Mendoza, Julie Anne Mae S. Dec.

8, 2015
III-11 Prof. Abiog
The Development of National Consciousness
1. Enumerate and explain the contributory factors that helped develop Filipino national consciousness.

a. Economy- Trading in the Philippines became increasingly profitable. More and more foreign merchants
and businessmen came to the colony, bringing with them a lot of progressive ideas. The Filipinos not
only gained more knowledge about the world at large but also gained the desire for freedom and
improvement in their lives.
b.Education- During the administration of Governor-General Jose Raon, a royal order from Spain, which
stated that every village or barrio must have a school and a teacher, was implemented. The
implementation of the order expanded the reach of basic education during the Spanish era. Also, during
the 18th century, modern agricultural tools made many people leave farming for pursuing academic and
intellectual courses. After the arrival of Buen Consejo, the Philippines had more direct contact to Europe
and the ideas circulating . Thus, the Philippines was influenced by the principles during the Age of
Enlightenment and radical changes during the French Revolution.
c. Secularization of Parishes- By royal decree on February 27, 1767, King Carlos III ordered the Jesuits
to be expelled from Spain, and from all her colonies. The decree reached the Philippines in early 1768,
wherein Governor-General Raon tried to do the Jesuits a favor by delaying the implementation of the
royal order in exchange of bribes. This gave the Jesuit friars to hide all of their possessions and destroy
documents that could be held against them, which were supposed to be confiscated. Because of this, the
minds of Filipinos were enlightened and made them realize that we have to fight back.

2. What were the objectives of the Propaganda Movement?

The propaganda movement objectives were to seek:
Recognition of the Philippines as a province of Spain
Equal status for both Filipinos and Spaniards
Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes
Secularization of Philippine parishes.
Recognition of human rights

3. Explain the themes of the major propaganda writings.

- The themes of propaganda writings are mainly about reforms and exposure of Spanish friars and
governments greediness and unjust treatment to Filipinos. Their writings wanted to awaken every
Filipinos about what is really happening in the country to be able to fight for our rights and for our
freedom.

4. Was the campaign for reforms a success? A failure? Explain.

- The campaign for reform was a failure because the Spanish leaders were ambitious and somewhat
greedy. They only did some reforms for their own interests. It also failed because of lack of fund. The
reformists do not have enough funds to support the movement and make it more effective. Lastly, the
campaign failed due to internal conflicts and lack of unity among some members of the movement.

5. Identify or explain the following:

a. Secularization Movement- is a movement headed by the three martyr priest, GomBurZa, wherein they
advocated the right of the Filipino secular clergy over the assignment of parishes rather than giving
them to the newly arrived Spanish friars in the country.
b. Propaganda Movement- is a cultural organization formed in 1872 by Filipino expatriates in Europe.
c. Cavite Mutiny- it is a violent mutiny under the leadership of Sgt. Lamadrid which arise on the night
of January 20, 1872.Around 200 soldiers and laborers rose up in belief that it would elevate into a
national uprising. This mutiny was unsuccessful because it was suppressed two days later by troop
reinforcement from Manila. Sgt. Lamadrid was defeated by Felipe Ginoves. Later on, the Spanish
authorities discovered Jose Burgos as the mastermind of the incident together with Jacinto Zamora and
Mariano Gomez.
d. Spolarium- it is a painting made by Filipino artist Juan Luna. It was submitted to the Exposicion
Nacional de Bellas Artes in 1884 in Madrid where it garnered the first gold medal.
e. Diariong Tagalog- it is a bilingual newspaper founded by Marcelo H. Del Pilar in Manila in 1882.
f. La Solidaridad- this is a newspaper founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena in Barcelona, Spain on February
15, 1889. The aims of La Solidaridad are: to gather, to collect liberal ideas which are daily exposed in
the camp of politics, in the fields of science, arts, letters, commerce, agriculture and industry.
g. Fray Botod- Fray Botod, meaning Big Bellied Friar, is a sketch written by Graciano Lopez Jaena in
1874. In this work, Jaena caricatured the typical friar as abusive, cruel, lazy, indifferent, greedy and
lustful.
h. La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas- Del Pilar says they are deadly preponderacion notes on the friar
on the islands and politically, and economically and religious. It first appeared in 1888 under the
pseudonym MH Plaridel. It is divided into four sections, namely: The friars in the Philippines, the
political aspect, the economic aspect, and its religious aspect. The author relates how the friars in the
Philippines undermine the foundations of the noble aspirations of Spain and the Philippines agreed on
an official ostentatiously pact sealed with the blood of Legazpi and Sicatuna
i. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas- A book of Dr. Antonio de Morga, original 1609 edition that was copied
and annotated by Rizal. This book contains accounts of two of the earliest writings in the precolonial
Philippines. These were the accounts of Antonio Pigafetta, chronicler of the Magellan expedition, and
Gaspar de San Agustin who served during the Legazpi administration.
j. Caiigat Cayo- this is a pamphlet published by Marcelo H. Del Pilar using the penname Dolores
Manapat. This pamphlet refuted and ridiculed the arguments of the clergy. It servedas an answer to Fr.
Rodriguezz Caiingat Cayo.
k. La Liga Filipina- is an organization created by Rizal in the Philippines in the house of Doroteo
Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila in 1892.
l. Freemason- it is a fraternal organization that traces its origins to the local fraternities of stonemasons,
which from the end of the 14th century regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction
with authorities and clients.
m. Ninay- it is a first novel written by a native Filipino. Originally written in the Spanish language by
Pedro Alejandro Paterno while living in Spain in 1885. It was then translated into English and in
Tagalog in 1908.
n. El Progreso de Filipinas- it is written by Gregorio Sancianco in 1881. It is about the progress of the
Filipinos and our country.
o. Prince of Filipino Orators- Graciano Lopez Jaena is said to be the Prince of Filipino Orators. He
made his mark as a hero because of his outstanding achievements as a public speaker and writer. He
has no equal as an orator of the propaganda movement for he was considered as an orator by
temperament and by natural gift.