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2012
SOLUTIONS
STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
CREDIT DERIVATIVES 7
Credit Default Swaps
CDS Contracts
What happens if a Credit Event occurs?
CREDIT RISK 8
Definition of a Credit Event
RECOVERY VALUE 9
Under Normal Circumstances
In Exceptional Cases
FIRST TO DEFAULT 12
Exposure to FTD in a Basket
Correlation is Key
INVESTMENT CHARACTERISTICS 13
Redemption & Coupon Settlement Conditions
FUNDING SUPPORT 17
Funding Support for New Issues
Restructuring Solutions for Existing Products
CREDIT INDICES 18
Overview of Credit Indices
INDEX TRANCHES 20
Exposure to a specific risk segment
3
STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
SOCIETE GENERALE
GROUP
Well Diversified & Financially Solid
A financial institution relying on solid fundamentals to meet clients needs
Present in 83 countries, 157,000 employees, 128nationalities, over 30 million clients worldwide.
A robust Group
Basel II Tier 1 ratio of 10.7%* and Core Tier 1 ratio of 9.9%*
Net income 2011: EUR 2.38 billion
*
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STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
Provides global strategy on debt instruments (bonds, ABS, CDS and derivatives)
Daily
-- Credit Market Wrap Up
-- Asian Credit Wrap
-- Credit News
-- Corporate News
Weekly
-- Weekly ABS snapshot
-- Euro Credit Weekly
-- Weekly sector reviews
Special reports
-- Credit Outlook
-- Credit Strategy Outlook
-- Euro Credit Quarterly
5
STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
CREDIT MARKET
OVERVIEW
Bonds and loans have existed for centuries providing basic forms of cash-based credit, but Credit Default
Swaps (CDS) and structured products on CDS emerged in the last decade and have since exploded in
volume outstanding.
MARKET ACCESS
PRIMARY CHARACTERISTICS
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STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
CREDIT DERIVATIVES
CDS Contracts
CDS contracts are the most basic and popular credit derivative instruments. The two parties of the agreement transfer
the credit risk of the Reference Entity from one to the other without transferring any tangible asset: only the credit risk
is being transferred.
Therefore, a CDS contract is similar to an insurance contract against the credit risk of the third party (i.e. the Reference Entity):
CDS Basic Structure
Credit Risk
Premium
(CDS Spread)
REFERENCE Protection Protection
ENTITY Buyer Seller
Payment contingent upon default:
Loss = (1 Recovery Rate)
Protection
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STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
CREDIT RISK
The Credit Risk of a Reference Entity (corporate or government) can be thought of as the risk that it will
experience a Credit Event over a predefined time horizon.
The definition of a Credit Event is standardised across all counterparties in the credit market as per the
terms defined by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA).
The above list of Credit Events is not exhaustive. The definitions given are indicative descriptions; please refer to the
ISDA website (www.isda.org) for the legal definitions.
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STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
RECOVERY VALUE
DETERMINING THE RECOVERY VALUE
When a Credit Event occurs, a Recovery Value is determined as per the predefined ISDA process in
order to settle outstanding CDS contracts.
The Recovery Value is the final price of a CDS after a Credit Event has occurred, and is linked to the value
of the Deliverable Bonds of the CDS contract.
1
Credit Event Notice
A Credit Event Notice is sent to the affected Note holders of the Reference Entity once Societe
Generale has sufficient official evidence to determine that a Credit Event has indeed taken place
2
Settlement Protocol & The Official List
A pool of major dealers organise a Settlement Protocol, supervised by ISDA, forms a list (TheOfficial
List) of Deliverable Obligations of the Reference Entity
The Auction & Recovery Value
3 The dealers hold an auction (monitored by ISDA) to determine the average price of the Deliverable
Obligations. The Recovery Value (R) then corresponds to this average price expressed in %:
R=Average Price
In Exceptional Cases
ISDA might not be able to hold an auction, Societe Generale will then determine
therecovery value
1
Selected Obligation Notice
At least four days before requesting price quotes from dealers, Societe Generale sends out
theSelected Obligation Notice specifying on which obligation(s) the auction will be organised
2
Quotations
Societe Generales trading desk asks for quotes from at least five different dealers on each obligation
listed in the Selected Obligation Notice
Recovery Value
3 The Recovery Value is determined based on the weighted average of the quotations obtained
The Recovery Value (R) then corresponds to this weighted average price in %:
R=WeightedAverage Price
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STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
CLIENT DRIVEN
INVESTMENT SOLUTIONS
Replicating Bonds Via Credit Derivatives
Credit Default Swaps provide investors the ability to replicate bonds and gain exposure to specific issuers, including
those that issue little debt in the primary market.
Additionally, investors are able to tailor their exposure in terms of currency, maturity or payoff in ways that may not exist
in the bond market.
Synthetic Re plication
Vanilla Bond
(Credit Linked Note )
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STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
CLN Spread
SOCIETE
INVESTORS CDS MARKET
GENERALE
100 CDS on 100
100 SG Funding
SG FUNDING
On the Issue Date, the investor buys the CLN at par value (the CDS Notional N). As a note holder, he is entitled to
receive the coupons linked to the credit risk of the underlying, depending on the chosen Coupon Settlement Condition.
At maturity:
If no Credit Event has occurred since inception, the Notes are redeemed at par value on the maturity date
If a Credit Event has occurred since inception, the Notes are redeemed by paying the Recovery Value (R x N) to
the note holder on a date depending on the chosen Redemption Settlement Condition. The investor bears a loss of
[ (1-R) x N ]. In a worst case scenario, investors could lose their entire investment.
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STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
FIRST TO DEFAULT
A First-to-Default (FTD) is a Credit Linked Note where the credit risk is entirely focused on the first Credit
Event to occur among a basket of Reference Entities.
SG FUNDING
FTD Risk
FTD Spread
Protection Buyer Protection Seller
Payment contingent upon first default:
1 Recovery Rate (1)
Protection
1. Based on the first entity within the basket to experience a Credit Event
Correlation is Key
High correlation between names means that they are all likely to experience a Credit Event within the same period
of time. Therefore, high correlation means that exposure to the FTD is similar to exposure to the weakest name (i.e.
highest CDS level).
0% Correlation Mild Correlation 100% Correlation
E2 E2 E2
E1 E1
E1
FTD Spread
Sum of Spreads Max of Spreads
+ Return
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STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
INVESTMENT
HARACTERISTICS
C
Redemption & Coupon Settlement Conditions
Redemption Settlement Conditions Coupon Settlement Conditions
Determine when the redemption is paid Determine how the coupon will be paid
American: The redemption is paid at maturity if Accrued At Default: The coupon stops being accrued
no Credit Event occurs (Redemption = Nominal), when a Credit Event occurs, and the last accrued
otherwise it is paid upon the occurrence of the Credit coupon is paid on the coupon payment date following
Event (Redemption = Nominal x R*) the Credit Event Determination Date
European: The redemption is paid at maturity whether Paid Up To Default: The coupon stops being paid on
or not a Credit Event has occurred. the Coupon Payment Date preceding the Credit Event
(Redemption = Nominal x R* upon the occurrence of Determination Date, therefore no accrued coupon is
a Credit Event) paid to investors thereafter
Paid Always: The coupon is paid until maturity, even
if a Credit Event occurs
* R = Recovery Value
The definitions above are purely indicative. For further information, please
refer to the ISDA rules: www.isda.org
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STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
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STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
100 SG Funding
SG FUNDING
On the Issue Date, the investor buys the BLN at par value. As a note holder, he is entitled to receive the coupons
linked to the Reference Obligation, depending on the chosen parameters:
At maturity:
If no Bond Event has occurred since inception, the Notes are redeemed at par value on the maturity date
If a Bond Event has occurred since inception, the Notes are redeemed by paying the Recovery Value of the
Reference Bond (R x N) to the note holder on a date depending on the chosen Redemption Settlement Condition.
The investor bears a loss of [ (1-R) x N ]
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STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
Exposed to the risk of the Exposed to the credit risk of Exposed to the credit risk of
issuer on the specific bond(s) both the Issuer of the CLN and both the Issuer of the BLN and
Credit Risk
purchased the Reference Entity the issuer of the Reference
Bond
Exposed to the risk of the Exposed to the Reference Exposed to the credit risk of
specific bond(s) purchased Entitys credit risk on all the specific Reference Bond of
debt instruments issued or the BLN
guarantees provided by the
Credit
Reference Entity
E xposure
If a Credit Event explicitly
defined by ISDA is triggered,
a recovery value is defined
according to ISDA protocol
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STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
FUNDING SUPPORT
SG Zero
SG Zero SG Zero Coupon
Coupon Coupon Bond
Bond Bond +
Credit
Derivative
0%
The investor purchases a Due to adverse market The product receives a
standard SG capital conditions the option loses new and lower strike, but is
guaranteed product most of its value now exposed to additional
The investor believes that credit risk and no longer
the market will rise again but enjoys a capital guarantee
not beyond the option strike
The figures used in this example are given for purely indicative purposes, the objective is to describe the mechanism of the product. It allows an
understanding of how the product would have performed at different market stages over previous years, but is no guarantee as to future returns
and has no contractual value.
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STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
CREDIT INDICES
iTraxx SovX WE
15Sovereign names from the Euro area plus Denmark,
Norway, Sweden, and the UK
Prospective investors should bear in mind some restrictive features, such as:
Standard Maturities: Similar to any bond, credit index investors do not choose the maturity of their investment.
They can choose among existing maturities (for example: 3, 5, 7 or 10 years for the iTraxx Main index)
Given Portfolio: Credit index investors do not choose the names composing the index
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STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
Quotation
Unlike equity indices, credit indices are not calculated they are quoted
A credit index is an OTC instrument (ruled by ISDA) quoted by market makers who give bid/ask prices. Therefore,
there is neither a clearing house nor an exchange.
The indices can also be bought directly. If the investor is long the index, he will pay the spread and get the loss payment
in the occurrence of a Credit Event.
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STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
INDEX TRANCHES
Tranches allow investors to gain exposure to a specific part of the loss distribution of an index, offering
protection in exchange for premia linked to different tranches.
100%
Super
senior
..
.
Basket of
Equally
Weighted
CDS Senior
6% Detachment Point
Mezzanine
3% Attachment Point
Equity Subordination
0%
(Protection)
The payoff profile of a tranche investment is similar to that of a put spread on losses
Tranche
100%
Payoff
0%
0% 3% 6%
Cumulative Loss
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STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
Cumulative Loss
to the European credit market. Protection
Investors are exposed to a tranche on the iTraxx (from 3%
to 6% for example), with annual coupons and the nominal
protected from the first few potential Credit Events in
Tranche
6% 100%
the index thanks to the initial protective cushion (3% in
Loss
Exposure
thisinstance). 3% 0%
Protection
0%
1 2 3
REAL LOSS PER CUMULATIVE LOSS
TRANCHE LOSS
CREDIT EVENT OF THE INDEX
100% 100%
Recovery
Value
Real
Loss
6%
3%
0% 0%
Real Loss = 1 Recovery Value Cumulative Loss* = 4.5% Tranche Loss** = 50%
The figures used in this example are given for purely indicative purposes, the objective is to describe the mechanism of the product. It allows an
understanding of how the product would have performed at different market stages over previous years, but is no guarantee as to future returns
and has no contractual value.
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STRUCTURED CREDIT
SOLUTIONS
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
The contents of this document are given for purely indicative
purposes and have no contractual value.
Credit risk: By acquiring the product, the investor takes a credit risk on the issuer and potentially the guarantor, i.e. the issuers and
potentially the guarantors insolvency may result in the partial or total loss of the invested amount.
For credit derivative transactions or credit linked notes, investors will also be exposed to the credit risk of the reference entity(ies) mentioned
in such product, i.e. the reference entity(ies)s insolvency may result in the partial or total loss of the invested amount.
Market risk: The product may at any time be subject to significant price movement, which may in certain cases lead to the loss of the entire
amount invested.
Liquidity risk: Certain exceptional market circumstances may have a negative effect on the liquidity of the product, and even render the
product entirely illiquid, which may make it impossible to sell the product and result in the partial or total loss of the invested amount.
Risks relating to unfavourable market conditions: The fluctuations in the marked-to-market value of the product may require the investor
to make provisions or resell the product in whole or in part before maturity, in order to enable the investor to comply with its contractual or
regulatory obligations. As a consequence, the investor may have to liquidate the product under unfavourable market conditions, which may
result in the partial or total loss of the invested amount. This risk will be even higher if the product includes leverage.
Authorisation: Socit Gnrale is a French credit institution (bank) authorised by the Autorit de Contrle Prudentiel (the French Prudential
Control Authority).
No offer to contract: This document does not constitute an offer, or an invitation to make an offer, from Socit Gnrale to purchase or
sell a product.
Prior to investing in the product, investors should seek independent financial, tax, accounting and legal advice.
Information on data and/or figures drawn from external sources: The accuracy, completeness or relevance of the information which has
been drawn from external sources is not guaranteed although it is drawn from sources reasonably believed to be reliable. Subject to any
applicable law, Socit Gnrale shall not assume any liability in this respect.
Market information: The market information displayed in this document is based on data at a given moment and may change from time
totime.
iTraxx is a registered trade mark of International Index Company Limited (IICL) and has been licensed for the use by Societe Generale.
IICL does not approve, endorse or recommend Societe Generale or iTraxx derivatives products. iTraxx derivatives products are
derived from a source considered reliable, but neither IICL nor any of its employees, suppliers, subcontractors and agents (together
iTraxx Associates) guarantees the veracity, completeness or accuracy of iTraxx derivatives products or other information furnished in
connection with iTraxx derivatives products. No representation, warranty or condition, express or implied, statutory or otherwise, as to
condition, satisfactory quality, performance, or fitness for purpose are given or assumed by IICL or any of the iTraxx Associates in respect
of iTraxx derivatives products or any data included in such iTraxx derivatives products or the use by any person or entity of iTraxx
derivatives products or that data and all those representations, warranties and conditions are excluded save to the extent that such
exclusion is prohibited by law. None of IICL nor any of the iTraxx Associates shall have any liability or responsibility to any person or entity
for any loss, damages, costs, charges, expenses or other liabilities whether caused by the negligence of IICL or any of the iTraxx Associates
or otherwise, arising in connection with the use of iTraxx derivatives products or the iTraxx indices.
22
CROSS ASSET
2012
SOLUTIONS
Ref. (A) 711787 Studio Socit Gnrale +33 (0)1 42 14 27 05 - 07/2012 - Photos: Getty, Fotolia.
SOCIT GNRALE
Socit Anonyme au capital de: 970 099 988,75 EUR
552120222 R.C.S. Paris