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  • 36A - Why Floating LNG

    Transféré par

    Putu Indra Mahatrisna
    20 vues7 pages
    Floating LNG facilities provide several advantages over onshore LNG plants: they have lower environmental and safety impacts, face less regulatory hurdles, and can access remote, stranded gas reserves that would otherwise be uneconomical to develop. However, offshore plants have higher capital costs due to the duplication of modular components required for expansion. Studies show that floating LNG plants have a 25-35% cost premium over similarly sized onshore plants but require a smaller footprint and emit lower carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions during operations.

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    36A - Why Floating LNG

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    Floating LNG facilities provide several advantages over onshore LNG plants: they have lower environmental and safety impacts, face less regulatory hurdles, and can access remote, stranded gas reserves that would otherwise be uneconomical to develop. However, offshore plants have higher capital costs due to the duplication of modular components required for expansion. Studies show that floating LNG plants have a 25-35% cost premium over similarly sized onshore plants but require a smaller footprint and emit lower carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions during operations.

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    20 vues7 pages

    36A - Why Floating LNG

    Transféré par

    Putu Indra Mahatrisna
    Floating LNG facilities provide several advantages over onshore LNG plants: they have lower environmental and safety impacts, face less regulatory hurdles, and can access remote, stranded gas reserves that would otherwise be uneconomical to develop. However, offshore plants have higher capital costs due to the duplication of modular components required for expansion. Studies show that floating LNG plants have a 25-35% cost premium over similarly sized onshore plants but require a smaller footprint and emit lower carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions during operations.

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    sur 7

    The World of Energy

    Chapter 36 Floating LNG

    36.1. Why Floating LNG

    Ch. 36 - 1
    Driver for Offshore LNG
    Cost
    Competitive cost in number of areas
    Environmental
    Strong environmental lobby amongst local communities
    against onshore facilities (e.g. US East Coast, California,
    Baja California, Italy)
    No environmental impact on shore line
    Security and safety
    Remote from inhabitants, hence consequences of
    accident limited
    Contain or lower risk arising out of terrorist threat post
    9/11
    Regulatory
    Planning / permitting may be shorter for offshore
    facilities
    In the US for example, permitting for offshore facilities
    falls under US Coast Guard rather than FERC. US Coast
    Guard decisions made within a year

    NIMBY
    Ch. 36 - 2
    On-shore vs. Off-shore LNG Plant

    Concept On-shore LNG Plant Off-shore LNG Plant


    Considerations
    Safety No restriction on available Limited Space
    land
    Avoid use of Propane
    Propane refrigerant may be
    used
    Safety/Technical Essentially no limit on Avoid tall buildings or
    Tall buildings/structures structures

    Cost of Land/ Low cost plant expansion, Modular concept requires


    Platforms Shared common facilities Multiplication of cost for
    expansion
    Impact on Significant impact on Minimal impact on
    Community Surrounding community Surrounding community
    Develop.

    Applicability For large gas reserve For stranded (small) gas


    5 TSCF or more Reserve, up to 3 TSCF

    Ch. 36 - 3
    On-shore vs Off-shore LNG Plant
    Cost Bechmarking

    LNG Plant Design Concept Capacity Cost Index


    Million Ton/Year ( US$/Capacity)

    On-shore, Large Scale 3.24 100 (%)

    On-shore, Small Scale 1.62 160

    Floating Ship & Storage 1.28 256

    Integrated Barge & Storage 1.28 253

    Berthed Barge 1.62 202

    Off-shore Platform 1.28 247

    Ch. 36 - 4
    Offshore versus Onshore Plant Footprint

    ONSHORE PLANT OFFSHORE PLANT

    0 200 400m

    Ch. 36 - 5
    FLNG vs Onshore LNG Capital

    Onshore % Offshore %
    Wells + wellheads + manifolds 25* 25
    FLNG Barge + equipment 0 75

    Production Platform 25 0

    Gas compression to shore + 5-10 0


    condensate system
    Pipeline 25 0
    Onshore LNG Plant (incl. jetties, 80 0
    storage, processing)

    TOTAL (approx. numbers) 160-165% 100%


    *Greenfield using offshore gas

    Ch. 36 - 6
    FLNG Emissions Advantages

    LNG plant 4.8 mmtpa Onshore FLNG

    Carbon Dioxide (Ktpa)


    Offshore compression 415 135
    Power generation in plant 1090 965
    _____ _____
    Total 1505 1100

    Oxides of Nitrogen (tpa)


    Offshore compression 320 120
    Power generation in plant 963 904
    _____ _____
    Total 1283 1024

    Ch. 36 - 7

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