Results

Table1: Results for Experiment Determining Water Equivalence of Calorimeter

Run 1 Run 2
Time (minutes) Temperature/C Temperature/C Temperature/C Temperature/C
Cool Water Warm Water Cool Water Warm Water
1 29.8 42.8 29.5 41.4
2 29.8 42.5 29.5 41.1
3 29.8 42.1 29.5 40.6
4 MIXING MIXING
5 35.4 34.8
6 35.3 34.8
7 35.3 34.7
8 35.2 34.6
9 35.1 34.5

Table2: Results for Experiment Determining Heat of Neutralization between Standardized HCl and
Standardized NaOH

Time/s Temperature/C
HCl NaOH
60 30.2 29.2
120 30.2 29.2
180 30.2 29.3
240 MIXING
300 35.9
330 36.0
360 35.9
390 35.8
420 35.8
450 35.7
480 35.7
510 35.6
540 35.5
Table3: Results for Experiment Determining Heat of Neutralization between Standardized CH 3COOH
and Standardized NaOH

Time/s Temperature/C
CH3COOH NaOH
60 29.1 28.8
120 29.1 28.9
180 29.2 28.9
240 MIXING
300 35.3
330 35.3
360 35.3
390 35.3
420 35.2
450 35.2
480 35.1
510 35.1
540 35.0

Table4: Results for Experiment Determining Heat of Neutralization between Standardized HCl diluted
to approx. 0.5M HCl and Standardized NaOH

Time/s Temperature/C
HCl NaOH
60 29.7 29.7
120 29.7 29.8
180 29.8 29.8
240 MIXING
300 33.6
330 33.6
360 33.6
390 33.5
420 33.5
450 33.5
480 33.4
510 33.4
540 33.3
Table5: Results for Experiment Determining Heat of Neutralization between Standardized HCl diluted
to approx. 0.25M HCl and Standardized NaOH

Time/s Temperature/C
HCl NaOH
60 29.2 29.5
120 29.3 29.7
180 29.3 29.7
240 MIXING
300 31.0
330 31.5
360 31.5
390 31.5
420 31.5
450 31.5
480 31.4
510 31.4
540 31.4

Table6: Results for Experiment Determining Heat of Neutralization between Standardized HCl diluted
to approx. 0.125M HCl and Standardized NaOH

Time/s Temperature/C
HCl NaOH
60 28.8 29.5
120 28.8 29.6
180 28.9 29.7
240 MIXING
300 30.1
330 30.2
360 30.2
390 30.2
420 30.2
450 30.2
480 30.2
510 30.2
540 30.2
Table7: Results for Experiment Determining Heat of Neutralization between 10ml Standardized HCl
diluted to approx. 0.5M HCl and Standardized NaOH

Time/s Temperature/C
HCl NaOH
60 29.0 27.7
120 28.9 27.7
180 28.9 27.7
240 MIXING
300 29.0
330 29.0
360 29.0
390 29.0
420 29.0
450 28.9
480 28.9
510 28.9
540 28.9

Table8: Results for Experiment Determining Heat of Neutralization between 20ml Standardized HCl
diluted to approx. 0.25M HCl and Standardized NaOH

Time/s Temperature/C
HCl NaOH
60 28.4 29.0
120 28.4 28.9
180 28.3 28.9
240 MIXING
300 29.3
330 29.3
360 29.3
390 29.3
420 29.3
450 29.3
480 29.2
510 29.1
540 29.1
Table9: Titre values obtained in standardization titrations of HCl against Na 2CO3 solution

Trial 1 2 3
Initial 0.0mL 9.8mL 19.5mL
Final 9.8mL 19.5mL 29.2mL
Titre Value 9.8mL 9.7mL 9.7mL

Table10: Titre values obtained in standardization titrations of NaOH against KHP solution

Trial 1 2 3
Initial 0.0mL 2.3mL 4.7mL
Final 2.3mL 4.7mL 7.1mL
Titre Value 2.3mL 2.4mL 2.4mL

Table11: Titre values obtained in standardization titrations of CH 3COOH against NaOH

Trial 1 2 3
Initial 0.0mL 19.5mL 29.3mL
Final 9.7mL 9.7mL 19.5mL
Titre Value 9.7mL 9.8mL 9.8mL

Data Analysis
Determining Water Equivalent of Calorimeter
Run 1 Run 2
Volume of cool water 50mL 50mL
50mL 50mL
Volume of warm water

Run 1 Run 2
Time (minutes) Temperature/C Temperature/C Temperature/C Temperature/C
Cool Water Warm Water Cool Water Warm Water
1 29.8 42.8 29.5 41.4
2 29.8 42.5 29.5 41.1
3 29.8 42.1 29.5 40.6
4 MIXING MIXING
5 35.4 34.8
6 35.3 34.8
 7 35.3 34.7
8 35.2 34.6
9 35.1 34.5

Run 1 Run 2
Initial Temperature of 50mL Warm Water from Graph/C 41.8 40.0
Initial Temperature of 50mL Cool Water from Graph/C 29.8 29.5
Temperature of Mixing from Graph/C 35.5 35.0

Calculations Run 1 Run 2

Heat lost by warm water (Q=mc T)

Run 1: 50g x 4.18Jg-1C-1 x -6.3C = -1316.7J -1316.7J -1045.0J
Run 2: 50g x 4.18 Jg-1C-1 x -5C = -1045.0J
Heat gained by cool water (Q=mc T)
Run 1: 50g x 4.18Jg-1C-1 x 5.7C = 1191.3J 1191.3J 1149.5J
Run 2: 50g x 4.18Jg-1C-1 x 5.5C = 1149.5J
Heat gained by calorimeter
Run 1: 1316.7J 1191.3J = 125.4J 125.4J -104.5J
Run 2: 1045.0J 1149.5J = -104.5J
Water Equivalent of Calorimeter
(Heat gained by calorimeter) T 10.45JC-1 9.95JC-1
Run 1: 125.4J 12.0C = 10.45JC-1
Run 2: 104.5J 10.5C = 9.95JC-1
Average Water Equivalence of Calorimeter 10.2 JC-1

Standardization Titrations

Standardizing 1M HCl using Na2CO3 solution

Table showing calculation of mass of Na2CO3 used in standardization titrations

Mass bottle + sample 17.9767g

Mass empty bottle 12.5084g
Mass sample used 5.4683g

Table showing titre values obtained in standardization titrations of HCl against Na 2CO3 solution

Trial 1 2 3
Initial 0.0mL 9.8mL 19.5mL
Final 9.8mL 19.5mL 29.2mL
Titre Value 9.8mL 9.7mL 9.7mL

Avg Titre Value= 9.7ml

Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO(g)

Ratio of Na2CO3 : HCl = 1:2
# mols Na2CO3 in 100ml = mass used molar mass
= 5.4683g 106gmol-1 = 0.05mols
# mols Na2CO3 in 10ml = 0.05mols 10 = 0.005mols used in titration

since ratio Na2CO3 : HCl = 1:2

# mols HCl in 9.7ml solution = 2 x 0.005mols = 0.01mols
# mols in 1000ml = (0.01mols 9.7ml) x 1000ml
= 1.031mols
concentration of HCl used = 1.031M

Standardizing 1M NaOH using KHP solution

Table showing calculation of mass of KHP used in standardization titrations

Mass bottle + sample 14.8120g

Mass empty bottle 9.7090g
Mass sample used 5.1030g

Table showing titre values obtained in standardization titrations of NaOH against KHP solution

Trial 1 2 3
Initial 0.0mL 2.3mL 4.7mL
Final 2.3mL 4.7mL 7.1mL
Titre Value 2.3mL 2.4mL 2.4mL
Avg Titre Value= 2.4ml

KHC8H4O4(aq) + NaOH NaKC8H4O4 + H2O

Ratio of KHP : NaOH = 1:1
#mols KHP in 100ml = mass used molar mass
= 5.1030g 204.22gmol-1 = 0.025mols
# mols KHP in 10ml = 0.025mols 10 = 0.0025mols used in titration

since ratio KHP : NaOH = 1:1

# mols NaOH in 2.4ml solution = 0.0025mols
# mols in 1000ml = (0.0025mols 2.4ml) x 1000ml
= 1.041mols
concentration of NaOH used = 1.041M

Standardizing 1M CH3COOH using standardized NaOH solution

Table showing titre values obtained in standardization titrations of CH 3COOH against NaOH

Trial 1 2 3
Initial 0.0mL 19.5mL 29.3mL
Final 9.7mL 9.7mL 19.5mL
Titre Value 9.7mL 9.8mL 9.8mL

Avg Titre Value= 9.8ml

CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(aq)

Ratio of CH3COOH : NaOH = 1:1
#mols NaOH in 10ml = concentration x (volume 1000)
= 1.041M x 0.01
= 0.01041mols
since ratio CH3COOH : NaOH = 1:1
# mols CH3COOH in 9.8ml solution = 0.01041mols
# mols in 1000ml = (0.01041mols 9.8ml) x 1000ml
= 1.062mols
concentration of CH3COOH used = 1.062M