Prepare for LET Success with a Review Plan

6/24/2017 LICENSUREEXAMINATIONFORTEACHERSREVIEWER(Part1)|SOCIALSTUDIESCORNER
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LICENSUREEXAMINAT
LICENSUREEXAMINATIONFORTEACHERS
REVIEWER(Part1)
In taking the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET), it doesnt

necessarily mean that you should know ALL the theories, principles and relevant laws
in Education. If that is what you believe in, then you are only preparing half of the
review for the LET. Yes it is essential for you to know them, or maybe familiarize
yourself with them, BUT you should always remember that the Licensure
Examination for Teachers doesnt only measure how you memorize those proponents
of several theories and the underlying principles of teaching and learning, but also
measure HOW you are able to apply them on the actual setting. How you select the
appropriate solutions to given situations and when to apply these principles are also
vital in the LET.
Preparations for the LET

Since there are no two individuals that are exactly alike then there are no
two individuals also that prepare for the LET in the same manner. We have different
learning styles during a review. Some may tend to self-review while others enroll on
Review Centers.
In terms of Self-Review, it is important to carefully plan your review
schedules. If you want, for example, to make use of the first three weeks on
reviewing General Education (English, Math, Science, Filipino and Social Studies) then
it is definitely okay. Make sure that you are able to cover the five areas of general
education in the span of three weeks. If you think you cant then add another week
in case of shortcomings. Having self-review means you have the control of your time
so make sure you make the best out of it. Utilize your time well towards a fruitful
and efficient review.
If you think you cant keep track of your time management and you
want to review with a group (co-examinees) then better enroll in LET Review
Centers. There are several review centers you can choose from like Carl Balita
Review Center, St. Louis Review Center and MindGym Philippines. Some schools
have their own program for LET review and they can be of great help, too.
It is also important to take note that in the actual Licensure
Examination for Teachers, you have to select the BEST answer. This is very applicable
on Professional Education items which is the second part of the LET (last part for
Elementary teacher examinees). Some may find this kind of test to be difficult because
more often than not, choices a, b, c and d seem to be all correct. If you have several
sources or sample questions for the board exam then try to answer them and assess
your performance. This will help you get use to such kind of test items. Make sure
that during your review, prayers should not be absent.
Examination Day
After you have prepared for the big day and you think you are well-
equipped
Dynamic Viewsthen you
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Confidence. Never doubt yourself during the big day. Be positive. Try to observe
SOCIAL STUDIES CORNER other examinees. They may be hundreds and they search are just like you convincing their
selves that they can do it. Be calm. Never get startled if you think you know nothing
or you forgot some of the key principles you just memorized and learned. Sometimes
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when you Sidebar Snapshot
are already Timeslide
taking the exam they will just pop out of your head so it is
better for you to relax.
LICENSUREEXAMINAT Listen carefully to the assigned room watcher. Be attentive at all times
because you dont want to commit any mistakes during the filling of forms. Attached
to it are the answer sheets. Never ever get messy with your answer sheets. Avoid
putting smudges in it because your answers are checked and scanned by a machine
and it is very sensitive so better keep your answer sheets clean. You are only allowed
to write anything on the test booklet.
For Secondary teacher examinees there will be three parts: General
Education followed by Professional Education then Specialization will be done in the
afternoon. Two (2) hours are alloted for the first and second part while three-four
hours are alloted for the field of Specialization. There is an hour allotment for a break
after each tests. For Elementary teacher examinees, there will be two parts for the
exam; GenED and ProfED only. Take time on answering each parts of the LET. Have
trust in yourself.
Handling of Examinee Identification Sheet/Answer Sheets

Check if the Serial Number of Examinee Identification Sheet/Answer Sheets are the
same for all the sheets. If there is any discrepancy, return the set to your Room
Watchers for replacement. The Serial Number is NOT the examination number. It
has nothing to do with your examination.
Check if there are defects or unnecessary marks on your Examinee Identification
Sheet/Answer Sheets.
Check if the number of Answer Sheets corresponds to the number of examination
subjects.
Do not fold or mutilate, take extra care and keep clean your Examinee Identification
Sheet/Answer Sheets.
Before detaching an answer sheet, check if the brown envelope is yours and the set
inside belongs to you.
COVERAGE OF THE LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS

GENERAL EDUCATION
ENGLISH (Study and Thinking Skills, Writing in the Discipline, Speech and Oral
Communication, Philippine Literature and Master Works of the World)
FILIPINO (Komunikasyon sa Akademikong Filipino, Pagbasa at Pagsulat tungo sa
Pananaliksik, Masining na Pagpapahayag)
MATHEMATICS (Fundamentals of Math, Plane Geometry, Elementary Algebra,
Statistics and Probability)
SCIENCE (Biological Science General Biology, Physical Science Earth Science)
SOCIAL STUDIES (Philippine Government with the New Constitution and Human
Rights, History of the Philippines, Economics with Taxation, Land Reform and
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Cooperatives, Society and Culture with Family Planning, Rizal and Other Heroes,
SOCIAL STUDIES CORNER Philosophy, Art Appreciation/Humanities, Psychology,

Communication Technology)
search and Information and
Classic Flipcard Magazine Mosaic SidebarEDUCATION

PROFESSIONAL Snapshot Timeslide
1. The Teaching Profession, Social Dimensions of Education with Relevant Laws
LICENSUREEXAMINAT 2. Principles and Methods of Teaching, Educational Technology, Curriculum
Development
3. Child and Adolescent Development and Facilitating Learning
4. Assessment of Learning, Special Topics in Education, Field Study and Practice
Teaching
COVERAGE FOR ELEMENTARY TEACHER EXAMINEES

1. PRESCHOOL EDUCATION (Cluster 1. Theories, Principles and Concepts: 1.
Introduction to Preschool Education; 2. Characteristics of the Young Filipino; 3.
Preschool curriculum; 4. Introduction to Special Education; 5. Trends and Issues in
Preschool Education; Cluster 2. Content and Pedagogy: 1. Creative Arts, Music and
Drama for Young Children; 2. Personal and Social Development (Play and Living
Experiences); 3. Language and Numeracy; 4. Science, Health and Nature Study; 5.
Classroom Management: Physical Environment, Temporal Environment and
Interpersonal Environment; 6. Preparation for Teaching Materials; 7. Technology in
the Preschool; Cluster 3. Applied Courses; 1. Observational Child Study; 2. Assessing
Behaviors of Young Children: Overview of Assessment of Young Children;
Standardized Tests, Informal Tests, Assessment System; 3. Guidance and Counseling in
Preschool Education; 4. Organization and Management of Child Development
Programs; 5. Home Relationship and; 6. Directed Study in Preschool.)
2. SPECIAL EDUCATION (Introduction to SPED 1; Introduction to SPED 2; SPED

Classroom Management; Organization and Administration of SPED Programs;
Behavioral Management; Guidance and Counseling for Children with Special Needs;
Psychology of Children with Special Needs; Inclusive Education; Curriculum for SPED
1; Curriculum for SPED 2; Preparation of Instructional Materials for SPED;
Physiological and Physical Knowledge Approaches; ICT and SPED; Movement, Art
and Music for Children with Special Needs; Observational Study 1; Observational
Study 2; Assessment of Children with Special Needs; Individualized Educational
Program; Home and Family Life of Children with Exceptionalities; Effective
Communication with Professionals and Families and Research in SPED)
3. CONTENT COURSES (English, Pedagogy, Filipino, Mathematics; Advanced

Algebra and Trigonometry, Plane and Solid Geometry; Analytic Geometry, Problem
Solving, Pedagogy; Science (including Health), Materials, Mixtures and Solutions,
Physical and Chemical Changes, Animals, Plants, Interrelationships in the Ecosystem;
Social Studies/Social Sciences; Pedagogy; Values Education, Character Education:
Pedagogy, HELE: Pedagogy, MAPEH, Music, Arts, PE.)
COVERAGE FOR FIELD OF SPECIALIZATION FOR SECONDARY TEACHER

SOCIAL STUDIES CORNER EXAMINEES search
ENGLISH (Remedial Instruction in English; English for Specific Purposes;

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THEORETICAL Snapshot Timeslide
FOUNDATIONS OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE: Introduction to
Linguistics; Structure of English; Introduction to Stylistics; Literary Criticism;
LICENSUREEXAMINAT LITERATURE; Mythology and Folklore; Afro-Asian Literature; English and American
Literature; METHODOLOGY: The teaching of Speaking, Listening and Reading;
Teaching of Literature; Preparation and Evaluation of Instructional Materials;
Language and Literature Assessment; Language Research; Campus Journalism;
Translation and Editing of Texts; Speech and Stage Arts; Creative Writing)
FILIPINO (MGA BATAYANG TEORETIKAL: Introduksyon sa Pag-aaral ng Wika;

Panimulang Linggwistika; NILALAMAN: Wika; Panitikan; Metodolohiya at Pagtataya
ng Ebalwasyon, at Kagamitang Panturo)
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (Biological Science 1; Biological Science 2; Inorganic

Chemistry, Cell Biology, Ecology, Organic Chemistry, Microbiology, Genetic and
Evolution, Biochemistry, Anatomy and Physiology)
PHYSICAL SCIENCES (INTRODUCTION: Nature of Science, Chemistry; Atomic and

Molecular Chemistry, Chemical Bonds, Conservation of Matter and Stoichichiometry;
Gases, Liquids and Solids; Acids, Bases and Salts, Solutions; Chemicaan
Thermodynamics; Chemical kinetics and Equilibrium; Organic and Biochemistry,
Nuclear Processes; PHYSICS: Physical Quantities and Vectors; Mechanics, Electricity,
Magnetism and Electronics; Thermodynamics; Modern Physics; Light and Geometric
Optics; Earth and Space, Astronomy; Environement)
MATHEMATICS (Arithmetic and Number Theory; Business Math; Basic and

Advanced Algebra; Plane and Solid Geometry; Trigonometry; Probability and
Statistics; Analytical Geometry; Calculus; Modern Geometry; Linear and Abstract
Algebra; History of Mathematics; Problem Solving; Mathematical Investigation,
Instrumentation and Assessment)
SOCIAL STUDIES (Trends and Issues in Social Studies; Research; Geography;

Sociology and Anthropology; Politics and Government; Law-Related Studies;
HISTORY: Philippine History; Asian History/Asian Studies; World History 1; World
History 2;ECONOMICS: Micro Economics; Macro Economics; Economic Planning
and Strategies: METHODS; Teaching Approaches in Secondary Social Studies;
Production of Instructional Materials for Social Studies; Building Bridges Across the
Social Science Discipline; MAKABAYAN as a Core Learning Area in Basic Education;
ASSESSMENT: Assessment and Evaluation in Social Studies/Social Sciences)
VALUES EDUCATION (1. FOUNDATION OF VALUES EDUCATION: 1. Philosophical

and Ethical Foundations of VE; 2. Socio-Cultural, Anthropological and Legal Bases of
Values Education; Psychological Theories of Values Development; PERSONHOOD
DEVELOPMENT: 1. Personhood; 2. Dynamics of Intra and Interpersonal Relations; 3.
Psychospiritual Development; 4. Management of Behavior Problems;
TRANSFORMATIVE EDUCATION (SOURCES OF VALUES AND FACTORS OF
VALUES): 1. Family life and Filipino Values Syste,; 2. Education for Human Rights and
Responsible
Dynamic Citizenship;
Views theme. 3. Foundations
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Education; 5. Information Technology and Human Development; 6. Moral Issues and
SOCIAL STUDIES CORNER Concerns of Contemporary Living; WORK ETHICS AND COMMUNITY SERVICE:
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COMMITMENT TO SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY: Career
Development and Work Values; Values Education through Community Service;
APPROACHES ANDSnapshot Timeslide Facilitation: Theory and Practice; Teaching
METHODOLOGIES:
Approaches and Strategies in Transformative Education; Values Integration in the
LICENSUREEXAMINAT School Setting; RESEARCH AND EVALUATION: Behavioral Statistics; Development of
VE Instructional Materials and Assessment Tools; Research on Values Education)
MAPEH (Foundations of MAPEH; Methods and Strategies of Teaching MAPEH;

Coaching and Officiating of Sports Events; Dance Competitions and Music Activities;
Organization and Management; Research; Special Education in Mapeh; PHYSICAL
EDUCATION: Anatomical, Mechanical and Physiological Bases of Movement;
GYMNASTICS: Philippine Folkdance; Team Sports; Aquatics; International Folkdance
and other Dance Forms; Athletics; Individual, Dual and Combative Sports. HEALTH
EDUCATION: Personal Community, Environmental Health, Safety Education and
First Aid; Health Practicum; MUSIC: Philippine and Asian Music; Solfeggio and
Applied Piano; Integrated Music Theory; Music Literature; Choral Works, Conducting
and Rondalla Playing Instrumentation; ART EDUCATION)
AGRICULTURE AND FISHERY ARTS (Functional Application of Knowledge; Breeds

of Farm Animals and Fish; Pests and Diseases Affecting Animals and Fish Propagation;
Marketing Strategies in the Industry and Entrepreneurship; Proper Care of Agricultural
and Fishery Products)
TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (Basic Drafting; Business Math;

Basic Electricity; Basic Plumbing; Cosmetology; Foods; Carpentry and Masonry; Basic
Electronics and Entrepreneurship)
*TO PASS THE EXAMINATION, AN EXAMINEE MUST OBTAIN AN AVERAGE OF

NOT LESS THAN 75% AND MUST HAVE NO RATING LOWER THAN 50% ON
ANY TESTS
PROMISE TO YOURSELF THAT AFTER YOU TAKE THE LICENSURE EXAMINATION

FOR TEACHERS, THE NEXT TIME YOU WILL VISIT THE EXAM PLACE WILL BE FOR
YOUR LICENSE, NOT FOR A SECOND TAKE OF THE EXAM.
LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS Reviewer On

PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION:
HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT and FACILITATING LEARNING
GROWTH
Increase in body size and other parts of the human body
Pertains to quantitative changes in the body and can be measured
Takes place in the first twenty (20) years of life

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SOCIAL STUDIESDEVELOPMENT
CORNER search
Pertains to qualitative change in the human body and cannot be measured

It happens from simple to more complex

Takes placeSnapshot Timeslide
even after 20 years of life
Refers to our maturation
LICENSUREEXAMINAT (Remember that the process of Growth and Development cannot be compared!)
There are two (2) Factors affecting Growth and Development:
1. Heredity (Nature) - refers to the transfer of genes. It also puts limitation in growth
and development.
2. Environment (Nurture) pertains to the interaction with the surroundings and
proper nutrition acquired.
When a baby is newly born, it is covered with a cheese-like substance called vernix
caseosa. Also covering the newborn is lanugo which is the fine hair-like structure
covering the baby.
There are also different types of birth presentations. They are the ff:
1. Cephalic when the head of the baby is presented first during birth giving.
2. Breech when the legs/buttocks are presented, and
3. Transverse when the shoulders of the baby are presented during birth.
During infancy, babies tend to present reflexes. Reflexes are involuntary

movements or actions. Some movements are spontaneous, occuring as part of the
babys usual activity. Others are responses to certain actions. Reflexes help identify
normal brain and nerve activity. Some reflexes occur only in specific periods of
development. The following are some of the normal reflexes seen on newborn
babies:
1. Root reflex. This reflex begins when the corner of the babys mouth is stroked or
touched. The baby will turn his/her head and open his/her mouth to follow and
root the direction of the stroking. This helps the baby find the breast or bottle to
begin feeding.
2. Suck reflex. Rooting helps the baby become ready to suck. When the roof of the
babys mouth is touched, the baby will begin to suck. This reflex does not begin
about the 32nd week of pregnancy and is not fully developed until about 36 weeks.
3. Moro reflex. The Moro reflex is often called as startle reflex because it usually
occurs when a baby is startled by a loud sound or movement. In response to the
sound, the baby throws back his/her head, extends out his/her arms and legs, cries,
then pulls the arms and legs back in. A babys own cry can startle him/her and trigger
this reflex.
4. Tonic neck reflex. When a babys head is turned to one side, the arm on that side
stretches out and the opposite arm bends up the elbow. This is often calles as the
fencing position and lasts about 6 to 7 months.
5. Grasp reflex. Stroking tha palm of the babys hand causes the baby to close his/her
fingers in a grasp. It lasts until about 5 to 6 months of age.
6. Babinski reflex. When the sole of the foot is firmly stroked, the big toe bends back
toward the top of the foot and the other toes fan out. This is a normal reflex until 2
years of age.
7. step reflex. This is also called as the walking or dance reflex because the baby
appears
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8. Cremasteric reflex. This reflex is much common to baby boys. When the thigh is
SOCIAL STUDIES CORNER stroked softly, the lower part of the tummy tends search
to startle or move. This reflex is
also observable during puberty or even among grown up men.

PrinciplesSidebar Snapshot
of Growth Timeslide
and Development
1. Cephalocaudal refers to from head to tail development
LICENSUREEXAMINAT 2. Proximodistal a development that starts from the center of the body going
outward
a. Gross motor skills pertains to larger skills that babies mmake with their
arms, legs, feet or with his entire body such as crawling, running and
jumping.
b. Fine motor skills refers to smaller actions such as when a baby picks up
things between his fingers or wriggles his toes on the sand. T also includes
moving his/her tongue, mouth and smaller parts of the body.
Periods of Development
1. Pre-natal period from conception to birth
2. Infancy from birth to 18 months old
3. Early childhood -18 months to 6 years
During 3-6 years old, boys tend to display Pseudomasturbation.
During this period teachers must be very observant and should not impose threat or
punishment when such activity is observed. If the teacher do so, the child may
develop castration fear or the fear of having his genitals being removed. The BEST
way to handle such situation inside the classroom is to ignore the behavior, divert
the attention of the child and after, explain to the child that masturbation should be
done in private places.
4. Middle and late childhood from 6 to 13 years (slow growth)
5. Adolescence period from 13 to 19 years . secondary sex characteristics develops
Menarche menstruation
Thelarche breast budding
Pseudomenstruation withdrawal of maternal hormones
6. Early 20-45 years old
7. Middle adulthood 45-65 years old
8. Late 65 years onwards (death)
THEORIES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

All theories of human growth and development has an effect upon
decisions made in the classroom and parental management.
SIGMUND FREUD believes that all human beings pass through a series of
Psychosexual Development. This theory includes pleasure-giving bodies per stages and
may result to fixation if cannot be able to move on.
The Psychosexual Development Theory

Stages Age Overstimulat Understimula Characteristics
ion tion
1. Oral From birth Gullible Mistrust, Mouth is the center
to 18 Easy to be alcoholic of pleasure and
months fooled drinker, major source of
smoker and gratification and
SOCIAL STUDIES 2.CORNER

Anal 18 months Obsessive
gossiper
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Messy,
exploration
Anus and bladder as
(toilet to 3 years Compulsive clumsy, pleasure-giving
Classic Flipcard Magazine Mosaic Sidebar Snapshot Personality
training) Timeslide disobedient bodies
Disorder, too and rebellious
LICENSUREEXAMINAT obedient
3. Phallic 3-6 years Pervert Frigid Genitalia as the
(Penis) old impotence, source of pleasure
too shy (masturbation).
Develops Elektra and
Oedipus complex
4. Latency 6- puberty Workaholic Failing grades Energy directed to
(school physical and
age) intellectual activities.
Sexual responses are
repressed. Normal
homosexual stage
(relationship with
same sex or
barkada
5. Genital Puberty --- --- Energy towards full
onwards sex maturity.
Reappearance of
Oedipus and Elektra
complex but directed
to opposite sex
*Oedipus Complex means that the son is more into the mother while Elektra
Complex means that the daughter is more into the father.
*Overstimulation means that when the child during the given age of a particular stage
is given something too much may result to something negative. For example, during
the Oral stage, if the baby doesnt need a breastfeed but the mother still gives him
milk he will become too used to it resulting to being gullible when he grow up. On
the other hand, if the baby is understimulated or wants milk to the point that he/she
is crying but the mother always ignore him/her, then the baby will grow up as if
he/she always wanted to have something in his mouth for he/she was deprived of it.
This may result for him/her to be a drinker, a smoker or gossiper.
Sigmund Freud also developed the differences between our id, ego,
and superego.

( moral principle; conscience) EGO
SUPEREGO (reality principle; balances id

and ego)

Dynamic IDTheme
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SOCIAL STUDIES
CORNER Teachers should be aware of the Psychosexual
search Development Theory
in order for us to fully understand why some of our pupils/students behave the way
they do.
LICENSUREEXAMINAT ERIK ERIKSON proposed the Psychosocial Development Theory. According to him
under this theory, crisis must be resolved in order to develop a healthy direction.
Take note that the focus on Psychosocial Development Theory is an important
sociocultural determinance of human development.
The Psychosocial Development Theory
1. Infancy
Psychosocial conflict: Trust VS Mistrust
Task: attachment to the mother/caregiver
If successful: trust in persons/faith and hope about the environment and future
If unsuccessful: difficulties in relating to persons effectively. Fear of the future
2. Toddlerhood (18 months 3 years)
Psychosocial conflict: Autonomy VS Shame and Doubt
Task: gaining some basic control over self and environment
If successful: sense of self-control
If unsuccessful: severe feeling of self-doubt. Always thinking that he cannot do
something.
3. Preschool Age (3 6 years)

Psychosocial conflict: Initiative VS Guilt
Task: children areasked to assume more responsibilities, becoming purposeful and
directive
If successful: ability to initiate ones activities
If unsuccessful: sense of inadequacy/guilt
4.School Age (6 12 years)

Psychosocial conflict: Industrious VS Inferiority
Task: developing social, physical and learning skills
If successful: competence and ability to work and learn
If unsuccessful: sense of inferiority or difficulty in working and learning
5. Adolescence period (12 20 years)

Psychosocial conflict: Identity VS Role Confusion
Task: developing sense of identity
If successful: sense of personal identity
If unsuccessful: role confusion
6. Young Adulthood (20 35 years)

Psychosocial conflict: Intimacy VS Isolation
Task: establishing intimate bonds of love and friendship
If successful: ability to love deeply and commit oneself
If unsuccessful: emotional isolation, egocentric (self-directed)
7. Middle
Dynamic ViewsAdulthood (35
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Psychosocial conflict: Generativity VS Stagnation

SOCIAL STUDIES CORNER Task: fulfilling life goals (family, career, society)
If successful: ability to give and care for others
search
If unsuccessful: self-absorption, inability to grow as a person

8. Late Adulthood (65 years death)
LICENSUREEXAMINAT Psychosocial conflict: Integrity VS Despair
Task: looking back over ones life and accepting its meaning
If successful: sense of fulfillment
If unsuccessful: Dissatisfaction with life
As professional teachers, we should know how to prevent crisis to

occur on every aspect of growth and development, especially stages 1-5 for these are
the stages where an individual learner is at school. We should make every tasks given
on every aspect of the learners life successful.
JEAN PIAGET developed the Cognitive Development Theory wherein according to

him, knowledge is based from prior learning (schema). He also stressed that
Constructivism (realting past knowledge to new ones) is important to the learners
development.
The Cognitive Development Theory
1. Sensorimotor Stage (birth 2 years)

Sensory organs and muscles become more functional
Movements are primarily reflexive
All are extensions of oneself
Routines should be established
2. Preoperational Stage (2 7 years)

Starts to think
Egocentric
Cannot accept defeat
Animism (considering that objects have life)
Role of playing is emphasized (enhances imagination)
No sense of conservation and reversibility
3. Concrete Operational Stage (7 12 years)

Knows how to reason out
Learns the law of conservation
Learns to follow abstract reasoning but limited
They have problems in hypothetical reasoning
4. Formal Operation Stage (12 years onwards)

Able to solve abstract problems
Learner is rational and logical
SOCIAL STUDIESLAWRENCE
CORNER KOHLBERG based his ideas on the findings
searchof Jean Piaget in studying
Cognitive Development and proposed the Moral Development Theory. According to
him, our ability to choose right from wrong is tied with our ability to understand and
reason logically.
LICENSUREEXAMINAT The Moral Development Theory
Level 1. Pre-Conventional (Authority figures are obeyed) (birth 9 years)

Stage 1. Punishment-Obedience Orientation
[if you do good, no punishment]
[if you do wrong, there will be punishment]
Stage 2. Instrumental-Relativist
[I will do good to you if you are good to me]
[I will do bad to you if you are bad to me]
Level 2. Conventional (9 13 years)

Stage 3. Interpersonal Concordance (Good Boy Nice Girl
Orientation; Morality of Cooperation)
[I am doing this because everyone is doing the same thing]
Stage 4. Law and Order Orientation
Morality of Constraints
Behavior is right when it conforms to the Law
Level 3. Post Conventional (13 years onwards)

Stage 5. Social Contratc Orientation (Morality of Cognition)
Respect the differences in ideas, concepts, orality and
religious affiliation
It is wrong to violate others rights

Stage 6. Universal Ethics Orientation
[I will do it because I know it is right to do it]
Knowing the Moral Developement Theory, teachers can be guided on

making disciplinary measures in the classroom and managerial processes.
LEV VYGOTSKY proposed the Socio-Cultural Theory. He emphasized that social

interaction plays a very important role in cognitive development. He also believed
that individual development could not be understood without looking into the social
and cultural context within which development happens.
Scaffolding is Vygotskys term for appropriate assistance given by the teacher to assist
the learner accomplish a specific task.
Language Development *the best definition of the word is based on how it is being
used.
There are four (4) major theorists on Language Developement.
1. BURRHUS FREDERICK SKINNER

Dynamic Views Proposed Operant
theme. Theme Conditioning
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Involves reinforcements (rewards)
SOCIAL STUDIES CORNER Talk to the child in an adult way

Playing Damn Technique let the child talk
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2. NOAMSidebar Snapshot
CHOMSKY Timeslide
developed the Language Acquisition Device or Mother
Tongue-Based Technique. He is also the major
LICENSUREEXAMINAT proponent of the Innatist Theory, which postulates that
humans have innate ability to acquire language; they are
genetically preprogrammed for it. All normally developing
children acquire language. He also maintains that language
and thought are separate.
3. SOCIAL CONTEXTUAL THEORY. This theory is primarily proposed by Lev

Vygotsky which states that social interaction influences both language and cognitive
development
4. COGNITIVIST THEORY (Jean Piaget) maintained that language acquisition cannot

take place until cognitive development has paved the way for it. It asserts taht
children develop knowledge of the world and then map thixs knoowledge onto
language categories and relations. From this viewpoint, language development
depends on cognitive development, but not vice versa.
Who are the Exceptional Children? They are children with the following conditions
and difficulties:
1. Aphasia impairment of any language modality (sound production)

2. Dysphasia partial impairment of language
3. Dyslexia special learning disability with written language
4. Dyscalculia special learning disability with numerical operations
5. ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) impulsivity in attention and
being hyperactive.
Ritalin medicine for ADHD. It makes the hyperactive child more
hyperactive to make him/her tired and tend to take a rest.
PAULO FREIRE proposed the Banking Concept of Education. According to him, a

child is like a bank which the teacher deposits knowledge. This is almost the same
with John Lockes Theory of Tabula Rasa wherein the child is like a blank tablet
which during the learning process becomes filled with knowledge. Apparently, Jean
Piaget opposed these for according to him, the child has prior knowledge already and
the teacher gives new knowledge then the child relates it to what he already know
(Theory of Constructivism).
THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE AND LEARNING STYLES
1. Two-Factor Theory by Charles Spearman. It supports that intelligence has two

factors: a general mental ability factor (g) which represents what different cognitive
tasks have in common; and many specific factors (s) which include mental abilities
(mathematical, mechanical or verbal skills). Spearman is also the first one to use
Psychometric approach to measure or quantify cognitive abilitiesm or factors taht are
thought to be involved in intellectual performance. Let me give you an example:
Who is more intelligent, an examinee who garnered Top 1 in the Licensure

SOCIAL STUDIES CORNER Examination for Teachers or a dancer who wonsearch
competition?
champion in a national dance
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Sidebar Snapshot
the example Timeslide
given, we can see that both have exceptional abilities. But
in terms of asking who is more intelligent then it depends on how intelligence is
LICENSUREEXAMINAT defined. If intelligence is defined in terms of cognitive abilities, we should say that the
examinee who topped the LET is more intelligent. However, if intelligence is defined
in terms of motor skills and bodily kinesthetics, then the champion dancer is more
intelligent.
2. Multiple Intelligence Theory by Howard Gardner. It argues that there are

different kinds of mental abilities that make up different kinds of intelligence. Instead
of having only two factors, there are 9 kinds which include verbal intelligence,
musical intelligence, logico-mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligencce, body
kinesthetics intelligence, intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligence, naturalistic
intelligence and existential or moral intelligence.
3. Sternbergs Triarchic Theory of Intelligence. This is divided into three sub

theories:
a. Experiential intelligence which is the ability to formulate new ideas;
b. Contextual intelligence which is the ability to adapt to a changing
environment; and
c. Componential intelligence which is the ability to think abstractly
and process information.
4. Jean Piagets Dynamic View. According to him, a persons intelligence is dynamic,

that is, it changes as a persons interaction with his or her environment changes.
5. Wechslers Global View. David Wechsler made his fame as the developer of the
IQ Tests. He devised teh Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WESC-R).
He stressed that intelligence is the aggregate ot global capacity of the individual to act
purposefully, to think rationally and to deal effectively with te environment.
RELEVANT LAWS (Rights of the Child)
1. Republic Act No. 9344, the act establishing a Comprehensive Juvenile Justice and
Welfare System. Itexemptschildren below 18 years of age from criminal liability.
2. Republic Act No. 7610,The Special Protection of Children against Child Abuse.
3. Republic Act No. 7658, known as An Act Prohibiting the Employment of
Children below 15 Years of Age.
4. Filipino Children: Child 21. This is a strategic programming network that
promotes and safeguards the rights of the Filipino children.,
5. Republic Act No. 8049. It is known as An Act Regulating Hazing and Other
Forms of Initiation Rites in Fraternities, Sororities, and Other Organizations and
Providing Penalties Therefore.
6. Republic Act No. 8353. Also known as The Anti-Rape Law of 1997. An act
expanding the definition of Rape, Reclassifying the same as Crime Against Person,
amending the purpose Act No. 3815, as amended, otherwise known as the Revised
Dynamic
Penal Views
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Prepare for LET Success with a Review Plan

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6/24/2017 LICENSUREEXAMINATIONFORTEACHERSREVIEWER(Part1)|SOCIALSTUDIESCORNER

SOCIAL STUDIES CORNER search

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In taking the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET), it doesnt

Preparations for the LET

Handling of Examinee Identification Sheet/Answer Sheets

COVERAGE OF THE LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS

SOCIAL STUDIES CORNER Philosophy, Art Appreciation/Humanities, Psychology,

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COVERAGE FOR ELEMENTARY TEACHER EXAMINEES

2. SPECIAL EDUCATION (Introduction to SPED 1; Introduction to SPED 2; SPED

3. CONTENT COURSES (English, Pedagogy, Filipino, Mathematics; Advanced

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COVERAGE FOR FIELD OF SPECIALIZATION FOR SECONDARY TEACHER

ENGLISH (Remedial Instruction in English; English for Specific Purposes;

FILIPINO (MGA BATAYANG TEORETIKAL: Introduksyon sa Pag-aaral ng Wika;

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (Biological Science 1; Biological Science 2; Inorganic

PHYSICAL SCIENCES (INTRODUCTION: Nature of Science, Chemistry; Atomic and

MATHEMATICS (Arithmetic and Number Theory; Business Math; Basic and

SOCIAL STUDIES (Trends and Issues in Social Studies; Research; Geography;

VALUES EDUCATION (1. FOUNDATION OF VALUES EDUCATION: 1. Philosophical

Education; 5. Information Technology and Human Development; 6. Moral Issues and

MAPEH (Foundations of MAPEH; Methods and Strategies of Teaching MAPEH;

AGRICULTURE AND FISHERY ARTS (Functional Application of Knowledge; Breeds

TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (Basic Drafting; Business Math;

*TO PASS THE EXAMINATION, AN EXAMINEE MUST OBTAIN AN AVERAGE OF

PROMISE TO YOURSELF THAT AFTER YOU TAKE THE LICENSURE EXAMINATION

LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS Reviewer On

It happens from simple to more complex

During infancy, babies tend to present reflexes. Reflexes are involuntary

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THEORIES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

The Psychosexual Development Theory

smoker and gratification and

SOCIAL STUDIES 2.CORNER

SUPEREGO (reality principle; balances id

The Psychosocial Development Theory

3. Preschool Age (3 6 years)

4.School Age (6 12 years)

5. Adolescence period (12 20 years)

6. Young Adulthood (20 35 years)

Psychosocial conflict: Generativity VS Stagnation

If unsuccessful: self-absorption, inability to grow as a person

As professional teachers, we should know how to prevent crisis to

JEAN PIAGET developed the Cognitive Development Theory wherein according to

The Cognitive Development Theory

1. Sensorimotor Stage (birth 2 years)

2. Preoperational Stage (2 7 years)

3. Concrete Operational Stage (7 12 years)

4. Formal Operation Stage (12 years onwards)

LICENSUREEXAMINAT The Moral Development Theory

Level 1. Pre-Conventional (Authority figures are obeyed) (birth 9 years)

Level 2. Conventional (9 13 years)

Level 3. Post Conventional (13 years onwards)

Knowing the Moral Developement Theory, teachers can be guided on

LEV VYGOTSKY proposed the Socio-Cultural Theory. He emphasized that social

1. BURRHUS FREDERICK SKINNER

Involves reinforcements (rewards)

SOCIAL STUDIES CORNER Talk to the child in an adult way

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3. SOCIAL CONTEXTUAL THEORY. This theory is primarily proposed by Lev

4. COGNITIVIST THEORY (Jean Piaget) maintained that language acquisition cannot