IDENTIFICATION

1. It is defined as a point at which the deflection curve of a plate is

abruptly changed in a step-like form by the effect of a very rigid
member landing on the plate.
2. Tests have demonstrated that this part of structural components
which penetrate and welded to plating do not weaken the plating
as diaphragm, and may be spaced closely as working clearances
permit.
3. Its basic principle is to reduce the crack-driving force to a
magnitude lower than the resisting force that must be overcome to
extend a crack.
4. It refers to those structures fitted to support and secure equipment to
the main hull structure.
5. They are fin-like structures fitted along the outside of the shell plating
near the turn of the bilge and extending throughout the midship
portion of ship to reduce rolling.
6. They are rubbing strips of various kinds and has the purpose of which
is to prevent local damage to the shell and framing as a result of
contact with piers, quays, locks or vessel alongside.
7. It is a ship hull design and construction method where the bottom of
the ship has two complete layers of watertight hull surface.
8. They are potential sources of structural failure.
9. According to 1967 ISSC, this occurs when a structure is damaged so
badly that it can no longer fulfill its function.
10. Its design is directed toward the prevention of the transmission
of vibration from the propeller into the hull.
11. It is defined as a function of the total volume of all enclosed
spaces of the ship in the 1969 Convention. Gross tonnage
12. Determine the gross tonnage formula of a ship and define
each variable.
GT = KV, where:
V = the total volume of all enclosed spaces in cubic meters (m)
K = 0.2 + 0.02logV
13. It is defined primarily as a function of the volume of cargo
spaces and the number of passengers in the 1969 Convention. Net
tonnage
4d 2
14. Determine the formula for net tonnage NT. NT = K 2 Vc ( ) +
3D
3 N1 N2
K ( + )
1 10
15. It should be noted that the Tonnage Conference adopted the
logarithmic coefficients K and K in order to produce curves
reasonably representing plots of molded volumes against gross
tonnages and cargo cubics against net tonnages as contained in
data. Tonnage Coefficient
16. It permits a reduction of NT for those vessels with high
freeboards and in effect maintains varying degrees the shelter deck
or GT tonnage mark concept in previous regulations without any
structural requirements. Draft To Depth Ratio
17. According to the national systems it was developed to convert
the molded volume in cubic meters to a numerical value
approximating the gross tonnage computed. K coefficient
18. Define in the net tonnage formula. = 1.25 ( GT + 10,000) /
10,000
19. Its desire is to establish uniform principles and rules with respect
to the determination of tonnage of ships engaged on international
voyages. International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of
Ships, 1969 (ICTM, 1969)
20. This can be approximated as the product of the length,
breadth and height of deck structures or by using the volume from a
vessel with a similar size crew. Volume of the houses or enclosed
spaces above the weather deck (VH)
21. A process that improved the quality and gradually reduced
the cost of steel.
( open hearth process )
22. What is the L/D ratio of a smaller ship?
(16)
23. In this system of framing, Fig. 6, the bottom plating, and often
the deck plating, and often the deck plating are longitudinally
framed, while the sides are transversely framed.
(Combination Framing )
 24. This system consists of a series of closely spaced ribs girding the
ship.
(Transverse Framing )
25. In this system, the ribs are replaced by a series of closely
spaced, longitudinal frames supported transversely by bulkheads
and widely spaced, deep web frames.
(Longitudinal Framing)
26. It is fitted throughout, between the forepeak and afterpeak
bulkheads.
(double bottom)
27. They carried coal largely, and were towed in tandem on long
hawsers, several barges to a tow.
(ocean barges)
28. One which tends to depress the ship amidships, inducing
compression in the deck and tension in the bottom.
(sagging moment)
29. One which tends to depress the ends of the ship, inducing
tension in the deck and compression in the bottom.
(hogging moment)
30. The first builders of iron ships routinely continued to use the
__________ of framing.
(transverse system)

31. It is derived from the word tun which was a wine cask. -TON

32. It is not a weight measure but a volume measure. -TONNAGE

33. It is the remainder when the sum of the tonnages of non-revenue
spaces is subtracted from the gross tonnage.- NET TONNAGE
34. Provides for the assignment and recognition of open-shelter-deck
tonnages for a full scantling vessel without tonnage openings.-TONNAGE
MARK SCHEME
35. The freeboard is calculated and the load line assigned with the upper
deck as the freeboard deck and a tonnage mark is placed on each side
a prescribed distance below the second deck.-DUAL TONNAGE
ASSIGNMENT
36. The second deck is used as the freeboard deck and the tonnage
mark is fixed at the upper level of the load line grid.-SINGLE LOW
TONNAGE ASSIGNMENT
37. Used to determine the applicability of provisions of treaties, laws and
regulations and a bases for assessing charges, fees, and duties. -
TONNAGES
38. In developing this method, the total volume of the British merchant
fleet in cubic feet was determined.-MOORSOM SYSTEM
39-40.Two tonnages which are interest to the international community
1. Represent the overall size of a vessel
2. Represent its carrying capacity