BASIC LIGHTING

Sinta Marino
PT.PHILIPS INDONESIA
 Lighting
Fundamentals

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 What is Light ?

Light is electromagnetic radiation(similar to radio and TV

waves) travelling in space
Creates sensation of vision, when enters our eyes
Light is thus a perceived phenomenon & depends on the
sensitivity of eye

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 Electromagnetic Spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum has a range of

wavelength , Gamma to Ratio waves , Only a
small part are Light Waves
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 Electromagnetic Spectrum

380nm 800nm

Wave length 380nm - 800 nm , known as Light

indicated by Violet to Red

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 Principal Lighting Criteria

Lighting
Lighting Level
Level
Luminance
Luminance Distribution
Distribution
Freedom
Freedom from
from Disturbing
Disturbing Glare
Glare
Spatial
Spatial Distribution
Distribution of
of Light
Light
Light
Light Color
Color and
and Color
Color Rendering
Rendering

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 Lighting Level
ILLuminanceLux
( Horizontal , Vertical )

ILLuminance
Luminance ..Cd/M2

Luminance

Luminance

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 Lighting Level

Lighting Level is determined by the level of Eye Task

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 Lighting Level

A person of 60 yrs will

need about 15 times
higher lighting level
than a 10 yr old.

Lighting Level is determined by age of users

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 Lighting Level

Soccer : Tennis:
Slower , Speed and Large Ball Higher Speed and Small Ball

Competition Level : 150 Lux Competition Level : 500 Lux

Lighting Level is determined by the Speed of Activity and size of

object
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 Lighting Level

E horizontal,Lux E Vertical,Lux

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 Illuminance

Illuminance in average ;
EE== Lumen
Lumenxx(Design
(DesignFactors)
Factors)
Area
Area
Lumens

Illuminance

Area (m2 )
Design Factors ; Utilization Factors & Maintenance Factor
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 Illuminance

Design Factor = Utilization Factor x Maintenance Factor

UF influenced by ; MF Influence by ;

Room Size Lumen Depreciation

color and Texture of Floor , Walls Room Polution
and Ceiling
Light Distribution / Photometric

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 ROOM INDEKS

(K)= PxL
T ( P+L )
P

T
L

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 Illuminance ( Iluminasi )

Kuat pencahayaan pada suatu titik ;

Ep
Ep== Intensitas
Intensitas
Intensitas
Jarak
Jarak

jarak

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 Luminance / Luminasi

Intensitas L
Lumen L L = Ep/

L
Satuan cd/m2
Ep Simbol L

Cahaya yang dipantulkan

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 Lighting Level

Typical Lighting levels a person is exposed during

Daytime in Outdoor Areas
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 Lighting Level

Illuminance (lux) Area of Activity

100 Circulation Areas

300 Rough Industries, Lecture Theatre
500 Laboratories, Computer Rm,Super mkts, Indstr
750 General offices, Electronic Industry
1000 Drawing offices,Precision Industry
30,000 Task Lighting in Operating Theatre

Recommemded Illuminances for typical indoor Activities

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 Lighting Level

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 Uniformity

High uniformity is desired in Non Uniform lighting can

Areas like offices create interesting effects in
social areas

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 Luminance Contrast

Low contrasts
result in flat
visual scene

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 Luminance Contrast

High contrasts result

in adaptation
problem for eye
when changing from
one visual target to
another

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 Luminance Contrast

Well Balanced
Contrasts result
in visual comfort
and satisfaction

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 Glare

Glare
Glare is
is caused
caused by by Brightness
Brightness ofof any
any objects
objects
within
within the
the visual
visual field
field which
which is
is brighter
brighter than
than
the
the adaptation
adaptation level
level ofof eye
eye
It
It can
can lead
lead to
to discomfort
discomfort :: Discomfort
Discomfort Glare
Glare
It
It can
can also
also lead
lead to
to impairment
impairment of
of vision
vision ::
Disability
Disability Glare
Glare
Glare
Glare can
can be
be Direct
Direct or
or Reflected
Reflected

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 Direct & Indirect ( Reflected ) Glare

Reflected Glare from Direct Glare from

Water Luminaires

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 Luminance Limitation
Luminance is direction dependent. So it is dependent on the Viewing
Angle of observer
a Higher Luminaire
Luminance leads to Glare
Critical viewing
Zone
y Luminance Limitation
depends on the
hs 450
Critical radiant
Zone Type
Orientation
tan y = a
hs 1.0 m Shielding Angle
of Luminaires

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 Spatial Distribution of Light

The Light Distribution determines the Luminous Environment

that can be created

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 Spatial Distribution of Light

Uniform General
Lighting with direct
light distribution

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 Spatial Distribution of Light

Uniform General
Lighting with
Indirect light
distribution

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 Spatial Distribution of Light

Local Lighting can

create interesting
effects specially in
social areas

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 Light Colors

Color Rendering IndexRa

Color Temperature . K

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 Color Rendition

Color perception under Color perception under

incadescent lamp with Low pressure Sodium
Yellow filter Vapour Lamp

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 Color Rendition

RA = 20 RA > 80

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 Color Rendition of Typical Lamps

Lamp Type Ra
Incandescent 100
Fluorescent Colour 33 66
Fluorescent Colour 54 77
Fluorescent Colour 84 85
Fluorescent Colour 94 93
High Pressure Sodium(SON) 26
High Pressure Mercury(HPL) 45
Low pressure Sodium(SOX) (0)

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 Not Recommended for
< 30 indoor lighting

Service area
40 - 60
Indoor Lighting

Storage

General offices
60 - 85
Supermarket

Boutique , Restaurant
90 - 100 Hotel , Printing
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 Security Lighting
< 20

Public Lighting
Outdoor Lighting

20 - 60
Road , Parking

60 - 80 Sport facilities
Tennis , Soccer

CTV
> 80 Billboard
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 Black Body Locus and CIE Color Triangle

A Black
A BlackBody
Bodywhen
when
heated
heatedwill
willemit
emitvisible
visible
radiation
radiationof
ofaacolour
colourspecific
specific
to
tothat
thattemperature
temperature
Colour
Colourof
ofthe
theLight
Lightaathermal
thermal
radiator
radiatoremits
emitsis
iscalled
called
Colour
ColourTemperature
Temperature
Colour
ColourTemperature
Temperaturescale
scale
can
canbe
beplotted
plottedinside
insidethe
theCIE
CIE
Colour Triangle to form a
Colour Triangle to form a
Black
BlackBody
BodyLocus
Locus
For
Forselective
selectiveradiators,
radiators,we
we
have
haveCorrelated
CorrelatedColour
Colour
Temperature
Temperature

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 Color Temperature ( TC )

2700K incandescent white

3000K warm white
3500K white
4000K cool white
5000K daylight
6500K cool daylight

Light sources having same colour temperature will

have same colour appearance

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 Color Temperature ( TC )

Incandescent Lamps
TLD serie 82

2700 K

TLD serie 86

6500 K

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 Boreal sky
10 000 K
Light of the North

High Noon
6000 K
Sunlight

Daylight

4000 K
Afternoon
Sunlight

2000 K
Sunset
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 Mercury HP
4100 K
Neutral White

Ceramic discharge
Artificial Light

3000 K
Crispy Warm White

White sodium
2500 K
Cosy Warm

Sodium HP
1950 K Functional Yellow
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 Open Working Area
4000 K Neutral White

Conference Room
3000 K
Indoor Lighting

Warm White

Entrance
2900 K Welcome Warm

Boutique
2500 K
Cosy Warm
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 Landscaping
4100 K
Neutral White

Outdoor Cafe
Outdoor Lighting

3000 K
Crisp Warm White

City Square
2500 K Crisp Warm White

Residential
1950 K Functional Yellowish
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