typically thermal overload or RTD temperature (1) Low oil level in reservoir: (device 71) level
measurement. However, more refined protec- switch
tion can be obtained with the Basler 81O/U over/under frequency relay. Time delay settings (2) Low oil pressure: (device 63) pressure of 20-30 seconds will allow it to ride though switch transient conditions without nuisance tripping. (3) Reduced oil flow: (device 80) flow switch Many utility substations are equipped with underfrequency load shedding relays to reduce (4) High temperature: (device 38) thermo- the system load during a loss of generation and couples or resistance temperature detector subsequent decay in system frequency. Large motor loads connected to the distribution (5) Rate of temperature rise substation may interfere with the normal opera- tion of the underfrequency relay by allowing it to (6) Vibration (used on motors with anti-friction see a decline in frequency without a complete bearings in place of thermal devices) loss of voltage. This can happen when the distribution bus is disconnected from the supply Large motor bearings are usually monitored by transformer and the underfrequency relay is a resistance temperature detector (RTD) which connected to the distribution bus. The relay will can be used as one of the inputs to the Basler then see the residual voltage from the motor MPS200 or 210 relay. The dual-setpoint of the load and may operate incorrectly. Relocating RTD function of the MPS allows for alarm and the underfrequency voltage transformer to the trip settings at two different temperatures. high side of the supply transformer or adding additional time delay to the underfrequency time 4. BUS TRANSFER AND RECLOSING delay may solve the problem. Many motor busses are critical to process or 3.4 Mechanical or Process Protection plant operation and, therefore, must be main- tained if at all possible. For static loads, high 3.4.1 Undercurrent speed reclosing or transfer to an alternate source is appropriate. Motor loads require We generally think of protective relays as special considerations. When the motor is devices that protect electrical equipment. In the disconnected from the voltage supply, the case of motor protection, there may be times voltage at the motor terminals does not go to when they are used to protect the process. For zero. The machine generates a voltage at its example, the water pumping station that is open-circuited terminals that decays with time. intended to operate continuously at 90% of full A fast reclose applies the full bus supply voltage load current. If the pump were to be damaged, in series with the residual motor voltage, pro- lose its prime, or the shaft break, the load on ducing a total winding voltage that can be the motor would be drastically reduced. The dangerously high. Capacitors in the circuit only Basler MPS relay monitors for undercurrent or make the situation worse. under power conditions. These elements are not in service until the motor is running and can be A second complication is the decay in motor set to detect these loss-of-load conditions to speed with respect to the supply system. The alarm or trip. frequency of the residual voltage in the motor will be a decaying value of frequency as the motor begins to slow down. The worst case 3.4.2 Bearing Protection could be nearly 2.0 per unit voltage and 180 degrees out of phase with the supply voltage. To minimize damage caused by bearing failure, The possibility of damage exists for local protective devices should be used to sound an reclosing of the motor, high side reclosing from alarm or de-energize the motor. Bearing protec- the utility, transferring to an alternate source, or tive devices responsive to one or more of the reduced voltage motor starting; they all mean following conditions may be included: the motor will be re-energized after some dead time and the same principles apply.