Environmental Economic Impact of Policies:

Population Control and Solid Waste Management

Del Rosario, Ma. Eddel Francesca

Environmental Economics

Prof. Voltaire Alferez

Population Control:
Responsible Parenthood and
Reproductive Health Act of 2012
Population Control

"part of investing in human capital

in the labor supply side."
Ernesto Pernia

Population control: the practice of artificially altering the

size of any population.

Family Planning: the practice of controlling the number

of children in a family and the intervals between their births
Notes:

Rapid population growth exacerbates poverty

The Philippines has a young population and a high

poverty incidence

What is the carrying capacity? X

What is the cost effective way to maintain popn at X?
What are the damages to the environment beyond X?
Compare the cost of policy and the impacts without
policy.
Cost of Children

Social Costs
Economic Costs
Micro level costs
Higher taxes and
government expenditure for
social services
Environmental Costs
Congestion
Environmental Degradation:
air, soil, land
Resource Depletion: water,
land, energy
Cost of Population Policy

DOH: 3B budget for RP-RH Law

P1.25 billion per annum: universal access to methods on
contraception, fertility control, sexual education, and maternal
care.

Metro Manila traffic costing Philippines P3 billion a day

Average annual spending on education per student (FIES 2006
and Labor Force Survey 2007).
P8,212 for a one-child family
P2,474 for a family with nine or more children
Decreasing land supply, land prices go up, land reclamation
plans considered
Some employment generation push for resource depletion
Critique

TROs interfere even with clear and established justifications

for the law
Solid Waste Management:
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2001
 Proper waste management and disposal systems
are essential in every community.

It is mandated by the law in order to protect both the

environment and the welfare of the people.

Although a very unattractive topic, it is one that no person

can afford to ignore, especially more important in urban
centers like Metro Manila.

High population density + with the high rates of consumption

= large volumes of wastes to manage
Solid Waste
Management
Solid Waste any
disposed or abandoned
materials, whether they
are solid, liquid, semi-
solid or containerized
gaseous materials.
RA 9003 Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000

we have developed standards to know what

proper, effective and efficient solid waste management is.
It has given stakeholders, local government units (LGUs) and
waste generators their responsibility towards the issue.
Posters by Pasig City government
 PRACTICES

1. No Segregation, No Collection & Information Dissemination

2. Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)
3. Intensified Door to Door Solid Waste Collection System
4. BaZero Program: Zero Basura
5. Waste Diversion
6. Refuse-Driven Facility (RDF)
7. Sanitary Landfill
 Biodegradable Waste Diversion

As mandated by the RA 9003 to divert solid wastes from disposal facility,

different types of wastes go to different places.

Biodegradable wastes, composing 35% of the city's wastes, are processed

in the city's composting dams in Urban Gardening Facilities in the School
of Urban Gardening. It is located at the Pasig City Rain Forest Adventure
Experience (RAVE) since 2015, and was extended into the Panorama
Park atop the Pasig City Hall in 2016.
Integrated School of Urban Gardening
in Panorama Park
at the top of City Hall
Circular Economy

Efficient
consumption and
production
Critique

Responsibility of wastes falls to the government, not to

the consumers or producers

Limited funds from MRF materials, depends on market

value

Little incentive for producers to adopt a circular economy

Little penalty for consumers to limit their consumption

wastes

Reactive