NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM SPINAL CORD

INTRODUCTION Location: Vertebral Canal; extends from medulla

The Neurologic system is divided into two parts: oblongata to first lumbar vertebra
Central Nervous System Conducts sensory impulses up ascending tracts
Peripheral Nervous System to the brain
Conducts motor impulses down descending
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM is composed of the brain tracts to neurons that stimulate glands and
and spinal cord. muscles throughout the body
The brain and spinal cord is covered by meninges. Responsible for simple reflex activity
Meninges have three layers: Reflex Activity
1. Dura mater Stretch reflex the simplest type of reflex arc
Subdural space (involves sensory [afferent] neuron and motor
2. Arachnoid mater [efferent] neuron and one synapse)
Subarachnoid space o Example: Knee jerk
3. Pia mater
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM consists of 12 pairs of
Cerebrospinal fluid formed in the ventricles of the cranial nerve and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
brain and flows through the ventricles into the space These nerves are categorized as two types of fibers:
(subarachnoid space) 1. Somatic carry CNS impulses to voluntary
Cushions the brain and spinal cord skeletal muscles
Nourishes the CNS 2. Autonomic carry CNS impulses to smooth,
Removes waste material involuntary muscles

BRAIN CRANIAL NERVES

CN I Olfactory Sensory Smell impulses
CN II Optic Sensory Visual impulses
CN III Occulomotor Motor Eye movements
Inferomedial eye
CN IV Trochlear Motor
movements
Sensory
CN V Trigeminal Mixed
Location: Cranial Cavity impulses of face
Four major divisions: Lateral eye
CN VI Abducens Motor
1. Cerebrum movement
2. Diencephalon Taste on
3. Brain stem CN VII Facial Mixed anterior 2/3 of
tongue.
4. Cerebellum
Cerebrum CN VIII Acoustic Sensory
Hearing and
Right Hemisphere joined by balance
Left Hemisphere corpus callosum CN IX Glossopharyngeal Mixed Gag reflex
4 Lobes: Frontal, Parietal, Temporal and
Sensations from
Occipital CN X Vagus Mixed throat, larynx,
Diencephalon heart, etc.
Thalamus Innervates neck
CN XI Accessory Motor
Hypothalamus muscles
Brain Stem CN XII Hypoglossal Motor
Innervates
Midbrain tongue muscles
Pons
Medulla Oblongata SPINAL NERVES
Cerebellum 8 cervical 5 sacral
12 thoracic 1 coccygeal
Right Hemisphere
5 lumbar
Left Hemisphere