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"EEM 2 DC Machines"
Photo: Siemens AG
Author: M.Germeroth
www.lucas-nuelle.de
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Training objectives 1
Equipment for 300 W Classic Series 2
Information page "Alternative Equipment" 3
Safety 5
DC shunt-wound motors 7
Connection and starting 9
Rotation reversal 17
Speed control 23
Load characteristic 31
DC shunt-wound generators, separately excited 37
Voltage control (field-control range) 39
Voltage polarity 45
Load characteristic 49
DC shunt-wound generators, self-excited 55
Rotation direction and polarity 57
Load characteristic 61
DC series-wound motors 67
Connection and starting 69
Rotation reversal 75
Load characteristic 81
DC compound-wound motors 87
Load characteristics for various compound ratios 89
Copyright 99
EEM2 DC machines
EEM2 DC machines
Training objectives
In this course you will acquire practical knowledge regarding the topic of DC
machines.
Experiment-based investigations of series-wound, shunt-wound and compound-
wound machines are at the focal point of this course and explore such aspects as
how the machines function, respond and operate.
Training contents
Motors, generators
Series-wound, shunt-wound and compound-wound windings
Measurement of armature current, exciter current and voltage
Nominal data, rating plate
Speed adjustment
Rotation reversal
Magnetic field weakening
Armature and field resistors
Power measurement with and without load
Prerequisites
Fundamentals of electrical machines
Fundamentals of electrical engineering
How to handle measuring instruments
1
EEM2 DC machines
Equipment for 300 W Classic Series
2
EEM2 DC machines
Information page "Alternative Equipment"
3
EEM2 DC machines
Information page "Alternative Equipment"
4
EEM2 DC machines
Safety
In all experiments using mains voltages high, life-threatening voltages arise. For that
reason use only safety measurement leads and make sure that there are no short-
circuits.
It is imperative that all of the devices, which are provided with an earth or where
earthing is possible, must be earthed. This is particularly the case for the frequency
converter being used.
Always be very careful to check the wiring of the application modules and only
switch on the mains voltage after a check has been completed. Whenever possible
use a robust current monitoring instrument in the circuit.
Always use shaft-end guards and coupling guards as protection against contact
with rotating motor parts
All locally applicable stipulations and standards governing how electrical equipment
is handled must be complied with.
5
EEM2 DC machines
Safety
6
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
DC shunt-wound motors
Over the next few pages you will perform the following exercises
pertaining to "DC shunt-wound motors":
7
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
8
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
IA= ____A
UE= ____V
IE= ____mA
n= ____rpm
9
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
Switch on the brake too. This does not yet subject the motor to any
load
Note: setting of the DC power supply can only be performed when the motor is
connected.
More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation
10
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
11
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
Required settings:
Experiment procedure:
Put the motor into operation and observe its operating response
12
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
The motor rotates at a higher speed than the nominal
speed
The rotation direction is clockwise More than one
The rotation direction is anti-clockwise answer may
The switch-on current is higher than the nominal current be correct
The motor rotates at nominal speed
The current increases with increasing speed
Required settings:
Experiment procedure:
Make sure that the brake is not applied so hard that the motor comes to a halt
The armature current corresponds approximately to the
nominal current
The armature current is considerably higher than the
nominal current
The armature current is considerably smaller than the
nominal current
13
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
Required settings:
Experiment procedure:
Gradually increase the motor's load step-by-step until 1.5 times (0.3 kW) or
1x (1 kW) the nominal current and then complete the table
I/A
n/min
1.8
250 2500
1.6
1.4
200 2000
1.2
150 1.0 1500
0.8
100 1000
0.6
0.4
50 500
0.2
0 0.0 0
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
M/Nm
14
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
The speed severely drops off once the nominal torque More than one
is reached answer may
standard operation
15
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
16
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
17
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
Assemble the circuit as specified in the following circuit diagram and set-
up instructions.
Include an ammeter and voltmeter in the the armature circuit.
Switch on the brake. This does not yet subject the motor to any load.
18
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
Rotation reversal
Required settings:
Experiment procedure:
Note: setting of the DC power supply can only be performed when the motor is
connected.
19
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
The motor rotates clockwise
The motor rotates anti-clockwise
20
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
Switch the motor off and modify the circuit as shown by changing the polarity
of the exciter coil
Turn the motor back on and observe its response
21
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
22
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
Note: setting of the DC power supply unit can only be performed when the motor
is connected.
More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation
23
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
24
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
Required settings:
Experiment procedure:
Reduce the armature voltage in 3 stages via the adjustable DC power supply
(220/190/160V)
At the same time measure the variables Iaand n and enter the measured
values into the table
25
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
0.50 3000
Ia/A
n/(1/min)
0.45 2700
0.40 2400
0.35 2100
0.30 1800
0.25 1500
0.20 1200
0.15 900
0.10 600
0.05 300
0.00 0
150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240
Ua/V
Required setting:
Brake:
Industrial series: "PC Mode"
26
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
Experiment procedure:
Required settings:
27
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
Experiment procedure:
n(1/min) If/mA
2300.0
2600.0
3000.0
300
If/mA
270
240
210
180
150
120
90
60
30
0
2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000
n/(1/min)
Required setting:
Brake:
Industrial series: "PC Mode"
28
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
Experiment procedure:
A reduction of the armature voltage leads to a drop in
speed
A reduction of the exciter current leads to a drop in
speed More than one
answer may
An increase of the armature voltage leads to a drop in
be correct
speed
A decrease of exciter current leads to an increase in
speed
29
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
30
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
Assemble the circuit as specified in the following circuit diagram and set-
up instructions
Include an ammeter and voltmeter in the armature/exciter circuit
Switch the brake on too. This does not yet subject the motor to any load
Note: setting of the DC power supply can only be carried out when the motor is
connected
More detailed information on the brake and the software used can be found in the
appropriate online documentation
31
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
32
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
33
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
Required setting:
Brake:
Industrial series: "PC Mode"
Experiment procedure:
34
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
35
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound motors
36
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, separately excited
Over the next few pages you will be conducting the following
exercises on a "separately excited DC shunt-wound generator":
37
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, separately excited
38
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, separately excited
Assemble the circuit as specified in the following circuit diagram and set-
up instructions
Include an ammeter and voltmeter in the exciter circuit
Set the field regulator to the value 0
Set the DC power supply to a voltage of 220 V
In this experiment the brake is used as a drive motor
Note: setting of the DC power supply can only be carried out when the exciter
circuit is connected
More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation
39
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, separately excited
40
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, separately excited
41
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, separately excited
Required settings:
Experiment procedure:
Ug(Ierr.=70mA)/V
Ug(Ierr.=50mA)/V
Ug(Ierr=0)/V
42
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, separately excited
43
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, separately excited
44
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, separately excited
Note: setting of the DC power supply unit can only be performed when the exciter
circuit is connected
More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation
45
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, separately excited
46
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, separately excited
47
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, separately excited
Required settings:
Experiment procedure:
The polarity of the generator voltage is independent of
the generator's rotation direction
The polarity of the exciter winding and the rotation
direction of the generator are determined by the polarity
of the generator voltage
The polarity of the generator voltage cannot be changed
as it is fixed to the same polarity by the manufacturer
48
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, separately excited
49
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, separately excited
Note: setting of the DC power supply unit can only be performed when the exciter
circuit is connected
More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation
50
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, separately excited
51
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, separately excited
52
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, separately excited
Record the load characteristics of the generator with various exciter currents
Required settings:
Experiment procedure:
The drive motor is to be run up to a speed of 2000 rpm with the generator
operating without a load (load resistor set to maximum)
Record the load characteristics based on the armature currents specified in
the table with 2 different nominal exciter currents (50% and 100% of the
nominal exciter current)
Measure the variables UG (generator voltage) and P2 (power output) when the
armature current IG is increased step by step
Increase the armature current by reducing the load resistance
Calculate the power output and enter all the measured values into the tables
53
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, separately excited
350 350
P2/W
Ug/V
300 300
250 250
200 200
150 150
100 100
50 50
0 0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Ig/A
350 350
P2/W
Ug/V
300 300
250 250
200 200
150 150
100 100
50 50
0 0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Ig/A
54
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, self-excited
DC shunt-wound generator,
self-excited
Over the next few pages you will be conducting exercises on a "self-
excited DC shunt-wound generator":
55
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, self-excited
56
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, self-excited
More detailed information regarding the brake can be found in the corresponding
online documentation
57
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, self-excited
58
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, self-excited
Required settings:
59
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, self-excited
Experiment procedure:
Put the generator into operation by running the drive motor up to a speed of
approx. 2000 rpm
Measure the generator voltage UG and enter this into the box corresponding to
the rotation direction
Now reverse the rotation direction of the drive motor
Finally measure the generator voltage UG again and enter this value again into
the corresponding box
The amplitude of the generator voltage is the same for
both rotation directions
When rotating clockwise the ampltiude of the generator
voltage is the highest
For both rotation directions the generator voltage is zero
During clockwise rotation the amplitude of the generator
voltage is somewhat lower than for anti-clockwise
rotation
60
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, self-excited
More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation
61
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, self-excited
62
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, self-excited
63
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, self-excited
Required settings:
Experiment procedure:
64
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, self-excited
100 1.0
P2/W
Ig/A
90 0.9
80 0.8
70 0.7
60 0.6
50 0.5
40 0.4
30 0.3
20 0.2
10 0.1
0 0.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
U/V
Select those statements that are true about the load characteristic
P2 is dependent on the load resistor
As R(A) rises P2 also increases continuously
More than one
The characteristics for P2 & IG have the same pattern in
answer may
terms of their curve
be correct
The generator voltage UG drops with increasing load
The armature current is constant
65
EEM2 DC machines
DC shunt-wound generators, self-excited
66
EEM2 DC machines
DC series-wound motors
DC series-wound motors
Over the next few pages you will be conducting the following exercises
on "DC series-wound motors":
67
EEM2 DC machines
DC series-wound motors
68
EEM2 DC machines
DC series-wound motors
Note: setting of the DC power supply unit can only be carried out when the motor
is connected
More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation
69
EEM2 DC machines
DC series-wound motors
70
EEM2 DC machines
DC series-wound motors
71
EEM2 DC machines
DC series-wound motors
Required settings:
Brake mode: "Torque Control" ( Note: The brake should definitely be active)
Starter: minimum value (0 )
DC power supply unit: 220 V
Multimeter measurement method: arithmetic mean
Experiment procedure:
Make sure that the motor is not operated without any load, as otherwise the
motor could start to "race"
=P2/P1
What is the efficiency "" of the series-wound motor with a nominal load?
= ____% approx.
72
EEM2 DC machines
DC series-wound motors
Required settings:
Experiment procedure:
1.0 2500
I/A
n /(1/min)
0.9 2400
0.8 2300
0.7 2200
0.6 2100
0.5 2000
0.4 1900
0.3 1800
0.2 1700
0.1 1600
0.0 1500
150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250
U/V
73
EEM2 DC machines
DC series-wound motors
74
EEM2 DC machines
DC series-wound motors
75
EEM2 DC machines
DC series-wound motors
Note: setting of the DC power supply unit can only be performed with the motor
connected
76
EEM2 DC machines
DC series-wound motors
77
EEM2 DC machines
DC series-wound motors
Required settings:
78
EEM2 DC machines
DC series-wound motors
Experiment procedure:
Make sure that the motor is not operated without any load, as otherwise it could
"race"
The motor rotates anti-clockwise
The motor rotates clockwise
79
EEM2 DC machines
DC series-wound motors
The motor rotates clockwise
The motor rotates counterclockwise
80
EEM2 DC machines
DC series-wound motors
Note: setting of the DC power supply unit can only be performed when the motor
is connected
More detailed information regarding the brake can be found in the corresponding
online documentation
81
EEM2 DC machines
DC series-wound motors
82
EEM2 DC machines
DC series-wound motors
83
EEM2 DC machines
DC series-wound motors
Required setting:
Brake:
Industrial series: "PC Mode"
Experiment procedure:
84
EEM2 DC machines
DC series-wound motors
85
EEM2 DC machines
DC series-wound motors
Which of the following statements regarding the load graphs are true?
The exciter field and the armature current are low when
the loads are also low
The armature current increases linearly with the load
The efficiency "" is constant More than one
The speed is inversely proportional to the torque answer may
Under low load the speed and armature current levels be correct
increase
The rotation speed drops off severely with increasing
load
Without a load the speed drops off at a rapid rate
Without a load the motor can start to "race"
86
EEM2 DC machines
DC compound-wound motors
87
EEM2 DC machines
DC compound-wound motors
88
EEM2 DC machines
DC compound-wound motors
89
EEM2 DC machines
DC compound-wound motors
Note: setting of the DC power supply unit can only be performed when the motor
is connected
More detailed information regarding the brake can be found in the corresponding
online documentation
90
EEM2 DC machines
DC compound-wound motors
91
EEM2 DC machines
DC compound-wound motors
Required settings:
Brake:
Industrial series: "PC Mode"
Experiment procedure:
92
EEM2 DC machines
DC compound-wound motors
93
EEM2 DC machines
DC compound-wound motors
94
EEM2 DC machines
DC compound-wound motors
95
EEM2 DC machines
DC compound-wound motors
96
EEM2 DC machines
DC compound-wound motors
97
EEM2 DC machines
DC compound-wound motors
100% shunt-wound/70% series-wound
100% shunt-wound/100% series-wound
100% shunt-wound/30% series-wound
Based on the graphs, which statements are true of the compound wound motor?
The speed of the compound-wound motor under load
drops more severely than for the shunt-wound motor
regardless of the compound winding ratios
The compound-wound motor can start to "race" in
the no-load state just like the series-wound motor
The higher the series-wound component, the lower the
speed drop under load More than one
The smaller the series-wound component, the lower the answer may
speed drop under load be correct
If the polarity of the series-wound winding is reversed,
the speed increases, due to the fact that the shunt-
wound winding is weakened
When the polarity is reversed in the series-wound
winding, the speed increases because the field of the
shunt wound winding is amplified
98
EEM2 DC machines
Copyright
Congratulations!
This is the last page. You have completed the course "EEM 2 DC
machines".
If changes have been performed in a manner which was not strictly authorised by
the LUCAS-NLLE GmbH, any product liability or warranty claims pertaining thereto
are null and void.
99
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www.lucas-nuelle.de