Mdulo: Ingls Regular - Professor: Anthony Rosenberg

Class 9 Prepositions and Preposition Phrases

The Cyber Jungle - http://hoffman.foreignpolicy.com/

I Choose the best preposition in each case.

For a revealing look at/in the immense river of/for digital data that the world has generated in/during recent years,
see the April 1 issue of Science magazine. Two researchers have attempted to estimate the global capacity to store,
communicate and compute information. They found that, from/between 1986 and 2007, general-purpose computing
capacity grew at an annual rate of 58 percent, telecommunications at/of 28 percent, and stored information at/of 23
percent. There is also a pie chart showing that 80 percent of communications on/in 1986 were fixed analog those
wonderful old land-line phones!while on/in 2007 global communications were 97 percent digital. The research article
is complex, but chock-full of/from other measurements in/about the data onslaught.

II - Place the prepositions below accordingly.

in to to from for in
Great benefits and some new hazards have come _______ this digital revolution. The upside is the immense upswing
_______ communication, creativity, discovery and productivity. We take more photographs, read more news, search
_______ more info, listen _______ more music and watch more videos with less effort than ever before _______ human
history. Scientists can probe genomes and distant planets with tools never before available _______ mankind.

III Place prepositions accordingly.

The hazard is that, _______ some days, the information superhighway looks like the road from Benghazi to Tripoli. The
Stuxnet worm showed just how nasty things can become. _______ its annual internet security threat report, Symantec
says that Stuxnet and another attack mechanism, Hydraq, were last years standout malware. Hydraq was attempting to
steal intellectual property from major corporations; Stuxnet was apparently designed to disrupt Irans nuclear
enrichment process. According _______ Symantec, both will, unfortunately, be useful _______ teaching programmers
how to do it again. Overall, Symantec says it recorded _______ 3 billion malware attacks last year.

IV Place the expression/word that best suits the preposition in bold in each case.
published out think wake up series of essays exercise one piece

Nations are starting to _____________________ to this new battlefield, too. Theres an interesting
_____________________ in the Spring edition of Strategic Studies Quarterly, which is _____________________ of the
Air University at Maxwell Air Force Base, on the implications of cyber conflict. In _____________________, Christopher
Bronk imagines the use of cyberwar by China in the year 2020. This is a clever and fascinating ___________________
in futurology. In another article, Chris C. Demchak and Peter Dombrowski argue that the global cyber battlefields are
already being fortified. While we like to ________________ of the internet as a borderless space, they report otherwise:

V - Place the expressions with prepositions accordingly.

evolved into out of control upon which among states anywhere near
the days of at once in the virtual world across the worlds nations the beginnings of
Today we are seeing _____________________ the border-making process _____________________. From the
Chinese intent to create their own controlled internal Internet, to increasingly controlled access to the Internet in
less-democratic states, to the rise of Internet filters and rules in Western democracies, states are establishing the
bounds of their sovereign control _____________________ in the name of security and economic sustainability

The consensus _____________________ changed after Stuxnet. If such malicious software can take down whole

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 energy systems _____________________, states have no choice but to respond if they are to protect their own
governmental and military operations and uphold their responsibility to protect citizens and corporations. The
Stuxnet method and its success thus changed the notion of vulnerability across increasingly internetted societies
and critical infrastructures. _____________________ cyber spying through software backdoors or betrayals by
trusted insiders, vandalism, or even theft had suddenly _____________________ the demonstrated ability to
deliver a potentially killing blow without being _____________________ the target. Forcing nuclear centrifuges to
oscillate _____________________ from an unknown and remote location suggests that future innovations might
be able to destroy or disrupt other critical infrastructures _____________________ modern societies depend.

VI Choose the best preposition in each case.

In/On/At earlier decades, nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, as well as conventional arms, have been subject
with/to/in arms control treaties that attempted to limit the creation of the weapons and of//in their use. The
treaties werent perfect: some were violated, some were weak and lacked enforcement. A good question that needs to
be debated today is whether it is possible or desirable to create arms control agreements to limit of/at/ cyber conflict.
As I pointed out in/on/with a recent article in Foreign Policy magazine, cyber conflict exists on/in/for a shadowy,
unaccountable world, not easily limited for/of/by treaties.
Elisabeth Fischer, writing for/by/with the site army-technology.com, asked a series of experts at/for/on whether the
time has come for rules of cyber warfare like those that govern conventional warfare. She found a lot of conflicting
views.
In January, Karl Frederick Rauscher and Andrey Korotkov led a Russian-American study conducted by/for/over the
East-West Institute on whether the Geneva and Hague Conventions could be adapted under/to/with cyber space.
The study pointed at/to/out that so-called critical infrastructure things that are necessary for the basic welfare of
civilian populations are often quite difficult to separate of/from/in other facilities when it comes to cyberspace. An
attack to/with/on a power grid or computer network could take down/through/over both hospitals as well as
military targets. Can these be separated in/at/on a cyber conflict? Questions like that are still unanswered.
Another plunge for/of/into the legal issues around cyberwar is offered in Strategic Studies Quarterly by Prof. Charles J.
Dunlap Jr., of Duke University. He argues that the tenets of the law from/in/on armed conflict are sufficient to
address most of the important issues at/of/over cyber war. The problem is not so much law, he says, as the inherent
uncertainty of war and targeting.
The fog of war exists in/at/for cyberspace, too.

No more time travel drama, authority says it disrespects history

http://www.chinahush.com/2011/04/03/no-more-time-travel-drama-authority-says-it-disrespects-history/
VII Place the expression/word that best suits the preposition in bold in each case.
some reasons the end of last year has called based that era fond
disrespectful some means added this type get used limits
Now, there is an interesting trend in Chinas film and television industry: more and more time-travel themed dramas are
made and aired. In these time-travel based TV plays, usually the protagonist is from the modern age and for
_____________________ and via _____________________, travels through time and all the way back to ancient
China where he/she will constantly experience the "culture shock", but gradually _____________________ to it and
eventually develop a romance in _____________________. Though obviously the Chinese audience is
_____________________ of this genre of shows, the countrys authority the General Bureau of Radio, Film and
Television, to be exact is not happy about this trend and _____________________ for a halt to the making of
_____________________ of drama.

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From _____________________, time-travel drama has become more and more popular. Most of these dramas are
_____________________ on real historical stories, but with many newly added, and usually exaggerated elements to
make it funny and more attractive. Nothing is off _____________________ in this television genre. While some find it
hilarious, others think the exaggeration and even ridiculous elements _____________________ into the story are a real
source of annoyance and _____________________ to history.

VIII SIX prepositions of the 12 in bold in the next two paragraphs are INCORRECT. Find them and
correct them.
The authoritys decision was made at the Television Director Committee Meeting in April 1, but obviously it is not a
prank to fans of the drama genre. The authority has a good reason to be against the genre. "Time-travel drama is
becoming a hot theme for TV and films. Yet, its content and the exaggerated performance style are questionable. Many
stories are totally made-up and include untruths in effect. The producers and writers are treating our serious history
frivolously, which should by no means be encouraged anymore."
Shen Hua (Myth) is the countrys first time-travel TV play and rather successful. The play depicts how a young
adolescent travels over time to the China of 2000 years ago and becomes a sworn brother for Xiang Yu and Liu Bang,
(both are prominent military leaders and political figures during the late Qin Dynasty period in Chinese history) and
eventually ends up becoming an army general leading troops of thousands of soldiers. In the same time, his twin
brother and families on the modern day are fighting with a mystery man to find him.

IX Place prepositions in the gaps accordingly. Some may not need a preposition at all.
Shen Hua(Myth) is a success _______ the box office, but too many made-up stories that bend the facts makes
controversy inevitable, and many people have complained _______ the many mistakes _______ historical facts. They
say it is unbearable to watch.
Besides _______ the over-exaggerated time-travel dramas, the bureau is also making it clear that no more new film and
TV versions of the Four Great Classical Novels should be produced and aired _______ the screen _______ the near
future. Since 2010, dramas of the Four Great Classical Novels are respectively remade _______ one year. Attention has
surely been sparked, but people hold mixed opinions _______ these remakes. The main opinion is that remakes are
made _______ a rush and with lots of changes _______ the original stories; the original TV version of the Four Great
Novels made years ago is classic, and it is hard to beat.