Multiphase LBM for the jetting of liquids

J.L. Lopez F. Toschi

26 June, 2017
Parameters for piezo inkjet printing

Parameter Symbol SI (m, kg, s) [q]

Density of liquid l 1.0 103 ML3
Radius of nozzle Rn 10.0 - 90.0 106 L
Velocity at the nozzle Un 5.0 - 15.0 LT 1
Surface tension 20.0 - 140.0 103 MT 2
Viscosity 1.0 - 50.0 103 ML1 T 1

Table: Parameters in SI units.

Un Rn Un2 Rn We
Re = We = Oh = = (1)
Re Rn
Dimensionless space

Figure: Reynolds Re, Weber We, and Ohnesorge Oh.

Diagram of stable operation regime

10 1

10 0
Oh

10 -1

10 -2
10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3
Re

Figure: Stable regime for DoD.

 10 1

Point Re We Oh

10 0
+ 3.75 9.73 0.83
x 18.18 210.53 0.80
Oh

Square 19.70 8.99 0.15

Triangle 89.26 136.58 0.13
10 -1
* 75.00 21.43 0.06

Table: Dimensionless numbers of

10 -2
10 0 10 1
10 2
10 3 the points.
Re

Figure: Points in the

dimensionless space.
 Coexistence curve
3
liquid-2D
gas-2D
2.5 liquid-3D
gas-3D
liquid ratio
2

Density [ML 3]
-
gas ratio

1.5

0.5

0
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8
kupershtokh temperature

Coexistence curve Coexistence curve

350 9
Density ratio 2D surface tension 2D
Density ratio 3D 8 surface tension 3D
300
ratio * 100 ratio
7

Surface tension [MT 2]

250
-
Density ratio [1]

6
200 5

150 4

3
100
2
50
1

0 0
0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8
Kupershtokh temperature kupershtokh temperature

Figure: parameters in Lattice Units [LU]

 10 1

10 0
Oh

Re 24
10 -1 Oh 0.05
Radius of nozzle [m] 10.00 106
Velocity at the nozzle [m s 1 ] 5.00
Density liquid [kg m3 ] 1.00 103
10 -2
10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 Density vapor [kg m3 ] 54.29
Re Surface tension [kg s 2 ] 1.65 101
Viscosity [kg m1 s 1 ] 2.08 103

Table: Parameters of the jet in

SI.

Figure: Jetting in SI.

 r
2
Wo = Rn = 7.9583 (2)

un (t) = Un exp 2 (t)2 cos [(t)]

 
(3)

0.1
5
0.08
4
0.06
3

[LU]
[m/s]

0.04
2

n
0.02
n

Velocity U
Velocity U

0 0

-1 -0.02

-2 -0.04

-3 -0.06

-4 -0.08
0 1 2 3 4 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Time steps [s] 10 -5 Time steps [LU] 10 4

Figure: Velocity pulses.

 CM trajectory for diff contact angles
119.5
90 - 90

119.4
90 - 102

119.3

90 - 116

Center of mass in Y [LU]

119.2

119.1
90 - 132

119

118.9

118.8 90 - 151

118.7
430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530
Center of mass in X [LU]

CM trajectory for diff contact angles

120

119
90 - 90

118

117
Center of mass in Y [LU]

116
36 - 102

115
36 - 116

114
36 - 132

113

36 - 151
112

111
420 440 460 480 500 520 540
Center of mass in X [LU]

Figure: Deviation of the center of mass.

 0.11

0.1

0.09

0.08

Deviation angle [degrees]

0.07

0.06

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01
100 110 120 130 140 150 160
Contact angle [degrees]

1.1

1.05

0.95
Deviation angle [degrees]

0.9

0.85

0.8

0.75

0.7

0.65
100 110 120 130 140 150 160
Contact angle [degrees]

Figure: Deviation angles.

 -6 Neutral wetting 90 [degrees]
10
6
Nozzle to substrate 1 mm
Nozzle to substrate 2 mm
Nozzle to substrate 3 mm
5

Deviations [m]
3

0
100 110 120 130 140 150 160
Contact angle [degrees]

10 -5 Neutral wetting 90 [degrees]

6
Nozzle to substrate 1 mm
Nozzle to substrate 2 mm
5.5
Nozzle to substrate 3 mm

4.5

4
Deviations [m]

3.5

2.5

1.5

1
100 110 120 130 140 150 160
Contact angle [degrees]

Figure: Deviation in the drop deposition.