Alcatel-Lucent Lte Deepdive On Lte TDD

ALCATEL-LUCENT LTE
DEEPDIVE ON LTE TDD
1
COPYRIGHT 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
ALCATEL-LUCENT INTERNAL PROPRIETARY USE PURSUANT TO COMPANY INSTRUCTION
3GPP FREQUENCY BANDS FOR TDD
E-UTRA Uplink (UL) operating band Downlink (DL) operating band Duplex
Operating BS receive BS transmit Mode
Band UE transmit UE receive
FUL_low FUL_high FDL_low FDL_high
33 1900 MHz 1920 MHz 1900 MHz 1920 MHz TDD
Main 3GPP Bands used for TD-LTE
2
FDD
LTE GLOBAL BAND UTILIZATION band
TDD
band
Americas Europe, Africa & Middle East China & APAC

New 700Mhz band combined with GSM/WCDMA & GSM/UMTS refarming of 1800, 900, digital CDMA & GSM / WCDMA refarming and BWA
CDMA bands refarming divide 800 & 2600 BWA bands new bands
Band 1 Europe
Band 2 North Band 1 Japan
America Band 3 China
Band 4
Middle east Band 1 Band 9
Band 5 Band 7
Band 7 & India
Band 3
Band 3 Band Band
Band 8 11 19
Band Band Band 5
12 13 Band 7 Band Band
Band 21 41 XGP ver
Band Band Band 7
14 17 13
Band
Band Band Band 38
23 25
CALA 20 Band
Band 1 APAC
Band
Band 2 38
Band Band Band 40
26 27 33 Band Band 3
Band Band Band 3 Band 4 Africa 39
Band
29 WCS 35 Band 5 Band 7
Band
Band Band 7 Band 40
41 12 Band
38 Band Band Band
Band 3 13 28
Band Band 41
17 Band
13 Band Band
40 Band 7 38 40
Band Band
27 Band Band
28
Future bands 42 Band 44
Band 20
38 Band
43
TD-LTE Devices are already operation over 1.9/2.3/2.6 GHz bands

TD-LTE DEVICE ECOSYSTEM HIGHLIGHT
CMCC IS LEADING THE WAY
In 2012, 50K+ TD-LTE devices deployed across 15 China Mobile networks (LST + Hong Kong) operating at 1.9/2.3/2.6GHz bands and
supporting GSM/TD-SCDMA interworking.
For Q4 2013, China Mobile is committed to purchase and deploy 1.2 million units supporting dual-mode e.g. FDD+TDD.
DRIVERS GLOBAL MARKET

Australian, Brazilian, Russian and Middle East carriers are deploying 100K+ of devices for Broadband Wireless Access Service already
at aggressive price level.
SOLUTION
At the beginning of TD-LTE, ALU acquired equity in small chipset suppliers to facilitate their on-going developments with early time
to market and close support for ALU
LEADERSHIP
ECOSYSTEM
Recently ALU has provided Infra equipment and support to a Smartphone vendor leader to facilitate their entry into TDD. ALU is
actively engaged with a large number of chipset and commercial device vendors.
China Mobile commitment to drive the ecosystem and their requirements for global devices (multi-mode/multi-bands) are boosting
the proliferation of low cost TD-LTE devices and early adoption in many areas outside china (e.g. Russia, ME, Sprint)
MARKET
SOLUTION
Source: GTI web site

4
CMCC products samples as shown the MWC 2013.
3GPP LTE: FDD TD-LTE
LTE-FDD TD-LTE
One Standard 3GPP TS 36.xxx (set of LTE specs)
OFDMA for DL
One Access Scheme
SC-FDMA for UL
Channel BW 1.4MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz
Frame Duration 10ms 5ms, 10ms
5ms (2:6), (4:4), (6:2), (3:5)

Ratio (DL:UL) 1:1
10 ms (6:3), (7:2), (8:1)
5
LTE TDD IS TRULY GLOBAL
MANY COMBINING FDD AND TDD
2013 is the year of TDD takes off

25% of total LTE subs will be TDD by 2017
21 commercial LTE TDD networks in 17 countries and 39 planned
10 commercial LTE FDD+TDD networks
Sept, 2013 - GSA
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3GPP LTE PHYSICAL LAYER FUNDAMENTALS
FRAME STRUCTURE: FDD & TDD
The basic type 1 LTE frame has an overall

FDD
length of 10 ms.
This is then divided into a total of 20 individual
slots.
LTE Subframes consist of two slots
The frame structure for the type 2 frames

used on LTE TDD is somewhat different.
TDD
The 10 ms frame comprises two half frames,

each 5 ms long.
The LTE half-frames are further split into five
subframes, each 1ms long.
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< 7 | ALU LTE Device Overview | March 2010 > COPYRIGHT 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
3GPP LTE FRAME STRUCTURE
TD-LTE FRAME & SPECIAL SUBFRAME CONFIGURATION
Frame Configuration (0 to 6)
Frame Configuration have 7 types to fulfill
different requirements of DL and UL.
Special Subframe Configuration (0 to 8)

S denotes a special subframe
3 fields
R User Primary Sync. Signal
S Data GP
Secondary Sync. Signal
UpPTS
DwPTS
Downlink pilot time slot (DwPTS): used for

downlink synchronization, DwPTS can
contribute to downlink throughput, if it has
more than 3 OFDM symbols.
Uplink pilot time slot (UpPTS) zone: used by
eNode B to determine the received power
level,
Guard Period: it ensures the transmission of
UE without interference between UL and DL
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3GPP LTE - EVOLVED UTRA
LTE TDD VS LTE FDD FOR CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS
LTE TDD LTE FDD
Does not require paired spectrum as both transmit and Requires paired spectrum with sufficient frequency
Paired receive occur on the same channel. separation to allow simultaneous Tx and Rx.
Spectrum
Lower cost as no duplexer is needed to isolate the

transmitter and receiver. As cost of the UEs is of major Duplexer is needed and cost is higher.
Harwdware importance because of the vast numbers that are produced,
Cost this is a key aspect.
Channel propagation is the same in both directions which Channel characteristics different in both directions as a
Channel enables transmit and receive to use on set of parameters. result of the use of different frequencies
reciprocity
It is possible to dynamically change the UL and DL capacity UL/DL capacity determined by frequency allocation set out
ratio to match demand by the regulatory authorities. It is therefore not possible to
UL / DL asymmetry make dynamic changes to match capacity. Regulatory
changes would normally be required and capacity is
normally allocated so that it is the same in either direction.
9
COPYRIGHT
COPYRIGHT 2013
2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL
ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS
RIGHTS RESERVED.
RESERVED.
LTE TDD VS LTE FDD FOR CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS (CONTD)
LTE TDD LTE FDD
Guard period required to ensure uplink and downlink Guard band required to provide sufficient isolation
transmissions do not clash. between uplink and downlink.
Guard period / Large guard period will limit capacity. Large guard band does not impact capacity.
guard band Larger guard period normally required if distances
are increased to accommodate larger propagation
times.
Discontinuous transmission is required to allow both Continuous transmission is required.
uplink and downlink transmissions.
Discontinuous This can degrade the performance of the RF
transmission power amplifier in the transmitter.
Cross slot Base stations need to be synchronized with Not applicable

interference respect to the uplink and downlink transmission
times.
If neighbouring base stations use different uplink
and downlink assignments and share the same
channel, then interference may occur between
cells.
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COPYRIGHT
COPYRIGHT 2013
RIGHTS RESERVED.
RESERVED.
LTE TDD VS LTE FDD FOR CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS (CONTD)
LTE TDD LTE FDD
TDD is best suited for bursty, asymmetric traffic, FDD is is best suited for applications, such as
Application/ such as Internet or other data centric services.
Services voice, that generate symmetric traffic
Much of the worlds traffic is moving towards IP- Always-on 50% upstream, 50% downstream
based technology. A primary reason for IPs scenario that characterises FDD systems.
popularity is that it is packet based, which is a very
efficient way to transmit data, and increasingly
voice (VoIP).
IP Traffic
Very Bursty
Highly Asymetric
Efficiently use of spectrum for asymmetrical traffics. FDD cannot be used in environments where the
service provider does not have enough bandwidth
to provide the required guard band between
transmit and receive channels.
11
COPYRIGHT
COPYRIGHT 2013
RIGHTS RESERVED.
RESERVED.
TDD-FDD COVERAGE COMPARISON
2.6GHz, 10MHz channel
Urban Rural
km
Kbps at cell edge Kbps at cell edge
More 25% bigger cell radius with FDD More 30% bigger cell radius with FDD
FDD is more efficient when coverage limites
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TDD-FDD PEAK RATE COMPARISON
FDD TDD
Channel size
- 10(DL)+10(UL) - 20 (DL+UL)
(MHz)
- 2x2 MIMO
- 2x2 MIMO - CFI=1
Downlink
- CFI=1 - S SF format 7
(10:2:2)
Uplink - MU-MIMO 16QAM (2 users)
TDD frame format
When traffic is really unbalanced in Downlink favor

TD-LTE is more efficient
FDD is a bit more efficient for a symmetrical traffic

TDD is more efficient for asymetrical throughputs
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TDD-FDD AVERAGE RATE COMPARISON
FDD TDD
Channel size
- 10(DL)+10(UL) - 20 (DL+UL)
(MHz)
- 2x2 MIMO
- 2x2 MIMO - CFI=3
Downlink
- CFI=3 - S SF format 7
(10:2:2)
Uplink - 1x2 SISO 16QAM
TDD frame format
When traffic is really unbalanced in Downlink favor, then TD-LTE is more efficient
FDD is a bit more efficient for a symmetrical traffic

TDD is more efficient for asymetrical throughputs
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3GPP LTE FRAME STRUCTURE
LTE Frame ( 10ms )

subframe subframe subframe subframe
first 1..3 OFDM symbols reserved for L1/L2 Physical Resource Block (PRB)
control signaling
f = 14 OFDM Symbols x 12 Subcarriers
Subcarrier
Subframe (1ms) This is the minimum allocation unit in LTE
one OFDM
symbol
15 kHz
PRB
Reference signals (pilots)
t 15
COPYRIGHT
COPYRIGHT 2013
RIGHTS RESERVED.
RESERVED.
3GPP LTE
ANTENNA PORT CONFIGURATIONS(1/2)
- LTE specifications define several transmission mode with specifics DL reference signals
- Single antenna, 2 or 4 antennas
- Antenna port 0 up to antenna port 3: SISO, Diversity, CL and OL MIMO
R0 R0
One antenna port

- TS36 36.213 Rel 8 defined 7 DL R0 R0
R0 R0
transmit mode R0 R0
l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6
TM1: Single-antenna port; port 0 Resource element (k,l)
TM2: Transmit diversity, based on space- R0 R0 R1 R1
Two antenna ports

frequency block coding (SFBC) R0 R0 R1 R1
Not used for transmission on this antenna port
R0 R0 R1 R1
TM3: Open-loop spatial multiplexing

Reference symbols on this antenna port
R0 R0 R1 R1
l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6
TM4: Closed-loop spatial multiplexing

TM5: Multi-user MIMO R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
Four antenna ports
TM6: Closed-loop Rank=1 precoding

R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
TM7: Single-antenna port; port 5 R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3

l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
Antenna port 0 Antenna port 1 Antenna port 2 Antenna port 3
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3GPP LTE RELEASE 8
ANTENNA PORT CONFIGURATIONS(2/2)
Single virtual antenna port 5 (can be used for Beam Forming in TDD)
R5 R5
R5 R5
R5 R5
R5 R5
R5 R5
R5 R5
l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6
MBMS using virtual antenna port 4

even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
Antenna port 5
- Physical Mulicast channels (PMCH) iso PDSCH

- PMCH shall not be transmitted in SF 0 and 5 on carrier supporting mix of data
- Specific RS pattern
R4
R4 R4
R4
R4 R4
R4
R4 R4
R4
R4 R4
R4
R4 R4
R4
R4 R4
l 0 l 5 l 0 l 5
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
Antenna port 4
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TRANSMISSION MODE SUMMARY
Transmission Name Reference Description
Mode
1 Single Port Antenna Used for SISO & SIMO antenna configs
2 Transmit Diversity Typically better than SM in low SINR

Robust to high vehicle speed
Lower signaling overhead than SM
3 Open Loop Spatial Multiplexing Potential benefits over Tx Div in high SINR rich scattering environments
4 Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing Potential benefits over CL R1 & Tx Div in high SINR
rich scattering environments
Potential benefits over OL SM at low speeds
5 Multi-User MIMO Close-loop precoding for linear array or diversity array
6 Closed Loop Rank=1 Pre-coding Typically better than SM in low SINR Potential
benefits over Tx Div at low speeds
Lower signaling overhead than SM
7 Single Layer Beamforming Single layers per user (single-user MIMO).
This TM is to support BF for Rel-8 devices
8 Dual Layer Beamforming Spatial Multiplexing supported
Up to 2 layers per user (single-user MIMO).
This TM is to support BF for Rel-9 (and later) devices
9 Seamless Switching Up to 8 layer transmission in single-user
Between SU and MU MIMO Up to 4 layer transmission for multi-user MIMO.
(up to rank 8) Frequency selective PMI.
Precoding per subband basis
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19

Alcatel-Lucent Lte Deepdive On Lte TDD

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ALCATEL-LUCENT LTE

DEEPDIVE ON LTE TDD

Main 3GPP Bands used for TD-LTE

Americas Europe, Africa & Middle East China & APAC

TD-LTE Devices are already operation over 1.9/2.3/2.6 GHz bands

COPYRIGHT 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

DRIVERS GLOBAL MARKET

Source: GTI web site

One Standard 3GPP TS 36.xxx (set of LTE specs)

Frame Duration 10ms 5ms, 10ms

5ms (2:6), (4:4), (6:2), (3:5)

2013 is the year of TDD takes off

The basic type 1 LTE frame has an overall

LTE Subframes consist of two slots

The frame structure for the type 2 frames

The 10 ms frame comprises two half frames,

Special Subframe Configuration (0 to 8)

Downlink pilot time slot (DwPTS): used for

Lower cost as no duplexer is needed to isolate the

Cross slot Base stations need to be synchronized with Not applicable

Kbps at cell edge Kbps at cell edge

FDD is more efficient when coverage limites

TDD frame format

When traffic is really unbalanced in Downlink favor

FDD is a bit more efficient for a symmetrical traffic

TDD frame format

FDD is a bit more efficient for a symmetrical traffic

LTE Frame ( 10ms )

One antenna port

TM1: Single-antenna port; port 0 Resource element (k,l)

TM2: Transmit diversity, based on space- R0 R0 R1 R1

Two antenna ports

TM3: Open-loop spatial multiplexing

TM4: Closed-loop spatial multiplexing

TM6: Closed-loop Rank=1 precoding

TM7: Single-antenna port; port 5 R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3

Antenna port 0 Antenna port 1 Antenna port 2 Antenna port 3

MBMS using virtual antenna port 4

- Physical Mulicast channels (PMCH) iso PDSCH

2 Transmit Diversity Typically better than SM in low SINR

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