CHAPTER 3 RENEWABLE ENERGY OVERVIEW

Renewable Power Sources

Solar
Wind
Water
Geothermal
Biomass
Ocean

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SOLAR ENERGY

Converting the Suns energy to heat, light, or electricity

Passive Solar
Active Solar
Solar Electricity

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Passive Solar Energy

Uses or avoids solar inputs by building orientation and architectural solutions

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Active Solar

Using solar collectors to heat water or air

Domestic Hot Water
Space heating with water or air
Concentrating collectors for higher
temperature

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Active Solar

Flat Plate Hot Water

Solar water heater system has four
components:
Collector
Tank
Pump
Controller
50% system efficiency

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Active Solar

Concentrating Collector
produce high temperature
and steam

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PV Power or Solar Electric

Using photovoltaic cells to directly convert the suns energy directly into electricity

Stand alone
Grid connected

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Stand Alone PV Systems

PV array
Battery
DC Load
No inverter
Not tied to electric power grid

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Grid-Connected PV systems
PV array
No Battery
Inverter
AC Loads
Tied to electric power grid
Net metering

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WIND ENERGY

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Wind Power
Converting the kinetic energy of the wind into electricity

Uses the kinetic energy of wind.

AWPD = 1.17 * V3
Wind Power Classes
Turbine efficiency is
approximately 30%.

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Wind Power Classes

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Wind Turbine -Inside Story

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Wind Advantages Wind Disadvantages

Very large global resource. Regional
Economics are good: Competitive with Intermittent
fossil fuel. Construction Impacts
Capital cost = 1$ / Watt Bird & Bat fatalities
Rapid construction Visual Pollution?
Small construction footprint

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HYDRO ENERGY

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Water power
Converting the potential energy of water into electricity

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Hydroelectric Basics

Energy is stored as gravitational

potential energy.
Electrical generators convert
mechanical energy to electrical energy.
Largest source of renewable energy in
US

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Types of Hydroelectric Installation

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Hydropower Impoundment Dam

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Hydropower Diversion Dam

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Hydropower Pumped Storage

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Micro Hydropower

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Pumped Storage System

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Hydroelectric power-Disadvantages
High capital costs
Regional
Seasonal variation
Dams fill with silt
Chance of catastrophic flooding
Loss of wild rivers
Salmon breeding blocked

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GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

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Geothermal Power
Natural steam from the production wells power the turbine generator. The
steam is condensed by evaporation in the cooling tower and pumped down
an injection well to sustain production

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Steam Turbine Generator

Like all steam turbine generators, the force of steam is used to spin the trubine
blades which spin the generator, prducing electricity. But with geothermal
energy, no fuels are burned

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Geothermal Power Plant

This power plant provides about 25% of the electricity used on the Big
Island of Hawaii

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Geothermal Plant Emission

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Geothermal Direct Use

Pipes of geothermal water can be installed under sidewalks
and roads to keep them from icing over in winter, like this
sidewalk in Klamath Falls, Oregon

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Geothermal Heat Pump (GHP): Heating

GHP is very efficient and can be used for heating and cooling

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Geothermal Heat Pump (GHP): Cooling

Payback Period 2 to 10 years. High initial cost

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Geothermal power -Disadvantages

High capital costs
Regional
Not compatible with tourism
Not fully renewable
Uses water resources

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OTHERS

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