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DEDICATORIA Viviana Bazn Rojas: A mi padre que me apoy durante mi preparacin
acadmica y a quien quiero mucho. Karen Villanueva Martnez: A mis padres que me han
apoyado en toda mi preparacin profesional y que luchan todos los das por m y mis hermanos.
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OBJETIVO: Analizar la relacin entre los factores asociados al uso de Mtodos
Anticonceptivos (MAC) con los embarazos no planificados de las adolescentes atendidas en el
Instituto Especializado Materno Perinatal durante el ao 2004.
MATERIAL Y MTODOS: Realiz un estudio retrospectivo, transversal, de casos y
controles en donde se entrevist a 26 adolescentes con embarazo no planificado (casos); y a 26
adultas con embarazo no planificado (controles). El instrumento utilizado fue una entrevista semi
estructurada. Para el anlisis de datos se utilizaron: distribucin de la frecuencia Chi-cuadrado
y el T-student (significativos a un nivel de p< 0.05); para la determinacin de las asociaciones se
utiliz la razn de productos cruzados (OR) con sus intervalos de confianza al 95 %.
RESULTADOS: Los factores de riesgo fueron: conocimientos de MAC, barreras al acceso
de los anticonceptivos, comunicacin con los padres, comunicacin con la pareja. El 73.7% de
adolescentes tienen conocimiento inadecuado sobre MAC (OR: 4.9). El 42.3 % de casos
presentan barreras reales (OR: 1.1). La comunicacin con los padres fue inadecuada en un 65.4%
en las adolescentes (OR: 1.6). Un 57.7% de adolescentes respondieron tener comunicacin
inadecuada con la pareja. (OR: 1.8). El 100% de adolescentes presentaron barreras percibidas
(OR: 19.07).
CONCLUSIN: Se puede concluir que los factores que estan relacionados al uso de MAC
en adolescentes con embarazo no planificado fueron: desconocimiento sobre MAC y barreras
percibidas al acceso de anticonceptivos.
Palabras claves: ADOLESCENTES, EMBARAZO NO PLANIFICADO, USO DE
MTODOS ANTICONCEPTIVOS.
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11: 7
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Investigacin. 3rd ed. Mxico: McGraw- Hill Interamericana; 2003.
Caedo Dorantes L. Investigacin Clnica. 2ad. Ed. Mxico: Nueva Editorial
Interamericana; 1997.
Lasky T, Stolley PD. Seleccin de casos y controles. Boletn Oficina Sanitaria
Panamericana.1996; 120(5): 441-453.
Lazcano PE, Salazar ME, Hernndez MA. Estudios epidemiolgicos de casos y
controles. Fundamento terico, variantes y aplicaciones. Revista de Salud Pblica de
Mxico.2001; 43(2): 135-150.
Bulln L. La estadstica en la investigacin epidemiolgica: el estudio de casos y
controles. Anales de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de
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Washington DC: Organizacin Panamericana de Salud; 1997.
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