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REPORT
Harduaganj Thermal Power Plant
Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidyut Utpadan
Nagar Limited (UPRVUNL)
1st July 2013 1st August 2013
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Harduaganj Thermal Power Plant
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Contents
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6 Transformer Protection 15
6.1 Buchholz Protection 15
6.2 PRV Protection 15
6.3 OSR Protection 15
6.4 Temperature Protection 15
7 Ratings 16
7.1 Generator Rating 16
7.2 Generator Transformer Rating 17
7.3 Station Transformer Rating 17
7.4 Unit Auxiliary Transformer Rating 18
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(1) Thermal Power Plant: An Overview
In a coal based power plant coal is transported from coal mines to the power plant by
railway in wagons. Coal is unloaded from the wagons to a moving underground
conveyor belt. This coal from the mines is of no uniform size. So it is taken to the
Crusher house and crushed to a size of 20mm. It is then stored in coal bunkers. Raw
coal from the raw coal bunker is supplied to the Coal Mills by a Raw Coal Feeder.
The Coal Mills or pulverizer pulverizes the coal to 200 mesh size. The powdered coal
from the coal mills is carried to the boiler in coal pipes by high pressure hot air. The
pulverized coal air mixture is burnt in the boiler in the combustion zone. The boiler is
a water tube boiler hanging from the top. Water is converted to steam in the boiler
and steam is separated from water in the boiler Drum. The saturated steam from the
boiler drum is taken to the Low Temperature Superheater, Platen Superheater and
Final Superheater respectively for superheating. The superheated steam from the
final superheater is taken to the High Pressure Steam Turbine (HPT). In the HPT the
steam pressure is utilized to rotate the turbine and the resultant is rotational energy.
From the HPT the out coming steam is taken to the Reheater in the boiler to
increase its temperature as the steam becomes wet at the HPT outlet. After
reheating this steam is taken to the Intermediate Pressure Turbine (IPT) and then to
the Low Pressure Turbine (LPT). The outlet of the LPT is sent to the condenser for
condensing back to water by a cooling water system. This condensed water is
collected in the Hotwell and is again sent to the boiler in a closed cycle. The
rotational energy imparted to the turbine by high pressure steam is converted to
electrical energy in the Generator.
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(2) Electrical System Layout
3.2 Isolator
3.4 Generator
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3.8 Unit Auxiliary Transformer UAT
The Unit Auxiliary Transformer is the Power Transformer that provides power
to the auxiliary equipment of a power generating station during its normal
operation. This transformer is connected directly to the generator out-put by a
tap-off of the isolated phase bus duct and thus becomes cheapest source of
power to the generating station. It is generally a three-winding transformer i.e.
one primary and two separate secondary windings. Primary winding of UAT is
equal to the main generator voltage rating. The secondary windings can have
same or different voltages. In power plant at Harduaganj it is rated as
16.5KV/6.6KV 31.5MVA.
3.9 Switchgear
coupler isolators and then breaker. Then the power in transfer bus can directly
be fed to the feeder line by closing the bypass isolator.
3.11 Bays
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(4) Electrical Protection System
4.1 Fuse
It is a type of low resistance resistor that acts as a sacrificial device to provide
overcurrent protection, of either the load or source circuit. Its essential
component is a metal wire or strip that melts when too much current flows,
which interrupts the circuit in which it is connected. Short circuit, overloading,
mismatched loads or device failure are the prime reasons for excessive
current.
4.2 Relays
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to
operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles
are also used. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a
low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and
controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.
The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits, repeating the
signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitting it to another. Relays were
used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform
logical operations.
They are used to isolate the faulty circuits, and are capable of carrying these
fault currents until the fault currents are totally cleared. Circuit Breakers are
the main isolating devices and which can be said to directly protect the
system.
4.5 Isolators
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(5) Generator Protection
The Turbine-Generator (TG) unit is isolated from the grid by opening the transmission
lines, and allowed to continue service with station load. This is applied to those
protections, which operate for conditions external to the Generators and its
associated equipments. This enables quick restoration by re-synchronizing the
machine with the systems
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5.4 Differential Protection
Employed for the protection of the Generator against the uncleared system
line to line faults.
Relay has Reach setting and time delay setting
Relay reach Setting for trip is decided based on System conditions;
Reach should be limited and time to be more than the highest line backup
protection time setting.
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5.9 Reverse Power Protection
Causes:
Effects:
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5.14 Generator Relay Protection Panels
There are 4 nos. of Generator Relay Protection Panel comprising the following
relays having the integrated functions of the Generator Protection.
1. GRP 8A
2. GRP 8B
3. GRP 8C
4. BCU(Bay Control Unit) Panel
5.15 GRP 8A
5.16 GRP 8B
5.17 GRP 8C
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(6) Transformer Protection
A gas operated protection with capability of detecting and warning early about an
incipient fault. Most useful for winding inter turn faults.
The relay detects a sudden rise in pressure and it is used to evacuate any over
pressure due to extreme heating, to avoid explosion of the transformer tank.
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(7) Ratings
Stator:
Active Power 250000kW
Power Factor 0.85(lagging)
Volt Ampere 294100kVA
Generated Voltage 16.5kV
Current 10291A
Rotor:
DC voltage 299V
Current 2497A
R.P.M 3000
Frequency 50
Connection YY
Coolant Hydrogen
Insulation Class F
BRUSHLESS EXCITER
Phase 3
Frequency 50 Hz
Phase 3
Frequency 50Hz
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7.4 Unit Auxiliary Transformer Rating:
Phase 3
Frequency 50Hz
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