PROGRAM-1.

a
Hello world Interactive mode

1.Type in terminal window and type the commands continuously

$ns

%set ns[new Simulator]

_04

%$ns @ 1 puts \Hello world\

%$ns at 1.5 exit

%ns run

Hello world ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- this is the O/P

PROGRAM-1.b
Hello world Batch mode

1. Open gedit tool and type the following program and save(file name simple.tcl ).

CODING

Set ns[new Simulator]

$ns at 1 puts \Hello world\

$ns at 1.5 exit

$ns run

2. Run the above program

[info@localhost~]ns simple.tcl

Hello world ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- this is the O/P

PROGRAM-2
Following program for two nodes(n0,n1) and communication with 1Mb and delay of 10 ms.

CODING
#Create a simulator object

set ns [new Simulator]

#Open the nam trace file

set nf [open out.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all $nf

#Define a 'finish' procedure

proc finish {} {

global ns nf

$ns flush-trace

#Close the trace file

close $nf

#Execute nam on the trace file

exec nam a out.nam &

exit 0

#Create two nodes

set n0 [$ns node]

set n1 [$ns node]

#Create a duplex link between the nodes

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail

#Call the finish procedure after 5 seconds of simulation time

$ns at 5.0 "finish"

#Run the simulation

$ns run

PROGRAM-3
Wired network can be created using a simple topology with n number of nodes connected by a wired
link. Any two nodes in the network can be connected using a duplex link and the link characteristics include
bandwidth, delay and queue type. The code segment in test1.tcl creates a wired network and the nodes are
connected with duplex link with the bandwidth 2 Megabit, a delay of 50ms and a DropTail queue. Each node
is assigned with label, color and shape. The wireless network with 3 nodes can be viewed in the Network
Animator (NAM) window after executing the file test1.tcl
CODING

# Filename: test1.tcl

#-------Event scheduler object creation--------#

set ns [new Simulator]

#----------creating trace objects----------------#

set nt [open test1.tr w]

$ns trace-all $nt

#----------creating nam objects----------------#

set nf [open test1.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all $nf

#----------Setting color ID----------------#

$ns color 1 darkmagenta

$ns color 2 yellow

$ns color 3 blue

$ns color 4 green

$ns color 5 black

#---------- Creating Network----------------#

set totalNodes 3

for {set i 0} {$i < $totalNodes} {incr i} {

set node_($i) [$ns node]

set server 0

set router 1

set client 2

#---------- Creating Duplex Link----------------#

$ns duplex-link $node_($server) $node_($router) 2Mb 50ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $node_($router) $node_($client) 2Mb 50ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link-op $node_($server) $node_($router) orient right

$ns duplex-link-op $node_($router) $node_($client) orient right

#------------Labelling----------------#
$ns at 0.0 "$node_($server) label Server"

$ns at 0.0 "$node_($router) label Router"

$ns at 0.0 "$node_($client) label Client"

$ns at 0.0 "$node_($server) color blue"

$ns at 0.0 "$node_($client) color blue"

$node_($server) shape hexagon

$node_($client) shape hexagon

#---------finish procedure--------#

proc finish {} {

global ns nf nt

$ns flush-trace

close $nf

close $nt

puts "running nam..."

exec nam test1.nam &

exit 0

#Calling finish procedure

$ns at 10.0 "finish"

$ns run

PROGRAM-4
#Create a simulator object
set ns [new Simulator]

#Open the NAM trace file

set nf [open o.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all $nf

# create nodes

set n0 [$ns node]

set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
set n5 [$ns node]
set n7 [$ns node]
set n8 [$ns node]
set n10 [$ns node]

#Create links between the nodes

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 2Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 2Mb 10ms RED
$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 1.7Mb 20ms RED
$ns duplex-link $n4 $n5 2Mb 10ms RED
$ns duplex-link $n2 $n8 2Mb 10ms RED
$ns duplex-link $n4 $n10 2Mb 5ms DropTail

#Define a 'finish' procedure

proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
#Close the NAM trace file
close $nf
#Execute NAM on the trace file
exec nam o.nam &
exit 0
}

#Call the finish procedure

$ns at 1.0 "finish"

#Run the simulation

$ns run

OUTPUT