.715 0.115 0.131 0.137 140
Swanate 4 0.399 0.407 0.463 0.516 0.71 0.113 0.124 0.13 140
Sparrow 2 0.253 0.259 0.308 0.336 0.678 0.11 0.123 0.128 185
Sparate 2 0.251 0.256 0.297 0.33 0.674 0.109 0.118 0.121 185
Robin 1 0.201 0.206 0.247 0.27 0.66 0.107 0.119 0.122 210
Raven 1/0 0.159 0.163 0.197 0.216 0.642 0.104 0.114 0.116 240
Quail 2/0 0.126 0.13 0.162 0.176 0.624 0.102 0.112 0.113 275
Pigeon 3/0 0.1 0.103 0.121 0.145 0.606 0.0992 0.108 0.109 315
Penguin 4/0 0.0795 0.0822 0.107 0.116 0.597 0.0964 0.105 0.105 365
Waxwing 266.8 0.0644 0.0657 0.0723 0.0788 0.576 0.0903 0.0903 0.0903 445
Partridge 266.8 0.0637 0.0652 0.0714 0.0778 0.565 0.0881 0.0881 0.0881 455
Merlin 336.4 0.051 0.0523 0.0574 0.0625 0.56 0.0826 0.0826 0.0826 515
Linnet 336.4 0.0506 0.0517 0.0568 0.0619 0.549 0.0854 0.0854 0.0854 530
Oriole 336.4 0.0502 0.0513 0.0563 0.0614 0.544 0.0843 0.0843 0.0843 530
Chickadee 397.5 0.0432 0.0443 0.0487 0.0528 0.544 0.0856 0.0856 0.0856 575
Ibis 397.5 0.0428 0.0438 0.0481 0.0525 0.539 0.0835 0.0835 0.0835 590
Pelican 477 0.036 0.0369 0.0405 0.0441 0.528 0.0835 0.0835 0.0835 640
Flicker 477 0.0358 0.0367 0.0403 0.0439 0.524 0.0818 0.0818 0.0818 670
Hawk 477 0.0357 0.0366 0.0402 0.0438 0.522 0.0814 0.0814 0.0814 660
Hen 477 0.0354 0.0362 0.0398 0.0434 0.517 0.0803 0.0803 0.0803 660
Osprey 556.5 0.0309 0.0318 0.0348 0.0379 0.518 0.0818 0.0818 0.0818 710
Parakeet 556.5 0.0307 0.0314 0.0347 0.0377 0.512 0.0801 0.0801 0.0801 720
Dove 556.5 0.0305 0.0314 0.0345 0.0375 0.51 0.0795 0.0795 0.0795 730
Rook 636 0.0268 0.0277 0.0303 0.033 0.502 0.0786 0.0786 0.0786 780
Grosbeak 636 0.0267 0.0275 0.0301 0.0328 0.499 0.078 0.078 0.078 790
Drake 795 0.0214 0.0222 0.0242 0.0263 0.482 0.0756 0.0756 0.0756 910
Tern 795 0.0216 0.0225 0.0246 0.0267 0.488 0.0769 0.0769 0.0769 890
Rail 954 0.018 0.0188 0.0206 0.0223 0.474 0.0748 0.0748 0.0748 970
Cardinal 954 0.0179 0.0186 0.0205 0.0222 0.47 0.0737 0.0737 0.0737 990
Curlew 1033.5 0.0165 0.0172 0.0189 0.0205 0.464 0.0729 0.0729 0.0729 1040
Bluejay 1113 0.0155 0.0163 0.0178 0.0193 0.461 0.0731 0.0731 0.0731 1070
Bittern 1272 0.0135 0.0144 0.0157 0.017 0.451 0.0716 0.0716 0.0716 1160
Lapwing 1590 0.0108 0.0117 0.0128 0.0138 0.434 0.0689 0.0689 0.0689 1340
Bluebird 2156 0.00801 0.00903 0.00977 0.0105 0.409 0.0652 0.0652 0.0652 1610
* Ampacity is with sun and wind at 2 ft/s ** Reactance at 1 foot equivalent spacing
Source: Nexans
52
9.2 Covered Conductors
Covered conductors are bare conductors with thin insulation covering

used for overhead power distribution system. These are used for
power distribution circuits that transverse along routes with heavy
tree growth. The covering does not fully insulate the conductor but it
is thick enough to reduce the chances of flashover whenever a tree
branch falls between the conductors. Covered conductor is also
commonly known as tree wire. Also, it helps minimize faults caused
by animals and enable distribution utilities to utilize conductor
configurations with tight spacing. Covered conductors are commonly
used as a cost-effective method for increasing overhead line
reliability.
The conductor materials are typically copper or aluminum or other

conductors designed to give a balance between strength and
conductivity such as ACSR. Tree wire is commonly covered by
insulating materials such as polyethylene, XLPE, or EPR. Insulation
thickness typically ranges from 30 to 150 mils. Tree wires must
always be treated as bare conductors. However, closer spacings are
allowed for this type of conductor.
While covered conductors help against trees, it has several setbacks

compared to bare conductors. The covering may be susceptible to
degradation due to ultraviolet radiation, tracking, and mechanical
effects that cause cracking. Also, covered conductors are susceptible
to burn-downs. Burn-down is when a conductor burns through or
melts and falls to the ground. A covered conductor line can suffer
burn-down due to lightning strikes, excessive tracking over time,
vibration fatigue or tree branches falling on the line. The risk of burn-
down can be reduced by suitable lightning protection systems,
reduction of electrical stresses, improved tree trimming, reduced
carbon black content in the sheath material, and proper installation
and tensioning.
The additional covering adds cost to the conductor such that a

covered conductor line would cost about at least 20% more than a
bare conductor line. Covered conductors are heavier and have larger
diameters so wind loading is higher than bare conductors. Also, a
damage cover makes it susceptible to corrosion, primarily from water.
53
If water penetrates the covering, it settles at the low points and causes
corrosion since the covering prevents the trapped water from
evaporating. Water enters the conductor at pinholes caused by
lightning strikes, cover damage caused by abrasion, and at holes
pierced by connectors. In contrast, rain simply washes over bare
conductors and evaporation takes care of moisture.
There will be a low charging current flowing along the covered

conductor sheath since its surface is insulating but not fully insulated.
This arises because the sheath forms an insulating layer between the
high voltage conductor (metal) and the pin or post insulator to earth.
This current will normally be less than 0.3mA which flows phase-
phase or phase-ground. This current is held low to reduce tracking
and erosion, especially under polluted conditions. Metal helical ties
form an intermediate electrode and can cause discharge problems at
the ends if bare. Connecting helical ties with any insulating piercing
connectors (IPCs) or use of semi-conducting plastic ties eliminates
this problem.
For a covered conductor line, insulation piercing connectors (IPC) are

used. IPC contains teeth that penetrate through the insulation to have
contact with the conductor and complete a connection.
Tables 20 and 21 show the relevant data of Copper and ACSR

Covered Conductors, respectively.
Spacer cables are also alternatives to Covered Cables and perform

well in areas with dense trees. Spacer cables are of bundled
configuration using a messenger wire with a polymetric support
cradle holding up the three phases. The spacer cables reactive
impedance is smaller because it significantly reduces spacing than
typical overhead constructions.
54
Table 20: Copper Single Layer Covered Conductors Data
Copper Weight Per

Size 1000 ft. (lbs.) DC
Cover O.D. Content Allowable
(AWG Stran- Resistance
Thick. Covered Per Ampacity
or ding /1000
(mils) (mils) 1000 ft. XLPE PE +
kcmil) ft.@20C
(lbs.)
6 7 30 238 81 90.3 90.3 0.503 130

4 7 30 285 128.9 140.8 140.8 0.316 175
2 7 45 373 204.9 227.1 227.1 0.199 230
1/0 7 60 477 326.1 363.3 363.3 0.125 305
2/0 7 60 522 410.9 453.3 453.3 0.0992 350
3/0 7 60 570 518.1 565.6 565.6 0.0788 405
4/0 7 60 626 653.3 707.6 707.6 0.0625 465
250 19 60 677 771.9 825.4 825.4 0.0530 520
300 19 60 729 926.2 984.6 984.6 0.0442 580
350 19 60 779 1080.6 1144.5 1144.5 0.0380 640
500 37 80 950 1543.8 1637.2 1637.2 0.0278 785
750 61 80 1128 2315.6 2422.8 2422.8 0.0182 995
1000 61 95 1307 3087.5 3234 3234 0.0140 1180
Source: Southwire
55
Table 21: 2-Layer 15kV ACSR Tree Wire
Covering
Size Thickness Weight
Conductor Cable Rated
(AWG (mils) per
Stranding Diameter O.D. Strength
or 1000
(mils) Inner Outer (mils) (lbs)
kcmil) ft. (lbs)
Layer Layer
1/0 6/1 398 75 75 698 4161 255
2/0 6/1 447 75 75 747 5045 303
3/0 6/1 502 75 75 802 6289 362
4/0 6/1 563 75 75 863 7933 432
266.8 18/1 609 75 75 909 6536 441
266.8 26/7 642 75 75 942 10735 452
336.4 18/1 684 75 75 984 8246 536
336.4 26/7 720 75 75 1020 13395 555
336.4 30/7 741 75 75 1041 16435 621
397.5 18/1 743 75 75 1043 9443 611
397.5 24/7 772 75 75 1072 13870 609
477 24/7 846 75 75 1146 16340 719
477 26/7 858 75 75 1158 18525 762
477 30/7 883 75 75 1183 22610 854
556.5 18/1 879 75 75 1179 13015 813
556.5 24/7 914 75 75 1214 18810 828
556.5 26/7 927 75 75 1227 21470 878
636 18/1 940 75 75 1240 14915 912
636 24/7 977 75 75 1277 20900 936
636 26/7 990 75 75 1290 23940 993
795 26/7 1108 80 80 1428 29925 1234
795 45/7 1063 80 80 1383 20995 1031
Source: Southwire
56
9.3 Insulated Cables
Majority of insulated cables are utilized for underground

transmission and distribution systems. Being insulated for voltages
higher than 2 kV, that these cables are typically shielded.
9.3.1 Construction
The fundamental difference between non-shielded and shielded

cables is the inclusion of outer conducting components in the
cable system. The basic components of a shielded cable are
shown below.
Figure 6: Construction of Shielded Power Cable
Conductor
The conductors used in shielded cables are basically the same as

those used in non-shielded cables, with copper and aluminum as
the conductor.
Conductor Shield or Screen
The conductor shield is usually a semi-conducting material

applied over the conductor circumference to shield out the surface
irregularities of the conductor. With this shield, the resulting
dielectric field lines will not be distorted by the shape of the outer
strands or other conductor contours. It prevents the formation of
destructive discharges at the interface between the conductor and
insulation. Otherwise, the electrical stress around the conductors
would produce partial discharges on the surface of the insulation
which deteriorates it and eventually results to cable failure. Also,
it is essential that this stress control layer be compatible with the
conductor and the cable insulation.
57
This layer also provides a smooth and compatible surface for

the application of the insulation. The conductor shield is
extruded simultaneously with the insulation for a void-free bond
between conductor shield and insulation. The shield may also
be used to facilitate splicing and termination of the cable.
Insulation
This is the part of the cable that is relied upon to insulate the
conductor from other conductor or conductive object or from
ground. The differences between the insulation for shielded cables
as compared to non-shielded cables include material, process
technology, and testing. The insulation thickness is primarily
influenced by the operating voltage. Therefore, the higher the
voltage, the thicker the insulation.
Insulation Shield or Screen
This absorbs the symmetrical radial stresses and discharges on the
surfaces of the insulation. It protects the cables from induced
potentials. Shields help attenuate, make uniform and reduce the
surge potential stresses on the insulation. It increases safety to
humans and removes the risk of fire due to electrical discharges on
the cable surface.
The insulation shield or screen is a two-part system composed of
an auxiliary and a primary shield.
An auxiliary shield is usually a semi-conducting, non-metallic
material over the insulation circumference. It must be smooth,
compatible with the insulation, and exhibit an acceptably low
voltage drop throughout its thickness. A commonly used
auxiliary shield consists of an extruded semi-conducting
polymer to permit easy removal during field termination, but
yet to remain uniformly bonded to the insulation throughout
the cable length.
A primary shield is a metallic shield over the circumference
of the auxiliary shield. It may consist of copper tape or
Concentric Neutral (CN) wires. These concentric neutral
wires are usually annealed.
58
CN wires serve two purposes, namely; they function as the

metallic component of the insulation shield and as a
conductor for the neutral return current. Their cross-
sectional area must be properly sized in order to function as
the neutral conductor.
The primary shield must be capable of conducting the

summation of the leakage currents to the nearest ground
with an acceptable voltage drop. In some cases, it must also be
capable of conducting fault currents.
The primary shield, by itself, without an intervening auxiliary

shield, cannot achieve acceptable physical contact with the
insulation surface. A relatively resilient auxiliary shield is
necessary to eliminate arcing between the insulation surface
and the primary shield.
If the insulation shield is effectively at ground potential, no

resulting distortion of the electrostatic flux or equipotential lines
will occur. The grounding of the insulation shield is the electrical
connection between the metallic component of the insulation
shield and the system ground. This grounding of the insulation
shield results in symmetrical dielectric fields. Electrostatic flux
lines are spaced symmetrically and perpendicular to equipotential
lines. The equipotential lines are concentric and parallel with
respect to each other, the conductor shield and the insulation
shield. The presence of the shielding results in field lines as
depicted in Figure 7. In addition, grounding promotes personnel
safety by minimizing potentials on the outer surface of the cable
and its accessories.
The shielding of the cable system can either be single-

pointed or multiple-pointed grounding. A single-point grounded
system is frequently referred to as an open circuit shield. Since
the shield is grounded at a single point, there is no closed loop
for the flow of induced shield currents. A multiple-point
grounded system, on the other hand, is one that has grounds at
more than one point. It is frequently called a closed or short-
circuit shield system.
59
Each of the arrangements has its particular advantages and

disadvantages for selection. Knowledge of the total system
should be taken into account when making these decisions.
In a shielded cable, the voltage difference between

conductor and electrical ground is contained within the cable.
For a non-shielded cable, the voltage difference between
conductor and electrical ground is divided between the cable
insulation and any intervening air or other materials.
Insulation
Conductor Shield
Conductor
Insulation Shield
Electrostatic Flux Lines
Equipotential Lines
Figure 7: Electrical Field of a Shielded Cable
60
In Figure 7, observe that the field lines are closer to each other
near the conductor shield as compared to the insulation shield.
The radial stresses or voltage gradients increase near the
conductor.
Jackets/Sheaths
These cable components provide environmental protection over

the insulation shielding system. The material used can be an
extruded jacket of synthetic material, metal sheaths/wires,
armoring, or a combination of these types of materials.
9.3.2 Electrical Losses in Cables
When the cable is energized and carrying load, heat, which must
be dissipated to the surrounding medium, is generated by the
conductor, dielectric and sheath losses.
The heat generated by these losses in the conductor, the

dielectric, the sheath and armor has to pass to the surrounding
medium, which may be the ground, air, water or some other
material. The current carrying capacity of an electric cable is
normally dictated by the maximum temperature of the conductor.
The components of the cable, in addition to meeting the
electrical requirements, must also have as low a thermal
resistivity, as possible, to ensure that the heat can be dissipated
efficiently. If the rate of rise of heat generation is greater than the
rate of rise of heat dissipation, the cable temperature will
continue to increase which will result in the overheating of the
cable and eventual breakdown.
9.3.3 Advantages of Shielded Cables
Electrical insulation surrounding a conductor creates a capacitor

when the conductor is electrically energized. Thus, all insulated
conductors are capacitors.
In the majority of non-shielded cable systems, the cable surface

makes intermittent contact with an electrical ground. Where
intimate contact with this ground is not made, the intervening air
61
spaces also act primarily as capacitors in ac circuits and as

resistors in dc circuits. This forms a series of cable dielectric and
air dielectric. Voltage across this circuit varies along the length
of the cable depending on the voltage across the air gap. The
cable surface becomes a floating voltage point in a voltage
divider. This floating point voltage can vary considerably,
depending on the cable design and the characteristics of the air
gap. If the voltage is high enough, the cable surface can
experience detrimental surface tracking of arcing discharges to
electrical ground. The cable surface can also become potentially
hazardous causing an electrical shock if contacted by field
personnel.
Shielding the cable insulation surface and grounding of this

shielding eliminates tracking and arcing discharges. The
grounding of this shield prevents the accumulation of an
electrical potential on the surface of the cable that could be
hazardous to any individual that comes into contact with the
cable surface.
10. INSTALLATION OF WIRES AND CABLES
10.1 Maximum Allowable Tensions on Conductors
Care should be taken during installation of cables to prevent damage

that can result to future service failures. In preparing for a conductor
pull, it is just as important to cover the other details as it is to assure
that the conductor does not exceed maximum sidewall pressure,
minimum bending radii or maximum pulling tensions. These and
other considerations can make the difference between a good
installation and one with damaged conductors.
Mechanical stresses during installation are generally more severe

than those encountered while in service. The following information
provides guidance in recognizing these conditions and provides a
methodology to aid in keeping them within acceptable limits.
62
10.1.1 Maximum Allowable Tension
Calculations should be made whether the pull looks easy or

impossible, making the decision as where to pull an obvious
choice. When an obscure situation is encountered, the entire pull
should be reviewed. This review may include more rigorous
calculations or trial pulls. A final decision should be made based
on installation factors known to the end user and installer.
The sizes of the conduit are determined based on the calculations

of clearances, jamming, and fill. Pulling tensions may be
evaluated by determining the maximum tension based on the
pulling device used, and the maximum tension that can be
applied to the conductors. The lesser of these two values is the
maximum allowable tension. After calculating the pulling
tensions, sidewall pressures may be calculated.
Do not exceed the allowable tension stated by the manufacturer

of the pulling device or 10,000 pounds, whichever is less. Do not
use metallic shielding wires, tapes or braids, or armor not
designed for the purpose, in pulling tension calculations. The
maximum tension allowed for the conductors are computed as
follows:
Single Conductor:
T=S*A
Multiple Conductors:
T = N * S * A for 3 or less conductors
T = (0.8) * N * S * A for more than 3 conductors
where:
T = conductor tension, lbs
S = conductor stress, lbs/cmil (Table 22)
A = conductor area, cmil (Table 23)
N = number of conductors
63
Pulling different conductor sizes at the same time is not

recommended if the conductor size or other cable characteristics
are significantly different. If different size conductors must be
pulled, it must be done with care.
Table 22: Maximum Allowable Conductor Stress
Cable Type Material Temper lbs/cmil

All Copper soft 0.008
Power Aluminum Hard 0.008
Power Aluminum 3/4 hard 0.006
Power Aluminum AA-8000 0.006
URD Aluminum 1/2 hard 0.003
Solid Aluminum Soft 0.002
Table 23: Concentric Stranded Copper & Aluminum Conductor Area
AWG cmil AWG cmil

14 4,110 250 250,000
12 6,530 300 300,000
10 10,380 350 350,000
8 16,510 400 400,000
6 26,240 450 450,000
4 41,740 500 500,000
3 52,620 600 600,000
2 66,360 700 700,000
1 83,690 750 750,000
1/0 105,600 800 800,000
2/0 133,100 900 900,000
3/0 167,800 1000 1,000,000
4/0 211,600 1200 1,200,000
64
10.1.2 Pulling Tension Calculation
The following equations allow the user to calculate the expected

pulling tension of a conductor in a conduit pull.
Tin=WL
where; Tin = tension, lbs.

W= weight of one foot of cable, lbs.
L= length of pull, ft.
= coefficient of friction for the particular duct
material and outer layer of the cable.
The weight of the cable and the length of the pull can be
determined with great accuracy. The one variable that varies
tremendously is the value of the coefficient of frictionit can
vary from 0.05 to 1.0.
Even when the materials used in the duct and jacket are known,
the type and amount of lubricant can be an important factor in
this variation.
10.1.3 Coefficient of Friction
The coefficient of dynamic friction () is a measure of the

friction between a moving conductor and the conduit. The
coefficient of friction can have a large impact on the tension
calculation.
Table 24: Typical Coefficients of Dynamic Friction () for Cables with

an Adequate Cable Lubrication During a Pull
Cable Outer Jacket or Insulation Conduit Type

EMT PVC
Type THHN/THWN (Nylon) 0.28 0.24
Type XHHW, USE, RHH/RHW (XLPE) 0.25 0.14
65
10.1.4 Conductor Configuration
The configuration of three single-conductors in a conduit is

determined by the ratio of the conduit inner diameter (D) to the
outer diameter (d) of one of the single conductors (D/d ratio).
D
d 2.5 D
D d < 2.5
Cradled Triangular
Figure 8: Configuration of Three Single Conductors
A cradled configuration develops when three single-conductors

are pulled into a conduit where the D/d ratio is 2.5 or greater. A
triangular configuration develops when three single-conductors
are pulled into a conduit where the D/d ratio is less than 2.5.
10.1.5 Weight Correction Factor
This configuration of conductors can affect the tension. A weight

correction factor () is used in the tension equations to account
for this effect. This is given by the following equations:
Single Conductor:
=1
Three Conductor (Triangular):
Three Conductor (Cradled):
66
Four Conductors or More
To be conservative, it is recommended that the three-conductor

(triangular) factor be used when pulling two conductors.
10.1.6 Tension Formulas
Horizontal Straight Section:

Tout = WL+Tin
Inclined and Vertical Section:
Pulling up:
Tout = WL(sin + cos) + Tin (lbs)
Pulling Down:
Tout = WL(sin + cos) + Tin (lbs)
Elbows and Bends (approximation):

Tout = Tin e
where; Tout = tension out of a section, lbs

Tin = tension into a section, lbs
W= total cable weight, lbs/ft
L= straight section length, ft
= coefficient of dynamic friction
= weight correction factor
= straight section angle from horizontal,
radians
= bend section angle, radians
e= 2.71 natural logarithm base
67
10.1.7 Conductor Jamming
There is a tendency where cables may jam against the inside of

the conduit when the diameter of each cable is about one-third
the inner diameter of the duct. This commonly occurs when the
cables go around a bend or a series of bends. Jamming increases
the pulling tension to a point that it can damage the cable. Thus,
the jam ratio of the cables needs to be evaluated. The equation
for the jam ratio of three cables in a duct is as follows:
Jam ratio = 1.05 D

d
where; 1.05 factor to account the possible ovality of the

conduit in a bend and for the cable of having
a slightly different diameter at any point
D= inside diameter of the duct or conduit
d= outer diameter of each of the three cables
When the jam ratio falls between 2.6 and 3.2, jamming is
probable if there are bends in the run. Thus, to avoid possible
problem with conductor jamming, it is advisable to avoid pulls
where the jam ratio is between 2.6 and 3.2.
10.2 Sidewall Pressure
Sidewall pressure is the vector force that exists on the cable as it is

pulled through a bend. Because the surface area of the bend is
smaller in small radius bends, that force is concentrated over a much
smaller area. Most of the time sidewall pressure is the limiting factor
in a cable pull. It is calculated by the following equations:
Single-conductor cable or multiple-conductor cable under common

jacket:
68
Three Conductor (Triangular):
Three Conductor (Cradled):
where; Sp = sidewall pressure, lbs/ft

T= tension coming out of the bend, lbs
= weight correction factor
R= bend radius, ft
Table 25: Sidewall Bearing Pressure Limits
Cable Type SWBP, lbs/ft

Instrumentation 100
600 V non-shielded control 300
600 V power 500
5 to 15 kV shielded power 500
25 to 46 kV power 300
10.3 Bending Radius
The following are the minimum values for the radii to which
insulated cables may be bent during installation. These limits do not
apply to conduit bends, sheaves or other curved surfaces around
which the cable may be pulled under tension while being installed.
Larger radii bends may be required for such conditions to limit
69
sidewall pressure. In all cases the minimum radii specified refers to

the inner surface of the cable and not to the axis of the cable.
The minimum bending radii for both single and multiple-conductor

cable with or without lead sheath and without metallic shielding or
armor are as follows:
Table 26: Minimum Bending Radii for Power and Control Cables
without Metallic Shielding or Armor
Overall Diameter of cables, inches

Thickness of 2.001and
Conductor 1.000 and less 1.001 to 2.000 larger
Insulation, Minimum Bending Radius as
inches Multiple of Cable Diameter
0.156 and
4 5 6
less
0.157 to
5 6 7
0.315
0.316 and
- 7 8
over
Source: Okonite
70
Table 27: Minimum Bending Radii for Power and Control Cables with
Metallic Shielding or Armor, as Multiple of Cable Diameter
Type of Cable Power Control

Armored, flat tape or wire type 12... 12...
Armored, smooth aluminum sheath, up to; . .
...0.75 inches cable diameter 10*. 10*.
...0.76 to 1.5 inches cable diameter 12... 12...
...over 1.5 inches cable diameter 15... 15...
Armored, corrugated sheath or . .
...interlocked type 7... 7...
...with shielded single conductor 12... 12...
...with shielded multi-conductor **... **...
Non-armored, flat or corrugated . .
...tape shielded single conductor 12... 12...
...tape shielded multi-conductor **... **...
...multi-conductor overall tape shield 12... 12...
...LCS with PVC jacket 15... 15...
Non-armored, concentric neutral 8... ...
Non-armored, flat strap shielded 8... ...
Non-armored, wire shielded ***.. ...
* with shielded conductors 12
** 12 times single conductor diameter
or 7 times overall cable diameter whichever is greater
*** See Power and control cables without metallic shielding
LCS = longitudinally applied corrugated shield
Source: Okonite
71
11. PACKAGING
The usual cut for small diameter building wires is 150 meter and is
packaged in boxes. However, for bigger diameter wires and power
cables, these usually come in 300 meter rolls. For special and other
cutting or packaging requirements, this has to be specified and
coordinated with the wires and cables manufacturer.
12. CABLE/WIRE APPLICATION
In ordering wires/cables, it is important that the manufacturer knows the

intended application of the wires/cables. This in order that they can
recommend the type of cable best suited for the application. The usual
service conditions for cables are indoor/outdoor application in wet, damp,
and/or dry environment. However, for cables that are to be used in special
application or condition, this has to be communicated to the manufacturer.
13. CABLE INSTALLATION METHOD
Knowledge of the cable installation method to be used is important for the

manufacturer since the current carrying capacity of the cable will depend
on where the cables are to be laid such as in open air, raceway, cable tray,
conduit or directly buried. This is due to the heat generated by the cables
due to their close proximity and the capability of the type of cable
installation to dissipate this generated heat. Per Philippine Electrical
Code (PEC), certain de-rating factor has to be applied depending on the
particular installation method.
14. COLOR CODING
In accordance with the PEC, certain color coding is required for

conductors of a multi-core cable. Ground conductors shall have a
continuous white, white stripe or gray outer finish. On the other hand, live
wires can have any color, except the foregoing.
Equipment grounding conductor, however, shall have a continuous green

color or a continuous green color with one or more yellow stripes.
72
For jacketed cords furnished with appliances, one conductor having its
insulation colored light blue, with the other conductors having their
insulation of a readily distinguishable color other than white or gray.
For electric space-heating cables, the lead wire shall have the following
color identification to indicate the circuit voltage on which it is to be used:
(1) 115 volt, nominal yellow

(2) 208 volt, nominal blue
(3) 230 volt, nominal red
(4) 265 volt, nominal brown
(5) 460 volt, nominal - orange
15. REFERENCE STANDARDS
Wires and cables are usually made to comply with certain reference
standard (e.g. Philippine National Standard (PNS), IEC, ASTM, ICEA,
AIEC, NEMA, UL, etc.) Some PNS on wires and cables are listed in
Annex C.
16. STORAGE
Another important consideration or information needed to be

communicated to the wire manufacturer/supplier is the storage of the cable
at site, whether it will be stored indoor or outdoor. If the cable will be
stored outdoor and subjected to the elements, depending on the cable
insulation or construction and the sealing of its terminals, the cable
performance may be degraded. Likewise, for power conductors on
reels, especially when it is expected to be stored outdoors for
extended periods, special attention should also be taken on the material of
the cable reel. Should the reels be made of wood, the reel may rot after
some time making it difficult to transport the cable to another site.
73
Hereunder are some use and storage suggestions:
(1) Upon receipt, cable protective covering should be thoroughly

scrutinized for possible signs of damage during delivery. If
evidence of damage is found, inform the carrier immediately.
(2) During unloading, make sure that the

equipment used does not have contact
with the cable surface and its
protective covering. When a crane is
being used, a cradle supporting the reel
flanges or a shaft through the arbor
hole should be used. If unloading is
being done with the use of a forklift,
the forks must lift the reel at 90 to the
flanges and must be long enough to
reach both flanges. The fork must not
make contact with the cable surface or
the cable protective covering.
(3) If an inclined ramp is used during

unloading, the ramp must be wide
enough to have contact with both
flanges. When controlling the decent
of the reel, it should be done through
the use of the reel flanges and not the
surface of the cable.
(4) The reels should not be dropped from

the delivering vehicle to the ground
whatever the circumstance.
(5) The weight of the reel and cable must

be allowed to rest on the flanges,
which, in turn, should be resting on a
hard surface to prevent the flanges
from sinking and shifting part of said
weight to the cables.
74
(6) Reels should be stored in an area where no falling debris of

construction material or other objects that can damage the cable.
(7) Cable should not be stored in an area where chemicals or

petroleum can be spilled or sprayed on the cable.
(8) Reels of cable with unjacketed sheath or armor (aluminum or

steel) should be stored indoors. Unjacketed sheath or armor easily
corrodes when exposed outside.
(9) Care must be taken when a reel of cable is rolled from one point to
another, see to it that there are no objects on the surface area
which could have contact and damage the cable surface or its
protective covering.
(10)Keep cable away from open fires or sources of heat.
(11)Cable ends must always be sealed to prevent the entrance of

moisture.
17. AVAILABLE CABLE HANDLING EQUIPMENT AT SITE
It will be important for the cable and wire manufacturer/supplier to know

whether there will be any cable handling equipment available at site so that
they can prepare the means to unload the cables safely from the transport
vehicle.
If a cable handling equipment is available at site, its capacity has to be

communicated to the manufacturer/supplier so as to ensure that it is
capable of handling the weight of the cable.
18. SAFEGUARDS FOR INSTALLING WIRES AND CABLES

IN CONDUIT
Investigations have shown that cable failures often can be attributed to

damage caused during installation due to carelessness, inexperience and
inability to observe certain simple precautions. In order to eliminate such
preventable causes of electrical shutdowns and loss of production, the
following procedures should be followed:
75
18.1 Before Pulling Wire/Cable
(1) Know and observe all Philippine Electrical Code rules

regarding installation.
(2) Check the conduit and wire/cable sizes and actual overall
diameters in order to be sure that the approved "fill" will not
be exceeded. Do not "crowd" the conduit.
(3) Check the type of wire/cable to be installed.
(4) Consider the use of larger conduits or additional pull boxes.
(5) Check any obstruction on the conduit.
(6) To loosen any burrs, pull a short mandrel or plug closely
approximating the diameter of the conduit and clean out any
remaining dirt or foreign matter, follow it up with a swab.
18.2 While Pulling Wire/Cable
(1) To prevent short bends, sharp edges and "crossover", always

have a man feed wire straight into a conduit by hand or over a
large diameter sheave for large conductors/cables.
(2) Remove all lashings used for temporary bunching of
individual wires/cables before they enter the conduit.
(3) Lead-out wires at all pull boxes and conduits. Feed them in
again for the next run.
(4) Never pull directly around short right angled bends.
18.3 After Pulling Wire/Cable
Shut off the exposed ends of the excess wire/cable on the reel with a
tape to prevent moisture from entering the wire/cable.
19. SAFEGUARD FOR SWITCHBOARD AND SIMILAR OPEN

WIRING
To avoid cutting or deforming the insulation at the contact point use wide
tape or straps with rounded edges instead of narrow strings when binding
groups of wires, especially non-braided wires.
76
20. WIRE/CABLE ORDERING FORM
In order to guide the user, electrical designer or the purchaser in

correctly ordering or specifying the cable or wire that is needed for his
specific use and for the wire and cable manufacturer/supplier to have the
necessary information to know the specific needs of his customer so that he
can give a correct price quotation, a wire/cable ordering form has been
developed in Annex D.
77
78
ANNEXES
79
80
ANNEX A
Table A1. Conductor Types and Sizes for 115/230-Volt, 3-Wire,
Single-Phase Dwelling Services and Feeders. Conductor Types RHH,
RHW, RHW-2, THHN, THHW, THW, THW-2, THWN, THWN-2,
XHHW, XHHW-2, SE, USE, USE-2
Conductor mm2 Service or Feeder

Rating (Amperes)
Copper Aluminum
22 30 100
30 38 110
30 50 125
38 60 150
50 80 175
60 100 200
80 125 225
100 150 250
125 175 300

175 250 350
200 325 400
81
Table A2. Ampacities of Not More Than Three Single Insulated

Conductors, Rated 0 Through 2 000 Volts, Supported on a
Messenger, Based on Ambient Air Temperature of 40C
Temperature Rating of Conductor (See Table 3.10.1.13.)

75C 90C 75C 90C
Type
RH,
RHW, Types Type
THHW, THHN, THHW, THHN, THHW,
THW, THW-2, THWN-2, Types RHH, XHHW,
THWN, RHH, RWH-2, RH, RHW, RHW-2, XHHW-2,
Conductor XHHW, USE-2, XHHW-2, THHW, THW, THW-2, THWN-2,
Size ZW ZW-2 THWN, ZHHW USE-2, ZW-2
mm2 COPPER ALUMINUM
125 316 369 248 288
150 363 423 285 331
175 390 460 310 360
200 416 486 327 382
250 496 581 392 458
325 576 674 458 535
375 630 740 505 590
400 659 771 529 617
500 741 870 606 709
Table A3. Ampacities of Insulated Single Copper Conductor Cables

Triplexed in Air Based on Conductor Temperatures of 90C and
105C and Ambient Air Temperature of 40C

(See Table 3.10.1.61)
2 0015 000 Volts 5 00135 000 Volts
Ampacity Ampacity
Conductor 105C 105C
Size 90C Type Type 90C Type Type
mm2 MV-90 MV-105 MV-90 MV-105
125 370 410 375 420
175 460 510 465 520
250 580 640 580 650
375 740 825 720 810
400 770 860 750 845
500 870 970 840 940
82
Table A4. Ampacities of Insulated Single Aluminum Conductor

Cables Triplexed in Air Based on Conductor Temperatures of 90C
and 105C and Ambient Air Temperature of 40C

(See Table 3.10.1.61)
2 0015 000 Volts 5 00135 000 Volts
Ampacity Ampacity
Conductor 105C 105C
mm2 MV-90 MV-105 MV-90 MV-105
125 290 320 295 330
175 360 400 365 410
250 460 510 460 515
375 595 660 585 655
400 620 685 605 680
500 705 790 690 770
Table A5. Ampacities of Insulated Single Copper Conductor Isolated

in Air Based on Conductor Temperatures of 90C and 105C and
Ambient Air Temperature of 40C

(See Table 3.10.1.61)
2 0015 000 5 00115 000 15 00135 000
Volts Volts Volts
Ampacity Ampacity Ampacity
90C 105C 90C 105C 90C 105C
Conductor Type Type Type Type Type Type
Size MV- MV- MV- MV- MV- MV-
mm2 90 105 90 105 90 105
125 435 485 435 485 430 480
175 545 605 545 600 540 595
250 695 775 685 765 680 755
375 890 990 875 980 860 960
400 925 1 030 910 1 020 895 1 000
500 1 060 1 185 1 050 1 030 1 030 1 145
83
Table A6. Ampacities of Insulated Single Aluminum Conductor

Isolated in Air Based on Conductor Temperatures of 90C and
105C and Ambient Air Temperature of 40C

(See Table 3.10.1.61)
2 0015 000 5 00115 000 15 00135 000
Volts Volts Volts
Ampacity Ampacity Ampacity
90C 105C 90C 105C 90C 105C
Conductor Type Type Type Type Type Type
Size MV- MV- MV- MV- MV- MV-
mm2 90 105 90 105 90 105
125 340 380 340 380 340 375
175 425 475 425 475 425 470
250 545 605 535 600 530 590
375 700 780 690 770 680 755
400 730 815 720 805 705 790
500 845 940 830 930 815 910
Table A7. Ampacities of an Insulated Three-Conductor Copper

Cable Isolated in Air Based on Conductor Temperatures of 90C

(See Table 3.10.1.61)
2 0015 000 Volts 5 00135 000 Volts
Ampacity Ampacity
Conductor 105C 105C
mm2 MV-90 MV-105 MV-90 MV-105
125 315 350 355 395
175 390 435 430 485
250 485 545 535 600
375 610 680 665 735
400 635 705 690 765
500 695 780 760 850
84
Table A8. Ampacities of an Insulated Three-Conductor Aluminum

Cable Isolated in Air Based on Conductor Temperatures of 90C

(See Table 3.10.1.61)
2 0015 000 Volts 5 00135 000 Volts
Ampacity Ampacity
Conductor 105C 105C
mm2 MV-90 MV-105 MV-90 MV-105
125 250 280 280 315
75 305 340 340 380
250 385 430 425 475
375 490 545 535 595
400 510 565 555 615
500 575 640 625 695
Table A9. Ampacities of an Insulated Triplexed or Three Single-

Conductor Copper Cables in Isolated Conduit in Air Based on
Conductor Temperatures of 90C and 105C and Ambient Air
Temperature of 40C

(See Table 3.10.1.61)
2 0015 000 Volts 5 00135 000 Volts
Ampacity Ampacity
Conductor 105C 105C
mm2 MV-90 MV-105 MV-90 MV-105
125 310 350 325 360
175 380 425 390 435
250 475 530 480 535
375 595 660 580 650
400 615 685 600 675
500 680 760 665 745
85
Table A10. Ampacities of an Insulated Triplexed or Three Single-

Conductor Aluminum Cables in Isolated Conduit in Air Based on
Conductor Temperatures of 90C and 105C and Ambient Air
Temperature of 40C

(See Table 3.10.1.61)
2 0015 000 Volts 5 00135 000 Volts
Ampacity Ampacity
Conductor 105C 105C
mm2 MV-90 MV-105 MV-90 MV-105
125 250 280 255 290
175 300 335 305 345
250 380 425 385 430
375 485 540 480 535
400 505 560 500 555
500 570 635 555 630
Table A11. Ampacities of an Insulated Three-Conductor Copper

Cable in Isolated Conduit in Air Based on Conductor Temperatures
of 90C and 105C and Ambient Air Temperature of 40C

(See Table 3.10.1.61)
2 0015 000 Volts 5 00135 000 Volts
Ampacity Ampacity
Conductor 105C 105C
mm2 MV-90 MV-105 MV-90 MV-105
125 275 310 310 345
175 345 385 380 425
250 425 475 470 525
375 520 580 565 630
400 540 600 585 655
500 580 650 640 715
86
Table A12. Ampacities of an Insulated Three-Conductor Aluminum

Cable in Isolated Conduit in Air Based on Conductor Temperatures
of 90C and 105C and Ambient Air Temperature of 40C

(See Table 3.10.1.61)
2 0015 000 Volts 5 00135 000 Volts
Ampacity Ampacity
Conductor 105C 105C
mm2 MV-90 MV-105 MV-90 MV-105
125 215 240 245 275
175 270 300 300 335
250 340 380 380 425
375 425 475 465 515
400 440 495 485 535
500 500 550 540 605
87
Table A13. Ampacities of Three Single-Insulated Copper

Conductors in Underground Electrical Ducts (Three Conductors per
Electrical Duct) Based on Ambient Earth Temperature of 20C,
Electrical Duct Arrangement per Figure 3.10.1.60, 100 Percent Load
Factor, Thermal Resistance (RHO) of 90, Conductor Temperatures
of 90C and 105C

(See Table 3.10.1.61)
2 0015 000 Volts 5 00135 000 Volts
Ampacity Ampacity
Conductor 105C 105C
mm2 MV-90 MV-105 MV-90 MV-105
One Circuit (See Figure 3.10.1.60, Detail 1.)
125 315 340 320 340
175 380 410 385 410
250 470 505 465 500
375 580 625 560 605
400 600 650 580 630
500 660 710 630 680
Three Circuits (See Figure 3.10.1.60, Detail 2.)
125 255 275 255 275
175 310 330 305 325
250 375 405 370 395
375 455 490 435 470
400 475 510 454 490
500 520 555 490 530
Six Circuits (See Figure 3.10.1.60, Detail 3.)
125 205 220 205 220
175 245 265 240 260
250 300 325 290 310
375 360 390 345 370
400 375 405 360 385
500 405 440 385 410
88
Table A14. Ampacities of Three Single-Insulated Aluminum

Conductors in Underground Electrical Ducts (Three Conductors per
Electrical Duct) Based on Ambient Earth Temperature of 20C,
Electrical Duct Arrangement per Figure 3.10.1.60, 100 Percent Load
Factor, Thermal Resistance (RHO) of 90, Conductor Temperatures
of 90C and 105C

(See Table 3.10.1.61)
2 0015 000 Volts 5 00135 000 Volts
Ampacity Ampacity
Conductor 105C 105C
mm2 MV-90 MV-105 MV-90 MV-105
125 245 265 245 265
175 300 320 300 325
250 370 400 370 400
375 465 500 450 485
400 485 520 470 505
500 535 580 520 555
125 200 215 195 215
175 240 260 240 255
250 295 320 290 315
375 365 390 350 380
400 380 405 365 395
500 420 455 400 435
125 160 175 160 170
175 190 205 195 205
250 240 255 230 250
375 285 310 275 300
400 295 325 285 315
500 330 355 315 340
89
Table A15. Ampacities of Three Insulated Copper Conductors

Cabled Within an Overall Covering (Three-Conductor Cable) in
Underground Electrical Ducts (One Cable per Electrical Duct)
Based on Ambient Earth Temperature of 20C, Electrical Duct
Arrangement per Figure 3.10.1.60, 100 Percent Load Factor,
Thermal Resistance (RHO) of 90, Conductor Temperatures of 90C
and 105C

(See Table 3.10.1.61)
2 0015 000 Volts 5 00135 000 Volts
Ampacity Ampacity
Conductor 105C 105C
mm2 MV-90 MV-105 MV-90 MV-105
125 285 310 305 330
175 350 375 370 395
250 430 460 450 485
375 525 565 540 580
400 545 585 560 600
500 590 635 605 650
125 240 260 250 265
175 290 310 300 320
250 355 380 360 385
375 425 460 425 460
400 440 480 440 480
500 480 515 480 510
125 195 215 200 215
175 235 265 240 270
250 290 310 290 305
375 345 370 335 360
400 360 385 350 375
500 385 415 375 400
90
Table A16. Ampacities of Three Insulated Aluminum Conductors

Cabled Within an Overall Covering (Three-Conductor Cable) in
Underground Electrical Ducts (One Cable per Electrical Duct)
Based on Ambient Earth Temperature of 20C, Electrical Duct
Arrangement per Figure 3.10.1.60, 100 Percent Load Factor,
and 105C

(See Table 3.10.1.61)
2 0015 000 Volts 5 00135 000 Volts
Ampacity Ampacity
Conductor 105C 105C
mm2 MV-90 MV-105 MV-90 MV-105
125 225 240 240 260
175 275 305 290 310
250 340 365 355 385
375 420 455 435 470
400 435 475 450 490
500 490 530 505 535
125 185 200 195 210
175 225 245 235 250
250 280 300 285 305
375 340 370 345 370
400 355 385 360 385
500 395 425 395 425
125 155 165 155 165
175 185 200 190 200
250 230 245 230 245
375 275 300 270 290
400 285 315 280 300
500 315 340 310 330
91
Table A17. Ampacities of Single Insulated Copper Conductors

Directly Buried in Earth Based on Ambient Earth Temperature of
20C, Arrangement per Figure 3.10.1.60, 100 Percent Load Factor,
and 105C

(See Table 3.10.1.61)
2 0015 000 Volts 5 00135 000 Volts
Ampacity Ampacity
Conductor 105C 105C
2
mm MV-90 MV-105 MV-90 MV-105
One Circuit, Three Conductors (See Figure 3.10.1.60, Detail 9.)
125 460 500 430 465
175 560 610 530 570
250 690 745 650 700
375 835 900 795 855
400 870 940 830 890
500 970 1 045 920 995
Two Circuits, Six Conductors (See Figure 3.10.1.60, Detail 10.)
125 425 460 405 430
175 510 550 490 525
250 630 680 600 645
375 765 825 730 785
400 800 860 760 820
500 880 950 845 910
92
Table A18. Ampacities of Single Insulated Aluminum Conductors

and 105C

(See Table 3.10.1.61)
2 0015 000 Volts 5 00135 000 Volts
Ampacity Ampacity
Conductor 105C 105C
2
mm MV-90 MV-105 MV-90 MV-105
125 365 390 340 365
175 440 475 410 445
250 540 580 510 545
375 660 710 630 670
400 685 740 655 700
500 770 830 730 785
125 355 360 315 340
175 405 435 380 410
250 495 530 470 505
375 605 650 575 620
400 630 675 595 645
500 700 775 670 720
93
Table A19. Ampacities of Three Insulated Copper Conductors

Cabled Within an Overall Covering (Three-Conductor Cable),
and 105C

(See Table 3.10.1.61)
2 0015 000 Volts 5 00135 000 Volts
Ampacity Ampacity
Conductor 105C 105C
mm2 MV-90 MV-105 MV-90 MV-105
125 360 390 375 405
175 435 470 455 490
250 530 570 550 590
375 640 690 660 710
400 670 720 685 740
500 720 775 740 800
Two Circuits, (See Figure 3.10.1.60, Detail 6.)
125 335 340 325 350
175 405 435 415 445
250 490 525 500 535
375 590 635 600 645
400 610 660 625 670
500 655 705 665 720
94
Table A20. Ampacities of Three Insulated Aluminum Conductors

Cabled Within an Overall Covering (Three-Conductor Cable),
and 105C

(See Table 3.10.1.61)
2 0015 000 Volts 5 00135 000 Volts
Ampacity Ampacity
Conductor 105C 105C
mm2 MV-90 MV-105 MV-90 MV-105
125 280 305 295 315
175 340 370 355 385
250 420 450 435 470
375 515 555 535 575
400 535 575 555 595
500 590 640 610 655
Two Circuits, (See Figure 3.10.1.60, Detail 6.)
125 260 280 270 290
175 315 340 325 350
250 385 415 395 425
375 475 510 480 520
400 495 530 500 540
500 540 580 550 590
95
Table A21. Ampacities of Three Triplexed Single Insulated Copper

Conductors Directly Buried in Earth Based on Ambient Earth
Temperature of 20C, Arrangement per Figure 3.10.1.60, 100
Percent Load Factor, Thermal Resistance (RHO) of 90, Conductor
Temperatures 90C and 105C

(See Table 3.10.1.61)
2 0015 000 Volts 5 00135 000 Volts
Ampacity Ampacity
Conductor 105C 105C
mm2 MV-90 MV-105 MV-90 MV-105
125 405 435 385 405
175 485 570 465 500
250 590 635 565 605
375 715 770 675 730
400 745 805 705 760
500 815 875 760 820
125 365 390 350 375
175 440 475 420 450
250 535 575 510 545
375 640 690 610 655
400 670 720 635 680
500 730 785 680 735
96
Table A22. Ampacities of Three Triplexed Single Insulated

Aluminum Conductors Directly Buried in Earth Based on Ambient
Earth Temperature of 20C, Arrangement per Figure 3.10.1.60, 100
Percent Load Factor, Thermal Resistance (RHO) of 90, Conductor
Temperatures 90C and 105C
(See Table 3.10.1.61)
2 0015 000 Volts 5 00135 000 Volts
Ampacity Ampacity
Conductor 90C 105C 90C 105C
Size Type Type Type Type
mm2 MV-90 MV-105 MV-90 MV-105
125 315 345 300 320
175 380 415 365 395
250 465 500 445 480
375 575 620 545 585
400 595 645 565 605
500 660 715 625 670
125 285 305 275 295
175 345 370 330 450
250 420 455 405 435
375 515 555 480 520
400 535 575 500 540
500 590 635 555 595
97
Table A23. Minimum Wire-Bending Space at Terminals
Wires per Terminal

Wire Size 1 2 3 4 or more
mm2 mm mm mm mm
125 215d (50) 215d (50) 230b (25) 250
150 250e (75) 250d (50) 280b (25) 300
175 305e (75) 305e (50) 330e (25) 350d
200 330e (75) 330e (75) 350e (75) 380e (75)
250 350e (75) 350e (75) 380e (75) 400e (75)
325 380e (75) 400e (75) 455e (75) 480e (75)
375 405e (75) 460e (75) 510e (75) 560e (75)
400 430e (75) 480e (75) 560e (75) 610e (75)
1. Bending space at terminals shall be measured in a straight line from the end of the
lug or wire connector in a direction perpendicular to the enclosure wall.
2. For removable and lay-in wire terminals intended for only one wire, bending space
shall be permitted to be reduced by the following number of millimeters:
a 13 mm
b 25 mm
c 40 mm
d 50 mm
e 75 mm
3. This column shall be permitted to determine the required wire-bending space for
compact stranded aluminum conductors in sizes up to 500 mm2 and manufactured using
AA-8000 series electrical grade aluminum alloy conductor material in accordance with
3.10.1.14.
98
Table A24. Full-Load Current, Three-Phase Alternating-Current

Motors
The following values of full-load currents are typical for motors running at speeds usual for belted
motors and motors with normal torque characteristics.
The voltages listed are rated motor voltages. The currents listed shall be permitted for system
voltage ranges of 220 to 240, 380 to 415, and 440 to 480 volts.
Induction-Type Squirrel
Cage and Wound Rotor Synchronous-Type Unity
(Amperes) Power Factor* (Amperes)
230 400 460 230 400 460
Horsepower Volts Volts Volts Volts Volts Volts
2.2 1.3 1.1
3.2 1.8 1.6
1 4.2 2.3 2.1
1 6.0 3.3 3.0
2 6.8 4.3 3.4
3 9.6 6.1 4.8
5 15.2 9.7 7.6
7 22 14 11
10 28 18 14
15 42 27 21
20 54 34 27
25 68 44 34 53 33.6 26
30 80 51 40 63 40.8 32
40 104 66 52 83 52 41
50 130 83 65 104 66.4 52
60 154 103 77 123 81.6 61
75 192 128 96 155 104 78
100 248 165 124 202 134.4 101
125 312 208 156 253 168 126
150 360 240 180 302 201.3 151
200 480 320 240 400 268 201
250 403 302
300 482 361
350 560 414
400 636 477
450 711 515
500 786 590
*For 90 and 80 percent power factor, the figures shall be multiplied by 1.1 and 1.25,
respectively.
99
Table A25. Conversion Table of Polyphase Design B, C, and D

Maximum Locked-Rotor Currents for Selection of Disconnecting
Means and Controllers as Determined from Horsepower and
Voltage Rating and Design Letter
For use only with 4.30.9.10, 4.40.2.2, 4.40.5.1 and 4.55.1.8(c).
Maximum Motor Locked-Rotor Current in Amperes,

Two- and Three-Phase, Design B, C, and D*
Rated 230 Volts 400 volts 460 Volts
Horsepower B, C, D E B, C, D E B, C, D E
20 20 12. 12 10 10
25 25 14.5 14.5 12.5 12.5
1 30 30 16.5 16.5 15 15
1 40 40 22 22 20 20
2 50 50 32 32 25 25
3 64 73 41 46.5 32 36.5
5 92 122 59 78 46 61
7 127 183 81 116.5 63.5 91.5
10 162 225 104.5 145.5 81 113
15 232 337 149.5 217.5 116 169
20 290 449 183 283.5 145 225
25 365 562 237 364 183 281
30 435 674 278 430 218 337
40 580 824 368.5 523 290 412
50 725 1030 463.5 658 363 515
60 870 1236 582 827 435 618
75 1085 1545 724 1031 543 773
100 1450 1873 965 1247 725 937
125 1815 2341 1211 1561.5 908 1171
150 2170 2809 1447 1873.5 1085 1405
200 2900 3745 1933.5 2497.5 1450 1873
250 2435.5 3128 1825 2344
300 2937.5 3750.5 2200 2809
350 3449.5 4433 2550 3277
400 3867 4993.5 2900 3745
450 4487 5818 3250 4214
500 4829.5 6237.5 3625 4682
*Design A motors are not limited to a maximum starting current or locked rotor
current.
100
Table A26 Ampacities of Two or Three Insulated Conductors,

Rated 0 through 2000 Volts, Within an Overall Covering
(Multiconductor Cable), in Raceway in Free Air Based on Ambient
Air Temperature of 30C
Temperature Rating of Conductor. See Table 3.10.1.13

600C 750C 900C 600C 750C 900C
Types Types
THHN, THHN,
Types
THHW, Types THHW,
RH,
THW-2, RH, THW-2,
RHW,
Types THWN-2, RHW, THWN-2,
Conductor Size THHW, Types
TW, RHH, THHW, RHH,
mm2 THW, TW
UF RHW-2, THW, RHW-2,
THWN,
USE-2, THWN, USE-2,
XHHW,
XHHW, XHHW XHHW,
ZW
XHHW-2, XHHW-2,
ZW-2 ZW-2
COPPER ALUMINUM
125 205 245 276 160 192 217
150 234 281 317 185 221 250
175 250 300 340 199 238 270
200 274 328 371 218 261 295
250 315 378 427 254 303 342
*Unless otherwise specifically permitted elsewhere in this Code, the overcurrent protection for
these conductor types shall not exceed 15 amperes for 2.0 mm2 (1.6 mm dia.), 20 amperes for 3.5
mm2 (2.0 mm dia.), and 30 amperes for 5.5 mm2 (2.6 mm dia.) copper; or 15 amperes for 3.5 mm2
(2.0 mm dia.) and 25 amperes for 5.5 mm2 (2.6 mm dia.) aluminum and copper-clad aluminum.
101
Table A27. Ampacities of Multiconductor Cables with Not More

than Three Insulated Conductors, Rated 0 Through 2000 Volts, in
Free Air Based on Ambient Air Temperature of 40C (For Types
TC, MC, MI, UF, and USE Cables)
Temperature Rating of Conductor. See Table 3.10.1.13.

Conductor Size
600C 750C 850C 900C 600C 750C 850C 900C
mm2
COPPER ALUMINUM
125 212 274 305 320 166 214 239 250
150 237 306 341 357 186 240 268 280
175 257 332 371 388 202 261 292 304
200 281 363 406 425 222 287 317 334
250 321 416 465 487 255 330 368 385
*Unless otherwise specifically permitted elsewhere in this Code, the overcurrent protection for
these conductor types shall not exceed 15 amperes for 2.0 mm2 (1.6 mm dia.), 20 amperes for 3.5
mm2 (2.0 mm dia.), and 30 amperes for 5.5 mm2 (2.6 mm dia.) copper; or 15 amperes for 3.5 mm2
(2.0 mm dia.), and 25 amperes for 5.5 mm2 (2.6 mm dia.) aluminum and copper-clad aluminum.
102
Table A28. Ampacities of Single Insulated Conductors, Rated 0 through 2000 Volts, in Nonmagnetic
Underground Electrical Ducts (One Conductor per Electrical Duct), Based on Ambient Earth
Temperature of 20C, Electrical Duct Arrangement per Figure B-310-2, Conductor Temperature
75C

3 Electrical Duct 9 Electrical Duct 3 Electrical Duct 6 Electrical Duct 9 Electrical Duct
6 Electrical Duct
(Fig. B-310-2, (Fig. B-310-2, (Fig. B-310-2, (Fig. B-310-2, (Fig. B-310-2,
Detail 2) (Fig. B-310-2, Detail 4) Detail 2) Detail 3) Detail 4)
Detail 3)
Types Types Types Types Types Types
Conductor RHW, THHW, RHW, THHW, RHW, THHW, RHW, THHW, RHW, THHW, RHW, THHW,
Size THW, THWN, THW, THWN, THW, THWN, THW, THWN, THW, THWN, THW, THWN,
(mm2) XHHW, USE XHHW, USE XHHW, USE XHHW, USE XHHW, USE XHHW, USE
COPPER ALUMINUM
103
RHO RHO RHO RHO RHO RHO RHO RHO RHO RHO RHO RHO RHO RHO RHO RHO RHO RHO
60 90 120 60 90 120 60 90 120 60 90 120 60 90 120 60 90 120
LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF
50 100 100 50 100 100 50 100 100 50 100 100 50 100 100 50 100 100
125 410 344 327 386 295 275 369 270 252 320 269 256 302 230 214 288 211 197
175 503 418 396 472 355 330 446 322 299 393 327 310 369 277 258 350 252 235
250 624 511 484 583 431 400 545 387 360 489 401 379 457 337 313 430 305 284
400 794 640 603 736 534 494 674 469 434 626 505 475 581 421 389 538 375 347
Table A29. Ampacities of Three Insulated Conductors, Rated 0 through 2000 Volts, Within an Overall
Covering (Three-Conductor Cable) in Underground Electrical Ducts (One Cable per Electrical Duct)
Based on Ambient Earth Temperature of 20C, Electrical Duct Arrangement per Figure B-310-2,
Conductor Temperature 75C

1 Electrical Duct 3 Electrical Duct 6 Electrical Duct 1 Electrical Duct 3 Electrical Duct 6 Electrical Duct
(Fig. B-310-2, Detail 1) (Fig. B-310-2, Detail 2) (Fig. B-310-2, Detail 3) (Fig. B-310-2, Detail 1) (Fig. B-310-2, Detail 2) (Fig. B-310-2, Detail 3)
RHW, THHW, RHW, THHW, RHW, THHW, RHW, THHW, RHW, THHW, RHW, THHW,
Conductor THW, THWN, THW, THWN, THW, THWN, THW, THWN, THW, THWN, THW, THWN,
Size XHHW, USE XHHW, USE XHHW, USE XHHW, USE XHHW, USE XHHW, USE
(mm2)
COPPER ALUMINUM
104
60 90 120 60 90 120 60 90 120 60 90 120 60 90 120 60 90 120
50 100 100 50 100 100 50 100 100 50 100 100 50 100 100 50 100 100
125 297 265 256 280 222 209 258 184 169 233 207 201 219 174 163 505 144 132
175 363 321 310 340 267 250 312 219 202 285 252 244 267 209 196 245 172 158
250 444 389 375 414 320 299 377 261 240 352 308 297 328 254 237 299 207 190
400 552 478 459 511 388 362 462 314 288 446 386 372 413 314 293 374 254 233
500 628 539 518 579 435 405 522 351 321 521 447 430 480 361 336 433 291 266
Table A30. Ampacities of Three Single Insulated Conductors, Rated 0 Through 2000 Volts, in
Underground Electrical Ducts (Three Conductors per Electrical Duct) Based on Ambient Earth
Temperature of 20C, Electrical Duct Arrangement per Figure B-310-2, Conductor Temperature 75C
1 Electrical Duct 3 Electrical Duct 6 Electrical Duct 1 Electrical Duct 3 Electrical Duct 6 Electrical Duct

(Fig. B-310-2, Detail 1) (Fig. B-310-2, Detail 2) (Fig. B-310-2, Detail 3) (Fig. B-310-2, Detail 1) (Fig. B-310-2, Detail 2) (Fig. B-310-2, Detail 3)
Conductor RHW, THHW, THW, RHW, THHW, THW, RHW, THHW, THW, RHW, THHW, THW, RHW, THHW, THW, RHW, THHW, THW,
Size THWN, XHHW, USE THWN, XHHW, USE THWN, XHHW, USE THWN, XHHW, USE THWN, XHHW, USE THWN, XHHW, USE
mm2 COPPER ALUMINUM
60 90 120 60 90 120 60 90 120 60 90 120 60 90 120 60 90 120
50 100 100 50 100 100 50 100 100 50 100 100 50 100 100 50 100 100
125 334 290 279 310 236 220 281 192 176 261 227 218 242 185 172 220 150 137
105
150 373 321 308 344 260 242 310 210 192 293 252 242 272 204 190 245 165 151
175 409 351 337 377 283 264 340 228 209 321 276 265 296 222 207 266 179 164
200 442 376 361 394 302 280 368 243 223 349 297 284 321 238 220 288 191 174
Table A31. Ampacities of Two or Three Insulated Conductors,

Rated 0 Through 2000 Volts, Cabled Within an Overall (Two- or
Three-Conductor) Covering, Directly Buried in Earth, Based on
Ambient Earth Temperature of 20C, Arrangement per Figure
B-310-2, 100 Percent Load Factor, Thermal Resistance (Rho) of 90
1 Cable 2 Cable 1 Cable 2 Cable

(Fig. B-310-2, (Fig. B-310-2, (Fig. B-310-2, (Fig. B-310-2,
Detail 5) Detail 6) Detail 5) Detail 6)
600C 750C 600C 750C 600C 750C 600C 750C
Types Types Types Types
Conductor RHW, RHW, RHW, RHW,
Size THHW, THHW, THHW, THHW,
mm2 Types
THW,
Types
THW,
Types
THW,
Types
THW,
UF UF UF UF
THWN, THWN, THWN, THWN,
XHHW, XHHW, XHHW, XHHW,
USE USE USE USE
COPPER ALUMINUM
125 333 308 261 241
175 401 370 315 290
250 481 442 381 350
400 585 535 473 433
500 657 600 545 497
Note: For ampacities of Type UF cable in underground electrical ducts, multiply the
ampacities shown in the table by 0.74.
106
Table A32. Ampacities of Three Triplexed Single Insulated

Conductors, Rated 0 Through 2000 Volts, Directly Buried in Earth
Based on Ambient Earth Temperature of 20C, Arrangement per
Figure B-310-2, 100 Percent Load Factor, Thermal Resistance (Rho)
of 90
See Fig. B-310-2, See Fig. B-310-2, See Fig. B-310-2, See Fig. B-310-2,
Details 7 Details 8 Details 7 Details 8
Conductor
600C 750C 600C 750C 600C 750C 600C 750C
Size
TYPES TYPES
mm2
UF USE UF USE UF USE UF USE
COPPER ALUMINUM
125 370 336 289 263
175 445 403 349 316
250 436 483 424 382
400 654 587 525 471
500 744 665 608 544
Table A33. Ampacities of Three Single Insulated Conductors, Rated

0 Through 2000 Volts, Directly Buried in Earth Based on Ambient
Earth Temperature of 20C, Arrangement per Figure B-310-2, 100
Percent Load Factor, Thermal Resistance (Rho) of 90
See Fig. B-310-2, See Fig. B-310-2, See Fig. B-310-2, See Fig. B-310-2,
Detail 9 Detail 10 Detail 9 Detail 10
Conductor 600C 750C 600C 750C 600C 750C 600C 750C
Size TYPES TYPES
mm2 UF USE UF USE UF USE UF USE
COPPER ALUMINUM
125 429 394 335 308
175 516 474 403 370
250 626 572 490 448
400 767 700 605 552
107
Table A34. Maximum Number of Conductors and Fixture Wires in

Electrical Metallic Tubing (Based on Table 9.1.1.1)
CONDUCTORS
Conductor Raceway Size (mm)
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
(mm dia.)]
RH 2.0 (1.6) 6 10 16 28 39 64 112 169 221 282
3.5 (2.0) 4 8 13 23 31 51 90 136 177 227
RHH, 2.0 (1.6) 4 7 11 20 27 46 80 120 157 201
RHW, RHW-2 3.5 (2.0) 3 6 9 17 23 38 66 100 131 167
RH, 5.5 (2.6) 2 5 8 13 18 30 53 81 105 135
RHH, 8.0 (3.2) 1 2 4 7 9 16 28 42 55 70
RHW, RHW-2 14 1 1 3 5 8 13 22 34 44 56
22 1 1 2 4 6 10 17 26 34 44
30 1 1 1 3 4 7 13 20 26 33
38 0 1 1 1 3 5 9 13 17 22
50 0 1 1 1 2 4 7 11 15 19
60 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 10 13 17
80 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 11 14
100 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 9 12
125 00 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 9
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 7
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7
250 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 4 6
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5
375 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 4
400 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 4
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3
TW 2.0 (1.6) 8 15 25 43 58 96 168 254 332 424
3.5 (2.0) 6 11 19 33 45 74 129 195 255 326
5.5 (2.6) 5 8 14 24 33 55 96 145 190 243
8.0 (3.2) 2 5 8 13 18 30 53 81 105 135
RHH*, RHW*, 2.0 (1.6) 6 10 16 28 39 64 112 169 221 282
RHW-2*, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH*, RHW*, 3.5 (2.0) 4 8 13 23 31 51 90 136 177 227
RHW-2*, THHW, 5.5 (2.6) 3 6 10 18 24 40 70 106 138 177
THW
RHH*, RHW*, 8.0 (3.2) 1 4 6 10 14 24 42 63 83 106
THW-2*, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH*, RHW*, 14 1 3 4 8 11 18 32 48 63 81
RHW-2*, TW, 22 1 1 3 6 8 13 24 36 47 60
THW, THHW, 30 1 1 2 4 6 10 17 26 34 44
THW-2 38 1 1 1 3 4 7 12 18 24 31
50 0 1 1 2 3 6 10 16 20 26
60 0 1 1 1 3 5 9 13 17 22
80 0 1 1 1 2 4 7 11 15 19
100 0 0 1 1 1 3 6 9 12 16
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 13
150 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 11
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 4 6 7 10
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 9
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 7
*Types RHH, RHW, and RHW-2 without outer covering.
108
Table A34. Continued

CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
(mm dia.)]
RHH*, RHW*, 325 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 6
RHW-2*, TW, 375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5
THW, THHW, 400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5
THW-2 500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 4
THHN, THWN, 2.0 (1.6) 12 22 35 61 84 138 241 364 476 608
THWN-2 3.5 (2.0) 9 16 26 45 61 101 176 266 347 443
5.5 (2.6) 5 10 16 28 38 63 111 167 219 279
8.0 (3.2) 3 6 9 16 22 36 64 96 126 161
14 2 4 7 12 16 26 46 69 91 116
22 1 2 4 7 10 16 28 43 56 71
30 1 1 3 5 7 11 20 30 40 51
38 1 1 1 4 5 8 15 22 29 37
50 1 1 1 3 4 7 12 19 25 32
60 0 1 1 2 3 6 10 16 20 26
80 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 13 17 22
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 7 11 14 18
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 6 9 11 15
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 13
175 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 11
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 4 6 8 10
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
FEP, FEPB, PFA, 2.0 (1.6) 12 21 34 60 81 134 234 354 462 590
PFAH, TFE 3.5 (2.0) 9 15 25 43 59 98 171 258 337 430
5.5 (2.6) 6 11 18 31 42 70 122 185 241 309
8.0 (3.2) 3 6 10 18 24 40 70 106 138 177
14 2 4 7 12 17 28 50 75 98 126
22 1 3 5 9 12 20 35 53 69 88
30 1 1 3 6 8 13 24 36 47 60
PFA, PFAH, TFE 38 1 1 2 4 6 9 16 25 33 42
PFA, PFAH, 50 1 1 1 3 5 8 14 21 27 35
TFE, Z 60 0 1 1 3 4 6 11 17 22 29
80 0 1 1 2 3 5 9 14 18 24
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 8 11 15 19
Z 2.0 (1.6) 14 25 41 72 98 161 282 426 556 711
3.5 (2.0) 10 18 29 51 69 114 200 302 394 504
5.5 (2.6) 6 11 18 31 42 70 122 185 241 309
8.0 (3.2) 4 7 11 20 27 44 77 117 153 195
14 3 5 8 14 19 31 54 82 107 137
22 1 3 5 9 13 21 37 56 74 94
30 1 1 3 6 8 13 22 34 45 57
38 1 1 2 4 6 10 18 28 36 46
XHH, XHHW, 2.0 (1.6) 8 15 25 43 58 96 168 254 332 424
XHHW-2, ZW 3.5 (2.0) 6 11 19 33 45 74 129 195 255 326
5.5 (2.6) 5 8 14 24 33 55 96 145 190 243
8.0 (3.2) 2 5 8 13 18 30 53 81 105 135
*Types RHH, RHW, and RHW-2 without outer covering.
109

CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
(mm dia.)]
XHH, XHHW, 14 1 3 6 10 14 22 39 60 78 100
XHHW-2, ZW 22 1 2 4 7 10 16 28 43 56 72
30 1 1 3 5 7 11 20 31 40 51
XHH, XHHW, 38 1 1 1 4 5 8 15 23 30 38
XHHW-2 50 1 1 1 3 4 7 13 19 25 32
60 0 1 1 2 3 6 10 16 21 27
80 0 1 1 1 3 5 9 13 17 22
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 7 11 14 18
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 6 9 12 15
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 10 13
175 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 7 9 11
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 4 6 8 10
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 6
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 4
FIXTURE WIRES
Type
Size (mm2) 15 20 25 32 40 50
FFH-2, RFH-2, FHH-3 0.75 8 14 24 41 56 92
1.25 7 12 20 34 47 78
SF-2, SFF-2 0.75 10 18 30 52 71 116
1.25 8 15 25 43 58 96
2.0 7 12 20 34 47 78
SF-1, SFF-1 0.75 18 33 53 92 125 206
RFH-1, RFHH-2, TF, TFF, XF, 0.75 14 24 39 68 92 152
XFF
RFHH-2, TF, TFF, XF, XFF 1.25 11 19 31 55 74 123
XF, XFF 2.0 8 15 25 43 58 96
TFN, TFFN 0.75 22 38 63 108 148 244
1.25 17 29 48 83 113 186
PF, PFF, PGF, PGFF, PAF, 0.75 21 36 59 103 140 231
PTF, PTFF, PAFF 1.25 16 28 46 79 108 179
2.0 12 21 34 60 81 134
HF, HFF, ZF, ZFF, ZHF 0.75 27 47 77 133 181 298
1.25 20 35 56 98 133 220
2.0 14 25 41 72 98 161
KF-2, KFF-2 0.75 39 69 111 193 262 433
1.25 27 48 78 136 185 305
2.0 19 33 54 93 127 209
3.5 13 23 37 64 87 144
5.5 8 15 25 43 58 96
KF-1, KFF-1 0.75 46 82 133 230 313 516
1.25 33 57 93 161 220 362
2.0 22 38 63 108 148 244
3.5 14 25 41 72 98 161
5.5 9 16 27 47 64 105
XF, XFF 3.5 4 8 13 23 31 51
5.5 3 6 10 18 24 40
Note: This table is for concentric stranded conductors only. For compact stranded
conductors, Table A35 should be used.
110
Table A35. Maximum Number of Compact Conductors in Electrical

Metallic Tubing (Based on Table 9.1.1.1)
COMPACT CONDUCTORS
Type Conductor Raceway Size (mm)
Size (mm2) 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
THW, 8.0 2 4 6 11 16 26 46 69 90 115
THW-2, THHW 14 1 3 5 9 12 20 35 53 70 89
22 1 2 4 6 9 15 26 40 52 67
30 1 1 3 5 7 11 19 29 38 49
38 1 1 1 3 4 8 13 21 27 34
50 1 1 1 3 4 7 12 18 23 30
60 0 1 1 2 3 5 10 15 20 25
80 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 13 17 21
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 7 11 14 18
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 11 14
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 9 12
175 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 1110
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 4 6 8 8
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
THHN, THWN, 8.0
THWN-2 14 2 4 7 13 18 29 52 78 102 130
22 1 3 4 8 11 18 32 48 63 81
30 1 1 3 6 8 13 23 34 45 58
38 1 1 2 4 6 10 17 26 34 43
50 1 1 1 3 5 8 14 22 29 37
60 1 1 1 3 4 7 12 18 24 30
80 0 1 1 2 3 6 10 15 20 25
100 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 12 16 21
125 0 1 1 1 1 4 6 10 13 16
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 11 14
175 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 12
200 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 11
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 4 5 7 9
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 7
375 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 6
400 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 6
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 4
XHHW, XHHW- 8.0 3 5 8 15 20 34 59 90 117 149
2 14 1 4 6 11 15 25 44 66 87 111
22 1 3 4 8 11 18 32 48 63 81
30 1 1 3 6 8 13 23 34 45 58
38 1 1 2 4 6 10 17 26 34 43
50 1 1 1 3 5 8 14 22 29 37
60 1 1 1 3 4 7 12 18 24 31
80 0 1 1 2 3 6 10 15 20 25
100 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 13 17 21
125 0 1 1 1 2 4 7 10 13 17
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 6 9 11 14
175 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 10 13
200 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 7 9 11
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 4 6 7 9
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8
375 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6
400 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5
Definition: Compact stranding is the result of a manufacturing process where the
standard conductor is compressed to the extent that the interstices (voids between strand
wires) are virtually eliminated.
111
Table A36. Maximum Number of Conductors and Fixture Wires in Electrical

Nonmetallic Tubing (Based on Table 9.1.1.1)
CONDUCTORS
Conductor Size Raceway Size (mm)
Type
[mm2 (mm dia.)] 15 20 25 32 40 50
RH 2.0 (1.6) 4 8 15 27 37 61
3.5 (2.0) 3 7 12 21 29 49
RHH, RHW, 2.0 (1.6) 3 6 10 19 26 43
RHW-2 3.5 (2.0) 2 5 9 16 22 36
RH, 5.5 (2.6) 1 4 7 13 17 29
RHH, RHW, 8.0 (3.2) 1 1 3 6 9 15
RHW-2 14 1 1 3 5 7 12
22 1 1 2 4 6 9
30 0 1 1 3 4 7
38 0 1 1 1 3 5
50 0 0 1 1 2 4
60 0 0 1 1 1 3
80 0 0 1 1 1 3
100 0 0 1 1 1 2
125 0 0 0 1 1 1
150 0 0 0 1 1 1
175 0 0 0 1 1 1
200 0 0 0 1 1 1
250 0 0 0 0 1 1
325 0 0 0 0 1 1
375 0 0 0 0 0 1
400 0 0 0 0 0 1
500 0 0 0 0 0 1
TW 2.0 (1.6) 7 13 22 40 55 92
3.5 (2.0) 5 10 17 31 42 71
5.5 (2.6) 4 7 13 23 32 52
8.0 (3.2) 1 4 7 13 17 29
RHH*, RHW*, 2.0 (1.6) 4 8 15 27 37 61
RHW-2*, THHW,
THW, THW-2
RHH*, RHW*, 3.5 (2.0) 3 7 12 21 29 49
RHW-2*, THHW, 5.5 (2.6) 3 5 9 17 23 38
THW
RHH*, RHW*, 8.0 (3.2) 1 3 5 10 14 23
RHW-2*, THHW,
THW, THW-2
RHH*, RHW*, 14 1 2 4 7 10 17
RHW-2*, TW, 22 1 1 3 5 8 13
THW, THHW, 30 1 1 2 4 6 9
THW-2 38 0 1 1 3 4 6
50 0 1 1 2 3 5
60 0 1 1 1 3 5
80 0 0 1 1 2 4
100 0 0 1 1 1 3
125 0 0 1 1 1 2
150 0 0 0 1 1 2
175 0 0 0 1 1 1
200 0 0 0 1 1 1
250 0 0 0 1 1 1
325 0 0 0 0 1 1
375 0 0 0 0 1 1
400 0 0 0 0 1 1
500 0 0 0 0 0 1
*Type RHH, RHW, and RHW-2 without outer covering.
112
CONDUCTORS
Type
[mm2 (mm dia.)] 15 20 25 32 40 50
THHN, THWN, 2.0 (1.6) 10 18 32 58 80 132
THWN-2 3.5 (2.0) 7 13 23 42 58 96
5.5 (2.6) 4 8 15 26 36 60
8.0 (3.2) 2 5 8 15 21 35
14 1 3 6 11 15 25
22 1 1 4 7 9 15
30 1 1 2 5 6 11
38 1 1 1 3 5 8
50 0 1 1 3 4 7
60 0 1 1 2 3 5
80 0 1 1 1 3 4
100 0 0 1 1 2 4
125 0 0 1 1 1 3
150 0 0 1 1 1 2
175 0 0 0 1 1 2
200 0 0 0 1 1 1
250 0 0 0 1 1 1
325 0 0 0 1 1 1
375 0 0 0 0 1 1
400 0 0 0 0 1 1
500 0 0 0 0 0 1
FEP, FEPB, 2.0 (1.6) 10 18 31 56 77 128
PFA, PFAH, 3.5 (2.0) 7 13 23 41 56 93
TFE 5.5 (2.6) 5 9 16 29 40 67
8.0 (3.2) 3 5 9 17 23 38
14 1 4 6 12 16 27
22 1 2 4 8 11 19
30 1 1 3 5 8 13
PFA, PFAH, 38 1 1 1 4 5 9
TFE
PFA, PFAH, 50 0 1 1 3 4 7
TFE, Z 60 0 1 1 2 4 6
80 0 1 1 1 3 5
100 0 1 1 1 2 4
Z 2.0 (1.6) 12 22 38 68 93 154
3.5 (2.0) 8 15 27 48 66 109
5.5 (2.6) 5 9 16 29 40 67
8.0 (3.2) 3 6 10 18 25 42
14 1 4 7 13 18 30
22 1 3 5 9 12 20
30 1 1 3 5 7 12
38 1 1 2 4 6 10
XHH, XHHW, 2.0 (1.6) 7 13 22 40 55 92
XHHW-2, ZW 3.5 (2.0) 5 10 17 31 42 71
5.5 (2.6) 4 7 13 23 32 52
8.0 (3.2) 1 4 7 13 17 29
14 1 3 5 9 13 21
22 1 1 4 7 9 15
30 1 1 2 5 6 11
113
CONDUCTORS
Type
[mm2 (mm dia.)] 15 20 25 32 40 50
XHH, XHHW, 38 1 1 1 3 5 8
XHHW-2 50 0 1 1 3 4 7
60 0 1 1 2 3 6
80 0 1 1 1 3 5
100 0 0 1 1 2 4
125 0 0 1 1 1 3
150 0 0 1 1 1 3
175 0 0 1 1 1 2
200 0 0 0 1 1 1
250 0 0 0 1 1 1
325 0 0 0 1 1 1
375 0 0 0 0 1 1
400 0 0 0 0 1 1
500 0 0 0 0 0 1
FIXTURE WIRES
Type
(mm2) 15 20 25 32 40 50
FFH-2, RFH-2, RFHH-3 0.75 6 12 21 39 53 88
1.25 5 10 18 32 45 74
SF-2, SFF-2 0.75 8 15 27 49 67 111
1.25 7 13 22 40 55 92
2.0 5 10 18 32 45 74
SF-1, SFF-1 0.75 15 28 48 86 119 197
RFH-1, RFHH-2, TF, 0.75 11 20 35 64 88 145
TFF, XF, XFF
RFHH-2, TF, TFF, XF, 1.25 9 16 29 51 71 117
XFF
XF, XFF 2.0 7 13 22 40 55 92
TFN, TFFN 0.75 18 33 57 102 141 233
1.25 13 25 43 78 107 178
PF, PFF, PGF, PGFF, 0.75 17 31 54 97 133 221
PAF, PTF, PTFF, PAFF 1.25 13 24 42 75 103 171
2.0 10 18 31 56 77 128
HF, HFF, ZF, ZFF, ZHF 0.75 22 40 70 125 172 285
1.25 16 29 51 92 127 210
2.0 12 22 38 68 93 154
KF-2, KFF-2 0.75 31 58 101 182 250 413
1.25 22 41 71 128 176 291
2.0 15 28 49 88 121 200
3.5 10 19 33 60 83 138
5.5 7 13 22 40 55 92
KF-1, KFF-1 0.75 38 69 121 217 298 493
1.25 26 49 85 152 209 346
2.0 18 33 57 102 141 233
3.5 12 22 38 68 93 154
5.5 7 14 24 44 61 101
XF, XFF 3.5 3 7 12 21 29 49
5.5 3 5 9 17 23 38
114
Table A37. Maximum Number of Compact Conductors in Electrical Nonmetallic

Tubing (Based on Table 9.1.1.1)
COMPACT CONDUCTORS
Type
(mm2) 15 20 25 32 40 50
THW, THW-2, 8.0 1 3 6 11 15 25
THHW 14 1 2 4 8 11 19
22 1 1 3 6 8 14
30 1 1 2 4 6 10
38 0 1 1 3 4 7
50 0 1 1 3 4 6
60 0 1 1 2 3 5
80 0 1 1 1 3 4
100 0 0 1 1 2 4
125 0 0 1 1 1 3
150 0 0 1 1 1 2
175 0 0 0 1 1 2
200 0 0 0 1 1 1
250 0 0 0 1 1 1
325 0 0 0 1 1 1
375 0 0 0 0 1 1
400 0 0 0 0 1 1
500 0 0 0 0 0 1
THHN, THWN, 8.0
THWN-2 14 1 4 7 12 17 28
22 1 2 4 7 10 17
30 1 1 3 5 7 12
38 1 1 2 4 5 9
50 1 1 1 3 5 8
60 0 1 1 3 4 6
80 0 1 1 2 3 5
100 0 1 1 1 2 4
125 0 0 1 1 1 3
150 0 0 1 1 1 3
175 0 0 1 1 1 2
200 0 0 0 1 1 2
250 0 0 0 1 1 1
325 0 0 0 1 1 1
375 0 0 0 1 1 1
400 0 0 0 1 1 1
500 0 0 0 0 1 1
XHHW, 8.0 2 4 8 14 19 32
XHHW-2 14 1 3 6 10 14 24
22 1 2 4 7 10 17
30 1 1 3 5 7 12
38 1 1 2 4 5 9
50 1 1 1 3 5 8
60 0 1 1 3 4 7
80 0 1 1 2 3 5
100 0 1 1 1 3 4
125 0 0 1 1 1 3
150 0 0 1 1 1 3
175 0 0 1 1 1 3
200 0 0 1 1 1 2
250 0 0 0 1 1 1
325 0 0 0 1 1 1
375 0 0 0 1 1 1
400 0 0 0 1 1 1
500 0 0 0 0 1 1
115
Table A38 Maximum Number of Conductors and Fixture Wires in

Flexible Metal Conduit (Based on Table 9.1.1.1)
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
(mm dia.)]
RH 2.0 (1.6) 6 10 15 24 35 62 94 135 184 240
3.5 (2.0) 5 8 12 19 28 50 75 108 148 193
RHH, RHW, 2.0 (1.6) 4 7 11 17 25 44 67 96 131 171
RHW-2 3.5 (2.0) 3 6 9 14 21 37 55 80 109 142
RH, RHH, 5.5 (2.6) 3 5 7 11 17 30 45 64 88 115
RHW, 8.0 (3.2) 1 2 4 6 9 15 23 34 46 60
RHW-2 14 1 1 3 5 7 12 19 27 37 48
22 1 1 2 4 5 10 14 21 29 37
30 1 1 1 3 4 7 11 16 22 28
38 0 1 1 1 2 5 7 10 14 19
50 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 16
60 0 1 1 1 1 3 5 8 11 14
80 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 9 12
100 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 10
125 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6
200 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6
250 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
375 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3
400 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3
TW 2.0 (1.6) 9 15 23 36 53 94 141 203 277 361
3.5 (2.0) 7 11 18 28 41 72 108 156 212 277
5.5 (2.6) 5 8 13 21 30 54 81 116 158 207
8.0 (3.2) 3 5 7 11 17 30 45 64 88 115
RHH*, RHW*, 2.0 (1.6) 6 10 15 24 35 62 94 135 184 240
RHW-2*, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH*, RHW*, 3.5 (2.0) 5 8 12 19 28 50 75 108 148 193
RHW-2*, THW, 5.5 (2.6) 4 6 10 15 22 39 59 85 115 151
THHW,
RHH*, RHW*, 8.0 (3.2) 1 4 6 9 13 23 35 51 69 90
RHW-2*, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH*, RHW*, 14 1 3 4 7 10 18 27 39 53 69
RHW-2*, TW, 22 1 1 3 5 7 13 20 29 39 51
THW, THHW, 30 1 1 2 4 5 10 14 21 29 37
THW-2 38 1 1 1 2 4 7 10 15 20 26
50 0 1 1 1 3 6 9 12 17 22
60 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 14 19
80 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 16
100 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 13
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11
150 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 7
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6
116
Table A38 Continued
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
(mm dia.)]
RHH*, RHW*, 325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5
RHW-2*, TW, 375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
THW, THHW, 400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
THW-2 500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3
THHN, THWN, 2.0 (1.6) 13 22 33 52 76 134 202 291 396 518
THWN-2 3.5 (2.0) 9 16 24 38 56 98 147 212 289 378
5.5 (2.6) 6 10 15 24 35 62 93 134 182 238
8.0 (3.2) 3 6 9 14 20 35 53 77 105 137
14 2 4 6 10 14 25 38 55 76 99
22 1 2 4 6 9 16 24 34 46 61
30 1 1 3 4 6 11 17 24 33 43
38 1 1 1 3 4 8 12 18 24 32
50 1 1 1 2 4 7 10 15 20 27
60 0 1 1 1 3 6 9 12 17 22
80 0 1 1 1 2 5 7 10 14 18
100 0 1 1 1 1 4 6 8 12 15
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 9 12
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11
175 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3
FEP, FEPB, 2.0 (1.6) 12 21 32 51 74 130 196 282 385 502
PFA, PFAH, 3.5 (2.0) 9 15 24 37 54 95 143 206 281 367
TFE 5.5 (2.6) 6 11 17 26 39 68 103 148 201 263
8.0 (3.2) 4 6 10 15 22 39 59 85 115 151
14 2 4 7 11 16 28 42 60 82 107
22 1 3 5 7 11 19 29 42 57 75
30 1 1 3 5 7 13 20 29 39 51
PFA, PFAH, TFE 38 1 1 2 3 5 9 14 20 27 36
PFA, PFAH, 50 1 1 1 3 4 8 11 17 23 30
TFE, Z 60 1 1 1 2 3 6 9 14 19 24
80 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 11 15 20
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 13 16
Z 2.0 (1.6) 15 25 39 61 89 157 236 340 463 605
3.5 (2.0) 11 18 28 43 63 111 168 241 329 429
5.5 (2.6) 6 11 17 26 39 68 103 148 201 263
8.0 (3.2) 4 7 11 17 24 43 65 93 127 166
14 3 5 7 12 17 30 45 65 89 117
22 1 3 5 8 12 21 31 45 61 80
30 1 1 3 5 7 12 19 27 37 49
38 1 1 2 4 6 10 15 22 30 39
XHH, XHHW, 2.0 (1.6) 9 15 23 36 53 94 141 203 277 361
XHHW-2, ZW 3.5 (2.0) 7 11 18 28 41 72 108 156 212 277
5.5 (2.6) 5 8 13 21 30 54 81 116 158 207
8.0 (3.2) 3 5 7 11 17 30 45 64 88 115
14 1 3 5 8 12 22 33 48 65 85
22 1 2 4 6 9 16 24 34 47 61
30 1 1 3 4 6 11 17 24 33 44
117
Table A38 Continued
COMPACT CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
(mm dia.)]
XHH, XHHW, 38 1 1 1 3 5 8 13 18 25 32
XHHW-2 50 1 1 1 2 4 7 10 15 21 27
60 0 1 1 2 3 6 9 13 17 23
80 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 14 19
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 15
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 13
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11
175 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7 9
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5 7
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3
FIXTURE WIRES
Type
(mm2) 15 20 25 32 40 50
FFH-2, RFH-2, RFHH-3 0.75 8 14 22 35 51 90
1.25 7 12 19 29 43 76
SF-2, SFF-2 0.75 11 18 28 44 64 113
1.25 9 15 23 36 53 94
2.0 7 12 19 29 43 76
SF-1, SFF-1 0.75 19 32 50 78 114 201
RFH-1, RFHH-2, TF, 0.75 14 24 37 58 84 148
TFF, XF, XFF
RFHH-2, TF, TFF, XF, 1.25 11 19 30 47 68 120
XFF
XF, XFF 2.0 9 15 23 36 53 94
TFN, TFFN 0.75 23 38 59 93 135 237
1.25 17 29 45 71 103 181
PF, PFF, PGF, PGFF, 0.75 22 36 56 88 128 225
PAF, PTF, PTFF, PAFF 1.25 17 28 43 68 99 174
2.0 12 21 32 51 74 130
HF, HFF, ZF, ZFF, ZHF 0.75 28 47 72 113 165 290
1.25 20 35 53 83 121 214
2.0 15 25 39 61 89 157
KF-2, KFF-2 0.75 41 68 105 164 239 421
1.25 28 48 74 116 168 297
2.0 19 33 51 80 116 204
3.5 13 23 35 55 80 140
5.5 9 15 23 36 53 94
KF-1, KFF-1 0.75 48 82 125 196 285 503
1.25 34 57 88 138 200 353
2.0 23 38 59 93 135 237
3.5 15 25 39 61 89 157
5.5 10 16 25 40 58 103
XF, XFF 3.5 5 8 12 19 28 50
5.5 4 6 10 15 22 39
118
Table A39 Maximum Number of Compact Conductors in Flexible

Metal Conduit (Based on Table 9.1.1.1)
COMPACT CONDUCTORS
Size (mm2) 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
THW, THHW, 8.0 2 4 6 10 14 25 38 55 75 98
THW-2 14 1 3 5 7 11 20 29 43 58 76
22 1 2 3 5 8 15 22 32 43 57
30 1 1 2 4 6 11 16 23 32 42
38 1 1 1 3 4 7 11 16 22 29
50 1 1 1 2 3 6 10 14 19 25
60 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 12 16 21
80 0 1 1 1 2 4 7 10 14 18
100 0 1 1 1 1 4 6 8 11 15
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 9 12
150 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 10
175 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5 7
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4
THHN, THWN, 8.0
THWN-2 14 3 4 7 11 16 29 43 62 85 111
22 1 3 4 7 10 18 27 38 52 69
30 1 1 3 5 7 13 19 28 38 49
38 1 1 2 3 5 9 14 21 28 37
50 1 1 1 3 4 8 12 17 24 31
60 1 1 1 2 4 6 10 14 20 26
80 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 12 17 22
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 7 10 14 18
125 0 1 1 1 1 3 5 8 11 14
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 9 12
175 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 10
200 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4
XHHW, 8.0 3 5 8 13 19 33 50 71 97 127
XHHW-2 14 2 4 6 9 14 24 37 53 72 95
22 1 3 4 7 10 18 27 38 52 69
30 1 1 3 5 7 13 19 28 38 49
38 1 1 2 3 5 9 14 21 28 37
50 1 1 1 3 4 8 12 17 24 31
60 1 1 1 2 4 7 10 15 20 26
80 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 12 17 22
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 7 10 14 18
125 0 1 1 1 1 4 5 8 11 14
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 9 12
175 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11
200 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7 10
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
119
Table A40 Maximum Number of Conductors and Fixture Wires in Intermediate

CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
(mm dia.)]
RH 2.0 (1.6) 6 11 18 31 42 69 98 151 202 261
3.5 (2.0) 5 9 14 25 34 56 79 122 163 209
RHH, RHW, 2.0 (1.6) 4 8 13 22 30 49 70 108 144 186
RHW-2 3.5 (2.0) 4 6 11 18 25 41 58 89 120 154
RH, RHH, RHW, 5.5 (2.6) 3 5 8 15 20 33 47 72 97 124
RHW-2 8.0 (3.2) 1 3 4 8 10 17 24 38 50 65
14 1 1 3 6 8 14 19 30 40 52
22 1 1 3 5 6 11 15 23 31 41
30 1 1 1 3 5 8 11 18 24 31
38 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 12 16 20
50 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 10 14 18
60 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 15
80 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 13
100 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 11
125 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 5 6 8
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 7
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3
TW 2.0 (1.6) 10 17 27 47 64 104 147 228 304 392
3.5 (2.0) 7 13 21 36 49 80 113 175 234 301
5.5 (2.6) 5 9 15 27 36 59 84 130 174 224
8.0 (3.2) 3 5 8 15 20 33 47 72 97 124
RHH*, RHW*, 2.0 (1.6) 6 11 18 31 42 69 98 151 202 261
RHW-2*, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH*, RHW*, 3.5 (2.0) 5 9 14 25 34 56 79 122 163 209
RHW-2*, THHW, 5.5 (2.6) 4 7 11 19 26 43 61 95 127 163
THW
RHH*, RHW*, 8.0 (3.2) 2 4 7 12 16 26 37 57 76 98
RHW-2*, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH*, RHW*, 14 1 3 5 9 12 20 28 43 58 75
RHW-2*, TW, 22 1 2 4 6 9 15 21 32 43 56
THW, THHW, 30 1 1 3 5 6 11 15 23 31 41
THW-2 38 1 1 1 3 4 7 11 16 22 28
50 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 14 19 24
60 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 12 16 20
80 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 10 13 17
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 8 11 14
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 9 12
150 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 10
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7
250
120
Table A40 Continued
CONDUCTORS
Conductor
Type Size [mm2 Raceway Size (mm)
(mm dia.)]
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
RHH*, RHW*, 325 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
RHW-2*, TW, 375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
THW, THHW, 400 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3
THW-2 500
THHN, THWN, 2.0 (1.6) 14 24 39 68 91 149 211 326 436 562
THWN-2 3.5 (2.0) 10 17 29 49 67 109 154 238 318 410
5.5 (2.6) 6 11 18 31 42 68 97 150 200 258
8.0 (3.2) 3 6 10 18 24 39 56 86 115 149
14 2 4 7 13 17 28 40 62 83 107
22 1 3 4 8 10 17 25 38 51 66
30 1 1 3 5 7 12 17 27 36 47
38 1 1 2 4 5 9 13 20 27 35
50 1 1 1 3 4 8 11 17 23 29
60 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 14 19 24
80 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 12 16 20
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 13 17
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 10 13
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 9 12
175 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 10
200 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 7
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6
375 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
400 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
FEP, FEPB, 2.0 (1.6) 13 23 38 66 89 145 205 317 423 545
PFA, PFAH, TFE 3.5 (2.0) 10 17 28 48 65 106 150 231 309 398
5.5 (2.6) 7 12 20 34 46 76 107 166 221 285
8.0 (3.2) 4 7 11 19 26 43 61 95 127 163
14 3 5 8 14 19 31 44 67 90 116
22 1 3 5 10 13 21 30 47 63 81
30 1 2 4 6 9 15 21 32 43 56
PFA, PFAH, TFE 38 1 1 2 4 6 10 14 22 30 39
PFA, PFAH, 50 1 1 1 4 5 8 12 19 25 32
TFE, Z 60 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 15 21 27
80 0 1 1 2 3 6 8 13 17 22
100 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 14 18
Z 2.0 (1.6) 16 28 46 79 107 175 247 381 510 657
3.5 (2.0) 11 20 32 56 76 124 175 271 362 466
5.5 (2.6) 7 12 20 34 46 76 107 166 221 285
8.0 (3.2) 4 7 12 21 29 48 68 105 140 180
14 3 5 9 15 20 33 47 73 98 127
22 1 3 6 10 14 23 33 50 67 87
30 1 1 3 6 8 14 20 30 41 53
38 1 1 3 5 7 11 16 25 33 43
XHH, XHHW, 2.0 (1.6) 10 17 27 47 64 104 147 228 304 392
XHHW-2, ZW 3.5 (2.0) 7 13 21 36 49 80 113 175 234 301
5.5 (2.6) 5 9 15 27 36 59 84 130 174 224
8.0 (3.2) 3 5 8 15 20 33 47 72 97 124
14 1 4 6 11 15 24 35 53 71 92
22 1 3 4 8 11 18 25 39 52 67
30 1 1 3 5 7 12 18 27 37 47
121
Table A40 Continued
CONDUCTORS
Conductor
(mm dia.)]
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
XHH, XHHW, 38 1 1 2 4 5 9 13 20 27 35
XHHW-2 50 1 1 1 3 5 8 11 17 23 30
60 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 14 19 25
80 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 12 16 20
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 10 13 17
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 11 14
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 9 12
175 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 10
200 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6
375 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
400 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
FIXTURE WIRES
Type (mm2) 15 20 25 32 40 50
FHH-2, RFH-2, RFHH-3 0.75 9 16 26 45 61 100
1.25 8 13 22 38 51 84
SF-2, SFF-2 0.75 12 20 33 57 77 126
1.25 10 17 27 47 64 104
2.0 8 13 22 38 51 84
SF-1, SFF-1 0.75 21 36 59 101 137 223
RFH-1, RFHH-2, TF, 0.75 15 26 43 75 101 165
TFF, XF, XFF
RFH-2, TF, TFF, XF, XFF 1.25 12 21 35 60 81 133
XF, XFF 2.0 10 17 27 47 64 104

TFN, TFFN 0.75 25 42 69 119 161 264
1.25 19 32 53 91 123 201
PF, PFF, PGF, PGFF, 0.75 23 40 66 113 153 250
PAF, PTF, PTFF, PAFF 1.25 18 31 51 87 118 193
2.0 13 23 38 66 89 145
ZF, ZFF, ZHF, HF, HFF 0.75 30 52 85 146 197 322
1.25 22 38 63 108 145 238
2.0 16 28 46 79 107 175
KF-2, KFF-2 0.75 44 75 123 212 287 468
1.25 31 53 87 149 202 330
2.0 21 36 60 103 139 227
3.5 14 25 41 70 95 156
5.5 10 17 27 47 64 104
KF-1, KFF-1 0.75 52 90 147 253 342 558
1.25 37 63 103 178 240 392
2.0 25 42 69 119 161 264
3.5 16 28 46 79 107 175
5.5 10 18 30 52 70 114
XF, XFF 3.5 5 9 14 25 34 56
5.5 4 7 11 19 26 43
122
Table A41 Maximum Number of Compact Conductors in

Intermediate Metal Conduit (Based on Table 9.1.1.1)
COMPACT CONDUCTORS
Size (mm2) 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
THW, THW-2, 8.0 2 4 7 13 17 28 40 62 83 107
THHW 14 1 3 6 10 13 22 31 48 64 82
22 1 2 4 7 10 16 23 36 48 62
30 1 1 3 5 7 12 17 26 35 45
38 1 1 1 4 5 8 12 18 25 32
50 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 16 21 27
60 0 1 1 3 4 6 9 13 18 23
80 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 11 15 20
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 13 16
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 13
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 11
175 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 10
200 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6
375 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
400 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
THHN, THWN, 8.0
THWN-2 14 3 5 8 14 19 32 45 70 93 120
22 1 3 5 9 12 20 28 43 58 74
30 1 1 3 6 8 14 20 31 41 53
38 1 1 3 5 6 10 15 23 31 40
50 1 1 2 4 5 9 13 20 26 34
60 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 16 22 28
80 0 1 1 3 4 6 9 14 18 24
100 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 11 15 19
125 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 15
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 13
175 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 9 11
200 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 10
250 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7
375 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6
400 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
XHHW, XHHW-2 8.0 3 6 9 16 22 37 52 80 107 138
14 2 4 7 12 16 27 38 59 80 103
22 1 3 5 9 12 20 28 43 58 74
30 1 1 3 6 8 14 20 31 41 53
38 1 1 3 5 6 10 15 23 31 40
50 1 1 2 4 5 9 13 20 26 34
60 1 1 1 3 4 7 11 17 22 29
80 0 1 1 3 4 6 9 14 18 24
100 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 11 15 20
125 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 16
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 10 13
175 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 9 12
200 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11
250 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7
375 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6
400 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
standard conductor is compressed to the extent that interstices (voids between strand
123

Liquidtight Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit (Type FNMC-B*) (Based on
Table 9.1.1.1)
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
10 15 20 25 32 40 50
(mm dia.)]
RH 2.0 (1.6) 3 6 10 16 29 38 62
3.5 (2.0) 3 5 8 13 23 30 50
RHH, RHW, 2.0 (1.6) 2 4 7 12 21 27 44
RHW-2 3.5 (2.0) 1 3 6 10 17 22 36
RH, RHH, RHW, 5.5 (2.6) 1 3 5 8 14 18 29
RHW-2 8.0 (3.2) 1 1 2 4 7 9 15
14 1 1 1 3 6 7 12
22 0 1 1 2 4 6 9
30 0 1 1 1 3 4 7
38 0 0 1 1 1 3 5
50 0 0 1 1 1 2 4
60 0 0 1 1 1 1 3
80 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
100 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
125 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
150 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
175 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
200 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
250 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
325 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
375 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
400 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
500 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
TW 2.0 (1.6) 5 9 15 25 44 57 93
3.5 (2.0) 4 7 12 19 33 43 71
5.5 (2.6) 3 5 9 14 25 32 53
8.0 (3.2) 1 3 5 8 14 18 29
RHH, RHW, 2.0 (1.6) 3 6 10 16 29 38 62
RHW-2, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH, RHW, 3.5 (2.0) 3 5 8 13 23 30 50
RHW-2, THHW, 5.5 (2.6) 1 3 6 10 18 23 39
THW
RHH, RHW, 8.0 (3.2) 1 1 4 6 11 14 23
RHW-2, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH, RHW, 14 1 1 3 5 8 11 18
RHW-2, TW, 22 1 1 1 3 6 8 13
THW, THHW, 30 0 1 1 2 4 6 9
THW-2 38 0 1 1 1 3 4 7
50 0 0 1 1 2 3 6
60 0 0 1 1 2 3 5
80 0 0 1 1 1 2 4
100 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
125 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
175 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
200 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
250 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
375 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
400 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
500 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
*Corresponds to Section 3.51.2.1(2).
Types RHH, RHW, and RHW-2 without outer covering.
124
Table A42 Continued
CONDUCTORS
Conductor
(mm dia.)]
10 15 20 25 32 40 50
THHN, THWN, 2.0 (1.6) 8 13 22 36 63 81 133
THWN-2 3.5 (2.0) 5 9 16 26 46 59 97
5.5 (2.6) 3 6 10 16 29 37 61
8.0 (3.2) 1 3 6 9 16 21 35
14 1 2 4 7 12 15 25
22 1 1 2 4 7 9 15
30 1 1 1 3 5 7 11
38 0 1 1 1 4 5 8
50 0 1 1 1 3 4 7
60 0 0 1 1 2 3 6
80 0 0 1 1 1 3 5
100 0 0 1 1 1 2 4
125 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
200 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
250 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
375 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
400 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
500 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
FEP, FEPB, PFA, 2.0 (1.6) 7 12 21 35 61 79 129
PFAH, TFE 3.5 (2.0) 5 9 15 25 44 57 94
5.5 (2.6) 4 6 11 18 32 41 68
8.0 (3.2) 1 3 6 10 18 23 39
14 1 2 4 7 13 17 27
22 1 1 3 5 9 12 19
30 1 1 1 3 6 8 13
PFA, PFAH, TFE 38 0 1 1 2 4 5 9
PFA, PFAH, TFE, 50 0 1 1 1 3 4 7

Z 60 0 1 1 1 3 4 6
80 0 0 1 1 2 3 5
100 0 0 1 1 1 2 4
Z 2.0 (1.6) 9 15 26 42 73 95 156
3.5 (2.0) 6 10 18 30 52 67 111
5.5 (2.6) 4 6 11 18 32 41 68
8.0 (3.2) 2 4 7 11 20 26 43
14 1 3 5 8 14 18 30
22 1 1 3 5 9 12 20
30 0 1 1 3 6 7 12
38 0 1 1 2 5 6 10
XHH, XHHW, 2.0 (1.6) 5 9 15 25 44 57 93
XHHW-2, ZW 3.5 (2.0) 4 7 12 19 33 43 71
5.5 (2.6) 3 5 9 14 25 32 53
8.0 (3.2) 1 3 5 8 14 18 29
14 1 1 3 6 10 13 22
22 1 1 2 4 7 9 16
30 1 1 1 3 5 7 11
125
Table A42 Continued
CONDUCTORS
Conductor
(mm dia.)]
10 15 20 25 32 40 50
XHH, XHHW, 38 0 1 1 1 4 5 8
XHHW-2 50 0 1 1 1 3 4 7
60 0 0 1 1 2 3 6
80 0 0 1 1 1 3 5
100 0 0 1 1 1 2 4
125 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
200 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
250 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
375 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
400 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
500 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
FIXTURE WIRES
Type
Size (mm2) 10 15 20 25 32 40 50
FFH-2, RFH-2 0.75 5 8 15 24 42 54 89
1.25 4 7 12 20 35 46 75
SF-2, SFF-2 0.75 6 11 19 30 53 69 113
1.25 5 9 15 25 44 57 93
2.0 4 7 12 20 35 46 75
SF-1, SFF-1 0.75 11 19 33 53 94 122 199
RFH-1, RFHH-2, TF, 0.75 8 14 24 39 69 90 147
TFF, XF, XFF
RFHH-2, TF, TFF, XF, 1.25 7 11 20 32 56 72 119
XFF
XF, XFF 2.0 5 9 15 25 44 57 93
TFN, TFFN 0.75 14 23 39 63 111 144 236
1.25 10 17 30 48 85 110 180
PF, PFF, PGF, PGFF, 0.75 13 21 37 60 105 136 223
PAF, PTF, PTFF, PAFF 1.25 10 16 29 46 81 105 173
2.0 7 12 21 35 61 79 129
HF, HFF, ZF, ZFF, ZHF 0.75 17 28 48 77 136 176 288
1.25 12 20 35 57 100 129 212
2.0 9 15 26 42 73 95 156
KF-2, KFF-2 0.75 24 40 70 112 197 255 418
1.25 17 28 49 79 139 180 295
2.0 12 19 34 54 95 123 202
3.5 8 13 23 37 65 85 139
5.5 5 9 15 25 44 57 93
KF-1, KFF-1 0.75 29 48 83 134 235 304 499
1.25 20 34 58 94 165 214 350
2.0 14 23 39 63 111 144 236
3.5 9 15 26 42 73 95 156
5.5 6 10 17 27 48 62 102
XF, XFF 3.5 3 5 8 13 23 30 50
5.5 1 3 6 10 18 23 39
Note: This table is for concentric stranded conductors only. For compact
stranded conductors, Table A43 should be used.
126
Table A43 Maximum Number of Compact Conductors in Liquidtight Flexible

Nonmetallic Conduit (Type FNMC-B*) (Based on Table 9.1.1.1)
COMPACT CONDUCTORS
Type
Size (mm2) 10 15 20 25 32 40 50
THW, THW-2, 8.0 1 2 4 7 12 15 25
THHW 14 1 1 3 5 9 12 19
22 1 1 2 4 7 9 14
30 1 1 1 3 5 6 11
38 0 1 1 1 3 4 7
50 0 1 1 1 3 4 6
60 0 0 1 1 2 3 5
80 0 0 1 1 1 3 4
100 0 0 1 1 1 2 4
125 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
200 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
250 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
375 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
400 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
THHN, THWN, 8.0
THWN-2 14 1 2 4 7 13 17 28
22 1 1 3 4 8 11 17
30 1 1 1 3 6 7 12
38 0 1 1 2 4 6 9
50 0 1 1 1 4 5 8
60 0 1 1 1 3 4 6
80 0 0 1 1 2 3 5
100 0 0 1 1 1 3 4
125 0 0 1 1 1 1 3
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
250 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
XHHW, 8.0 1 3 5 9 15 20 33
XHHW-2 14 1 2 4 6 11 15 24
22 1 1 3 4 8 11 17
30 1 1 1 3 6 7 12
38 0 1 1 2 4 6 9
50 0 1 1 1 4 5 8
60 0 1 1 1 3 4 7
80 0 0 1 1 2 3 5
100 0 0 1 1 1 3 4
125 0 0 1 1 1 1 3
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
250 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Definition: Compact stranding is the result of a manufacturing process where the standard conductors
compressed to the extent that the interstices (voids between strand wires) are virtually eliminated.
127
Table A44 Maximum Number of Conductors and Fixture Wires in Liquidtight

Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit (Type FNMC-A*) (Based On Table 9.1.1.1)
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
10 15 20 25 32 40 50
(mm dia.)]
RH 2.0 (1.6) 3 6 10 16 28 38 64
3.5 (2.0) 3 4 8 13 23 31 51
RHH, RHW, 2.0 (1.6) 2 4 7 11 20 27 45
RHW-2 3.5 (2.0) 1 3 6 9 17 23 38
RH, RHH, RHW, 5.5 (2.6) 1 3 5 8 13 18 30
RHW-2 8.0 (3.2) 1 1 2 4 7 9 16
14 1 1 1 3 5 7 13
22 0 1 1 2 4 6 10
30 0 1 1 1 3 4 7
38 0 0 1 1 1 3 5
50 0 0 1 1 1 2 4
60 0 0 1 1 1 1 4
80 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
100 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
125 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
150 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
175 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
200 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
250 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
325 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
375 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
400 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
500 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
TW 2.0 (1.6) 5 9 15 24 43 58 96
3.5 (2.0) 4 7 12 19 33 44 74
5.5 (2.6) 3 5 9 14 24 33 55
8.0 (3.2) 1 3 5 8 13 18 30
RHH, RHW, 2.0 (1.6) 3 6 10 16 28 38 64
RHW-2, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH, RHW, 3.5 (2.0) 3 4 8 13 23 31 51
RHW-2, THHW, 5.5 (2.6) 1 3 6 10 18 24 40
THW
RHH, RHW, 8.0 (3.2) 1 1 4 6 10 14 24
RHW-2, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH, RHW, 14 1 1 3 4 8 11 18
RHW-2, TW, 22 1 1 1 3 6 8 13
THW, THHW, 30 0 1 1 2 4 6 10
THW-2 38 0 1 1 1 3 4 7
50 0 0 1 1 2 3 6
60 0 0 1 1 1 3 5
80 0 0 1 1 1 2 4
100 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
125 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
175 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
200 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
250 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
375 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
400 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
500 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
*Correspond to Section 3.51.2.1(1).
Types RHH, RHW,and RHW-2 without outer covering.
128
Table A44 Continued
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
10 15 20 25 32 40 50
(mm dia.)]
THHN, THWN, 2.0 (1.6) 8 13 22 35 62 83 137
THWN-2 3.5 (2.0) 5 9 16 25 45 60 100
5.5 (2.6) 3 6 10 16 28 38 63
8.0 (3.2) 1 3 6 9 16 22 36
14 1 2 4 6 12 16 26
22 1 1 2 4 7 9 16
30 1 1 1 3 5 7 11
38 0 1 1 1 4 5 8
50 0 1 1 1 3 4 7
60 0 0 1 1 2 3 6
80 0 0 1 1 1 3 5
100 0 0 1 1 1 2 4
125 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
200 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
250 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
375 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
400 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
500 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
FEP, FEPB, 2.0 (1.6) 7 12 21 34 60 80 133
PFA, PFAH, 3.5 (2.0) 5 9 15 25 44 59 97
TFE 5.5 (2.6) 4 6 11 18 31 42 70
8.0 (3.2) 1 3 6 10 18 24 40
14 1 2 4 7 13 17 28
22 1 1 3 5 9 12 20
30 1 1 1 3 6 8 13
PFA, PFAH, 38 0 1 1 2 4 5 9
TFE
PFA, PFAH, 50 0 1 1 1 3 5 8
TFE, Z 60 0 1 1 1 3 4 6
80 0 0 1 1 2 3 5
100 0 0 1 1 1 2 4
Z 2.0 (1.6) 9 15 25 41 72 97 161
3.5 (2.0) 6 10 18 29 51 69 114
5.5 (2.6) 4 6 11 18 31 42 70
8.0 (3.2) 2 4 7 11 20 26 44
14 1 3 5 8 14 18 31
22 1 1 3 5 9 13 21
30 1 1 1 3 6 8 13
38 1 1 1 2 4 6 10
XHH, XHHW, 2.0 (1.6) 5 9 15 24 43 58 96
XHHW-2, ZW 3.5 (2.0) 4 7 12 19 33 44 74
5.5 (2.6) 3 5 9 14 24 33 55
8.0 (3.2) 1 3 5 8 13 18 30
14 1 1 3 5 10 13 22
22 1 1 2 4 7 10 16
30 1 1 1 3 5 7 11
129
Table A44 Continued
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
(mm dia.)] 10 15 20 25 32 40 50
XHH, XHHW, 38 0 1 1 1 4 5 8
XHHW-2 50 0 1 1 1 3 4 7
60 0 0 1 1 2 3 6
80 0 0 1 1 1 3 5
100 0 0 1 1 1 2 4
125 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
200 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
250 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
375 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
400 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
500 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
FIXTURE WIRES
Type
(mm2) 10 15 20 25 32 40 50
FFH-2, RFH-2, RFHH-3 0.75 5 8 14 23 41 55 92
1.25 4 7 12 20 35 47 77
SF-2, SFF-2 0.75 6 11 18 29 52 70 116
1.25 5 9 15 24 43 58 96
2.0 4 7 12 20 35 47 77
SF-1, SFF-1 0.75 12 19 33 52 92 124 205
RFH-1, RFHH-2, TF, 0.75 8 14 24 39 68 91 152
TFF, XF, XFF
RFHH-2, TF, TFF, XF, 1.25 7 11 19 31 55 74 122
XFF
XF, XFF 2.0 5 9 15 24 43 58 96
TFN, TFFN 0.75 14 22 39 62 109 146 243
1.25 10 17 29 47 83 112 185
PF, PFF, PGF, PGFF, 0.75 13 21 37 59 103 139 230
PAF, PTF, PTFF, PAFF 1.25 10 16 28 45 80 107 178
2.0 7 12 21 34 60 80 133
HF, HFF, ZF, ZFF, ZHF 0.75 17 27 47 76 133 179 297
1.25 12 20 35 56 98 132 219
2.0 9 15 25 41 72 97 161
KF-2, KFF-2 0.75 25 40 69 110 193 260 431
1.25 17 28 48 77 136 183 303
2.0 12 19 33 53 94 126 209
3.5 8 13 23 36 64 86 143
5.5 5 9 15 24 43 58 96
KF-1, KFF-1 0.75 29 48 82 131 231 310 514
1.25 21 33 57 92 162 218 361
2.0 14 22 39 62 109 146 243
3.5 9 15 25 41 72 97 161
5.5 6 10 17 27 47 63 105
XF, XFF 3.5 3 4 8 13 23 31 51
5.5 1 3 6 10 18 24 40
130

Liquidtight Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit (Type FNMC-A*) (Based
on Table 9.1.1.1)
COMPACT CONDUCTORS
Type
Size (mm2) 10 15 20 25 32 40 50
THW, 8.0 1 2 4 6 11 16 26
THW-2, THHW 14 1 1 3 5 9 12 20
22 1 1 2 4 7 9 15
30 1 1 1 3 5 6 11
38 0 1 1 1 3 4 8
50 0 1 1 1 3 4 7
60 0 0 1 1 2 3 5
80 0 0 1 1 1 3 5
100 0 0 1 1 1 2 4
125 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
200 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
250 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
375 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
400 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
THHN, THWN, 8.0
THWN-2 14 1 2 4 7 13 18 29
22 1 1 3 4 8 11 18
30 1 1 1 3 6 8 13
38 0 1 1 2 4 6 10
50 0 1 1 1 3 5 8
60 0 1 1 1 3 4 7
80 0 0 1 1 2 3 6
100 0 0 1 1 1 3 5
125 0 0 1 1 1 1 3
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
250 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
XHHW, 8.0 1 3 5 8 15 20 34
XHHW-2 14 1 2 4 6 11 15 25
22 1 1 3 4 8 11 18
30 1 1 1 3 6 8 13
38 0 1 1 2 4 6 10
50 0 1 1 1 3 5 8
60 0 1 1 1 3 4 7
80 0 0 1 1 2 3 6
100 0 0 1 1 1 3 5
125 0 0 1 1 1 2 4
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 3
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
250 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
131
Table A46 Maximum Number of Conductors and Fixture Wires in Liquidtight

Flexible Metal Conduit (Based on Table 9.1.1.1)
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
(mm dia.)]
RH 2.0 (1.6) 6 10 16 29 38 62 93 143 186 243
3.5 (2.0) 5 8 13 23 30 50 75 115 149 195
RHH, RHW, 2.0 (1.6) 4 7 12 21 27 44 66 102 133 173
RHW-2 3.5 (2.0) 3 6 10 17 22 36 55 84 110 144
RH, RHH, RHW, 5.5 (2.6) 3 5 8 14 18 29 44 68 89 116
RHW-2 8.0 (3.2) 1 2 4 7 9 15 23 36 46 61
14 1 1 3 6 7 12 18 28 37 48
22 1 1 2 4 6 9 14 22 29 38
30 1 1 1 3 4 7 11 17 22 29
38 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 14 19
50 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 10 13 16
60 0 1 1 1 1 3 5 8 11 14
80 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 9 12
100 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 10
125 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
375 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3
400 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3
TW 2.0 (1.6) 9 15 25 44 57 93 140 215 280 365
3.5 (2.0) 7 12 19 33 43 71 108 165 215 280
5.5 (2.6) 5 9 14 25 32 53 80 123 160 209
8.0 (3.2) 3 5 8 14 18 29 44 68 89 116
RHH*, RHW*, 2.0 (1.6) 6 10 16 29 38 62 93 143 186 243
RHW-2*, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH*, RHW*, 3.5 (2.0) 5 8 13 23 30 50 75 115 149 195
RHW-2*, THHW, 5.5 (2.6) 3 6 10 18 23 39 58 89 117 152
THW
RHH*, RHW*, 8.0 (3.2) 1 4 6 11 14 23 35 53 70 91
RHW-2*, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH*, RHW*, 14 1 3 5 8 11 18 27 41 53 70
RHW-2*, TW, 22 1 1 3 6 8 13 20 30 40 52
THW, THHW, 30 1 1 2 4 6 9 14 22 29 38
THW-2 38 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 15 20 26
50 0 1 1 2 3 6 8 13 17 23
60 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 11 15 19
80 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 16
100 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 10 13
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11
150 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 7
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6
132
Table A46 Continued
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
(mm dia.)]
RHH*, RHW*, 325 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
RHW-2*, TW, 375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
THW, THHW, 400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
THW-2 500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3
THHN, THWN, 2.0 (1.6) 13 22 36 63 81 133 201 308 401 523
THWN-2 3.5 (2.0) 9 16 26 46 59 97 146 225 292 381
5.5 (2.6) 6 10 16 29 37 61 92 141 184 240
8.0 (3.2) 3 6 9 16 21 35 53 81 106 138
14 2 4 7 12 15 25 38 59 76 100
22 1 2 4 7 9 15 23 36 47 61
30 1 1 3 5 7 11 17 26 33 44
38 1 1 1 4 5 8 12 19 25 32
50 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 16 21 27
60 0 1 1 2 3 6 8 13 17 23
80 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 14 19
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 15
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 12
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11
175 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 5
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 5
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3
FEP, FEPB, 2.0 (1.6) 12 21 35 61 79 129 195 299 389 507
PFA, PFAH, 3.5 (2.0) 9 15 25 44 57 94 142 218 284 370
TFE 5.5 (2.6) 6 11 18 32 41 68 102 156 203 266
8.0 (3.2) 3 6 10 18 23 39 58 89 117 152
14 2 4 7 13 17 27 41 64 83 108
22 1 3 5 9 12 19 29 44 58 75
30 1 1 3 6 8 13 20 30 40 52
PFA, PFAH, 38 1 1 2 4 5 9 14 21 28 36
TFE
PFA, PFAH, 50 1 1 1 3 4 7 11 18 23 30
TFE, Z 60 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 14 19 25
80 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 12 16 20
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 10 13 17
Z 2.0 (1.6) 20 26 42 73 95 156 235 360 469 611
3.5 (2.0) 14 18 30 52 67 111 167 255 332 434
5.5 (2.6) 8 11 18 32 41 68 102 156 203 266
8.0 (3.2) 5 7 11 20 26 43 64 99 129 168
14 4 5 8 14 18 30 45 69 90 118
22 2 3 5 9 12 20 31 48 62 81
30 1 1 3 6 7 12 19 29 38 49
38 1 1 2 5 6 10 15 23 30 40
XHH, XHHW, 2.0 (1.6) 9 15 25 44 57 93 140 215 280 365
XHHW-2, ZW 3.5 (2.0) 7 12 19 33 43 71 108 165 215 280
5.5 (2.6) 5 9 14 25 32 53 80 123 160 209
8.0 (3.2) 3 5 8 14 18 29 44 68 89 116
14 1 3 6 10 13 22 33 50 66 86
22 1 2 4 7 9 16 24 36 48 62
30 1 1 3 5 7 11 17 26 34 44
133
Table A46 Continued
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
(mm dia.)]
XHH, XHHW, 38 1 1 1 4 5 8 12 19 25 33
XHHW-2 50 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 16 21 28
60 0 1 1 2 3 6 9 13 17 23
80 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 14 19
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 16
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 13
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11
175 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 10
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 5
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 5
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3
FIXTURE WIRES
Type
(mm2) 15 20 25 32 40 50
FFH-2, RFH-2, RFHH-3 0.75 8 15 24 42 54 89
1.25 7 12 20 35 46 75
SF-2, SFF-2 0.75 11 19 30 53 69 113
1.25 9 15 25 44 57 93
2.0 7 12 20 35 46 75
SF-1, SFF-1 0.75 19 33 53 94 122 199
RFH-1, RFHH-2, TF, 0.75 14 24 39 69 90 147
TFF, XF, XFF
RFHH-2, TF, TFF, XF, 1.25 11 20 32 56 72 119
XFF
XF, XFF 2.0 9 15 25 44 57 93
TFN, TFFN 0.75 23 39 63 111 144 236
1.25 17 30 48 85 110 180
PF, PFF, PGF, PGFF, 0.75 21 37 60 105 136 223
PAF, PTF, PTFF, PAFF 1.25 16 29 46 81 105 173
2.0 12 21 35 61 79 129
HF, HFF, ZF, ZFF, ZHF 0.75 28 48 77 136 176 288
1.25 20 35 57 100 129 212
2.0 15 26 42 73 95 156
KF-2, KFF-2 0.75 40 70 112 197 255 418
1.25 28 49 79 139 180 295
2.0 19 34 54 95 123 202
3.5 13 23 37 65 85 139
5.5 9 15 25 44 57 93
KF-1, KFF-1 0.75 48 83 134 235 304 499
1.25 34 58 94 165 214 350
2.0 23 39 63 111 144 236
3.5 15 26 42 73 95 156
5.5 10 17 27 48 62 102
XF, XFF 3.5 5 8 13 23 30 50
5.5 3 6 10 18 23 39
134

Liquidtight Flexible Metal Conduit (Based on Table 9.1.1.1)
COMPACT CONDUCTORS
Type
Size (mm2) 10 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
THW, THW-2, 8.0 1 2 4 7 12 15 25 38 58 76 99
THHW 14 1 1 3 5 9 12 19 29 45 59 77
22 1 1 2 4 7 9 14 22 34 44 57
30 1 1 1 3 5 6 11 16 25 32 42
38 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 11 17 23 30
50 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 10 15 20 26
60 0 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 16 21
80 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 11 14 18
100 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 15
125 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 9 12
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 10
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9
200 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8
250 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5 7
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6
375 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 5
400 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 5
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4
THHN, THWN, 8.0
THWN-2 14 1 2 4 7 13 17 28 43 66 86 112
22 1 1 3 4 8 11 17 26 41 53 69
30 1 1 1 3 6 7 12 19 29 38 50
38 0 1 1 2 4 6 9 14 22 28 37
50 0 1 1 1 4 5 8 12 19 24 32
60 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 10 15 20 26
80 0 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 17 22
100 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 14 18
125 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 5 8 11 14
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 9 12
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 11
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9
250 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 6
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
XHHW, 8.0 1 3 5 9 15 20 33 49 76 98 129
XHHW-2 14 1 2 4 6 11 15 24 37 56 73 95
22 1 1 3 4 8 11 17 26 41 53 69
30 1 1 1 3 6 7 12 19 29 38 50
38 0 1 1 2 4 6 9 14 22 28 37
50 0 1 1 1 4 5 8 12 19 24 32
60 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 16 20 27
80 0 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 17 22
100 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 11 14 18
125 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 5 8 11 15
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 9 12
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 7 10
250 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 6
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
135
Table A48 Maximum Number of Conductors and Fixture Wires in Rigid Metal Conduit
(Based on Table 9.1.1.1)
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150
(mm dia.)]
RH 2.0 (1.6) 6 10 17 29 39 65 93 143 191 246 387 558
3.5 (2.0) 5 8 13 23 32 52 75 115 154 198 311 448
RHH, RHW, 2.0 (1.6) 4 7 12 21 28 46 66 102 136 176 276 398
RHW-2 3.5 (2.0) 3 6 10 17 23 38 55 85 113 146 229 330
RH, RHH, RHW, 5.5 (2.6) 3 5 8 14 19 31 44 68 91 118 185 267
RHW-2 8.0 (3.2) 1 2 4 7 10 16 23 36 48 61 97 139
14 1 1 3 6 8 13 18 29 38 49 77 112
22 1 1 2 4 6 10 14 22 30 38 60 87
30 1 1 1 3 4 7 11 17 23 29 46 66
38 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 15 19 30 44
50 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 10 13 17 26 38
60 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 8 11 14 23 33
80 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 12 20 28
100 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11 17 24
125 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 13 18
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7 11 16
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 6 10 15
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 13
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5 8 11
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 6 9
375 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 5 8
400 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 5 8
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6
TW 2.0 (1.6) 9 15 25 44 59 98 140 216 288 370 581 839
3.5 (2.0) 7 12 19 33 45 75 107 165 221 284 446 644
5.5 (2.6) 5 9 14 25 34 56 80 123 164 212 332 480
8.0 (3.2) 3 5 8 14 19 31 44 68 91 118 185 267
RHH*, RHW*, 2.0 (1.6) 6 10 17 29 39 65 93 143 191 246 387 558
RHW-2*, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH*, RHW*, 3.5 (2.0) 5 8 13 23 32 52 75 115 154 198 311 448
RHW-2*, THHW, 5.5 (2.6) 3 6 10 18 25 41 58 90 120 154 242 350
THW
RHH*, RHW*, 8.0 (3.2) 1 4 6 11 15 24 35 54 72 92 145 209
RHW-2*, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH*, RHW*, 14 1 3 5 8 11 18 27 41 55 71 111 160
RHW-2*, TW, 22 1 1 3 6 8 14 20 31 41 53 83 120
THW, THHW, 30 1 1 2 4 6 10 14 22 30 38 60 87
THW-2 38 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 15 21 27 42 61
50 0 1 1 2 3 6 8 13 18 23 36 52
60 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 11 15 19 31 44
80 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 13 16 26 37
100 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 10 14 21 31
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11 17 25
150 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9 15 22
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8 13 19
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 7 12 17
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6 10 14
136
Table A48 Continued
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150
(mm dia.)]
RHH*, RHW*, 325 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5 8 12
RHW-2*, TW, 375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 7 10
THW, THHW, 400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 7 10
THW-2 500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 8
THHN, THWN, 2.0 (1.6) 13 22 36 63 85 140 200 309 412 531 833 1202
THWN-2 3.5 (2.0) 9 16 26 46 62 102 146 225 301 387 608 877
5.5 (2.6) 6 10 17 29 39 64 92 142 189 244 383 552
8.0 (3.2) 3 6 9 16 22 37 53 82 109 140 221 318
14 2 4 7 12 16 27 38 59 79 101 159 230
22 1 2 4 7 10 16 23 36 48 62 98 141
30 1 1 3 5 7 11 17 26 34 44 70 100
38 1 1 1 4 5 8 12 19 25 33 51 74
50 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 16 21 27 43 63
60 0 1 1 2 3 6 8 13 18 23 36 52
80 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 15 19 30 43
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 16 25 36
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 13 20 29
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11 17 25
175 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 10 15 22
200 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 8 13 20
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7 11 16
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 13
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5 7 11
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5 7 11
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6 8
FEP, FEPB, PFA, 2.0 (1.6) 12 22 35 61 83 136 194 300 400 515 808 1166
PFAH, TFE 3.5 (2.0) 9 16 26 44 60 99 142 219 292 376 590 851
5.5 (2.6) 6 11 18 32 43 71 102 157 209 269 423 610
8.0 (3.2) 3 6 10 18 25 41 58 90 120 154 242 350
14 2 4 7 13 17 29 41 64 85 110 172 249
22 1 3 5 9 12 20 29 44 59 77 120 174
30 1 1 3 6 8 14 20 31 41 53 83 120
PFA, PFAH, TFE 38 1 1 2 4 6 9 14 21 28 37 57 83
PFA, PFAH, TFE, 50 1 1 1 3 5 8 11 18 24 30 48 69

Z 60 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 14 19 25 40 57
80 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 12 16 21 33 47
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 10 13 17 27 39
Z 2.0 (1.6) 15 26 42 73 100 164 234 361 482 621 974 1405
3.5 (2.0) 10 18 30 52 71 116 166 256 342 440 691 997
5.5 (2.6) 6 11 18 32 43 71 102 157 209 269 423 610
8.0 (3.2) 4 7 11 20 27 45 64 99 132 170 267 386
14 3 5 8 14 19 31 45 69 93 120 188 271
22 1 3 5 9 13 22 31 48 64 82 129 186
30 1 1 3 6 8 13 19 29 39 50 78 113
38 1 1 2 5 6 10 15 23 31 40 63 92
XHH, XHHW, 2.0 (1.6) 9 15 25 44 59 98 140 216 288 370 581 839
XHHW-2, ZW 3.5 (2.0) 7 12 19 33 45 75 107 165 221 284 446 644
5.5 (2.6) 5 9 14 25 34 56 80 123 164 212 332 480
8.0 (3.2) 3 5 8 14 19 31 44 68 91 118 185 267
14 1 3 6 10 14 23 33 51 68 87 137 197
22 1 2 4 7 10 16 24 37 49 63 99 143
30 1 1 3 5 7 12 17 26 35 45 70 101
137
Table A48 Continued
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
(mm dia.)] 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150
XHH, XHHW, 38 1 1 1 4 5 9 12 19 26 33 52 76
XHHW-2 50 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 16 22 28 44 64
60 0 1 1 2 3 6 9 13 18 23 37 53
80 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 15 19 30 44
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 16 25 36
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 13 20 30
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 11 18 25
175 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 6 7 10 15 22
200 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9 14 20
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7 11 16
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 13
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5 7 11
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5 7 11
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6 8
FIXTURE WIRES
Type
(mm2) 15 20 25 32 40 50
FFH-2, RFH-2, RFHH-3 0.75 8 15 24 42 57 94
1.25 7 12 20 35 48 79
SF-2, SFF-2 0.75 11 19 31 53 72 118
1.25 9 15 25 44 59 98
2.0 7 12 20 35 48 79
SF-1, SFF-1 0.75 19 33 54 94 127 209
RFH-1, RFHH-2, TF, 0.75 14 25 40 69 94 155
TFF, XF, XFF
RFHH-2, TF, TFF, XF, 1.25 11 20 32 56 76 125
XFF
XF, XFF 2.0 9 15 25 44 59 98
TFN, TFFN 0.75 23 40 64 111 150 248
1.25 17 30 49 84 115 189
PF, PFF, PGF, PGFF, 0.75 21 38 61 105 143 235
PAF, PTF, PTFF, PAFF 1.25 16 29 47 81 110 181
2.0 12 22 35 61 83 136
HF, HFF, ZF, ZFF, ZHF 0.75 28 48 79 135 184 303
1.25 20 36 58 100 136 223
2.0 15 26 42 73 100 164
KF-2, KFF-2 0.75 40 71 114 197 267 439
1.25 28 50 80 138 188 310
2.0 19 34 55 95 129 213
3.5 13 23 38 65 89 146
5.5 9 15 25 44 59 98
KF-1, KFF-1 0.75 48 84 136 235 318 524
1.25 34 59 96 165 224 368
2.0 23 40 64 111 150 248
3.5 15 26 42 73 100 164
5.5 10 17 28 48 65 107
XF, XFF 3.5 5 8 13 23 32 52
5.5 3 6 10 18 25 41
138
Table A49 Maximum Number of Compact Conductors in Rigid

COMPACT CONDUCTORS
Type
Size (mm2) 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150
THW, 8.0 2 4 7 12 16 26 38 59 78 101 158 228
THW-2, THHW 14 1 3 5 9 12 20 29 45 60 78 122 176
22 1 2 4 7 9 15 22 34 45 58 91 132
30 1 1 3 5 7 11 16 25 33 43 67 97
38 1 1 1 3 5 8 11 17 23 30 47 68
50 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 15 20 26 41 59
60 0 1 1 2 3 6 8 13 17 22 34 50
80 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 14 19 29 42
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 15 24 35
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 9 12 19 28
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11 17 24
175 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9 15 22
200 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 5 7 8 13 20
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5 7 11 17
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 13
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5 7 11
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5 7 11
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6 9
THHN, THWN, 8.0
THWN-2 14 2 5 8 13 18 30 43 66 88 114 179 258
22 1 3 5 8 11 18 26 41 55 70 110 159
30 1 1 3 6 8 13 19 29 39 50 79 114
38 1 1 2 4 6 10 14 22 29 38 60 86
50 1 1 1 4 5 8 12 19 25 32 51 73
60 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 15 21 26 42 60
80 0 1 1 2 3 6 8 13 17 22 35 51
100 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 14 18 29 42
125 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 8 11 14 23 33
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 12 20 28
175 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11 17 25
200 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 10 15 22
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8 13 19
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 6 10 15
375 00 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5 9 13
400 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5 9 13
500 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 6 9
XHHW, 8.0 3 5 9 15 21 34 49 76 101 130 205 296
XHHW-2 14 2 4 6 11 15 25 36 56 75 97 152 220
22 1 3 5 8 11 18 26 41 55 70 110 159
30 1 1 3 6 8 13 19 29 39 50 79 114
38 1 1 2 4 6 10 14 22 29 38 60 86
50 1 1 1 4 5 8 12 19 25 32 51 73
60 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 16 21 27 43 62
80 0 1 1 2 3 6 8 13 17 22 35 51
100 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 14 19 29 42
125 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 8 11 15 23 34
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 13 20 29
175 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 11 18 25
200 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 10 16 23
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8 13 19
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7 10 15
375 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5 8 12
400 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5 8 12
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 7 10
139

Rigid PVC Conduit, Schedule 80 (Based on Table 9.1.1.1)
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150
(mm dia.)]
RH 2.0 (1.6) 4 8 13 23 32 55 79 123 166 215 341 490
3.5 (2.0) 3 6 10 19 26 44 63 99 133 173 274 394
RHH, RHW, RHW- 2.0 (1.6) 3 5 9 17 23 39 56 88 118 153 243 349
2 3.5 (2.0) 2 4 7 14 19 32 46 73 98 127 202 290
RH, RHH, RHW, 5.5 (2.6) 1 3 6 11 15 26 37 59 79 103 163 234
RHW-2 8.0 (3.2) 1 1 3 6 8 13 19 31 41 54 85 122
14 1 1 2 4 6 11 16 24 33 43 68 98
22 1 1 1 3 5 8 12 19 26 33 53 77
30 0 1 1 3 4 6 9 14 20 25 41 58
38 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 13 17 27 38
50 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 11 15 23 33
60 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 13 20 29
80 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11 17 25
100 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 9 15 21
125 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7 11 16
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6 10 14
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5 9 13
200 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5 8 12
250 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 7 10
325 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 6 8
375 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7
400 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 4 5
TW 2.0 (1.6) 6 11 20 35 49 82 118 185 250 324 514 736
3.5 (2.0) 5 9 15 27 38 63 91 142 192 248 394 565
5.5 (2.6) 3 6 11 20 28 47 67 106 143 185 294 421
8.0 (3.2) 1 3 6 11 15 26 37 59 79 103 163 234
RHH*, RHW*, 2.0 (1.6) 4 8 13 23 32 55 79 123 166 215 341 490
RHW-2*, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH*, RHW*, 3.5 (2.0) 3 6 10 19 26 44 63 99 133 173 274 394
RHW-2*, THHW, 5.5 (2.6) 2 5 8 15 20 34 49 77 104 135 214 307
THW
RHH*, RHW*, 8.0 (3.2) 1 3 5 9 12 20 29 46 62 81 128 184
RHW-2*, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH*, RHW*, 14 1 1 3 7 9 16 22 35 48 62 98 141
RHW-2*, TW, 22 1 1 3 5 7 12 17 26 35 46 73 105
THW THHW, 30 1 1 1 3 5 8 12 19 26 33 53 77
THW-2 38 0 1 1 2 3 6 8 13 18 23 37 54
50 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 15 20 32 46
60 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 10 13 17 27 39
80 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 11 14 23 33
100 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 9 12 19 27
125 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 9 15 22
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8 13 19
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 7 12 17
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7 10 15
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5 9 13
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 7 10
375 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8
400 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7
140
Table A50 Continued
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150
(mm dia.)]
THHN, THWN, 2.0 (1.6) 9 17 28 51 70 118 170 265 358 464 736 1055
THWN-2 3.5 (2.0) 6 12 20 37 51 86 124 193 261 338 537 770
5.5 (2.6) 4 7 13 23 32 54 78 122 164 213 338 485
8.0 (3.2) 2 4 7 13 18 31 45 70 95 123 195 279
14 1 3 5 9 13 22 32 51 68 89 141 202
22 1 1 3 6 8 14 20 31 42 54 86 124
30 1 1 2 4 6 10 14 22 30 39 61 88
38 0 1 1 3 4 7 10 16 22 29 45 65
50 0 1 1 2 3 6 9 14 18 24 38 55
60 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 15 20 32 46
80 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 13 17 26 38
100 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 10 14 22 31
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11 18 25
150 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 9 15 22
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8 13 19
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 7 12 17
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6 10 14
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5 8 12
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 7 9
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 7 9
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7
FEP, FEPB, 2.0 (1.6) 8 16 27 49 68 115 164 257 347 450 714 1024
PFA, PFAH, TFE 3.5 (2.0) 6 12 20 36 50 84 120 188 253 328 521 747
5.5 (2.6) 4 8 14 26 36 60 86 135 182 235 374 536
8.0 (3.2) 2 5 8 15 20 34 49 77 104 135 214 307
14 1 3 6 10 14 24 35 55 74 96 152 218
22 1 2 4 7 10 17 24 38 52 67 106 153
30 1 1 3 5 7 12 17 26 35 46 73 105
PFA, PFAH, TFE 38 1 1 1 3 5 8 11 18 25 32 51 73
PFA, PFAH, 50 0 1 1 3 4 7 10 15 20 27 42 61
TFE, Z 60 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 12 17 22 35 50
80 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 10 14 18 29 41
100 0 0 1 1 1 4 5 8 11 15 24 34
Z 2.0 (1.6) 10 19 33 59 82 138 198 310 418 542 860 1233
3.5 (2.0) 7 14 23 42 58 98 141 220 297 385 610 875
5.5 (2.6) 4 8 14 26 36 60 86 135 182 235 374 536
8.0 (3.2) 3 5 9 16 22 38 54 85 115 149 236 339
14 2 4 6 11 16 26 38 60 81 104 166 238
22 1 2 4 8 11 18 26 41 55 72 114 164
30 1 1 2 5 6 11 16 25 33 43 69 99
38 0 1 2 4 5 9 13 20 27 35 56 80
XHH, XHHW, 2.0 (1.6) 6 11 20 35 49 82 118 185 250 324 514 736
XHHW-2, ZW 3.5 (2.0) 5 9 15 27 38 63 91 142 192 248 394 565
5.5 (2.6) 3 6 11 20 28 47 67 106 143 185 294 421
8.0 (3.2) 1 3 6 11 15 26 37 59 79 103 163 234
14 1 2 4 8 11 19 28 43 59 76 121 173
22 1 1 3 6 8 14 20 31 42 55 87 125
30 1 1 2 4 6 10 14 22 30 39 62 89
141
Table A50 Continued
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150
(mm dia.)]
XHH, XHHW, 38 0 1 1 3 4 7 10 16 22 29 46 66
XHHW-2 50 0 1 1 2 3 6 9 14 19 24 39 56
60 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 16 20 32 46
80 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 13 17 27 38
100 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 11 14 22 32
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 11 18 26
150 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 10 15 22
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8 14 20
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 7 12 17
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6 10 14
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5 8 11
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 6 9
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 6 9
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7
FIXTURE WIRES
Type
(mm2) 15 20 25 32 40 50
FFH-2, RFH-2, RFHH-3 0.75 6 11 19 34 47 79
1.25 5 9 16 28 39 67
SF-2, SFF-2 0.75 7 14 24 43 59 100
1.25 6 11 20 35 49 82
2.0 5 9 16 28 39 67
SF-1, SFF-1 0.75 13 25 42 76 105 177
RFH-1, RFHH-2, TF, 0.75 10 18 31 56 77 130
TFF, XF, XFF
RFHH-2, TF, TFF, XF, 1.25 8 15 25 45 62 105
XFF
XF, XFF 2.0 6 11 20 35 49 82
TFN, TFFN 0.75 16 29 50 90 124 209
1.25 12 22 38 68 95 159
PF, PFF, PGF, PGFF, 0.75 15 28 47 85 118 198
PAF, PTF, PTFF, PAFF 1.25 11 22 36 66 91 153
2.0 8 16 27 49 68 115
HF, HFF, ZF, ZFF, ZHF 0.75 19 36 61 110 152 255
1.25 14 27 45 81 112 188
2.0 10 19 33 59 82 138
KF-2, KFF-2 0.75 28 53 88 159 220 371
1.25 19 37 62 112 155 261
2.0 13 25 43 77 107 179
3.5 9 17 29 53 73 123
5.5 6 11 20 35 49 82
KF-1, KFF-1 0.75 33 63 106 190 263 442
1.25 23 44 74 133 185 310
2.0 16 29 50 90 124 209
3.5 10 19 33 59 82 138
5.5 7 13 21 39 54 90
XF, XFF 3.5 3 6 10 19 26 44
5.5 2 5 8 15 20 34
142
Table A51 Maximum Number of Compact Conductors in Rigid PVC Conduit,

Schedule 80 (Based on Table 9.1.1.1)
COMPACT CONDUCTORS
Type
Size (mm2) 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150
THW, THW-2, 8.0 1 3 5 9 13 22 32 50 68 88 140 200
THHW 14 1 2 4 7 10 17 25 39 52 68 108 155
22 1 1 3 5 7 13 18 29 39 51 81 116
30 1 1 1 4 5 9 13 21 29 37 60 85
38 0 1 1 3 4 6 9 15 20 26 42 60
50 0 1 1 2 3 6 8 13 17 23 36 52
60 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 15 19 30 44
80 0 0 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 16 26 37
100 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 10 13 22 31
125 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 11 17 25
150 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 9 15 21
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8 13 19
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 7 12 17
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6 10 14
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5 8 12
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 7 10
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 7 10
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 8
THHN, THWN, 8.0
THWN-2 14 1 3 6 11 15 25 36 57 77 99 158 226
22 1 1 3 6 9 15 22 35 47 61 98 140
30 1 1 2 5 6 11 16 25 34 44 70 100
38 1 1 1 3 5 8 12 19 25 33 53 75
50 0 1 1 3 4 7 10 16 22 28 45 64
60 0 1 1 2 3 6 8 13 18 23 37 53
80 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 15 19 31 44
100 0 0 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 16 25 37
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 12 20 29
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11 17 25
175 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 9 15 22
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8 13 19
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7 11 16
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 13
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5 8 11
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5 8 11
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 5 8
XHHW, XHHW-2 8.0 1 4 7 12 17 29 42 65 88 114 181 260
14 1 3 5 9 13 21 31 48 65 85 134 193
22 1 1 3 6 9 15 22 35 47 61 98 140
30 1 1 2 5 6 11 16 25 34 44 70 100
38 1 1 1 3 5 8 12 19 25 33 53 75
50 0 1 1 3 4 7 10 16 22 28 45 64
60 0 1 1 2 3 6 8 13 18 24 38 54
80 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 15 19 31 44
100 0 0 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 16 26 37
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 13 21 30
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11 17 25
175 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 10 15 22
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 9 14 20
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7 11 17
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 13
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 11
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 11
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 6 8
standard conductors compressed to the extent that the interstices (voids between strand
143
Table A52 Maximum Number of Conductors and Fixture Wires in Rigid

PVC Conduit, Schedule 40 and HDPE Conduit (Based on Table 9.1.1.1)
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150
(mm dia.)]
RH 2.0 (1.6) 5 9 16 28 38 63 90 139 186 240 378 546
3.5 (2.0) 4 8 12 22 30 50 72 112 150 193 304 439
RHH, RHW, RHW- 2.0 (1.6) 4 7 11 20 27 45 64 99 133 171 269 390
2 3.5 (2.0) 3 5 9 16 22 37 53 82 110 142 224 323
RH, RHH, RHW, 5.5 (2.6) 2 4 7 13 18 30 43 66 89 115 181 261
RHW-2 8.0 (3.2) 1 2 4 7 9 15 22 35 46 60 94 137
14 1 1 3 5 7 12 18 28 37 48 76 109
22 1 1 2 4 6 10 14 22 29 37 59 85
30 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 16 22 28 45 65
38 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 14 19 29 43
50 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 13 16 26 37
60 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 11 14 22 32
80 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 9 12 19 28
100 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 10 16 24
125 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 12 18
150 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7 11 16
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6 10 14
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 13
250 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5 8 11
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 6 9
375 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 8
400 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 8
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6
TW 2.0 (1.6) 8 14 24 42 57 94 135 209 280 361 568 822
3.5 (2.0) 6 11 18 32 44 72 103 160 215 277 436 631
5.5 (2.6) 4 8 13 24 32 54 77 119 160 206 325 470
8.0 (3.2) 2 4 7 13 18 30 43 66 89 115 181 261
RHH*, RHW*, 2.0 (1.6) 5 9 16 28 38 63 90 139 186 240 378 546
RHW-2*, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH*, RHW*, 3.5 (2.0) 4 8 12 22 30 50 72 112 150 193 304 439
RHW-2*, THHW, 5.5 (2.6) 3 6 10 17 24 39 56 87 117 150 237 343
THW
RHH*, RHW*, 8.0 (3.2) 1 3 6 10 14 23 33 52 70 90 142 205
RHW-2*, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH*, RHW*, 14 1 2 4 8 11 18 26 40 53 69 109 157
RHW-2*, TW, 22 1 1 3 6 8 13 19 30 40 51 81 117
THW, THHN, 30 1 1 2 4 6 10 14 22 29 37 59 85
THW-2 38 0 1 1 3 4 7 10 15 20 26 41 60
50 0 1 1 2 3 6 8 13 17 22 35 51
60 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 15 19 30 43
80 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 16 25 36
100 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 10 13 21 30
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11 17 25
150 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9 15 21
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8 13 19
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 7 12 17
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6 10 14
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5 8 11
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 6 10
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 6 10
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7
144
Table A52 Continued
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150
(mm dia.)]
THHN, THWN, 2.0 (1.6) 11 21 34 60 82 135 193 299 401 517 815 1178
THWN-2 3.5 (2.0) 8 15 25 43 59 99 141 218 293 377 594 859
5.5 (2.6) 5 9 15 27 37 62 89 137 184 238 374 541
8.0 (3.2) 3 5 9 16 21 36 51 79 106 137 216 312
14 1 4 6 11 15 26 37 57 77 99 156 225
22 1 2 4 7 9 16 22 35 47 61 96 138
30 1 1 3 5 7 11 16 25 33 43 68 98
38 1 1 1 3 5 8 12 18 25 32 50 73
50 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 15 21 37 42 61
60 0 1 1 2 3 6 8 13 17 22 35 51
80 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 14 18 29 42
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 15 24 35
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 12 20 28
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11 17 24
175 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9 15 21
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8 13 19
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7 11 16
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5 9 13
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 7 11
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 7 11
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 6 8
FEP, FEPB, PFA, 2.0 (1.6) 11 20 33 58 79 131 188 290 389 502 790 1142
PFAH, TFE 3.5 (2.0) 8 15 24 42 58 96 137 212 284 366 577 834
5.5 (2.6) 6 10 17 30 41 69 98 152 204 263 414 598
8.0 (3.2) 3 6 10 17 24 39 56 87 117 150 237 343
14 2 4 7 12 17 28 40 62 83 107 169 244
22 1 3 5 8 12 19 28 43 58 75 118 170
30 1 1 3 6 8 13 19 30 40 51 81 117
PFA, PFAH, TFE 38 1 1 2 4 5 9 13 20 28 36 56 81
PFA, PFAH, TFE, 50 1 1 1 3 4 8 11 17 23 30 47 68

Z 60 0 1 1 3 4 6 9 14 19 24 39 56
80 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 12 16 20 32 46
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 13 16 26 38
Z 2.0 (1.6) 13 24 40 70 95 158 226 350 469 605 952 1376
3.5 (2.0) 9 17 28 49 68 112 160 248 333 429 675 976
5.5 (2.6) 6 10 17 30 41 69 98 152 204 263 414 598
8.0 (3.2) 3 6 11 19 26 43 62 96 129 166 261 378
14 2 4 7 13 18 30 43 67 90 116 184 265
22 1 3 5 9 12 21 30 46 62 80 126 183
30 1 1 3 5 7 12 18 28 38 49 77 111
38 1 1 2 4 6 10 14 23 30 39 62 90
XHH, XHHW, 2.0 (1.6) 8 14 24 42 57 94 135 209 280 361 568 822
XHHW-2, ZW 3.5 (2.0) 6 11 18 32 44 72 103 160 215 277 436 631
5.5 (2.6) 4 8 13 24 32 54 77 119 160 206 325 470
8.0 (3.2) 2 4 7 13 18 30 43 66 89 115 181 261
14 1 3 5 10 13 22 32 49 66 85 134 193
22 1 2 4 7 9 16 23 35 48 61 97 140
30 1 1 3 5 7 11 16 25 34 44 69 99
145
Table A52 Continued
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150
(mm dia.)]
XHH, XHHW, 38 1 1 1 3 5 8 12 19 25 32 51 74
XHHW-2 50 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 16 21 27 43 62
60 0 1 1 2 3 6 8 13 17 23 36 52
80 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 14 19 30 43
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 15 24 35
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 13 20 29
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11 17 25
175 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9 15 22
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8 13 19
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7 11 16
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5 9 13
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 7 11
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 7 11
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 6 8
FIXTURE WIRES
Type
(mm2) 15 20 25 32 40 50
FFH-2, RFH-2, RFHH-3 0.75 8 14 23 40 54 90
1.25 6 12 19 33 46 76
SF-2, SFF-2 0.75 10 17 29 50 69 114
1.25 8 14 24 42 57 94
2.0 6 12 19 33 46 76
SF-1, SFF-1 0.75 17 31 51 89 122 202
RFH-1, RFHH-2, TF, 0.75 13 23 38 66 90 149
TFF, XF, XFF
RFHH-2, TF, TFF, XF, 1.25 10 18 30 53 73 120
XFF
XF, XFF 2.0 8 14 24 42 57 94
TFN, TFFN 0.75 20 37 60 105 144 239
1.25 16 28 46 80 110 183
PF, PFF, PGF, PGFF, 0.75 19 35 57 100 137 227
PAF, PTF, PTFF, PAFF 1.25 15 27 44 77 106 175
2.0 11 20 33 58 79 131
HF, HFF, ZF, ZFF, ZHF 0.75 25 45 74 129 176 292
1.25 18 33 54 95 130 216
2.0 13 24 40 70 95 158
KF-2, KFF-2 0.75 36 65 107 187 256 424
1.25 26 46 75 132 180 299
2.0 17 31 52 90 124 205
3.5 12 22 35 62 85 141
5.5 8 14 24 42 57 94
KF-1, KFF-1 0.75 43 78 128 223 305 506
1.25 30 55 90 157 214 355
2.0 20 37 60 105 144 239
3.5 13 24 40 70 95 158
5.5 9 16 26 45 62 103
XF, XFF 3.5 4 8 12 22 30 50
5.5 3 6 10 17 24 39
146
Table A53 Maximum Number of Compact Conductors in Rigid PVC Conduit,

Schedule 40 and HDPE Conduit (Based on Table 9.1.1.1)
COMPACT CONDUCTORS
Type
Size (mm2) 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150
THW, THW-2, 8.0 1 4 6 11 15 26 37 57 76 98 155 224
THHW 14 1 3 5 9 12 20 28 44 59 76 119 173
22 1 1 3 6 9 15 21 33 44 57 89 129
30 1 1 2 5 6 11 15 24 32 42 66 95
38 1 1 1 3 4 7 11 17 23 29 46 67
50 0 1 1 3 4 6 9 15 20 25 40 58
60 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 12 16 21 34 49
80 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 14 18 29 42
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 9 12 15 24 35
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 9 12 19 27
150 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 10 16 24
175 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9 15 21
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 6 8 13 19
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7 11 16
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5 9 13
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 11
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 11
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6 9
THHN, THWN, 8.0
THWN-2 14 2 4 7 13 17 29 41 64 86 111 175 253
22 1 2 4 8 11 18 25 40 53 68 108 156
30 1 1 3 5 8 13 18 28 38 49 77 112
38 1 1 2 4 6 9 14 21 29 37 58 84
50 1 1 1 3 5 8 12 18 24 31 49 72
60 0 1 1 3 4 7 9 15 20 26 41 59
80 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 12 17 22 34 50
100 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 10 14 18 28 41
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 8 11 14 22 32
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 9 12 19 28
175 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 10 17 24
200 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9 15 22
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 13 18
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 6 10 15
375 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5 8 12
400 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5 8 12
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 6 9
XHHW, 8.0 3 5 8 14 20 33 47 73 99 127 200 290
XHHW-2 14 1 4 6 11 15 25 35 55 73 94 149 215
22 1 2 4 8 11 18 25 40 53 68 108 156
30 1 1 3 5 8 13 18 28 38 49 77 112
38 1 1 2 4 6 9 14 21 29 37 58 84
50 1 1 1 3 5 8 12 18 24 31 49 72
60 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 15 20 26 42 60
80 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 12 17 22 34 50
100 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 14 18 29 42
125 0 0 1 1 1 4 5 8 11 14 23 33
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 9 12 19 28
175 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11 17 25
200 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 10 15 22
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 13 18
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 6 10 15
375 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5 8 12
400 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5 8 12
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 6 9
147

Type A, Rigid PVC Conduit (Based on Table 9.1.1.1)
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
(mm dia.)]
RH 2.0 (1.6) 7 12 20 34 44 70 104 157 204 262
3.5 (2.0) 6 10 16 27 35 56 84 126 164 211
RHH, RHW, 2.0 (1.6) 5 9 15 24 31 49 74 112 146 187
RHW-2 3.5 (2.0) 4 7 12 20 26 41 61 93 121 155
RH, RHH, RHW, 5.5 (2.6) 3 6 10 16 21 33 50 75 98 125
RHW-2 8.0 (3.2) 1 3 5 8 11 17 26 39 51 65
14 1 2 4 6 9 14 21 31 41 52
22 1 1 3 5 7 11 16 24 32 41
30 1 1 2 4 5 8 12 18 24 31
38 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 12 16 20
50 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 10 14 18
60 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 15
80 0 1 1 1 1 3 5 8 10 13
100 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 9 11
125 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 5 7 8
150 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6 7
175 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7
200 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 6
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
325 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
375 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4
400 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3
TW 2.0 (1.6) 11 18 31 51 67 105 157 235 307 395
3.5 (2.0) 8 14 24 39 51 80 120 181 236 303
5.5 (2.6) 6 10 18 29 38 60 89 135 176 226
8.0(3.2) 3 6 10 16 21 33 50 75 98 125
RHH*, RHW*, 2.0 (1.6) 7 12 20 34 44 70 104 157 204 262
RHW-2*, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH*, RHW*, 3.5 (2.0) 6 10 16 27 35 56 84 126 164 211
RHW-2*, THHW, 5.5 (2.6) 4 8 13 21 28 44 65 98 128 165
THW
RHH*, RHW*, 8.0 (3.2) 2 4 8 12 16 26 39 59 77 98
RHW-2*, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH*, RHW*, 14 1 3 6 9 13 20 30 45 59 75
RHW-2*, TW, 22 1 2 4 7 9 15 22 33 44 56
THW, THHW, 30 1 1 3 5 7 11 16 24 32 41
THW-2 38 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 17 22 29
50 1 1 1 3 4 6 10 14 19 24
60 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 12 16 21
80 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 13 17
100 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 11 14
125 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 9 12
150 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 10
175 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9
200 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 5 6 8
250 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 7
148
Table A54 Continued
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
(mm dia.)]
RHH*, RHW*, 325 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
RHW-2*, TW, 375 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 3 4
THW, THHW, 400 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 3 4
THW-2 500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 3
THHN, THWN, 2.0 (1.6) 16 27 44 73 96 150 225 338 441 566
THWN-2 3.5 (2.0) 11 19 32 53 70 109 164 246 321 412
5.5 (2.6) 7 12 20 33 44 69 103 155 202 260
8.0 (3.2) 4 7 12 19 25 40 59 89 117 150
14 3 5 8 14 18 28 43 64 84 108
22 1 3 5 8 11 17 26 39 52 66
30 1 1 3 6 8 12 19 28 37 47
38 1 1 2 4 6 9 14 21 27 35
50 1 1 2 4 5 8 11 17 23 29
60 1 1 1 3 4 6 10 14 19 24
80 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 12 16 20
100 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 10 13 17
125 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 8 10 14
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 9 12
175 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 10
200 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9
250 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6 7
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6
375 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
400 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
FEP, FEPB, 2.0 (1.6) 15 26 43 70 93 146 218 327 427 549
PFA, PFAH, TFE 3.5 (2.0) 11 19 31 51 68 106 159 239 312 400
5.5 (2.6) 8 13 22 37 48 76 114 171 224 287
8.0 (3.2) 4 8 13 21 28 44 65 98 128 165
14 3 5 9 15 20 31 46 70 91 117
22 1 4 6 10 14 21 32 49 64 82
30 1 2 4 7 9 15 22 33 44 56
PFA, PFAH, TFE 38 1 1 3 5 6 10 15 23 30 39
PFA, PFAH, 50 1 1 2 4 5 8 13 19 25 32
TFE, Z 60 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 16 21 27
80 1 1 1 3 3 6 9 13 17 22
100 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 11 14 18
Z 2.0 (1.6) 18 31 52 85 112 175 263 395 515 661
3.5 (2.0) 13 22 37 60 79 124 186 280 365 469
5.5 (2.6) 8 13 22 37 48 76 114 171 224 287
8.0 (3.2) 5 8 14 23 30 48 72 108 141 181
14 3 6 10 16 21 34 50 76 99 127
22 2 4 7 11 15 23 35 52 68 88
30 1 2 4 7 9 14 21 32 41 53
38 1 1 3 5 7 11 17 26 33 43
XHH, XHHW, 2.0 (1.6) 11 18 31 51 67 105 157 235 307 395
XHHW-2, ZW 3.5 (2.0) 8 14 24 39 51 80 120 181 236 303
5.5 (2.6) 6 10 18 29 38 60 89 135 176 226
8.0 (3.2) 3 6 10 16 21 33 50 75 98 125
14 2 4 7 12 15 24 37 55 75 93
22 1 3 5 8 11 18 26 40 52 67
30 1 1 3 6 8 12 19 28 37 48
149
Table A54 Continued
CONDUCTORS
Type Size [mm2
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
(mm dia.)]
XHH, XHHW, 38 1 1 3 4 6 9 14 21 28 35
XHHW-2 50 1 1 2 4 5 8 12 18 23 30
60 1 1 1 3 4 6 10 15 19 25
80 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 12 16 20
100 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 10 13 17
125 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 8 11 14
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 9 12
175 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 10
200 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9
250 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6 8
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6
375 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
400 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
FIXTURE WIRES
Type
(mm2) 15 20 25 32 40 50
FFH-2, RFH-2, RFHH-3 0.75 10 18 30 48 64 100
1.25 9 15 25 41 54 85
SF-2, SFF-2 0.75 13 22 37 61 81 127
1.25 11 18 31 51 67 105
2.0 9 15 25 41 54 85
SF-1, SFF-1 0.75 23 40 66 108 143 224
RFH-1, RFHH-2, TF, 0.75 17 29 49 80 105 165
TFF, XF, XFF
RFHH-2, TF, TFF, XF, 1.25 14 24 39 65 85 134
XFF
XF, XFF 2.0 11 18 31 51 67 105
TFN, TFFN 0.75 28 47 79 128 169 265
1.25 21 36 60 98 129 202
PF, PFF, PGF, PGFF, 0.75 26 45 74 122 160 251
PAF, PTF, PTFF, PAFF 1.25 20 35 58 94 124 194
2.0 15 26 43 70 93 146
HF, HFF, ZF, ZFF, ZHF 0.75 34 58 96 157 206 324
1.25 25 42 71 116 152 239
2.0 18 31 52 85 112 175
KF-2, KFF-2 0.75 49 84 140 228 300 470
1.25 35 59 98 160 211 331
2.0 24 40 67 110 145 228
3.5 16 28 46 76 100 157
5.5 11 18 31 51 67 105
KF-1, KFF-1 0.75 59 100 167 272 357 561
1.25 41 70 117 191 251 394
2.0 28 47 79 128 169 265
3.5 18 31 52 85 112 175
5.5 12 20 34 55 73 115
XF, XFF 3.5 6 10 16 27 35 56
5.5 4 8 13 21 28 44
150
Table A55 Maximum Number of Compact Conductors in Type A, Rigid

PVC Conduit (Based on Table 9.1.1.1, Chapter 9)
COMPACT CONDUCTORS
Type
Size (mm2) 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
THW, THW-2, 8.0 3 5 8 14 18 28 42 64 84 107
THHW 14 2 4 6 10 14 22 33 49 65 83
22 1 3 5 8 10 16 24 37 48 62
30 1 1 3 6 7 12 18 27 36 46
38 1 1 2 4 5 8 13 19 25 32
50 1 1 1 3 4 7 11 16 21 28
60 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 14 18 23
80 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 12 15 20
100 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 10 13 17
125 0 1 1 1 1 3 5 8 10 13
150 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 9 11
175 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 10
200 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9
250 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 6 8
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 6
375 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
400 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 4 5
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
THHN, THWN, 8.0
THWN-2 14 3 5 9 15 20 32 48 72 94 121
22 1 3 6 9 12 20 30 45 58 75
30 1 2 4 7 9 14 21 32 42 54
38 1 1 3 5 7 10 16 24 31 40
50 1 1 2 4 6 9 13 20 27 34
60 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 17 22 28
80 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 14 18 24
100 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 11 15 19
125 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 15
150 0 1 1 1 1 3 5 8 10 13
175 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 7 9 11
200 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 10
250 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5 7
375 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 6
400 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 6
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
XHHW, 8.0 4 6 11 18 23 37 55 83 108 139
XHHW-2 14 3 5 8 13 17 27 41 62 80 103
22 1 3 6 9 12 20 30 45 58 75
30 1 2 4 7 9 14 21 32 42 54
38 1 1 3 5 7 10 16 24 31 40
50 1 1 2 4 6 9 13 20 27 34
60 1 1 1 3 5 7 11 17 22 29
80 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 14 18 24
100 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 12 15 20
125 0 1 1 1 2 4 6 9 12 16
150 0 1 1 1 1 3 5 8 10 13
175 0 0 1 1 1 3 5 7 9 12
200 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 6 8 11
250 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 9
325 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5 7
375 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 6
400 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 6
500 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4
151
Table A56 Maximum Number of Conductors in Type EB, PVC Conduit (Based on
Table 9.1.1.1)
CONDUCTORS
Type
[mm2 (mm dia.)] 50 80 90 100 125 150
RH 2.0 (1.6) 74 166 217 276 424 603
3.5 (2.0) 59 134 175 222 341 485
RHH, RHW, 2.0 (1.6) 53 119 155 197 303 430
RHW-2 3.5 (2.0) 44 98 128 163 251 357
RH, RHH, RHW, 5.5 (2.6) 35 79 104 132 203 288
RHW-2 8.0 (3.2) 18 41 54 69 106 151
14 15 33 43 55 85 121
22 11 26 34 43 66 94
30 9 20 26 33 50 72
38 6 13 17 21 33 47
50 5 11 15 19 29 41
60 4 10 13 16 25 36
80 4 8 11 14 22 31
100 3 7 9 12 18 26
125 2 5 7 9 14 20
150 1 5 6 8 12 17
175 1 4 5 7 11 16
200 1 4 5 6 10 14
250 1 3 4 5 9 12
325 1 3 3 4 7 10
375 1 2 3 4 6 9
400 1 1 2 3 5 7
500 1 1 2 3 5 7
TW 2.0 (1.6) 111 250 327 415 638 907
3.5 (2.0) 85 192 251 319 490 696
5.5 (2.6) 63 143 187 238 365 519
8.0 (3.2) 35 79 104 132 203 288
RHH*, RHW*, 2.0 (1.6) 74 166 217 276 424 603
RHW-2*, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH*, RHW*, 3.5 (2.0) 59 134 175 222 341 485
RHW-2*, 5.5 (2.6) 46 104 136 173 266 378
THHW, THW
RHH*, RHW*, 8.0 (3.2) 28 62 81 104 159 227
RHW-2*, THW,
THHW, THW-2
RHH*, RHW*, 14 21 48 62 79 122 173
RHW-2*, TW, 22 16 36 46 59 91 129
THW, THHW, 30 11 26 34 43 66 94
THW-2 38 8 18 24 30 46 66
50 7 15 20 26 40 56
60 6 13 17 22 34 48
80 5 11 14 18 28 40
100 4 9 12 15 24 34
125 3 7 10 12 19 27
150 3 6 8 11 17 24
175 2 6 7 9 15 21
200 2 5 7 8 13 19
250 1 4 5 7 11 16
325 1 3 4 6 9 13
375 1 3 4 5 7 11
400 1 2 3 4 6 8
500 1 2 3 4 6 8
152
Table A56 Continued
CONDUCTORS
Type
[mm2 (mm dia.)] 50 80 90 100 125 150
THHN, THWN, 2.0 (1.6) 159 359 468 595 915 1300
THWN-2 3.5 (2.0) 116 262 342 434 667 948
5.5 (2.6) 73 165 215 274 420 597
8.0 (3.2) 42 95 124 158 242 344
14 30 68 89 114 175 248
22 19 42 55 70 107 153
30 13 30 39 50 76 109
38 10 22 29 37 57 80
50 8 18 24 31 48 68
60 7 15 20 26 40 56
80 5 13 17 21 33 47
100 4 10 14 18 27 39
125 4 8 11 14 22 31
150 3 7 10 12 19 27
175 3 6 8 11 17 24
200 2 6 7 10 15 21
250 1 5 6 8 12 18
325 1 4 5 6 10 14
375 1 3 4 5 8 12
400 1 2 3 4 6 9
500 1 2 3 4 6 9
FEP, FEPB, 2.0 (1.6) 155 348 454 578 888 1261
PFA, PFAH, TFE 3.5 (2.0) 113 254 332 422 648 920
5.5 (2.6) 81 182 238 302 465 660
8.0 (3.2) 46 104 136 173 266 378
14 33 74 97 123 189 269
22 23 52 68 86 132 188
30 16 36 46 59 91 129
PFA, PFAH, TFE 38 11 25 32 41 63 90
PFA, PFAH, 50 9 20 27 34 53 75
TFE, Z 60 7 17 22 28 43 62
80 6 14 18 23 36 51
100 5 11 15 19 29 42
Z 2.0 (1.6) 186 419 547 696 1069 1519
3.5 (2.0) 132 297 388 494 759 1078
5.5 (2.6) 81 182 238 302 465 660
8.0 (3.2) 51 115 150 191 294 417
14 36 81 105 134 206 293
22 24 55 72 92 142 201
30 15 34 44 56 86 122
38 12 27 36 45 70 99
XHH, XHHW, 2.0 (1.6) 111 250 327 415 638 907
XHHW-2, ZW 3.5 (2.0) 85 192 251 319 490 696
5.5 (2.6) 63 143 187 238 365 519
8.0 (3.2) 35 79 104 132 203 288
14 26 59 77 98 150 213
22 19 42 56 71 109 155
30 13 30 39 50 77 110
153
Table A56 Continued
CONDUCTORS
Type
[mm2 (mm dia.)] 50 80 90 100 125 150
XHH, XHHW, 38 10 22 29 37 58 82
XHHW-2 50 8 19 25 31 48 69
60 7 16 20 26 40 57
80 6 13 17 22 33 47
100 5 11 14 18 27 39
125 4 9 11 15 22 32
150 3 7 10 12 19 28
175 3 6 9 11 17 24
200 2 6 8 10 15 22
250 1 5 6 8 12 18
325 1 4 5 6 10 14
375 1 3 4 5 8 12
400 1 2 3 4 6 9
500 1 2 3 4 6 9
154
Table A57 Maximum Number of Compact Conductors in Type EB,

PVC Conduit (Based on Table 9.1.1.1)
CONDUCTORS
Type
(mm2) 50 80 90 100 125 150
THW, THW- 8.0 30 68 89 113 174 247
2, THHW 14 23 52 69 87 134 191
22 17 39 51 65 100 143
30 13 29 38 48 74 105
38 9 20 26 34 52 74
50 8 17 23 29 45 64
60 6 15 19 24 38 54
80 5 12 16 21 32 46
100 4 10 14 17 27 38
125 3 8 11 14 21 30
150 3 7 9 12 19 26
175 3 6 8 11 17 24
200 2 6 7 10 15 21
250 1 5 6 8 12 18
325 1 4 5 6 10 14
375 1 3 4 5 8 12
400 1 2 3 4 7 9
500 1 2 3 4 7 9
THHN, THWN, 8.0
THWN-2 14 34 77 100 128 196 279
22 21 47 62 79 121 172
30 15 34 44 57 87 124
38 11 25 33 42 65 93
50 9 22 28 36 56 79
60 8 18 23 30 46 65
80 6 15 20 25 38 55
100 5 12 16 20 32 45
125 4 10 13 16 25 35
150 4 8 11 14 22 31
175 3 7 9 12 19 27
200 3 6 8 11 17 24
250 2 5 7 9 14 20
325 1 4 6 7 11 16
375 1 4 5 6 9 14
400 1 3 3 4 7 10
500 1 3 3 4 7 10
XHHW, 8.0 39 88 115 146 225 320
XHHW-2 14 29 65 85 109 167 238
22 21 47 62 79 121 172
30 15 34 44 57 87 124
38 11 25 33 42 65 93
50 9 22 28 36 56 79
60 8 18 24 30 47 67
80 6 15 20 25 38 55
100 5 12 16 21 32 46
125 4 10 13 17 26 37
150 4 8 11 14 22 31
175 3 7 10 12 19 28
200 3 7 9 11 17 25
250 2 5 7 9 14 20
325 1 4 6 7 11 16
375 1 3 5 6 9 13
400 1 3 4 5 7 10
500 1 3 4 5 7 10
155
156
ANNEX B
Conductor Application and Insulation
157
158
Table B1. Conductor Application and Insulations
Trade Name Type Maximum Insulation
Letter Operating Application Material Conductor Thickness Outer
Temperatur Provisions Area (mm2) (mm) Coveringa
e
Fluorinated FEP 90C Dry and damp locations Flourinated 2.0 5.5 0.50 None
ethylene or ethylene
propylene FEPB Propylene 8.0 30 0.80

200C Dry locations special Flourinated 2.0 8.0 0.40 Glass braid
applicationsb ethylene
Propylene 14 30 0.40 Other suitable
braid material
Mineral insulation MI 90C Dry and wet locations Magnesium oxide c 0.58 Copper or
0.75 1.25
(metal 1.25 5.5 0.90 alloy steel
b
sheathed) 250C For special applications 5.6 22 1.30
23 250 1.40
159
Moisture-, heat-, MTW 60C Machine tool wiring in wet Flame-retardant 0.65 3.5 (a) (b) (a) None
and locations as permitted in moisture-, heat-, 5.5 0.80 0.40
oil-resistant NFPA 79 see Article 6.70) and 8.0 0.80 0.50 (b) Nylon jacket
thermoplastic 90C Machine tool wiring in dry oil-resistant 14 1.20 0.80 or equivalent
locations as permitted in thermoplastic 22 30 1.60 0.80
NFPA 79 (see Article 6.70) 38 100 1.60 1.00
101 250 2.00 1.30
251 500 2.40 1.60
2.80 1.80
Paper 85C For underground service Paper Lead sheath
conductors, or by special
permission
Perfluoro- PFA 90C Dry and damp locations Perfluoro-alkoxy 2.0 5.5 0.50 None
alkoxy 8.0 30 0.80
200C Dry locations special 38 100 1.20
applicationsb
Perfluoro- PFAH 250C Dry locations only. Perfluoroalkoxy 2.0 5.5 0.50 None
alkoxy Only for leads 8.0 30 0.80
Within apparatus 38 100 1.20
or within raceways
connected to apparatus
(nickel or nickel-coated
copper only)
Thermoset RH 75C Dry and damp locations Flame-retardant 2.0 3.5d 0.80 Moisture

thermoset 5.5 1.20 resistant,
Thermoset RHH 90C Dry and damp locations 8.0 30 1.60 flame-retardant,
38 100 2.00 nonmetallic
101 250 2.40 covering1
251 500 2.80
501 1 000 3.20
For 601 2000
Volts, see
160
Table
3.10.1.62
Moisture- RHWe 75C Dry and wet locations Flame-retardant, 2.0 5.5dd 1.20 Moisture
resistant Where over 2 000 volts moisture-resistant 8.0 30 1.60 resistant,
thermoset Insulation, shall be thermoset 38 100 2.00 flame-retardant,
Ozone resistant 101 250 2.40 nonmetallic
251 500 2.80 covering5
501 1 000 3.20
For 601 2000
Volts, see
Table
3.10.1.62
a
Some insulations do not require an outer covering.
b
Where Design conditions require maximum conductor operating temperature above 90 oC
c
For signaling circuits permitting 300-volts insulation.
d
For size 2.0 3.5 mm2, RHH insulation shall be 1.20 mm thickness.
e
Listed wire type designated with the suffix -2, such as RHW-2, shall be permitted to be used at continuous 90 oC operating temperature, wet or dry.
f
Some rubber insulations do not require an outer covering.
Table B1. (Continued)
Maximum Insulation
Type Operating Application Outer
Trade Name Materials Conductor Thickness
Letter Temperature Provisions Coveringa
Area (mm2) (mm)
Moisture- RHW-2 90C Dry and wet locations Flame-retardant, 2.0 5.5 1.20 Moisture-
resistant moisture-resistant 8.0 30 1.60 resistant,
thermoset thermoset 38 100 2.00 flame-retardant,
101 250 2.40 nonmetallic

251 500 2.80 coveringf
501 1 000 3.20
For 601 2 000
Volts, see
Table
3.10.1.62
Silicon SA 90C Dry and wet locations 2.0 5.5 1.20 Glass or other
8.0 30 1.60 suitable braid
161
38 100 2.00 material

101 250 2.40
200C For special applicationb Silicon rubber 251 500 2.80
501 1 000 3.20
Thermoset SIS 90C Switchboard Flame-retardant 2.0 5.5 0.80 None
wiring only thermoset 8.0 30 1.20
38 100 2.40
Thermoplastic TBS 90C Switchboard Thermoplastic 2.0 5.5 0.80 Flame-retardant,
and fibrous Wiring only 8.0 1.20 nonmetallic
outer braid 14 30 1.60 covering
38 100 2.00
Extended TFE 250C Dry locations only. Only for Extruded 2.0 5.5 0.50 None
polytetrafluoro leads within apparatus or Polytetrafluoro- 8.0 30 0.80
-ethylene within raceways connected ethylene 38 100 1.20
to apparatus,or as open
wiring (Nickel or nickel-
coated copper only)
Heat-resistant THHN 90C Dry and damp location Flame- retardant, 2.0 3.5 0.40 Nylon jacket
thermoplastic heat-resistant 5.5 0.50 or equivalent
thermoplastic 8.0 14 0.80
22 30 1.00
38 100 1.30
125 250 1.60
251 500 1.80
Moisture-and THHW 75C Wet location Flame-retardant, 2.0 5.5 0.80 None
heat-resistant moisture- and heat- 8.0 1.20

thermoplastic 90C Dry location resistant 14 30 1.60
thermoplastic 38 100 2.00
101 250 2.40
251 500 2.80
Moisture-and THWc 75C Dry and wet locations Flame-retardant, 2.0 5.5 0.80 None
heat-resistant moisture- and heat- 8.0 1.20
thermoplastic 90C Special applications within resistant 14 30 1.60
electric discharge lighting thermoplastic 38 100 2.00
162
equip. Limited to 1 000 101 250 2.40

open circuit volts or less 251 500 2.80
(size 2.0 8.0 mm2 only as 501 1 000 3.20
permitted in Section
4.10.6.10)
Moisture-and THWNe 75C Dry and wet locations Flame-retardant, 2.0 3.5 0.40 Nylon jacket
heat-resistant moisture- and heat- 5.5 0.50 or equivalent
thermoplastic resistant 8.0 14 0.80
thermoplastic 22 30 1.00
38 100 1.30
125 250 1.60
251 500 1.80
a
Some insulations do not require an outer covering
b
Where design conditions require maximum conductor operating temperature above 90C
e
Listed wire type designated with the suffix -2, such as RHW-2, shall be permitted to be used at a continuous 90C operating temperature, wet or dry.
f
Some rubber insulations do not require an outer covering.
Table B1. (Continued)
Type Maximum
Trade Name Letter Operating Insulation
Application Outer
Temperature Provisions Materials Conductor Thickness Coveringa
Area (mm2) (mm)
Moisture- TW 60 C Dry and wet locations Flame-retardant, 2.0 5.5 0.80 None
resistant Moisture-resistant 8.0 1.20
thermoplastic Thermoplastic 14 30 1.60

38 100 2.00
101 250 2.40
251 500 2.80
501 1 000 3.20
Underground UF 60C See Article 3.39 Moisture-resistant 2.0 5.5 1.60g Integral with
feeder and 8.0 30 2.00g insulation
branch-circuit 38 100 2.40g
cable single
163
conductor
(For Type UF 75C Moisture- and
cable employing heat- resistant
more than one
conductor, see
Article 3.39.)
Underground USEe 75C See Article 3.38. Heat- and moisture- 2.0 5.5 1.20 Moisture-
service-entrance resistant 8.0 30 1.60 resistant
Cable single 38 100 2.00 nonmetallic
conductor 101 250 2.40 covering
(For Type USE 251 500 2.80 [(See
cable employing 501 1 000 3.20 3.38.1.1(b)]
more than one
conductor, see
Article 3.38.)
Thermoset XHH 90C Dry and damp locations Flame-retardant 2.0 5.5 0.80 None
thermoset 8.0 30 1.20
38 100 1.40
101 250 1.70
251 500 2.00
501 1 000 2.40
Moisture- XHHWe 90C Dry and damp locations Flame-retardant 2.0 5.5 0.80 None
resistant moisture-resistant 8.0 30 1.20
thermoset Wet locations thermoset 38 100 1.40

101 250 1.70
251 500 2.00
501 1 000 2.40
Moisture- XHHW-2 90C Dry and damp locations Flame-retardant 2.0 5.5 0.80 None
resistant moisture-resistant 8.0 30 1.20
thermoset thermoset 38 100 1.40
101 250 1.70
251 500 2.00
164
501 1 000 2.40

Modified Z 90C Dry and damp locations Modified ethylene 2.0 3.5 0.40 None
ethylene tetrafluoro- 5.5 0.50
tetrafluoro- 150C Dry locations special ethylene 8.0 22 0.64
ethylene applicationsb 30 38 0.89
50 100 1.20
Modified ZWe 75C Wet locations Modified ethylene 2.0 5.5 8.0 30 None
ethylene tetrafluoro-ethylene
tetrafluoro- 90C Dry and damp locations
ethylene
150C Dry locations special
applicationsb
a
Some insulations do not require an outer covering.
b
Where design conditions require maximum conductor operating temperatures above 90C.
e
Listed wire types designated with the suffix 2, such as RHW-2, shall be permitted to be used at a continuous 90C operating temperature, wet or dry.
g
Includes integral jacket.
i
Insulation thickness shall be permitted to be 2.80 mm for listed Type USE conductors that have been subjected to special investigations. The nonmetallic covering over individual rubber-covered conductors of
aluminum-sheathed cable and of lead-sheathed or multiconductor cable shall not be required to be flame retardant. For Type MC cable, see 3.30.3.1. For nonmetallic-sheathed cable, see Part 3.34.3. For Type
UF cable, see Part 3.40.3.
ANNEX C
Philippine National Standard for Electrical Products
1. PNS 35-1:2004 - Electric wires and cables Thermoplastic

insulated electric copper wires and cables
rated 600 volts Part 1: General
specifications
2. PNS 35-2:2006 - Electric wires and cables Thermoplastic
insulated electric copper wires and cables
rated 600 volts Part 1: Non-metallic flat
jacketed electric wires Specifications
3. PNS 40:1984 - Electric wires and cables Copper
redraw rod for electrical purposes
Specification
4. PNS 43:1984 - Electric wires and cables EC
Amendments 01: aluminum redraw rod for electrical
1985 purposes Specification
5. PNS 106:1987 - Enameled copper wires Test method
6. PNS 107:1987 - Polyurethane enameled copper wires,
class 105 Specifications
7. PNS 108:1987 - Polyester enameled copper wires, class
105 Specification
8. PNS 109:1987 - Polyvinyl formal enameled copper wires,
class 105 Specification
9. PNS 110:1987 - Polyester amide-imide enameled copper
wires, class 180 - Specification
10. PNS 111:1987 - Oleo-resinous enameled copper wires
Specification
11. CDPNS 163:XXXX - Electrical products Polyvinyl chloride
insulated flexible cords and fixture wires
Specification
12. PNS 260:2004 - Electric wires and cables Annealed
copper wires Specification
13. CDPNS 261:XXXX - Electric wires and cables PVC
insulated low voltages cable for road
vehicles Specification
165
14. CDPNS 661:XXXX - Organic chemicals Plasticized

Polyvinyl chloride compounds for
electrical insulation Specification
15. PNS 662:1992 - Electrical wires and cables Ampacities
of insulated electric 8u77 conductors,
0-35,000 volts
16. PNS 1086:1992 - Electrical wires and cables Hard-
drawn solid copper wires for electrical
purposes Specification
17. PNS 1087:1992 - Electrical wires and cables Hard-drawn
copper stranded Specification
18. PNS 1088:2006 - Electric wires and cables Copper and
aluminum conductors for electrical
purposes Test methods
19. PNS 1129:1993 - Hard-drawn aluminum wires for electric
purposes Specifications
20. PNS 1130:1993 - Hard-drawn aluminum stranded
conductors Specification
21. PNS 1207:2006 - Electric wires and cables Soft-drawn
(annealed) copper stranded conductors
for electrical purposes Specification
22. PNS 1289:1995 - Electric wires and cables PVC
insulated battery cables Specification
23. PNS 1487-1-1:1997 - Common test methods for insulating and
sheathing materials of electric cables
Part 1: Methods for general application
Section 1: Measurement of thickness and
overall dimensions Test for
determining mechanical properties
Section 2: Thermal ageing methods
Section 3: Methods of determining the
density Water absorption tests
Shrinkage
166

Section 4: Test at low temperature
Amendments 01 & sheathing materials of electric cables
02:1997 Part 2: Methods specific to elastomeric
compounds Section 1: Ozone resistance
testhot set testMineral oil immersion
test
Part 3: Methods specific to PVC
compounds Section 1: Pressure test at
high temperature Test for resistance to
cracking
Part 3: Methods specific to PVC
compounds Section 2: loss of mass test
Thermal stability test
Part 4: Methods specific to polyethylene
and polypropelene compounds Section
1: Resistance to environmental stress
cracking Wrapping test after thermal
ageing in air Measurement of the melt
flow index carbon black and/or mineral
content measurement in PE
Part 4: Methods specific to polyethylene
and polypropelene compounds Section
2: Elongation at break after pre-
conditioning Wrapping test after
thermal ageing in air Measurement of
mass increase Long term stability test
(Appendix A) Test method for copper-
167
catalysed oxidative degradation

(Appendix B)
32. PNS 2048:2006 - Electric wires and cables
Thermoplastic-insulated underground
feeder - Specification
33. PNS ASTM B230: - Standard Specification for Aluminum
2005 1350-H19 Wire for Electrical Purposes
(ASTM published 2004)
34. PNS ASTM B231: - Standard Specification Concentric-Lay-
2005 Stranded Aluminum 1350 Conductors
2005 1350 Drawing Stock for Electrical
Purposes (ASTM published 2003)
36. PNS ASTM B400: - Standard Specification for Compact
2005 Round Concentric-Lay-Stranded
Aluminum 1350 Conductors
2005 1350 Round Wire, Annealed and
Intermediate Tempers, for Electrical
Purposes (ASTM published 2004)
38. PNS ASTM B786: - Standard Specification for 19 Wire
2005 Combination Unilay-Stranded
Aluminum Conductors for Subsequent
Insulation (ASTM published 2004)
39. PNS ASTM B800: - Standard Specification for 8000 Series
2005 Aluminum Alloy Wire for Electrical
Purposes-Annealed and Intermediate
Tempers (ASTM published 2000)
40. PNS ASTM B801: - Standard Specification Concentric-Lay-
2005 Stranded Conductors of 8000 Series
Aluminum Alloy for Subsequent
Covering or Insulation (ASTM
published 1999)
41. PNS ASTM B172: - Standard Specification for Rope-Lay-
2005 Stranded Copper Conductors Having
Bunch-Stranded Members, for Electrical
Conductors (ASTM published 2001)
168
42. PNS ASTM B173: - Standard Specification for Rope-Lay-

2005 Stranded Copper Conductors Having
Concentric-Stranded members, for
Electrical Conductors (ASTM published
2001)
43. PNS ASTM B174: - Standard Specification for Bunch-
2005 Stranded Copper Conductors for
Electrical Conductors
44. PNS ASTM D1047:- Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl
2005 Chloride Jacket for Wire and Cable
45. PNS ASTM D1351:- Standard Specification for
2005 Thermoplastic Polyethylene Insulation
for Electrical Wire and Cable
2005 Chloride) Insulation for Wire and Cable,
60OC Operation
2005 Chloride Insulation for Wire and Cable,
75OC Operation
48. PNS ASTM D2308:- Standard Specification for
2005 Thermoplastic Polyethylene Jacket for
Electrical Wire and Cable
49. PNS ASTM D3554:- Standard Specification for Track-
2005 Resistant Black Thermoplastic High-
Density Polyethylene Insulation for
Wire and Cable, 75OC Operation
169
170
Annex D
171
Bibliography
1) Electric Cables Handbook 3rd Edition by Moore (Blackwell,
1997)
2) Cable handbook by Phelps Dodge Philippines
3) National Electrical Code
4) Philippine Electrical Code
5) Wikipedia
173
174

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2010 Edition

Power Cables & Wires

Through the initiative of:

International Copper Association South East Asia

Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc.

All components necessary for the construction of a cable or wire, from

Though conscientious efforts have been exerted to ensure the accuracy of

Special thanks are given to the Institute of Integrated Electrical

Finally, eternal gratitude is given to the IIEE Adhoc Committee on Wires

Again, thank you very much.

One of the fundamental concerns of electrical engineering is the

Electric wires and cables come in a wide variety of types and

The aim of this manual is to provide sufficient information on the types

There are several high conductivity metals that may be used as

Table 1. Resistivity of Metals at 20C

1.1 Resistance and Conductivity

Resistance is the opposition of an object to the passage of electric

Compared with copper, aluminum has a number of technical

Although aluminum has only about sixty-one percent (61%) of the

However, the relatively large size of aluminum for a given

covering. Hence, low voltage household, office, and factory

In general, current ratings of aluminum cables are about 78%-80% of

1.4 Voltage Regulation

Reactance is negligible in all DC circuits and, in AC circuits with

1.5 Short Circuit

Copper conductors have higher capabilities in short circuit

1.6 Other Factors

Aluminum oxidizes rapidly when exposed to air, a thin corrosion

Small strands of aluminum conductor have lower bending tolerance

Economics does play a vital consideration in the choice of conductor

2. WIRE/CABLE MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Copper and aluminum rods undergo several stages of processing before

Bare solid soft drawn

Figure 1: Wire Manufacturing Process

Drawing is the process of pulling the copper or aluminum rods or

Annealing is the process of softening the temper of the wire and

Bunching is similar to the stranding process except that all individual

bunch. A number of bunches twisted together so that each bunch,

Extrusion is the process where an insulation material is

Similar to most industries, standards for measuring conductor sizes had

The American Wire Gauge (AWG) is used predominantly in the United

Thus, the ratio of any diameter to the next size is 1.122932.

A conductors size is directly proportional to its current carrying

Table 2 - Conversion Table

PEC (PNS) ASTM Metric (IEC)

The conductor material may be either solid or stranded. A solid

4.1 Concentric Stranding

This consists of a central wire or core surrounded

For power cables, the

flexibility is obtained by using small strands and increasing the

4.2 Compressed Stranding

This construction slightly deforms the layers

4.3 Compact Stranding

This is similar to compressed stranding except

Table 3 - Diameter for Stranded Copper and Aluminum Conductors

4.4 Bunch Stranding

In this construction the conductor strands are

4.5 Rope Stranding

This is a combination of the concentric

4.6 Sector Conductors

The cross-section of these conductors is

4.7 Segmental Conductors

A segmental conductor is a round, stranded