January 21, 2013

January 21, 2013

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 01

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 SCOPE

2.0 GENERAL

2.1 Requirements
2.2 Geotechnical Information
2.3 Plan and Profile Drawings

3.0 TRANSMISSION LINE ACCESS ROAD

3.1 Geometric Design Criteria

3.2 Access Road- Earthworks Requirements
3.3 Road Intersections
3.4 Routes
3.5 Pipeline Crossings

4.0 STRUCTURE PAD

4.1 Design Criteria

4.2 Finger Road and Pad

5.0 SLOPE PROTECTION AND SAND CONTROL

5.1 Oil or Emulsified Asphalt

5.2 Rip-rap or Concrete Barrier

6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

FIGURE TE-2211-0100-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR SUSPENSION/TANGENT STRUCTURE

FIGURE TE-2211-0200-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR TENSION/ANGLE STRUCTURES
FIGURE TE-2211-0300-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR H-FRAME STRUCTURES
FIGURE TE-2211-0400-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR MONOPOLE STRUCTURES
FIGURE TE-2211-0500-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR GUYED H-FRAME STRUCTURES
FIGURE TE-2211-0600-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR GUYED MONOPOLE STRUCTURES
FIGURE TE-2211-0700-00: TYPICAL INTERSECTION
FIGURE TE-2211-0800-00: UNPAVED CROSSING FOR ABOVE GRADE PIPELINES
FIGURE TE-2211-0900-00: FINGER ROAD AND PAD
FIGURE TE-2211-1000-00: FINGER ROAD ALONG MAIN ROAD/HIGHWAY

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 01

1.0 SCOPE

This Standard establishes the specific parameters and procedures for the design of unpaved
access road, structure pad and slope protection from erosion/encroachment of transmission
line Right-of-Way (ROW), for use in overhead transmission line system of National Grid
Saudi Arabia.

2.0 GENERAL

2.1 Requirements

Access to the transmission line ROW and along the transmission line requires
various operations including construction of road approaches, filling of ditches,
dozing trails, and other works depending on the type of terrain. Suitable road
approaches are required for safe access of equipment and vehicles. Proper surface
drainage shall be provided. For easier accessibility during construction and later for
inspection, operation and maintenance of the transmission lines, unpaved access
road shall be located as near as possible to transmission lines.

All access roads, finger roads and structure pads shall be permanent for operation
and maintenance purpose by National Grid Saudi Arabia.

2.2 Geotechnical Information

Detailed soil investigation conducted along the centerline of the proposed

transmission line shall serve as reference in the design of access road. The soil
investigation report shall include the following:

2.2.1 Soil boring logs, sampling and testing

2.2.2 Ground surface and Ground Water observations

2.2.3 Moisture-Density relationship (Compaction details)

2.2.4 California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test plots including CBR vs Dry Density

2.2.5 Recommendations

2.2 Plan and Profile Drawings

The design of unpaved access road and structure pad shall make use of the
transmission line plan and profile drawings, which show the left and right profile at
15 m away from the transmission centerline.

3.0 TRANSMISSION LINE ACCESS ROAD

The unpaved transmission line access road shall be designed for adequate traffic volume to
assure the safe movement of construction and maintenance equipment along the ROW.

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 01

Design of access road shall take into account the grade and topographical conditions of the
terrain to be traversed and shall be in accordance with the following requirements:

3.1 Geometric Design Criteria

3.1.1 Design Speed

The geometric design features shall be in consistent with design speed of

48 km/h for transmission line access road for all types of terrain conditions.

3.1.2 Sight Distance

The minimum stopping sight distance shall be 61 m based on the design

speed. Coefficient (K) values of 28 for crest vertical curve and 35 for sag
vertical curve shall be used in determining the length of vertical curves.

K value is a coefficient by which the algebraic difference in grade shall be

multiplied to determine the length of the vertical curve, which will provide
smooth transition between tangent grade changes.

Length of horizontal curves shall be calculated in accordance with

Geometric Design Guide by American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

3.1.3 Maximum Grades

The maximum grades for different types of terrain based on the specified
design speed shall be the following:

Type of Terrain Maximum Grade

a. Flat 10.5%
b. Rolling 13.5%
c. Mountainous 15.0%

3.1.4 Roadway Width

The minimum width of the unpaved access road shall be 5 m.

3.1.5 Side Slope

The maximum side slope shall be 4 horizontal to 1 vertical. The

intersection of fill slope and cut slope planes shall be well rounded. The cut
slope shall be designed with adequate and well-rounded ditches.

3.1.6 Minimum Clearances

a. The minimum horizontal distance from the centerline of transmission

line to the nearest edge of the access road shall be 15 m as indicated
in Figure TE-2211-0100-00.

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 01

b. The minimum vertical clearance between the highest point on the

road surface and the lowest conductor of the overhead transmission
lines shall conform to TES-P-122.09.

3.1.7 Path Required for Vehicle (10-meter long truck for line wash)

a. Turning radius 14.0 m

b. Max. Angle of approach and departure 30 degrees
c. Max. ramp break over angle 10 degrees

3.2 Access Road - Earthworks Requirements

The typical cross-section of access road shall consist of subgrade, subbase, and
surface/base course. The requirements are given below:

3.2.1 Subgrade

a. Clearing site and rough grading shall be as per TCS-Q-113.02. An

average of about 200 mm top soil shall be removed from the
subgrade, transported and disposed off from the site at National Grid
Saudi Arabia designated dumping grounds.

b. Any depressions below subgrade level due to removal of unsuitable

material shall be filled in accordance with requirements of
TCS-Q-113.02.

c. The original ground (subgrade) shall be scarified and compacted to

200 mm depth. Compaction shall be in accordance with
TCS-Q-113.02 as specified for Light Traffic roads.

The compacted California Bearing Ratio (CBR) at laboratory for

subgrade material after four days of soaking as determined by ASTM
D1883 shall not be less than 15.

d. The subgrade finish shall be conforming to the required alignment,

grade and cross-section of the access road.

e. In areas where the existing subgrade material has a CBR value of less
than 15, subgrade modification shall be done to improve the CBR to
a minimum of 15 after four days of soaking.

3.2.2 Subbase

a. Subbase material shall be in accordance with Class C of

TCS-Q-113.02. It shall be clean, free of organic and other deleterious
substances. The CBR value of the material shall not be less than 50.

b. Compaction shall be in compliance with TCS-Q-113.02 as specified for

Light Traffic roads. Thickness of each layer shall not exceed 150 mm
after compaction.

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 01

c. The top of the subbase material shall be minimum of 1.5 m in

Sabkha, water logged, water course, flooded and swamp areas in
order to protect the wearing surface from detrimental effects of
capillary movement of the ground water. The thickness of the
subbase material in other areas shall vary depending on the type of
terrain to avoid abrupt changes in the finished grade and to provide
smooth riding surface.

d. The top of the subbase material shall be elevated minimum 750 mm

from the existing ground level in desert area affected by sand shifting
& sand dunes.

3.2.3 Surface/Base Course

a. Material

Surface/base course material shall be in accordance with Class B of

TCS-Q-113.02. It shall be free of organic matter, rubbles, cobbles,
boulders and other deleterious substances. CBR value for
surface/base course material shall not be less than 75.

b. Placement and Compaction

Surface course shall be minimum 300 mm thick and the material

shall be placed in layers of uniform thickness with approved
spreaders. Layer thickness generally shall not exceed 150 mm after
compaction. Compaction shall be as per TCS-Q-113.02 for Heavy
Traffic roads. The water content of the material shall be maintained
during placement at the optimum percentage ( 1%) as determined
by ASTM D 1557. Vibratory compactor or other approved types of
special compacting equipment may be used.

c. Finish

The surface of the compacted material shall be finished by blading or

with automated equipment specially designed for this purpose and
rolled with a steel wheeled roller. Thin layers of fine materials shall
never be added to the top layer of the surface course in order to meet
the grade.

d. Tolerances

The top of the completed surface course shall not show any deviation
in excess of 20 mm when tested with a 3 m straightedge. The
completed thickness of the surface course shall be within 20 mm of
the design thickness of 300 mm.

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 01

3.2.4 Fill materials, including water used during compaction, shall have chloride
and sulfate contents equal to or less than the existing soil. Seawater shall
not be used for compaction.

3.2.5 In continuous/uninterrupted hilly areas where hard & solid bed rock is
encountered, access road shall be prepared by rough grading at the existing
levels followed by compaction in order to suit four wheel drive (4WD)
vehicles. Such roads shall serve the purpose to access the structure
locations during the construction stage and later on, same roads shall be
utilized by National Grid Saudi Arabia for operation & maintenance. These
roads shall be subject to approval and acceptance of National Grid Saudi
Arabia.

3.3 Road Intersections

Road intersection and access road crossing are locations where roads cross each
other at a common elevation. The typical plan layout of intersection shall be as per
Figure TE-2211-0700-00. Adequate advanced warning of the intersection, traffic
directional arrows and signs shall be provided as per following:

3.3.1 Warning Signs

The STOP or YIELD sign shall be provided to control traffic in accordance

with Ministry of Transport (MOT) requirements and shall be placed on the
access road at least 100 meters before the intersection.

3.3.2 Caution Signs

The caution signs "WARNING ROAD CROSSING AHEAD, SLOW

DOWN", shall be provided at least 100 m before the intersection and
"NATIONAL GRID SAUDI ARABIA RIGHT-OF WAY; DO NOT
ENTER" shall be provided at the barriers. The Sign boards shall be of 2 m
X 1 m X 3 mm thick anodized aluminum plate, supported suitably by two
50 mm galvanized schedule 40 pipes. The top level of the sign boards shall
be 2 m from the ground level. The lettering shall be in English and Arabic
languages of 50 mm height in reflective Aluminum color in blue
background.

3.3.3 Chain and Barrier Post (with locking arrangement)

Chains and barrier posts shall be located as shown in Figure

TE-2211-0700-00. Chains and barrier posts shall be painted with Zinc
Yellow (RAL 1018) and Traffic Black (RAL 9017) stripes of reflective
paint, to be visible at night, to prevent any untoward incident. Barrier post
shall be steel pipe filled with concrete of minimum 400 mm diameter and
2.5 meters length. This shall be embedded one (l) meter in depth. Chain
shall be of 6 mm size and grade 43 steel. The chain shall be fixed at one
end of the barrier. A closed hook to be provided at other end of the barrier
post for locking purposes.

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 01

3.3.4 Crash Barrier

Crash barriers are required to protect any fence, boundary wall, culvert, or
any other utilities, which are close to the transmission line structures. Crash
barrier shall be in compliance with TES-P-119.19.

3.4 Routes

Access road shall be routed within the ROW of the proposed transmission lines.

3.4.1 If an access road already exists within 30 m from the proposed

transmission line, only finger roads need to be constructed in order to
access the new transmission line structure.

3.4.2 The existing access road shall be upgraded as per requirements of this
standard. Precautionary measures to be taken in order to avoid any damage
to the existing access road. Any damage during construction shall be
repaired/rectified without any extra cost to National Grid Saudi Arabia.

3.4.3 Existing roads of Saudi Aramco, Saline Water Conversion Corporation

(SWCC), Ministry of Transport (MOT) and Municipality shall not be used
as transmission line access road.

3.5 Pipeline Crossings

Pipeline crossings shall be designed to provide safe passage of vehicular traffic in

accordance with latest Saudi Aramco and SWCC standards. Following requirements
of pipeline crossing shall be fulfilled unless otherwise specified by the owner.

3.5.1 The minimum basic wheel load for the pipeline crossings shall be seven (7)
metric tons.

3.5.2 The crossing shall be made perpendicular to the pipeline as much as

possible. Saudi Aramco and SWCC standards shall be complied.

3.5.3 The pipeline shall be protected against damage from vehicle collision by
means of at least 1 m high stabilized earth berm over the pipe and
extending 30 m beyond both edges of the road (measured perpendicular to
the road).

3.5.4 Backfill material shall be the same material as that of access road (as
specified in section 3.2) and shall be free of material that may damage
coatings of steel pipe. Backfill shall be placed in layers of 300 mm or less
and the degree of compaction shall be same as for the access road.

3.5.5 Unless otherwise specified, the minimum cover over steel pipes shall be
1.5 m for unpaved road crossing.

3.5.6 The minimum width of the crossing shall be 5 m, excluding the side slopes.

TESP12211R01/MAT Date of Approval: January 21, 2013 PAGE 8 OF 21

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 01

Typical pipeline crossing details are shown on Figure TE-2211-0800-00.

4.0 STRUCTURE PAD

4.1 Design Criteria

The standard earthworks requirements of the subgrade, subbase and surface/base

course for the design of transmission line structure pad shall be same as for access
road, (as stated in section 3.2 of this standard) along with the following
requirements:

4.1.1 The edge of the pad shall have a minimum distance of 15 m from any point
of the structure foundations or guy anchors.

4.1.2 The maximum side slope shall be 4 horizontal to 1 vertical. Side slopes
shall be as flat as possible, to increase safety by providing additional
maneuver area in emergencies and maintenance work.

4.1.3 Structure pads shall be graded to drain water away from structure
foundations with slope of 1.5 to 2 percent.

4.1.4 For concrete foundation, top elevation of concrete footings shall be

minimum 450 mm above finished grade of the structure pads unless
otherwise specified in relevant Scope of Work and Technical Specification
(SOW/TS).

4.1.5 Wherever the transmission line is passing through Sabkha, water logged,
water course, flooded and swamp areas; the filling shall be done to get
structure pad at minimum elevation of 1.5 m above the surrounding area.

4.1.6 The typical design drawings of structure pad for different transmission line
towers shall be as shown in Figure TE-2211-0100-00 to TE-2211-0600-00.

4.1.7 The top of the subbase material for structure pad shall be elevated
minimum 750 mm from the existing grade level in desert area affected by
sand shifting & sand dunes.

4.1.8 In continuous/uninterrupted hilly area where hard & solid bed rock
encountered, the structure pad shall be prepared by rough grading at
existing levels followed by compaction with suitable equipments in order
to access the structure locations.

4.1.9 The top of structure pad located in wadi or water channel/streams shall be
higher than the highest expected wadi flood level by 350 mm. The sides of
structure pad shall be stabilized and protected. All approvals shall be
obtained from National Grid Saudi Arabia prior to start of construction
works.

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 01

4.2 Finger Road and Pad

The typical details of finger road and structure pad are shown in Figure
TE-2211-0900-00. Finger road shall not be taken from the existing roads of Saudi
Aramco, SWCC, MOT and Municipality. Finger road shall be developed as shown
in Figure TE-2211-1000-00.

5.0 SLOPE PROTECTION AND SAND CONTROL

Protection of slopes adjacent to structure pads shall be carried out, where such slopes are
liable to be washed away or eroded by wind. Erosion control is required when slope or
excavation is steeper than 1 horizontal to 1 vertical. Slopes shall have contour trenches for
each 2 meters change in elevation. These shall be 0.4 meters deep and of rough construction.
The following are the recommended methods of slope protection and sand control.

5.1 Oil or Emulsified Asphalt

Sand encroachment/erosion on the structure pads and access roads shall be prevented
by spraying the specified areas along the right-of-ways with crude oil or other
approved compound such as slow setting asphalt emulsion meeting the requirements
of ASTM D 2397 for CSS-Ih, to stabilize the surface. Spray area shall not be less
than 20 m radial distance from the edge of access road/structure pad and finger
roads.

The crude oil shall penetrate a minimum of 13 mm which requires approximately

eight (8) liters/m2, of surface. Emulsified asphalt shall be applied per manufacturer's
recommendations.

5.2 Rip-rap or Concrete Barrier

In wadi areas where ground water level is high, or in areas submerged with water,
rip-rap or concrete barrier/lining shall be constructed within ROW to protect access
road and structure pad from erosion.

5.2.1 Rip-rap shall be placed on the slopes of structure pads and in places along
the slopes of access road where erosion control is required, and shall be of
durable stones or hard rocks. The geotextile (min. mass 200 gm/m2 Tensile
& Elongation in compliance with ASTM D 4632) shall be placed beneath
the rip-rap in order to maintain the separation between rip-rap and
underlying soil. Proper size of stones to be pitched in sequence to protect
geotextile membrane. Rip-rap shall be uniformly distributed to produce a
compact rip-rap with a minimum thickness of 300 mm. The minimum
specific gravity of stone shall be 2.5 and the maximum absorption shall be
six (6) percent. The loss by abrasion shall not be greater than 45% when
subjected to 500 revolutions in a Los Angeles Abrasion Machine in
accordance with ASTM C131.

5.2.2 Concrete barriers shall be designed to protect the slopes of structure pads
from erosion.

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 01

5.2.3 Small stretches of access roads which are lower than the normal level, and
where there is difference of levels on two sides of access road, box or pipe
culverts with wing walls shall be used. The concrete shall be severe
exposure type per 70-TMSS-03. The design shall be carried out based on
site conditions, approved by National Grid Saudi Arabia.

6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

6.1 Highway Engineering Standard Handbook for Civil Engineers by Frederick S.

Merritt

6.2 Geometrical Design Guide American Association of State Highway and

Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

6.3 ASTM C 131 Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of small-size
Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine

6.4 ASTM D 1241 Standard Specification for Materials for Soil Aggregate Sub-base,
Base and Surface Courses

6.5 ASTM D 1557 Standard Test method for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of
Soil

6.6 ASTM D 1883 Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of
Laboratory Compacted Soils

6.7 ASTM D 2397 Standard Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt

6.8 ASTM D 4632 Standard Test method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongation of
Geotextiles.

6.9 SAES-L-460 Saudi Aramco Engineering Standard for Pipeline Crossings under
roads and rail roads.

6.10 TES-H-107.02 Paint Color Codes and Standards

6.11 TES-P-122 Transmission Line Engineering Standards

6.12 TCS-Q-113.01 Asphalt Concrete Paving

6.13 TCS-Q-113.02 Earthworks

6.14 70-TMSS-03 Normal Weight Ready-Mixed Portland Cement Concrete

TESP12211R01/MAT Date of Approval: January 21, 2013 PAGE 11 OF 21

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 01

FIGURE TE-2211-0100-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR SUSPENSION/TANGENT STRUCTURES

TESP12211R01/MAT Date of Approval: January 21, 2013 PAGE 12 OF 21

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 01

FIGURE TE-2211-0200-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR TENSION/ANGLE STRUCTURES

TESP12211R01/MAT Date of Approval: January 21, 2013 PAGE 13 OF 21

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 01

FIGURE TE-2211-0300-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR H-FRAME STRUCTURES

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 01

FIGURE TE-2211-0400-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR MONOPOLE STRUCTURES

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 01

FIGURE TE-2211-0500-00 ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR GUYED H-FRAME STRUCTURES

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 01

FIGURE TE-2211-0600-00: ACCESS ROAD AND PAD FOR GUYED MONOPOLE STRUCTURES

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 01

FIGURE TE-2211-0700-00: TYPICAL INTERSECTION

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 01

FIGURE TE-2211-0800-00: UNPAVED CROSSING FOR ABOVE GRADE PIPELINES

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 01

TESP12211R01/MAT Date of Approval: January 21, 2013 PAGE 20 OF 21

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.11, Rev. 01

FIGURE TE-2211-1000-00: FINGER ROAD ALONG MAIN ROAD/HIGHWAY

TESP12211R01/MAT Date of Approval: January 21, 2013 PAGE 21 OF 21