Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Assessment
Purpose
Cardiorespiratory Determine level of fitness & set goals
Develop safe & effective exercise
Fitness prescription
Document improvements
Motivation
Provide info concerning health status

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Health Related
Low levels Related to the ability to perform large
d risk of premature death muscle, dynamic, moderate-to-high intensity
s exercise for prolonged periods.
reduction of death from all causes Performance depends on
High levels Respiratory
high levels of PA & better health
Cardiovascular
Skeletal muscles

Measuring Cardiovascular
Measuring Cardiovascular
Endurance (Aerobic Capacity) Endurance (Aerobic Capacity)

Best Measure? VO2max

VO2max Measure
O2 uptake Pulmonary Estimate
O2 transport Cardiac Laboratory Tests
O2 utilization - Muscular Field Tests

1
 Measuring Aerobic Capacity

Laboratory Methods
Measures of Maximal Exercise Capacity
Maximal Oxygen Consumption

Submaximal estimations
Astrand Rhyming Nomogram
YMCA Cycle Protocol

Linear Relationships Among Measuring Aerobic Capacity

VO2, HR. & Workload
Field Methods
Distance runs
1 Mile Run
1.5 Mile Run
12 Minute Run
6 Minute Walk
Rockport 1-Mile Walk Test

Measuring Aerobic Capacity Measuring Aerobic Capacity

Field Methods
Laboratory Tests
Step tests
YMCA 3-Minute Step Test Vs.
Field Methods
Predicting VO2max w/o exercise
VO2max = 50.513 + 1.589 * self-reported physical activity
.0289 * age in yrs - .552 & %Fat + 5.836 * gender
Advantages/Disadvantages??
(female = 0; male = 1)

2
 Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Which test?
Time demands
Expense or costs
Personnel needed (i.e., qualifications)
Equipment & facilities needed
Physician supervision needed
Population tested (safety concerns)
Need for accuracy of data
Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Field or Submaximal Tests
disadvantages
Maximum measures estimated
VO2max prediction error can be 10-20%
Limited diagnostic capabilities
Limited for exercise prescription
Assumptions of Submax
Tests
Measurements made in steady state
Linear relationship b/n HR & VO2
HRmax similar at same age
Mechanical efficiency same
Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Field or Submaximal Tests advantages
Less expensive
Does not need same level of clinical supervision
Lower risk
Less sensitive & specific for disease detection
Less equipment
Generally shorter
In lab tests can assess a workload progression
Estimates of VO2
Standard Procedures
(must be followed)
Standard testing protocol
Same modality & protocol repeat testing
Constant pedal rate
Seat height
Time of day
Data collection standardized & consistent
Subjects free of infection normal sinus rhythm
Pre test instructions
Room Temperature (64-68O) air flow
Indications for Stopping an Exercise
Test in Low-Risk Adults
Angina-like symptoms
Drop (20 mmHg) in systolic BP or a failure
to rise
Excessive rise in BP
systolic pressure > 260 mmHg
diastolic pressure > 115 mmHg
Signs of poor perfusion
light-headedness, confusion, ataxia, pallor,
cyanosis, nausea, or cold & clammy skin
3
Indications for Stopping an Exercise
Test in Low-Risk Adults Measuring Aerobic Capacity
Criterion Based Reference
Failure of heart rate to Minimal levels of aerobic capacity associated
with a reduced risk of disease & death
Noticeable in heart rhythm
Females = VO2max of 31.5 ml/kg/min
Subject requests to stop
Males = VO2max of 35.0 ml/kg/min
Physical or verbal manifestations of
severe fatigue Norm Based Reference
Failure of the testing equipment

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Pre-Test Considerations

1. Abstain from eating prior (>4 hrs)
Field Tests
Complete a measured distance 2. Abstain from strenuous exercise (> 24 hrs)
Distance covered in a certain time 3. Abstain form caffeine (>12-24 hrs)
Submaximal Tests 4. Abstain from nicotine (> 3 hrs)
Step test
Single or multiple stage cycle test 5. Abstain from alcohol (> 24 hrs)
HR measure 6. Medications
Maximal Exertion
Graded or progressive exertion to volitional
fatigue (measure)

Step Tests 1.5 Mile Run

Queens College or McArdle Step Test Record total time to complete 1.5 miles
Step: ht = 16.25 in for 3 min VO2max = 3.5 + 483/time
Men: 24 steps/min; Time in nearest hundredth of min
Women: 22 steps/min
Radial pulse in 1st-5 sec, for 15 sec
Men: VO2max = 111.33 (0.42 * HR)
Women: VO2max = 65.81 (0.1847 * HR)

4
 12 Min Walk/Run
Cover maximum distance in 12 min
VO2max = (3.126 * meters) - 11.3
Submaximal Cycle
Ergometer Disadvantages
Non-familiar work mode
Must maintain cadence
Leg fatigue
Submaximal Prediction of
CRF Sources of Error
HRmax
Efficiency
Calibration
Accurate measurement of HR
HR at steady state
Submaximal Cycle
Ergometer Advantages
Non-weight bearing
Accurate workloads
Easy to measure HR & BP
Cost is lower than treadmill
Requires smaller space
No electricity needed
Submaximal Prediction of
CRF - Assumptions
B/n HR of 110-150
HRmax = 220-age
Steady State
Constant cadence
Cycle Ergometer Protocols (other)
Astrand-Rhyming Cycle Ergometer Test
Single Stage Test 6 minutes
Males unconditioned: 300 or 600 kgm/min
(50 or 100 watts)
Males conditioned: 600 or 900 kgm/min (100
or 150 watts)
Females unconditioned: 300 or 450 kgm/min
(50 or 75 watts)
Females conditioned: 450 or 600 kgm/min
(75 or 100 watts)
5
Cycle Ergometer Protocols (other) Treadmill Testing
Astrand-Rhyming Cycle Ergometer Test
(cont) Not usually used for submaximal testing
50 rpm Range of efficiencies is so high
Goal HR b/n 125 to 170 measured during Would not recommend but can be
5th & 6th minutes average the 2 HRs for done
nomogram
Nomogram page 73 (Figure 4-1)
Age adjustment page 72

Step Tests Field Tests

Astrand-Rhyming Rockport 1-mile walk Test
Single step height 33 cm for HR at end
women, 40 cm for men VO2max (ml/kg/min) = 132.9 0.17 (body mass
Rate = 22.5 steps/min for 6 minutes in kg) 0.39 (age in yrs) + 6.3 (gender) - 3.26
(time in min) 0.16 (HR)
YMCA Protocol
1.5-mile run test
12 in 24 steps/min VO2max (ml/kg/min) = 3.5 + 483/(time in min)
1 min - Recovery heart rate