Internet Hindi Medium Locked ssc45

excellence COMPUTER INSTITUTE
bhadavna market baradari chaurah, morar, GWALIOR [M.P.]

BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
UNIT-1
History of Internet
Q.1 Internet ds fodkl ij fVIi.kh fyf[k,\
Ans. orZeku foo es dbZ izdkj dh lwpuk rduhd fodflr gsk jgh gS ijUrq bles
lokZf/kd o vljnkj rduhd Internet gSA Internet vyx&2 Hkkxks ;k Lfkkuks ij yxs
computers dks tksM+dj vyx&2 informations ds communication gsrw cuk;h xbZ ,d foks"k
iz.kkyh vFkkZr~ system gSA
Computer fdlh Hkh izdkj dh information pkgs og information 'kCnks es sound es]
picture es ;k photo vkfn es bls viuh binary language es change dj mUgs vius
internet ds ek/;e ls izlkfjr dj nsrh gS vFkkZr~ computer gj izdkj dh information dks
machinery language es ifjofrZr djrs gq, mls internet ds ek/;e ls dgh Hkh izlkfjr
dj ldrk gSA Internet ds ek/;e ls lwpukvks dks nqfu;k ds fdlh Hkh dkSus es de ls
de le; es 'kh?kz vfrkh?kz igqWapk;k tk ldrk gSA o lwpukvks dks mruh gh tYnh izkIr
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Internet dk fodkl dc vkSj dSls gqvk ;g ,d LoHkkfod lk izu gS Internet ds

tUenkrk Dr. foUVuth lQZ gSA Internet internation network dk laf{kIr :Ik gSA ;g
,d fooO;kih computer network gS ftles fooHkj dh leLr lwpuk,a ,d txg
,df=r gSA okOro es internet fofHkUu network dk ,dhdj.k :Ik gS ftldh yksdfiz;rk
dk eq[; dkj.k ;g gS fd blds ek/;e ls ijLij lwpukvks dk vknku iznku fd;k tk
ldrk gSA Internet ds fodkl ;k=k dks yxHkx 30 lky gks x, gSA Internet ds firkekg
dsyhQksfuZ;k university ds professer fy;ksukMZ Dyhujkd dks dgka tkrk gS Dr. Dyhujksd
vkSj muds lkfFk;ks us 2 sep 1969 dks nks computer ds e/; communication dk;e
djus es lQyrk ikbZ Fkh ;g communication refrigerotor ds vkdkj ds ,d roater ds
tjh, cuk Fkk ftls interface message processor dgk x;k ijUrq okLro es 2 computers
es vkil es 20 Oct 1969 dks communication fd;k blfy, internet dk tUe 20
Oct dks euk;k tkrk gSA izkjaHk es tks network cuk mls Arpanet dgk x;k bl izdkj
internet dh fodkl ;k=k izkjaHk gks xbZ vkSj vc rd mldh ;k=k izkjaHk gqbZ gSA
fuEufyf[kr fp= ds ek/;e ls bls le>k tk ldrk gSA
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Q.2 Internet ds tools o mudh lsokvks dks le>kb,\
Ans. vkerkSj ij user WWW dks gh internet dk ,d ek= connection ekurk gS tcfd
okLrfodrk ;g gS fd internet web iz;ksx djus o electronic mails dks vknku iznku
djus ds vfrfjDr vkSj Hkh dbZ lqfo/kk,a miyC/k djkrk gS ;g lqfo/kk,a o lsok,a ftUgs
ge tools Hkh dgrs gS dqN bl izdkj gSA
Information retrievel tools

Communication tools
Multimedia information tools
Information search tools
1-Information retrieval tools- bl category ds varxZr fuEufyf[kr tools vkrs gSA
FTP(File Transfer Protocol)- ;g protocol ,d computer ls nwljs computer ds network

rd files dks Hkstus dk dke djrk gS ;g protocol host computer ;k server ls fdlh
vU; computer ij file copy djus es Hkh lgk;rk djrk gSA
Gopher- bldk fodkl america ds minisota foo fo|ky; es gqvk Fkk ;g ,d user
friendly interface iznku djrk gSA Gopher ds ek/;e ls dksbZ Hkh user internet ij
lwpukvks dks izkIr dj ldrk gS lkFk gh Gopher dh help ls user internet ij dbZ
vyx&2 izdkj dh lwpukvks dks search Hkh dj ldrk gS bldk iz;ksx djuk cgqr gh
vklku gS vkSj blds vfrfjDr gopher dbZ vyx&2 internet service dks vkil es tksM+us
es Hkh lgk;d gksrk gSA
2-Communication tool-
a-E-mail- E-mail computer ds }kjk Hksth tkus okyh ,d electronic Mkd lsok gS vFkkZr~
bls Mkd lsok dk laf{kIr :Ik Hkh dgk tkrk gSA Electronic iz.kkyh ds }kjk cM+h ls cM+h
lwpukvks dks nqfu;k ds fdlh Hkh dksus es izdkk dh xfr ds leku rqjar Hkstk tk ldrk
gS lwpuk,a pkgs fdlh Hkh izdkj dh d;ks u gks E-mail es mUgs Hkstuk cgqr gh ljy cuk
fn;k gSA
b-Telnet- ;g protocol user dks remote control computer ls tksM+us es lgk;rk iznku
djrk gS ftl izdkj phone no. dial djds vkil es ckr phr dh tk ldrh gS Bhd mlh
izdkj bl protocol ds }kjk data dks ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij transfer fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
Telnet og lsok gS tks user dks fdlh vU; computer ij igqWpk dj ml ij miyC/k
fofHkUu lsokvks dks use djus dk volj nsrh gSA Telnet ij dke djrs le; user dk
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uke o password dh vko;drk gksrh gS tc user ds uke o password nksusk gh lgh

gksrs gS rks user remote computer ls connect gks tkrk gSA
c. New group/new net- News group vFkkZr~ lekpkj lewg tks fd entertainment ls ysdj
science and research rd ds subject ij vyx&2 ppkZvks dks dgrs gSA vFkkZr~ gj izdkj
dh news dk group news group dgykrk gSA dksbZ Hkh user internet ds ek/;e ls news
group ds access dj ldrk gS news group dks access djus ds fy, lcls igys user
dks bUgs subscribe djuk iM+rk gSA vFkkZr~ New group ls user dks vuqefr ysuh iM+rh gS
vkSj vuqefr ysus ds fy, mudh 'krkZs dks iwjk djuk iM+rk gSA ;fn mudh 'krksZ dks iwjk
djuk IkM+rk gS ;fn user ,slk ugh djrk gS rc news group ls user lh/ks ugh tqM+
ikrkA
News net fofHkUu news group dk ,d lewg gS tks information ds ,d foks"k {ks= dks
cover djrk gSA
Example- dksbZ Hkh user politics ds ckjs es tkuuk pkgrk gS rc news net dk group tks
fd politics dks cover djrk gS mls politics ds ckjs es tkudkjh iznku djk,xk vkt ds
le; es News ls lacaf/kr 2000 organisation miyC/k gS tSls computer ls lacaf/kr
tkudkfj;kWa SCI foKku ls lacaf/kr tkudkfj;kWa BUS O;olk; ls lacaf/kr tkudkfj;kWaA
3-Multimedia information tools
a.WWW- WWW dk iwjk uke world wide web gS ;g ,d izdkj dk database gS tks fd
iwjs foo es Qsyk gqvk gS user blh ds ek/;e gS vyx&2 information dk vknku&iznku
djrs gSA igys WWW ds ek/;e ls dsoy fyf[kr lwpukvks dk gh vknku&iznku fd;k tk
ldrk FkkA fdUrq vc picture, sound, cartton vkfn gj izdkj dk data dk vknku&iznku
fd;k tk ldrk gSA bu lHkh lwpukvks dks izkIr djus gsrw browser, software tSls fd
internet explorer, netscape navigator vkfn dh vkod;rk gksrh gSA
b.Internet relay chat- ;g internet use ds fy, cgqr gh yksdfiz; method gSA bldh help
ls vyx&2 yksxks ls laidZ LFkkfir fd;k tk ldrk gSA E-mail or chat ds varxZr user
,d nwljs dks message Hkstrs o izkIr djrs gSA lkFk gh chating ds nkSjku ,d user ,d
ckj es ,d ls vf/kd yksxks ls laidZ cuk ldrk gS o muls ckrphr dj ldrk gS ftls
ge multiuser system dk uke Hkh ns ldrs gS tgkWa lHkh yksx personal o lkoZtfud :Ik
ls ckrphr dj ldrs gS o ,d nwljs ds lkFk tqM+ ldrs gSA
c.Home page- dksbZ Hkh O;fDr] laLFkk] company ;k company dk dksbZ group bl lqfo/kk dk
mi;ksx dj ldrs gS bles cM+h&cM+h companies vius ckjs es rFkk viuh lsok,a ds ckjs es
iwjk fooj.k home page ij Mky nsrh gS ftlls dh lwpukvks dk izpkj izlkj o mldk
foKkiu fooLrj ij ljy o lLrk gks tkrk gSA Homepage ij text matter ds lkFk
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picture, graph o cartoon vkfn dks Hkh add djk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj lkFk gh bles sound
dh Hkh lqfo/kk gksrh gSA
4-Information search tools
a.Archie- Archie ,d ,slk system gS tks FTP server es store file dks search djrk gS bl
lHkh store files es archi user dh recuirment ds vuqlkj files dks search djrk gSA Archie dks
MC gill university school of computer science }kjk fodflr fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj bldks
fodflr djus dk eq[; ms; ;g Fkk fd vyx&2 lwpukvksa ds storage ds chp user
vius t:jr dh lwpukvks dks search dj ldsA
Archi vkerSkj ij server dk ,d ,slk group gS ftlds izR;sd server es vyx&2 izdkj
dh tkudkfj;kWa store jgrh gS vFkkZr~ izR;sd server ds ek/;e ls ;g irk yxk;k tk
ldrk gS fd dkSu lh file fdl server es store gs vkSj ;g fdl subject ls lacaf/kr gSA
b.Veronica- ;g ,d ,slk program gS tks gopher ds ek/;e ls dke djrk gS vkSj blds
ek/;e ls 'kh?kzrk iwoZd vko;d lwpuka, izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA user gopher server or
veronica server dks access djds fdlh Hkh database ij vklkuh ls igqWap ldrk gS ;g
vko;d ugh gS fd gopher server geskk veronica server ds lkFk lsok iznku djsA veronica
server archie server ls T;knk vPNk o yksdfiz; program gSA
c. Home page- dksbZ Hkh O;fDr] laLFkk] company ;k company dk dksbZ group bl lqfo/kk dk
mi;ksx dj ldrs gS bles cM+h&2 compannies vius ckjs es rFkk viuh lsoka, ds ckjs es
iwjk fooj.k home page ij Mky nsrh gS ftlls dh lwpukvks dk iz;kj izlkj o mldk
foKkiu fooLrj ij ljy o lLrk gks tkrk gSA homepage ij text matter ds lkFk
picture, graph o cartoon vkfn dks Hkh add djk;k tk ldrk gSA vkSj lkFk gh bles sound
dh Hkh lqfo/kk gksrh gSA
4-Information search tools
a.Archie- Archie ,d ,slk system gS tks FTP server es store file dks search djrk gS bl
lHkh store files es archi user dh recuirment ds vuqlkj files dks search djrk gS archie dks
MC gill university school of computer science }kjk fodflr fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj bldks
fodflr djus dk eq[; ms; ;g Fkk fd vyx&2 lwpukvks ds storage ds chp user
vius t:jr dh lwpukvks dks search dj ldsA
Archie vkerkSj ij server dk ,d ,slk group gS ftlds izR;sd server es vyx&2

izdkj dh tkudkfj;kWa store jgrh gS vFkkZr~ izR;sd server ds ek/;e ls ;g irk yxk;k
tk ldrk gS fd dkSu lh file fdl server es store gS vkSj ;g fdl subject ls lacaf/kr
gSA
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b.Veronica- ;g ,d ,slk program gS tks gopher ds ek/;e ls dke djrk gS vkSj blds
ek/;e ls 'kh?kzrk iwoZd vkod lwpuk,a izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA User gopher server or
veronica server dks access djds fdlh Hkh database ij vklkuh ls igqWap ldrk gSA ;g
vko;d ugh gS fd gopher server geskk veronica server ds lkFk lsok iznku djsA
veronica server archie server ls T;knk vPNk o yksdfiz; program gSA
c.WAIS- WAIS dk iwjk uke wide area inforamation server gs ;g ,d izdkj dk server
system gksrk gS tks fd user ds }kjk demand dh xbZ file dks server es search djrk gS
vkSj user dks iznku djrk gS blds lkFk&2 ;g ml address dks Hkh display djrk gS
tgkWa file miyC/k gSA
d.WHOIS- WHOIS dk use internet user doman name or organisation ls lacaf/kr lwpukvks
dks izkIr djus gsrw fd;k tkrk gSA blds }kjk e-mail address host computer or domain
name dk irk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA ;g lHkh lwpuk,a register database ls izkIr gksrh gS
tgkWa vyx&2 organisation or user ls lacaf/kr tkudkfj;kWa tSls dh mudk uke irk
vkfn computer o registration ls lacaf/kr gksrk gSA
Q.3 Internet ds vuqiz;ksx vFkkZr~ mlds application ij ppkZ djks\
Ans. Internet ds fodkl us nqfu;k ds lkspus rFkk dk;Z djus dh fof/k dks gh cny fn;k
gS vkt rc 'kk;n gh fdlh vfo"dkj us ekuo thou dks bl Lrj rd izHkkfor fd;k
gskxk medical, education, business, government, agriculture ;k fdlh Hkh field dh ckr djs
lHkh ij internet dk O;kid izHkkor gSA Internet ds vuqiz;ksx dqN bl izdkj gSA
1-Business on interne- Internet us vkt ,d vyx m|ksx txr dh LFkkiuk dh gS ftldks

ge lkekU;rk electronic commerce ;k E-commerce ds uke ls tkurs gSA Internet us
O;kikj ds dbZ ek/;e tksM+ fn, gSA blds ek/;e ls dksbZ Hkh O;fDr vius ?kj ls gh
O;kikj dj ldrk gSA Internet ds ek/;e ls dksbZ Hkh O;fDr order ys ldrk gSA vkSj
le;&2 ij eky Hkh miyC/k djk ldrk gSA Internet ds ek/;e ls gksus okys O;kikj dks
E-business vFkkZr~ electronic business dk uke nsrs gS ikjaifjd business dh rqyuk es ;g
de [kphZys gksrs gSA
D;ksfd bles mRiknd vius miHkksDrkvks ls lh/ks laca/k LFkkfir dj ldrk gSA E-
business dks ge rhu Hkkxks es ckaV ldrs gSA
Business to Business E-commerce (C to B)
Consumer to Business E-commerce (C to B)
Consumer to consumer E-Commerce (C to C)
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2-Governess on Internet- Internet 'kklu es cgqr gh lgk;d gS ;g vPNs 'kklu ds fy,

ojnku lkfcr gqvk gS dbZ ljdkjh foHkkxks dks Hkkjrs ds dbZ jkT;ks es dEI;wVj rFkk
internet ls tksM+k x;k gSA Andra pradesh Hkkjr esa internet o computer dk mnkgj.k ns[krs
gh curk gSA bl jkT; es internet dh lgk;rk ls yksx vius dk;Z iapk;r Lrj ls ysdj
eq[; ea=h dk;Zky; rd djok ldrs gSA Internet us drkj es ?k.Vks yxus o vU;
employees dks fjor nsus tSlh leL;kvks dks Hkh [kRe dj fn;k gSA blds vykok
college, schook, bank, university, passport office, government office vkfn es lkekU;
ukxfjd thou dks cgqr gh simple cuk;k gSA Hkkjr es informatics centre us dbZ
government sites rS;kj dh gSA tks lkekU; vkneh dks iz/kkuea=h rFkk jk"Vifr dk;Zky;
ls tksM+rh gS government ds }kjk ;g lsok 1991 es izkjaHk gqbZ Fkh or ;g e-lsok 200
dsUnzks ds ek/;e ls 150 lsok,a iznku dj jgh gSA E-governess Hkkjr es dsoy keral
rFkk kanatak es gh cgqr cM+h;k dk;Z dj jgh gSA
E-governance fuEufyf[kr xfrfof/k;ks dks 'kkfey djrh gSA
cSBds (Meeting)
i=foHkkx (Correspondence)
iathdj.k rFkk izosk (Registration and admission)
lekt ij internet dk izHkko (effect of internet on society)
Crime on internet- Internet business foRRkh; xfrfof/k;ks (Financial activities) dk dsUnz rFkk
communication dk ,d cM+k ek/;e gksus ds dkj.k cnekkks ds fy, cM+k vkd"kZ.k dk
dsUnz gSA Internet vkradokfn;ksa rFkk vlkekftd xfrfof/k;ks dks lapkfyr djus ds cM+s Lrj
ij use fd;k tkrk gSA Internet ij miyC/k E-mail rFkk vU; lsokvks dk iz;ksx dj
vlkekftr rFkk rRo viuh xyr xfrfof/k;ksa dks vklkuh ls iwjk dj
ysrs gSA E-mail lqfo/kk ds vklkuh ls iwjk dj ysrs gSA E-mail lqfo/kk ds }kjk og viuh
;kstukvks dks ,d nwljs ds lkFk os f>>d share dj ysrs gSA blh izdkj foRrh; /ksk[kk/kM+h
Internet ij vkt lkekftd ckr gSA D;ksfd yksx vius credit card vkfn dk iz;ksx cM+h
ek=k es O;kid Lrj ij dj jgs gSA Internet /kssk[ksckt viuh foks"k ;ksX;rk dk iz;ksx
djrs gq, dj ysrs gS vkSj foRrh; crime djrs gSA ftlds lkFk&2 email ID cukrs le;
nh xbZ lwpukvks dk Hkh nq:I;ksx djrs gSA tgkWa ,d vksj lekt ds fy, ojnku gS ogh
nq[kh vksj dqn vklkekftd rRoks ds dkj.k ;g vfHkkki Hkh gksrk tk jgk gSA
Q.4 WWW ds fodkl ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,\
Ans. Introduction of WWW- djhc 50 o"kksZ ls yksx ,d ,sls data base dk liuk ns[k
jgs FksA tks fd universal Kku ,oa lwpukvks dks j[krk gS rFkk ftlds ek/;e ls foo ds
yksxks dsk vkil es tksM+k tk ldsA foo dk gj ,d O;fDr ,slh tkudkjh izkIr dj
ldsA tks mlds fy, egRoiw.kZ gS ;g liuk vc iwjk gks pqdk gS D;ksfd bl rduhd dh
[kkst dh tk ldh gS bldk uke gS WWW (World Wide Web)
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WWW ,d izdkj dk database gS tks iwjs foo es Qsyk gqvk gSA dksbZ Hkh user blds
ek/;e ls lwpukvks dks izkIr dj ldrk gS WWW dk vf/kdkakr% mi;ksx Internet ij gh
gksrk gS D;ksfd ;g ,d web server gSA ftls web server dh Ja[kyk vFkkZr~ series tks
fd hyper text ds ek/;e ls lwpukvks dks izLrqr djus dk ,d ,slk rjhdk gS ftles
dqN [kkl item highlight jgrs gS tc user mu highlight text ij click djrk gS rc ml
text ls lacaf/kr vkSj Hkh tkudkjh;kWa user ds lkeus display gksdj vk tkrh gSA
Www dks ge lwpukvks dh lajpuk ds :Ik es Hkh ifjHkf"kr dj ldrs gS WWW ,d

user friendly feature gS rFkk WWW ,d system gS tks fd organisation rFkk relationship
LFkkfir djus ds fy, mi;ksx es yk;k tkrk gS blds ek/;e ls internet dh file dks
vklkuh ls iz;ksx es yk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj internet ls tqMs+ lHkh NksVs cM+s dk;ksZ dks
vklkuh ls iwjk fd;k tk ldrk gSA
History of WWW- WWW ds vfo"dkj ls igys internet dk use cgqr gh dfBu FkkA
Internet ij miyC/k lwpukvksa dks <WwW<uk vkSj iz;ksx es ykuk Hkh ,d cgqr gh dfBUk dk;Z
FkkA ;fn internet ij miyC/k file dks search djds user mUgs download djuk pkgrk FkkA
rks mlds fy, Hkh UNIX SKILS dk lgkjk ysuk iM+rk Fkk vkSj lkFk gh dqn foks"k
izdkj ds tools dh Hkh enn yh tkrh FkhA
Tim berners lee dks WWW dk tud dgk tkrk gSA Feb 1993 es national central for
super computing application }kjk WWW dk igyk addition market es vk;kA Berners lee
switzerland es mifLFkr European organisation nuclear research uked research centre es
,d oSKkfud FksA lee us european organisation for nuclear research (CERN) es vius
lkfFk;ks ds lkFk yxkrkj internet ds Ikz;ksx dks ljy cukus ds fy, iz;kl fd;k ijUrq
mudk ;g izdkj geskk gh foQy jgkA rc internet ds Ikz;ksx es cgqr gh dfBukb dk
lkeuk djuk iM+rk Fkk og geskk ls gh pkgrs Fks fd internet dk use ljy gks lds vkSj
,d vke O;fDr Hkh mls vklkuh ls iz;ksx es yk ldsA mudh blh bPNk us internet ij
yxkrkj research djus ds fy, mUgs izsfjr fd;k research ij mUgksus lcls igys bl ckr
ij /;ku fn;k fd dgkWa&2 vkSj fdl&2 izdkj dh dfBukb;kWa vkrh gS o mUgs bl
dfBukb;ks dks nwj djus ds fy, fdl izdkj dh iz.kkyh dk fodkl djuk gS fd mudk
dk;Z internet ij ljy gks lds bl izdkj mUgksus 1999 es WWW ds fodkl ds fy,
electronic and computing for physics foHkkx es vius bl izLrko dks j[kk vkSj izLrko
dks foHkkx ds vkSj ls lqd`rh Hkh izkIr gqbZ bl izdkj mUgs WWW ds fodkl es lQyrk
gkfly gqbZA
Q.5 Web browser ls D;k rkRi;Z gS rFkk internet es web browser dh dk;Zfof/k
dks le>kb,\
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Ans. Web browser ,d ,slk program gS ftldk use internet ij miyC/k gj izdkj dh
facilities or WWW ds ek/;e ls access djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA web browser
,d WWW client application gSA bldk use hypertext document rFkk web ij miyC/k
vU; html file dks link ds ek/;e ls izkIr djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA bl rjg ge
dg ldrs gS fd web browser ,d ,slk program gS ftlds ek/;e ls ge WWW
website ls connect gks ldrs gS vr% user dks internet dk use djus gsrw web browser
,d vge~ Hkwfedk vnk djrk gSA dqN yskdfiz; izpfyr web browser fuEufyf[kr gSA
1-Internet Explorer- ;g ,d stand along web browser gS tks internet connection ds

lkFk dk;Z djrk gSA internet explorer dh [kkl ckr ;g gS fd ;g browser microsoft
window ds lkFk by default gh vkrk gS means computer system es microsoft window
es download djus ds mijkUr tc system restart gskrk gS rc window desktop ij fn,
x, important icon es ls mircosoft internet explorer Hkh icon ds :I es display gksdj
vkrk gS ftlds }kjk user internet dks ljyrk ls access dj ldrk gSA
2-Netscap Navigator- Netscap navigation ,d cgqr gh izpfyr WWW program gS tks fd

mosaic dh rjg dk;Z djrk gS ijUrq blds vfrfjDr xq.kks o lqfo/kkvks dks Hkh 'kkfey
fd;k gqvk gS vFkkZr~ mosaic dh dfe;ks dks /;ku es j[krs gq, netscap navigator dks
rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA
Netscap navigator GUI lfgr ,d WWW browser Hkh gS tks fd user dks window ij
dk;Z djus ds fy, ,d okrkoj.k iznku djrk gSA bles text vkSj image ds lkFk&2 dqN
icon dh 'kkfey jgrs gSA
3-Mozila Firefox- Firefox ,d vU; izdkj dk web browser gS ftls blds dqn [kkl
features ds fy, iq:Ld`r fd;k tk pqdk gSA firefox ,d freeware gS rFkk bls blds
website www mozila.com ls download fd;k tk ldrk gSA firefox ,d rst o cgqr gh
lqjf{kr browser gS tks fd user dh online vko;drkvks ds vuq:Ik customize fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
LINUX- ;g ,d text based www browser gS ftls ,d software Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS
tks information dks hypertext ds ek/;e ls internet ls izkIr djrk gS or vyx&2 izdkj
dh information dks izkIr djus o mUgs use es ykus ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA Linux
ds use ls ,d word ds vk/kkj ij lwpuk,Wa izkIr gksrh gS or bls foks"k :Ik es unix
plateform ds fy, rS;kj fd;k x;k gS pwfd rsth ls dk;Z dj ldrk gSA
MOSAIC- ;g ,d GUI browser gSA bl browser dks eq[; window ij vk/kkfjr OS ds

lkFk use fd;k tkrk gSA ;g window 95 or 98 dk 1 client program gSA ftls TCP
network es use fd;k tkrk gSA Mosaic internet dk igyk lQy software gS ftls
NCSA (National Centre Of Somputing Application) ds }kjk fodflr fd;k x;k gSA
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Web browser dh dk;Z fof/k& Web browser dks lkekU;r% web browse ds uke ls tkuk
tkrk gSA ;g bl izdkj dk software gS ftldh help ls gj izdkj dh information o
mlls related information dks collect dj ldrk gSA Browser program ,d client dh
rjg dke djrk gS tks fd internet ds use ds }kjk lwpuk izkIr djus gsrw remote server
dh help ysrk gSA Remote server ds }kjk tks information browser dks nh tkrh gS mUgs
user rd igqWapkus es hyer link Url dh help djrk gSA
Browser }kjk display page remote server ls lwpukvks dks izkIr djds tc browser page
dks display djrk gS rc ml page dh information highlight jgrh gSA mu information es
Hkh dqN vyx&2 izdkj dh lwpuk,Wa fNih gqbZ gS tks fd click djus ij display gksdj
vkrh gSA
Courses of MCRPV University
DCA Ist sem
http : // www.mcv.ac.in Fundamental of computer & I.T.

PGDCA PC Package
Fox pro programming
BCA Or
MS Access
MCA Iind sem
Q.6 Search engine ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\
Ans. Internet dks lwpukvks dk egklkxj dgk tkrk gSA bl egklkxj es ls ;fn dqN
eq[;&2 lwpukvks dks search djuk gks rc ;g dk;Z FkskM+k dfBu gks tkrk gSA D;ksfd
lwpukvks ds bl egkHk.Mkj dk dksbZ dsUnzh; O;olFkkid ugh gksrkA ftlls fd lwpukvks
dks [ksktuk vR;Ur eqfdy gks tkrk gSA bl leL;k ds fy, companies us lek/kku ds
fy, ,d program fodflr fd;k gS ftls search engine dk uke fn;k gS search engine
,d program gS tks web page ds ek/;e ls website <wWa<us es help djrk gS user dks
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internet ij tc dqN foks"k lwpukvks dh vko;drk gksrh gS rc user search engine dh

help ysrk gSA
Market es dbZ izdkj ds search engine miyC/k gS tks fd vyx&2 izdkj dh lwpukvks
dks search djus gsrw iz;ksx es yk;s tkrs gS bues ls dqN egRoiw.kZ search engine bl
izdkj gSA
1.WWW.yahoo.com- ;g ,d cgqr gh iqjkuk o izpfyr o yksdfiz; search engine gks

tks fd internet user dh ilUnhnk site search djus ds fy, use fd;k tkrk gS bls ge
search directry Hkh dgrs gSA
2-WWW.google.com- Google vR;f/kd interseting search engine gS ftlds varxZr dkQh

unique gS vkSj blds ek/;e ls Hkh user vyx&2 izdkj dh tkudkjh dks izkIr dj
ldrk gS okLro es google ,d search engine gS D;ksfd blds ek/;e ls gj izdkj dh
lwpuk,Wa pkgs og text ds :I es gks ;k group o pictures ds :Ik es ljyrk ls search
dh tk ldrh gSA
3-WWW.hot bot.com- ;g ,d vyx izdkj dk search engine gS D;ksfd blds ek/;e

ls user 'kCn] Hkk"kk vkSj le; ds vk/kkj ij lwpukvks ls search dj ldrk gSA
4-WWW.alpavista.com- ;g search engine fHkUu&2 izdkj dh Hkk"kkvks es lwpukvks dks

search djus es help djrk gSA
5-WWW. -Lycos ,d fokky search engine gS ftlds vraxZr

yk[kks dh la[;k es database lekfgr gS vkSj database ds vUnj 6 mile pages dh
la[;k gksrh gS ;g dbZ fo"k;sk ij vk/kkfjr search ds results dks display djrk gSA
6-WWW.manna.com- Manna dks lHkh search engine dh ekWa dgk tkrk gS ;g ,d cgqr
gh Js"B o yksdfiz; search engine gS blds }kjk user ljyrk iwoZd vyx&2 lwpukvks
dks search dj ldrk gSA
Q.7 Client server archietecture dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,\
Ans. Communication djus okys izR;sd computer dks nks vyx&2 oxksZ es foHkkftr fd;k
tkrk gS nks es ls dksbZ ,d oxZ programmers dk gskrk gS rFkk nwljk client program dk
gksrk gS dksbZ Hkh program tks nwljks dks viuh lsok,Wa miyC/k djokrk gS oc server ds
oxZ es vkrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh program tks fdlh miyC/k lsok dks mi;ksx es ysrk gSA og
client dgykrk gSA
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lkekU;r% Internet lsokvksa dk mi;ksx djus okys lHkh O;fDr client software pykrs gSA
Exa- dksbZ Hkh application program tks fd vyx-2 services dks access djus ds fy,
mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS og client dgykrk gSA server ls lEidZ LFkkfir djus ds fy, client
Internet dk mi;ksx djrk gSA Client viuh vko;drkuqlkj server dks request Hkstrk gSA
server request dks receive djds ml ij process djrk gSA o iqu% client rd ml request dk
tcko Hkstrk gSA
Client server archietecture dks ge dqN bl izdkj Hkh le> ldrs gSA
cgqr lkjs computers dks vkil es network technique ds }kjk connect fd;k tkrk gS
bues ls fdlh ,d computer dks server cuk fn;k tkrk gS rFkk cps gq, computer dks
work station cuk fn;k tkrk gS server ij bu lHkh computer dh file save gksrh gSA
ftls ge client server model dgrs gS bl model es ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd computer
client gksrs gS rFkk ,d server gksrk gSA bl model es client viuh request network ds
}kjk server ij Hkstrk gS rFkk server ml network ds }kjk server ij Hkstrk gS rFkk
server ml request dks response djrk gSA bl rjg dk network resources dks la;qDr
:I ls share djus es help djrk gSA bl rjg ds model es ge hardware vkSj software
nskus dks gh share djrs gS vkSj bl izdkj iwjk dk iwjk structure client server
archietecture dgykrk gSA de 'kCnks es dgk tk ldrk gS fd tgkWa ij computers dh
vf/kdrk gks bl izdkj ds okrkoj.k ds fy, client server architecture dks rS;kj fd;k
tkrk gSA
Client server architecture ds ykHk&
1-,d server ds ek/;e ls ,d ls vf/kd computer dks work station dk :I iznku

fd;k tkrk gSA
2-Computer software o hardware nksusk dk gh ljyrk ls mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
3-Server ds ek/;e ls lHkh clients dh file dks manage fd;k tk ldrk gSA
4-Client dh request ij server ds }kjk rqjUr process gksrh gSA
5- vyx&2 izdkj dh lwpukvks dks vyx&2 server ij Hkh ljyrk ls ckaVk tk ldrk
gSA
Client server dh architecture dh gkfu;kWa&
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1-tc bl izdkj dh O;oLFkk es server down gks tkrk gS rks lHkh client dks network
service ugh fey ikrhA
2-Client server architecture es use fd, tkus okyk server bruk powerful gksuk pkfg,
fd lHkh client server dks computer ij server ns ldsA ijarq blls server dh ykxr c<+
tkrh gSA
3-Centralised server gksus ls client server architecture es network traffic vf/kd gks tkrk
gSA D;ksfd lHkh request server dh vksj vk tkrh gSA
4-Client server architecture dks laHkkyus ds fy, de ls de ,d network administration

ds staff dh need gksrh gS tks fd network o mlls related midj.kks dks maintain dj
ldsA
Q.8 Various service www dks fofHkUu lsok,Wa crkb,\
Ans. WWW internet users dks ,d user friendly graphical user interface iznku djrk gSA
WWW ds fodkl ds lkFk internet dh yksdfiz;rk fnu izfrfnu iwjs foo es c<+rh gh
pyh x;hA vkSj internet ds use us user ds lHkh dk;kZs dks ljy cuk fn;kA
bUgh internet users ds fy, www dbZ izdkj dh lsok,Wa iznku djrk gSA tks dqN bl izdkj
gSA
Web browser
Web page
Home page
Website
1- Web browser- ;g ,d ,slk program gS ftldk use internet ij miyC/k lkjh

lqfo/kk,Wa rFkk L=ksrks dsk www ds ek/;e ls access djus es fd;k tkrk gSA Web browser
,d WWW client web browser gS ftldk use hypertext documents or web ij miyC/k
vU; HTML file dks linking ds ek/;e ls izkIr djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj
ge dg ldrs gS web browser ,d ,slk ek/;e gS ftlds }kjk ,d www website ls
connect gks ldrk gSA
2-Web page- Web page ,d ,slk worldwide documents ls T;knk dqN Hkh ugh gksrkA ,d
web page ,d word processing documents gksrk gS ftlds vk/kkj ij ge dg ldrs gS
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fd web page web ij available ,d hyper text document gksrk gS ftls rS;kj djus ds
fy, HTMP dh need gksrh gS HTML means markup language
,d web page eq[;r% pkj Hkkxks ls rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
<BODY>
fdlh Hkh web page dks design djrs le; lcls igys fdlh Hkh text editor dks open
djrs gS or ml text editor es bUgh pkj tag ls 'kq:vkr djrs gSA vFkkZr~ web page dks
design djrs le; fdlh Hkh text editor window es loZizFke < > angle bracket es
HTML type djrs gSA
<HTML> ds Bhd uhps <HEAD> type fd;k tkrk gS ;g web page dk nwljk tag gksrk
gSA
<HEAD> ds Bhd uhps <TITLE> type fd;k tkrk gS or bls type djus ds mijkUr user
web page dk tks Hkh title j[kuk pkgrk gS og type djsxkA
vkf[kjh tag <Body> gksrk gS ftlds varxZr web page ij miyC/k gksus okyh lHkh
eq[;&2 information type dh tkrh gSA
3-Home page- dksbZ Hkh organisation company ;k person home page dk use dj ldrk
gSA Home page ds varxZr vius ckjs es ;k vius product ls lacaf/kr tkudkfj;kWa izkIr
dh tk ldrh gS vkSj vius o vius product ls lacaf/kr vyx&2 izdkj dh tkudkfj;ks
dks home page ij set Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA
nwljs 'kCnks es ;fn ge dgs rks user viuh internet dh ,d ,slh lqfo/kk gS ftl ij user
viuh tkudkfj;ks dks rFkk vius Oo;lk; o O;olk;ks dh 'kk[kkvks ls lacaf/kr gj izdkj
dh tkudkjh dks hope page ij set dj ldrk gS ftlds }kjk vU; Users Hkh gekjs ckjs
es o ge ls tqM+h vyx&2 izdkj dh lHkh tkudkfj;kWa izkIr dj ldrs gSA
home page foKkiu dk cgqr gh lLrk o mi;ksxh lk/ku gSA ftl ij fyf[kr lkexzh ds
vykok pictures, graph, chart, images vkfn dk Hkh use fd;k tk ldrk gS blds lkFk&2
;fn user pkgs rks home page ij sound dh Hkh lqfo/kk miyC/k gks ldrh gSA
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4- Website- Website lk/kkj.k :Ik ls webpage ls feydj cuh gksrh gS vFkkZr~ tc fdlh
user ds ,d fo"k; ls lacaf/kr cgqr lkjh vyx&2 izdkj dh tkudkfj;kWa izkIr djuh gks
rc user vyx&2 website dh help ysrk gS vkSj ;g lHkh website webpage ls connect
gksrk gS vFkkZr~ ,d webpage ij ,d ls vf/kd website dks link djk;k tk ldrk gS
vkSj bu website ij text matter, phto, picture table, chart vkfn 'kkfey gks ldrs gSA
Website ij user dks gj izdkj dh lkexzh izkIr gks tkrh gS ftUgs user viuh lqfo/kk ds
vuqlkj o vius dk;Z ds vuqlkj vius ikl save dj ldrk gS ;k mUgs download Hkh dj
ldrk gSA
Website dks dqN bl izdkj ns[kk o tkuk tkrk gS&
http :// www.yahoo.com
http :// www.Hotmail.com
http ://www.siffy.com
http ://www. Google.com
Q.9 WWW dh foks"krk,Wa crkb,\
Ans. WWW fofHkUu protocols ls lapkfyr gksrk gS ;g fdlh foks"k :Ik ls user dh
lwpukvksa dks server rd igqWaprk gSA ;g computer dks dbZ platforms tSSls Unix, window 95,
window 98, window NT, window 2000, window xp ij programs dks run djkus gsrw ,slh
lqfo/kk iznku djrk gS fd og computer server ls vkus okyh fofHkUUk lwpuk dks ,d vPNs
format es fn[kk ldsA vkSj ,sls prgorams dks web browser dk uke fn;k tkrk gSA vkSj
blds vykok www dh vkSj Hkh dbZ vPNh ckrs gks ftUgs bldh foks"krk ds rksSj ij tkuk
tkrk gSA
1-Graphical and Easy- ;g graphical user interface dh lqfo/kk nsrk gS ftlls dh coloured
screen ij option dks select djus es vklkuh gksrh gS ;g text ds lkFk&2 graphics
sound o vedio dks fn[kkus dh lqfo/kk j[krk gS blds pyrs ,d cgqr gh vklku o
mi;ksxh lqfo/kk gSA
2-Hyper text information system- WWW ds hyper text information system es text dks
i<us o ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij vklkuh ls tkus dh Hkh lqfo/kk gS vFkkZr~ hyper
linking rduhd ds dkj.k user ,d web page ls nwljs web page ij vklkuh ls tk
ldrk gS blls user dks vkSj Hkh vf/kd tkudkfj;kWa izkIr gksrh gS user ljyrk ls ,d
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topic ls nwljs topic ij igqqWapdj mls i<+ ldrk gS ;k viuh vko;drkuqlkj download
Hkh dj ldrk gSA
3-Facility of multimedia- Multimedia Interactivity es web server ls ckr phr djus dh

{kerk gksrh gS vFkkZr~ ,d user nwljs user ls ljyrk iwoZd communication dj ldrk gSA
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MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
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UNIT-2
Internet and E-mail
Q.1 Portals ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,\
Ans. Portals ls rkRi;Z e-portal (Electronic portal) ls gSA Electronic portal dk rkRi;Z ml
website ls gS tks ges lkeku dh [kjhn fcdzh ls lacaf/kr tkudkjh miyC/k djkrh gS ftls
ge ljy 'kCnks es ;g Hkh dg ldrs gS fd ,slh lqfo/kk tks user dks e-commerce dh
lqfo/kk miyC/k djkrh gS portal dgykrh gS tSls& yahho.com ,d portal gS tks ges E-
mail check, News, advertisement vkfn ds lkFk&2 gokbZ ;k=k ds reservation o fdlh oLrq
dh uhykeh es Hkkxhnkjh rd dh lqfo/kk nsrh gSA
E-portal ds ek/;e ls dksbZ Hkh user ?kj cSBs dqN Hkh lkeku [kjhn o csp ldrk gS vkt
dy dbZ companies dh website bl concept dks viuk jgh gS bl rjhds dks viukus ds
dkj.k lHkh user dks dqN Hkh [kjhnus o cspus dh izfdz;k es vU; [kpkZs ls NqVdkjk fey
tkrk gSA
Exa- ;fn dksbZ O;fDr dksbZ okgu [kjhnuk pkgrk gS rks electronic portals dh lgk;rk ls
og ?kj cSBs viuk eu ilan okgu [kjhn ldrk gS blds fy, mls dsoy website ij
fyf[k enteries Hkjuh gksxh o ml company rd viuk add. igqWapkuk gksxkA ftlls vki
viuk okgu [kjhn jgs gS rkfd og company vius agent dks Hkstdj vki rd okgu
miyC/k dj ldsA
Internet portals dk iz;ksx fuEufyf[kr dk;ksZ gsrw iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
ukSdfj;ks o jkstxkj laca/kh tkudkjh izkIr djus gsrwA
fdlh fonskh Hkk"kk dks lh[kus gsrwA
foo ds fdlh Hkh dksus es cSBs O;fDr;ks ls laidZ LFkkfir djus gsrwA
fdlh Hkh competition es Hkkx ysus gsrwA
vius fdlh Hkh friend dks E-card Hkstus gsrwA
vius eu ilan wallpapers dks search djus ,oa download djus gsrwA
Compute ls lacaf/kr u;h&2 tkudkjh;kWa izkIr djus gsrwA
vyx&2 softwares dks download djus gsrwA
viuk Lo;a dk homepage rS;kj djus gsrwA
vius fdlh fe= ls ckrphr djus gsrwA
nsk fonskks ds news izkIr djus gsrwA
blds vfrfjDr internet portal ds ek/;e ls ?kj cSBs O;kikj Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Order ysuk o nsuk nksuks gh laHko gS rkfd dksbZ Hkh O;fDr lkeku csp o [kjhn ldsA
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Q.2 Internet vs Intranet dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,\
Ans. Internet or intranet nsk leku fn[kus okys 'kCn gSA ijUrq bues dbZ varj gS nksuks ds
'kkfCnd vFkZ ij ;fn fopkj fd;k tk;s rc buds e/; dbZ vUrj Li"V gks tk;sxsA
Exa- vkius lquk gksxk inter school competition vkSj intra school competition nksuks gh
school es vk;ksftr gksrs gS ij nksuks es vUrj bruk gS fd inter school competition dbZ
vyx&2 school e/; gksxk tcfd intranet school competition school ds vanj vFkkZr~
fdlh school foks"k ds school cPpks ds e/; gksxkA
Bhd mlh izdkj internet es dbZ Network ,d nwljs ds lkFk O;kid :I ls tqMs+ jgrs gSA
tcfd Intranet es fdlh foks"k organization ;k personal Networking gksrh gSA LAN dks
intranet ds mnkgj.k ds :Ik es dqN gn rd le>k tk ldrk gSA

Internet o intranet es nksuks es cqfu;knh varj Environmental dk Hkh gksrk gSA vkSj nksuks
dh site dks Hkh vyx&2 design fd;k tkrk gS nksuks dks iz;ksx djus dk rjhdk Hkh
vyx&2 gksrk gS o nksuks dh access speed Hkh vyx&2 gh gksrh gS lkFk gh nksuks ds
platform o operating system es Hkh fHkUurk,Wa gks ldrh gSA
Internet vkSj Intranet es ewyHkwr varj dqN bl izdkj gSA
Basic of Difference Internet Intranet

1-fy[kus dk rjhdk Internet dks geskk capital I Tkcfd Intranet dks small I
ls 'kq: fd;k tkrk gSA ls present djrs gS o 'krsZ
dksbZ okD; izkjaHk u gks jgk
gSA
2-Network Internet vyx&2 Networks Intranet futh&2 Network
dk network dgykrk gS dks gh lfEefyr djrk gS
bles fofHkUu izdkj ds LAN ls feydj curk gSA
network tSls fd LAN,
MAN, WAN lfEefyr gSA
3-Web-design Internet es fdlh website Tkcfd Intranet es website
dks design djuk dfBu dk;Z dsk design djuk cgqr gh
gksrk gSA ljy o vklku dk;Z gksrk
gSA
4-Protocol Internet es eq[; :I ls Intranet eq[; :I ls local
common protocl use fd;k area network ij dke
tkrk gS tks fd gj izdkj ds djrk gS blfy, bles Lan
network ij dk;Z djrk gSA es dk;Z djus okyk protocol
mi;ksxh gksrk gSA
5-Use of frames Internet website es frames Tkcfd Intranet website
dk ue de ls de fd;k fuekZ.k es frames dk use
vf/kd gksrk gS vkSj bles
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tkrk gSA d;ksfd search dfBukbZ Hkh ugh vkrh gSA

engine dks website ds
frame es index djus es
eqfdy vkrh gSA
6-Web space Internet ij mail server o Tkcfd Internet dh rqyuk es
lwpukvks dk iz;ksx intranet es mail server o
lkoZtfud news group lwpukvks dk iz;ksx futh
cukus es gksrk gSA news group cukus ds fy,
fd;k tkrk gSA
Q.3 Protocols dks le>kb,@ifjHkkf"kr dhft,@ Protocols ds dk;ksZ o izdkjks ij Hkh
izdkk Mkfy,\
Ans. Protocols dk iz;ksx Informations dks ,d computer ls nwljs computer ds Hkstus ds
fy, ;k computer networks ds chp lwpukvks ds vknku iznku ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Protocols Rules & procedudes dk group gksrk gS tks fd lwpukvks ds vknku iznku dks
fu;af=r djrk gSA
tSlk fd ge tkurs gS fd fdlh Hkh izdkj dh lwpukvks dks tranfer djus ds fy, vusd
vko;drk,Wa gksrh gSA
tSls& Information, computer or computer networkd ftuds chp lwpukvks dk vknku&iznku

gksrk gS rFkk ,sls ek/;e ftuds }kjk lwpuk,Wa ,d network ls nwljs network rd igqWaprh
gS vkSj blds Ikpkr~ lcls t:jh o vko;d ;g gksrk gS fd protocol tks fd
information dks vkokxeu ds vuq:I cukdj mls ,d network ls nwljs network rd
Hkstrk gS rFkk nwljs network ij mifLFkr protocol ml lwpuk dks mlds iqjkus format es
change djds user dks miyC/k djkrk gSA
Networking ,d ,slk ek/;e gS ftlds }kjk fdlh Hkh lwpukvks dks ,d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku ij 'kh?kz vfrkh?kz igqWapk;k tk ldrk gS ,slh fLFkfr es ;g vko;d gS fd
computer es lwpukvks dk vknku&iznku de ls de xyfr;ks ds lkFk gks ldsA blds
fy, Interrnet ds lHkh networkd es dqN fufpr fu;eks dk ikyu gksuk pkfg;s ,sls gh
fu;eks dks internet protocol dgrs gSA
nks O;fDr;ks ds e/; ijLij communication djus dk ek/;e gh protocol gSA
nks vyx&2 O;fDr;ks ds chp comunication rc rd laHko ugh gks ldrk gS tc rd fd

og nksuks O;fDr ,d leku Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx u djsA dksbZ Hkh communication protocol nks
18 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
computer ds e/; ,d argument gksrk gSA ftlls og vius msg. dk vknku&iznku leku
Hkk"kk es djrs gSA
Protocol ds }kjk fdlh Hkh msg dk okLrfod format Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gSA ftles
dksbZ ,d computer nwljs computer dks msg. Hkst ldrk gSA
Internet es eq[;r% dke vkus okys protocol dks internet protocol dgk tkrk gS ;s vius
NksVs uke IP ds :Ik es vf/kd izpfyr gSA ;s internet ls tqMs+ computer ds e/; lapkj
ds fy, vko;d fooj.k izLrqr djrk gSA IP ;s fu/kkZfjr djrs gSA fd fdl izdkj dh
lwpukvksa dks fdl Js.kh ds vraxZr j[kuk gS o mUgs fdl izdkj vyx&2 computer rd
Hkstuk gSA Internet ls tqM+us okys lHkh computer }kj IP fu;eks dk ikyu fd;k tkuk
vko;d gSA
Protocols ds dk;Z o muds izdkj&
1-TCP (Transformission/Transfer control potocol)- ;g lcls egRoiw.kZ internet protocol

gS ;g ;s computer ds e/; laca/k LFkkfir dj data transmit djrk gS T;knk rj internet
program bl protocol dk iz;ksx djrs gSA bl protocol ds iz;ksx ds dkj.k data miss
gksus dk Mj ugh gksrk ;g ,d connection oriented protocol gSA ;g IP protocol ds lkFk
feydj TCP/IP cu tkrk gSA
2-IP- ;g Protocol TCP rd packet igqWapkus dk dk;Z djrk gS vFkkZr~ cM+h&2 lwpukvksa dks
NksV&2 packets es ifjofrZr djds mls TCP rd igqWapkrk gS rFkk TCP mu packets dks
receive djds lwpukvksa dks user rd igqWapkus es enn djrk gS blfy, TCP/IP ,d
egRoiw.kZ IP ekus tkrs gSA
3-FTP(File transfer protocol)- ;g protocol ,d system ls nwljs system ij ;k ,d

network ls nwljs network rd transfer djus ds dke vkrk gS ;g client server model
ij vk/kkfjr gksrk gS FTP client process o server process ds e/; nks connection
LFkkfir djrk gSA ,d data transfer djus ds fy, o nwljk lwpukvksa dks fu;af=r djus ds
fy,A
4-SMTP (Simple main transfer protocol)- E-ail ,d egRoiw.kZ internet service gS TCP/IP
ifjokj dk ;g protocol internet ij E-mail dks lgk;rk nsrk gSA vFkkZr~ SMTP nks
system ds chp es mail ds vknku&iznku ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
5-POP (Post office protocols)- ;g protocol client server model ij vk/kkfjr gksrk gS bl
protocol dk iz;ksx email dks download rFkk upload djus ds fy, gksrk gSA bl protocol
ds ek/;e ls user client server ls Hkh e-mail izkIr dj ldrk gSA
19 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
6-TFTP (Travel file transfer protocol)- ;g FTP dh rqyuk es ,d lk/kkj.k protocol gs

;g FTP ds leku xq.k Hkh display ugh djrk ;g ,d lk/kkj.k protocol gS tks fd ,d
system ls nwljs system ij file dks transfer djrk gSA bldh ,d ek= foks"krk ;g gS
fd blds vUnj fdlh client process o server process ds chp file dks izkIr djus o
cspus dh ;ksX;rk gSA
7-PPP (Point to point protocol)- Internet service provider Isp }kjk xzkgdks dks viuh lsokvks
ls tksM+us ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA ;g network dks dialup connection dh facility nsrk gSA
8-SNMP (Simple network management protocol)- ;g protocol vyx&2 networks

izkkldks dks network device ls tqM+us dh o mUgs manage djus dh permission nsrk gSA
9-ARP (All rooting information protocol/Add resolution protocol)- ;g nks computer ds

e/; rst ds lkFk root jkLrk <w<us dk dk;Z djrk gS dqN [kkl&2 network es bl
protocol dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bl protocol dh [kkl ckr ;g Hkh gksrh gS fd ;g
internet address dks hardware address es cny nsrk gSA
10-RARP (Reverse address resolution protocol)- ;g protocol ARP ds foifjr gksrk gS

;g hardware address dks internet address es cnyus dk dk;Z djrk gSA
Q.4 ISP dks laf{kIr ifjHkkf"kr dhft,\
Ans. ,d internet service iznkudrkZ vFkkZr~ internet server provider ISP fdlh user dks
internet account o E-mail account iznku djrk gSA vFkkZr~ Internet service provider ,sls
vander gksrs gS tks fdlh user dks internet iz;ksx djus dh vuqefr iznku djrs gSA
lkekU;r% ;g service provider viuh service dk ewY; Hkh ysrs gSA ijUrq dqN
government o educational laLFkkvks dks eqr es service miyC/k djkrs gSA
Internet service provider NEP Network entry point ;k pop point to person ds ek/;e ls
fdlh user dks internet ls tksM+rs gSA lkekU;r% izR;sd user vius computer ;k viuh
company es yxs gq, computer dks internet ds ek/;e ls tksM+uk pkgrs gSA rc ISP dqN
bl izdkj dh connectivity user dks provide
djk;sxkA
ftls ge fp=
es ns[k ldrs
gSA
20 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
ISP ds ek/;e ls internet access djus ds fofHkUu rjhds gks ldrs gSA tks fuEufyf[kr
gSA
Type of connectivity-
1-Leased line- Leased line ,d service gSA tks fdlh user ds fy, lefiZr gksrh gSA nwljs
vU; users ds lkFk tqM+h jgrh gS ;g connection telephone network es switchs ds }kjk
LFkkfir gksrk gS tks user bl service dks subscribe djrk gSA mls ,slk eglwl gksrk gSA
fd mlds fy, ,d connection line mlh ds dk;Z ds fy, lefiZr gSA D;ksfd switch
geskk can jgrs gSA vr% connection LFkkfir djus ds fy, dialong djus dh vko;drk
ugh gksrh gSAA
;fn vki vius computer dks internet ls 24 hours connect j[kuk pkgrs gS rks vkidks
viuh telephone computer ls leased line ds fy, lEidZ djuk gksxkA blds fy, user
dks ekfld fees nsuh gksrh gS u fd line dk mi;skx fd;s tkus okys le; varjky ds
vk/kkj ij iSlk pay djuk iM+rk gSA ,d ckj system ij logged on gksus ij uer viuh
vko;drkuqlkj fdruh Hkh nsu online jg ldrk gSA leaseed line dh band widths
vf/kd gksrh gS vr% user T;knk data dks de le; es ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij Hkst
ldrk gSA
fuEu fp= ds ek/;e ls bls le>k tk ldrk gSA
2-Dialup- ;g internet ls connect gksus dk lLrk o lk/kkj.k rjhdk gksrk gSA bldks
telephone line ds leku gh mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bl rjg ds connection es user dks
21 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
internet ls connect djus ds fy, ISP ds }kjk 1 no. fn;k tkrk gSA ftl dialup no.
dgrs gS bl dks dialup djus ds mijkUr user internet ls connect gks tkrk gS ,d ckj
es fufprk la[;k es gh user dialup line dks access dj internet ls connect gks ldrs
gSA ,d ckj line O;Lr gks tkus ij vU; user bl nkSjku connect ugh gks ldrsA mUgs
bartkj djuk gksxkA
Dialup lsok leased line ds vis{kk vf/kd yphyk gksrh gSA bls mi;ksx es ykus ds fy,
o fdlh izfl) tel. communication package dh vko;drk gksrh gSA
3-VSAT- bldk iwjk uke very small aparture terminal gksrk gS bls rduhdh :Ik ls
sattelite ls twM+k gqvk ,d intelligent earth station dgk tkrk gSA ;g vfo"dkj internet
dh nqfu;k es ,d cgqr gh vnHkwr vkSj u;k vfo"dkj FkkA tks fd cgqr de nj okys
micro station ij ykxw gqvkA ;g NksVs terminal 1 mtr. Entina okys gksrs gS vkSj 1 watt
yxHkx 92.2 kbps gskrk gS rFkk down link yxHkx 512 kbps gksrk gS cgqr ls VSAT
system ftuds varxZr micro station fdlh vkSj station ls vFkkZr~ sattelite ds }kjk lh/ks
tqM+us dh {kerk ugh j[krs gSA ;s ,d foks"k izdkj ds ground station ij cM+k entina
j[krs gSA ftuds }kjk VSAT ds e/; lwpukvksa dk vknku&iznku gskrk gSA vkSj ;s VSAT
ds e/; lwpukvks dk vknku&iznku gksrk gSA vkSj ;s HUB dgykrs gS bl izdkj dh
fdz;kvksa es lwpuk Hkstus okys sender vkSj receiver ds ikl cgqr cM+s entina vkSj
vR;f/kd {kerk okys amplifier gksrs gSA ftuds }kjk lwpuk dk vknku&iznku ljyrk ls
gks tkrk gS fuEufyf[kr ds }kjk bls le>k tk ldrk gSA
Q.5 E-mail ij laf{kIr fVI.kh fyf[k,\
22 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
Ans. Concept of E-mail- E-mail internet ds }kjk iznku dh xbZ ,d vk/kkjHkwr lsok gSA
Internet }kjk iznku dh xbZ lsokvksa es E-mail lcls vf/kd famous gSA E-mail ,d ,slk
system gSA ftles ,d comptuer user fdlh vU; computer user dks vyx&2 izdkj ds
lansk o vyx&2 izdkj dh lwpukvksa dk vknku&iznku dj ldrk gSA E-mail internet dh
cgqmi;ksxh lqfo/kk gSA ftlds }kjk ,d O;fDr foo ds fdlh Hkh dkSus es cSBs vU;
O;fDr;ks ls lEidZ lFkkfir dj ldrk gSA E-mail dks ge Mkd lsok dk uke Hkh ns
ldrs gS D;ksfd ftl izdkj iqjkus le; es lansk dks Hkstus ds fy, Mkd lsok dh help
yh tkrh FkhA Bhd mlh izdkj vkt ds le; es communication ds fy, E-mail dh help
yh tkrh gSA Mkd lsok dh rqyuk es E-mail vf/kd rhoz o lLrk gksrk gSA vkSj bl ij
nwfj;ks dk Hkh dksbZ izHkko ugh iM+rk gSA nqfu;k es yxHkx 3 djksM+ yksx internet ls tqMs+
gS vkSj bl lsok dk ykHk ys jgs gSA E-mail dk iz;ksx djus ds fy, fofHkUu software
iz;ksx es yk;s tkrs gSA E-mail djus ds fy, ;g vko;d ugh gS fd E-mail Hkstus
okys o izkIr djus okys ds ikl ,d leku computer gSA
Exa- ;fn ge fdlh office es dke dj jgs gS vkSj office ds vU; fdlh O;fDr dks E-
mail ds ek/;e ls lansk nsuk pkgrs gS rks gekjs office network es internet ds fy, ,d
gateway gksrk gS tks gekjs lanskks dks internet ds ek/;e ls Hkstrk gSA
Gateway ,d ,slk computer ;k computer es execute gksus okyk ,d ,slk program gSA
tks fd ,d network ls nwljs network ij files dks Hkstrk gS fu-fp- ds }kjk bls le>k
tk ldrk gSA
E-MAIL ds ykHk%&
23 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
1-Fast communication- E-mail ds ek/;e ls ge fdlh Hkh O;fDr ls lEidZ LFkkfir dj

ldrs gS pkgs og nqfu;k ds fdlh Hkh dksus es D;w u cSBk gks ge ml O;fDr ls ljyrk
iwoZd lEidZ dj ldrs gSA vkSj blls cgqr gh tYnh communication cuk ldrs gSA
2-lLrk lk/ku& E-mail vius fjrsnkjks o fe=ks ls ckrphr djus dk cgqr gh lLrk
rjhdk gSA E-mail ij nwfj;ks dk dksbZ Hkh izHkko ugh iM+rk vFkkZr~ nwjh vf/kd gksus ij
cost dk Hkh dksbZ izHkko ugh iMrkA
3-lanskks ds [kskus dk Mj ugh& E-mail dh lcls vPNh ckr ;g gksrh gS fd blds }kjk
Hksts x, lanskks dks [kskus dk Mj dksbZ ugh gksrkA
4-nwjh;ks dk izHkko ugh& E-mail es [kkl ckr ;g gS fd bl ij nwfj;ks dk dksbZ izHkko

ugh iM+rk vFkkZr foo ds fdlh Hkh dksus es cSBs fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks E-mail fd;k tk
ldrk gS vkSj ;g mail dqN gh second es vius fu/kkZfjr LFkku ij igqWap tkrk gSA
5-Appointment dh t:jr ugh& E-mail Hkstus okys O;fDr dks E-mail izkIr djus okys
O;fDr ls fdlh izdkj dk appointment ugh ysuk iM+rkA bls ge viuh lqfo/kk ds
vuqlkj Hkst ldrs gS vkSj izkir djus okyk bls viuh lqfo/kkuqlkj bls izkIr dj
ldrk gSA
6-gj izdkj ds lanskks dk vknku&iznku laHko& E-mail ds ek/;e ls ge letters,

message, vyx&2 izdkj dh information ds lkFk&2 fofHkUu izdkj dh files, data, photo
picture vkSj vU; document dks ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij Hkst ldrs gSA
7-E-mail storage dh lqfo/kk- ;fn dksbZ Hkh user fdlh vU; user dks mail Hkstrk gS vkSj
og vU; user ml mail dks fdlh dkj.kok receive ugh dj ikrk gSA rc og Hkstk x;k
mail mail box es store gsk tkrk gSA vkSj og vU; user fdlh Hkh le; ml mail dks
vklkuh ls open djds i<+ ldrk gSA
8-fdlh izdkj dk fojks/k ugh& E-mail Hkstrs le; dksbZ Hkh O;fdr ;k ek/;e fdlh Hkh
izdkj dk fojks/k mRiUu dj ldrkA blds lkF&2 E-mail dks izkIr djus okyk Hkh blls
vojks/k eglwl ugh djrkA
Limitation of E-mail-
E-mail internet dh cgqr gh vnHkwr lsok gS ftlls bldh foks"krk cgqr vf/kd gS ijUrq
foks"krkvks ds lkFk&2 dqN lhek,a Hkh gS tks fuEufyf[kr gSA
1-pwWafd e-mail ,d computer ls nwljs computer system dks fdlh network ds ek/;e ls
Hkstk tkrk gS vr% vU; O;fdr dks e-mail i<us dh laHkkouk,a c< tkrh gS ftlls dh e-
mail lanskks ij lqj{kk yxk ikuk eqfdy gksrk gSA
24 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
2-e-mail ds ek/;e ls ge Hkkoukvks dks O;Dr ugh dj ldrs D;ksfd e-mail izkIr djus
okyk O;fDr gekjs gko Hkko ugh ns[k ldrk vkSj u gh gekjh vkokt lqu ldrk vkSj
dHkh&2 ,slk gksrk gS fd gekjs }kjk Hksts x, lanskks dk xyr vFkZ le> cSBs
3-Sender ds e-mail dk udyh e-mail address cuk;k tk ldrk gS sender ds e-mail ds

vk/kkj ij sender ds ckjs es lgh infromation fey ldrh gS vFkkZr~ sender dh lgh
tkudkjh izkIr ugh dh tk ldrh D;ksfd xyr lwpukvks ij vk/kkfjr Hkh gks ldrk gSA
4-dqN e-mail ds tjh, picture document page vkfn dks Hkst ikuk eqfdy gks tkrk gSA
Q.6 E-mail fdl izdkj dk dk;Z djrk gSA laf{kIr ifjHkkf"kr dhft,\
vFkok
E-mail dh dk;Z fof/k ij ppkZ dhft,\
Ans. E-mail iz.kkyh client server ds vuqlkj dk;Z iz.kkyh gSA E-mail ds }kjk vyx&2
izdkj ds lanskks dks sender ds computer ls user ds computer ds mail box es transfer
djkus dk dk;Z djrk gSA lanskks dks transfer djus es nks programs dh vko;drk gksrh
gSA d;ksfd ,d computer ij tc dksbZ ,d apli. Program pyrk gSA rc fdlh nwljs
computer ds mailbox es lh/ks&2 data dks store ugh fd;k tk ldrkA
E-mail iz.kkyh dks ge dqN bl izdkj Hkh le> ldrs gSA
25 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
tSlk fd fp= es crk;k x;k gSA

fd ,d user ,d e-mail message
internet ds ek/;e ls Hkstuk gSA
;g message receiver ds e-mail
box es store gks tkrk gSA e-mail
box server es ,d file store gksrh
gSA ftlds }kjk e-mail box es ls
message dks receiver }kjk dHkh
Hkh receive fd;k tk ldrk gSA
tc dksbZ Hkh ,d user ,d msg.
Hkstrk gS rc sender ds e-mail
server program ls lEidZ djrk gS vkSj Hksts x, message dks user ds mail box es igqWapk
nsrk gSA
Q.7 E-mail account ls d;k rkRi;Z gS rFkk E-mail address cukus dh izfdz;k dks
foLrkj iwoZd le>kb,\
Ans. E-mail message dh rduhd ikjEifjd message communication ls cgqr T;knk fHkUu
ugh gksrhA msg. send djrs le; lcls egRoiw.kZ fgLlk bldk add. gksrk gSA Add ml
LFkku vFkkZr~ location dk fooj.k gksrk gSA tgkWa msg. Hkstk tk jgk gSA e-mail add.
ikjLifjd add. System ds leku gh gSA tSls fd fuEufyf[kr E-mail add dk ,d
example dqN bl izdkj gSA
Eci Gwalior _Ins.@yahoo.com
,d e-mail add. vyx&2 Hkkxks es feydj cuk gksrk gSA
tSls&
Eci Gwalior. ins. @ yahoo com
User name symbol at domain name Domain extention name
E-mail msg. vkokt video graphics vkfn dks digital communication link ds mij Hkstus ds
,d fof/k gS tSls internet ,d ek/;e gSA ftlds }kjk iwjh nqfu;k es cgqr de iSlks es
dkQh tYnh ,d system ls nwljs system ij msg. dks Hkst ldrs gSA rduhdh :Ik ls
ns[kk tk;s rsk E-mail ,d client server type dk applicatin gS tks ;s e-mial accounts ds
chp store fd, x, msg. dks Hkstus ds fy, route miyC/k djkrk gS D;ksfd vkt ds
26 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
okrkoj.k es lHkh modem computer internet ls tqM+ ldrs gSA ftlds ek/;e ls user
internt ij fdlh Hkh LFkku ij E-mail dks Hkst ldrk gSA tks telephone ;k wireless
digital lsok dks j[krk gSA
E-mail msg. binary data ls feydj cus gksrs gS tks fd lkekU;r% ASCII (American
standard code for intormation interchange) text format es cus gksrs gSA ASCII ,d
standrad tks fdlh Hkh computer dks enable dj ldrk gS bldk ms; system ds
hardware ;k text dks read djus es gksrk gSA ge vius E-mail msg. ds lkFk picture,
excutable program, song, video vkSj nwljh binary file dks Hkst ldrs gSA E-mail msg. es 5
selection gksrs gSA
E-mail address
Header
Body
Attachment Optional
Signature Optional
1-E-mail Address- ,d E-mail addres nks vyx&2 Hkkxks ls feydj cuk gksrk gSA
E-mail server computer dk domain name ftl ij gekjh email account gSA
gekjh personal identity ;k acoount name tks mlh main server ij gSA
For exa- 200 O;fDr;ks dk ,d gh ISP ;k organisation ij e-ail account gksrk gS lHkh
200 user ,d gh domain name dks share djsxsa tSls yahoo.com ysfdu izR;sd O;fdr
ds ikl vyXk&2 user name gksxsA
tSls& Rahul, pooja, sushma user name rFkk domain name @at symbol ds }kjk vyx
gskxsa e-mail address dk izk:Ik dqN bl izdkj gksrk gSA
Eci Gwalior. ins. @ yahoo . com
User name at Domain domain

Symbol name
27 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
2-Header- E-mail msg. dk header Hkkx lcls mij dk section gksrk gS ;g message ds
status ls laacaf/kr lwpuk dks display djrk gS headers nksusk msg. vFkkZr~ sender o
receiver nksuks dks display djrk gS header fuEufyf[kr lwpukvks dks fn[kkrk gSA
Date & time of message

Subject of message
CC Carbon copy
4-Message ds lkFk ;fn dksbZ vyx file attach djuh gS rks attachment dk option Hkh
vkrk gS
5-Hkstus okys dk E-mail address
3-Body- E-mail msg. dh body sender vkSj receiver ds fy, ,d dsUnz fcUnq gksrk gSA
D;ksfd blds vUnj ,d okOrfod msg. fy[kk tkrk gSA gkWaykfd bles size dh lhek ugh
gksrh ijUrq cgqr gh ISP ,d E-mail msg. dks size es Hkh miyC/k djkrs gSA
4-Attachment- ;g option user ds fy, optional gksrk gS ;g rks user dks ,d advance
lqfo/kk nh xbZ gSA rkfd user vyx&2 places ij cuh gqbZ Fkk store dh gqbZ file dks
vklkuh ls attach dj ldsA vkSj mls send dj ldsA Attachment option ds }kjk fdlh
28 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
Hkh izdkj dh audio, video, text ;k graphical file dks attach fd;k tk ldrk gSA vksj
mls send fd;k tk ldrk gSA
5-Signature- E-mail msg. ds fy, signature O;fDrxr lwpuk gksrh gSA tks outgoing sms
dk button display djrh gSA signature dk user ,sfPNd gksrk gSA ,d signature block
fuEu lwpuk,a display gksrh gSA
Full name
Job tittle
Organiation name & address
Phone & file no.
Physical address
E-mail address
Website address URL
Q.8 Domain name D;k gSA Domain uke registratin dh izfdz;k dks le>kb;s\
Ans. Domain network es file server dk logical group gS domain name network es
connected system ds group es server dks fn;k x;k ,d uke gksrk gSA domain dks
name nsus ds system dks domain name server DNS dgrs gSA DNS ,d distributed
database system gSA tks client application ds fy, transport level dk dk;Z djrh gSA
DNS server database dks maintain djrk gSA tks device identification ds fy, logical
names dks iz;ksx djus ds fy, vyx&2 name structure ls feydj cuh gksrh gS tc
fdlh O;fDr ;k company dks viuh site internet ij display djuh gksrh gS rks blds
fy, ml company dks domain name registratin djokuk gksrk gS tks ;g nkkZrk gS fd
site commercial gS ;k educational
Domain name dh lqfo/kk dbZ company internet site ds ek/;e ls miyC/k djokrh gS
fdlh Hkh user dks viuh site internet ij display djus ds fy, mls domain name
registration djokuk iM+rk gSA domain name registration dh lqfo/kk intre NIC }kjk miyC/k
djkbZ tkrh gS Intre NIC dk dk;Z vkidh site dks register djus dk gksrk gS og site dgkWa
ij store gksxh ;g lc og company miyC/k djkrh g tks vkidh site dks store djus
ds fy, ,d memory miyC/k djkrh gSA ;g vki ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd vki fdl
compnay dk pquko djrs gSA vkt dy dbZ lkjh internet companies user dh vko;drk
vuqlkj vius server ij user dh site dks j[kus gsrw txg miyC/k djkrh gSA ;g user
ls dqN ewY; ysrh gSA
Domain name registratin djkrs le; fuEufyf[kr ckrks dks /;ku es j[kuk pkfg;sA
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1. Registration ds fy, fdruk ewY; vnk djuk iM+ jgk gS

2. Use djus ds fy, fdruh free disk space miyC/k gSA
3. Free limit lekIr gks tkus ds mijkUr per MB LFkku izkIr djus ds fy, fdruk
ewY; vnk djuk iM+ jgk gSA
4. fofHkUu rduhfd lg;ksx miyC/k gS ;k ughA
5. fdlh Hkh user dh lwpukvks dks fdruh lwj{kk iznku dh tk jgh gSA rkfd dksbZ
unauthorised user mu lwpukvks dk iz;ksx u dj ldsA
Internet es domain name 3 section foHkkftr gksrk gSA
Generic Domain
Country Domain
Inverse Domain
A.Generic Domain- Generic domain dks fuEufyf[kr lkj.kh es display fd;k x;k gSA
Name Description
.com O;olkf;d laLFkkvks ds fy,
.edu 'kS{kf.kd O;olkvks ds fy,
.gov 'kkldh; laLFkkvks ds fy,
.int varjk"Vh; laLFkkvks ds fy,
.mil 'kSU; laLFkkvks ds fy,
.net networking system ds fy,
.org Non profit laLFkkvks ds fy,
B. Country Domain- Country domain name fofHkUu lanskks ds identification ds fy, fn;k
tkrk gS tSls india ds fy, .IN, USA ds fy, .US vkfnA
C. Inserse domain- Inverse domain name address dks mape djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
website dk design djus ds Ipkr bls internet ij display djus ls igys bls upload
djus dh vko;drk gksrh gSA website dks upload djus ls igys web server space fy;k
tkrk gSA vkSj bl space domain name dks register djrs gS tSls www.yahoo.com ,d
domain name gSA
Q.9 URL (Universal resources locator) dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,\
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Ans. fdlh internet document dks iz;ksx djus ds fy, address vko;drk gksrh gSA
document dk iz;ksx iwjs lalkj es forfjr djus ds fy, HTTP locater dk iz;ksx djrk
gSA URL ,d fufpr ekid gS tks fd fdlh lwpuk ij internet ij O;dr djrk gSA
URL pkj Hkkxks dks O;Dr djrk gSA
Method Host computer Part Path
Protocol }kjk fdlh document dks okil izkIr djus ds fy, ;g rjhdk iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA
tSls fd HTTP information post computer ij fLFkr gksrh gS web page izk;% computer es
fLFkr gksrs gS or computer bl izdkj miuke nsrs gSA tks fd izk;% WWW es 'kq) gksrs gS
URL server dk part no. yxrk gS or ;g fdlh host es color (:) }kjk vyx jgrk gSA
URL
(Uniform resources locator)
Method : // Host computer : port / Path
Path file dk og path uke gksrk gS tgkWa ij lwpuk;s store gksrh gSA
ljy 'kCnks es ge dg ldrs gSA URL internet resources dk unick address gksrk gS URL dk
iz;ksx internet ij O;olkf;d code display djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS Url port, path dk
uke fn;k FkkA mUgs ge dqN bl rjg Hkh O;Dr dj ldrs gSA
Transfer protocol
Server name
Directory path
File name
http : // www yahoo.com / html / IDM mtml
transfer server name directory file name
website cukus ds i'pkr~ bls internet ij upload fd;k tkrk gSA ftls ftl uke ls
upload djrs gSA mls domain uke dgrs gS or blds i'pkr~ internet ij tc fdlh
O;olkf;d dks load djrs gSA rks internet explorer es address explorer es website dk
iwjk uke type djrs gS ftls URL ;k web address dgk tkrk gSA
Q.10 E-mail dk ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, E-mail ds free e-mail service ij ppkZ
dhft,\
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Ans. Free e-mail service- lkekU;% lHkh website lsok iznku djrh gS ftues ls dqN fuEu
gSA
www yahoo.com
www india time.com
www redill.com
www hotmail.com
www google.com
www sify.com
eqr e-mail lsok iznku djus dk ms; user ls fofHkUu inf. izkIr djuk gS ftlls mu
tkudkfj;ks dks ,d= dj database rS;kj dj ldsA bl database dk use fofHkUu
companies }kjk vius fufeZr lkekuks] eqQr E-mail lsok nsdj ;g companies viuk
izpkj djrh gS o yksdfiz;rk gkfly djus dk use djrh gSA
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UNIT-3
Q.1 Internet chatting ls d;k rkRi;Z gSA Internet chatting dks le>kb;s\
Ans. Chatting- Chatting rqjUr communication dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gS og tc vki

fdlh chat program dh lgk;rk ls ckrphr djrs gSA rks vkids }kjk type fd;k x;k
message mu lHkh computer dh screen ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gS tks fd ckrphr ds msg. dk
vknku&iznku dj jgs gksrs gSA ;g telephone ij ckr djus tSlk ugh gksrkA chatting es
dbZ O;fDr vkil es msg. dk vknku&iznku djrs gSA chatting djus ds fy, dbZ
program fofHkUu site ij miyC/k gSA ftudks vki internet ls download dj ldrs gSA
chatting djus dh lqfo/kk dbZ internet site }kjk iznku dh tkrh gSA
tSls% yahoo site ij chatting dh lqfo/kk iznku djus ds fy, vkidks yahoo msg. uke dk
chatting program download djuk gksxkA
chatting ckrphr djus dk cgqr gh ljy o lLrk ek/;e gksrk gSA
chatting nks izdkj dh gksrh gS%&
1-Text chatting 2-Voice chatting
1-Text chatting- text chatting es lwpukvks dk vknku iznku text vFkkZr~ 'kCnks ds :Ik es
gksrk gSA Text chatting es chatting djus okys user screen ij lHkh msg. text ds :Ik es
ns[k ldrs gSA chat dh help ls lanskks dks fy[kdj vkxs Hkst Hkh ldrs gSA
Internet ds ek/;e ls rqjUr vknku iznku gh chatting dgykrk gSA
Chat prgogram es vyx&2 izdkj dh window gksrh gSA igyh window es msg. receive
gksrs gS vkSj nwljh window es msg. type fd;k tkrk gSA vkSj LkHkh window es fn, x,
sent button dh help ls lwpukvks o lanskks ds cMs Lrj ij net ds ek/;e ls vkxs Hkstk
tk ldrk gSA
2- Voice chatting- ;g chatting dk ,d cgqr gh vPNk rjhdk gksrk gS blds varxZr

chatting djus okys O;fDr microphone dh help ls computer es web file ds :I es
ifjofrZr djds mudk vknku iznku djrs gS vksj bl izdkj ds dk;Z ds fy, voice
chatting dh lqfo/kk iznku djkus okyh site or program internet ij miyC/k gksrs gSA
voice chat ds varxZr user lankks dh lqfo/kk iznku djus okyh website dqN bl izdkj
gSA
www yahoo.com, www hot.mail.com, wwwgmail.com etc bu lHkh website ij voice chat
dh lqfo/kk iznku dh tkrh gSA bl izdkj dh chatting es nksuks O;fDr sender or receiver
nksuks ds ikl microphone gksuk vfr vko;d gSA
33 | P a g e
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Q.2 Telnet Concept dks le>kb,\
Ans. Telnet ,d ,slh lqfo/kk gS tks user dks fdlh vU; computer rd igqWqpkus dk dk;Z
djrh gSA tc user internet ls tqMs+ computer ij dk;Z djrk gSA rc user ykHk vkSj
computer ls tqM+s ,d cgqr cM+s network ls tqM+ tkrk gSA ;g network bl izdkj rS;kj
fd;k tkrk gSA fd tks Hkh computers blls tqM+s o network ls Hkh tqM+ tk,A user
computer ds }kjk network ls tqM+dj fdlh vU; computer ls lwpuk dk vknku iznku
dj ldrk gS vkSj fdlh Hkh program dks ml computer ij run djk ldrk gS ;g lHkh
dk;Z ml computer ij run djk ldrk gS ;g lHkh dk;Z internet ij telnet service ds
}kjk miyC/k djk, tkrs gSA
Telnet service bl izdkj rS;kj dh tkrh gS fd user internet ij fdlh ,d site ds }kjk
dbZ vyx&2 lqfo/kk,a software data dks nwljh site ij miyc/k gS mUgs vius computer
ij yk ldsA user telnet ds }kjk fdlh Hkh remote site ij nks computer ij telnet type
djds vkSj domain name type djds enter key dks press djsxkA
Telnet ij dke djrs le; user dks name vkSj password dh vkod;rk gksrh gS tc
nkusks lgh gksrs gS rc user remote computer ls connect gks tkrk gS vkSj mldh lsokvks
dk ykHk mBk ldrk gSA
Q.3 Telnet fdl izdkj iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS vkSj mlds ykHkks ij izdkk Mkfy,\
Ans. telnet dk full form tele communication network gSA ;g ,d virual dk terminal
protocol gSA tks fd user dks ,d TCP/IP host ls nwljs host es access djus dh vuqefr
nsrk gS tgkWa host es rkRi;Z fofHkUu izdkj ds vyx&2 computer ls gSA
Internet ij telnet dk iz;ksx djds ge cgqr lkjs host dks ,d lkFk access dj ldrs gS
o mu ij miyC/k lwpukvks dks izkIr dj ldrs gSA telnet protocol remote log in
lqfo/kk Hkh miyC/k djkrk gS ftl dk vFkZ gksrk gS vius computer ij cSBs fdlh vU;
computer ij igqWpuk vkSj ogkWa nh xbZ vyx&2 tkudkfj;ks dks [ksktukA
Telnet Hkh FTP dh rjg TCp protocol miyC/k djkrk gSA telent ds }kjk fdlh Hkh remote
host ls connect djus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr step dks /;ku es j[kuk iM+rk gSA
Step
Click on the start button

Select the run option
Run dks select djrs gh run dk dialog box screen ij display gksdj vk,xk tgkWa
ij ge name box ij telenet type djsxsA
Click on the ok button
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OK button ij click djrs gh telnet dk prompt fn[kkbZ nsxkA

Prompt ij connect type djsxsA
Select the remote system
Domain name ;k IP address type djsxsA
Click on the OK button
OK button ij click djus ds mijkUr log in prompt ij user name vkSj passward
type djsxsA
bl izdkj user ds lkeus unix telent section open gksxkA tgkWa user unix dh vyx&2
command dk iz;ksx Hkh dj ldrk gSA
Telnet ds ykHk&
1-Connectivity- ;g ,d computer ls nwljs computer ij lEidZ LFkkfir djus es
lgk;rk iznku djrk gSA
2-Log in- ;g user dks networking ds nksjku fdlh vyx computer ij log in djus dh
vuqefr nsrk gSA
3-Direct sending- blds iz;ksx }kjk izR;sd v{kj lh/ks fdlh vU; computer ij Hksts tk
ldrs gSA
4-Multi programs- Telnet ,d ls vf/kd user dks ,d lkFk vyx&2 program pykus dh
vuqefr nsrk gSA
5-Telnet Hkh FTP dh rjg TCP protocol miyC/k djkrk gSA
Q.4 Remote login D;k gS\
Ans. Remote login Hkh nwljh internet applicatin dh rjg client server architecture model
dks follow djrk gS tc ge viuh LFkkuh; computer ls nwljs fdlh computer es izosk
djuk pkgrs gS rc ge ftl rduhd dk iz;ksx djrs gS mls remote login system dgk
tkrk gS bl rduhd ds }kjk ge vius computer ls nwjLFk computer es login dj ldrs
gSA computer es login lsok ds }kjk ge nwjLfk computer es login dj ikrs gSA rc ,slh
fLFkfr es og application client cu tkrk gSA tks fd TCP/IP dk iz;ksx dj internet ij
remote computer ds lkFk vkSj server ds lkFk lEidZ cukrk gS tc ,d ckj client vkSj
server ds e/; connection LFkkfir gks tkrk gS rks og software user dks lh/ks remote
computer ds lkFk laokn djus dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gS tc user keyboard ds }kjk
input djrk gS rks client program ml input fd, x, data dks remote machine ij Hkst
nsrk gSA rFkk tc remote computer dk application prgoram dksbZ output nsrk gS rks
35 | P a g e
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server mls client dks Hkst nsrk gS bl izdkj ;g izfdz;k yxkrkj pyrh jgrh gS tc
logout djrk gSA rc remote computer internet connection dks lekIr dj nsrk gSA
Q.4 FTP dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, FTP ds iz;ksx ds fy, fdl rjg ds FTP
software dh vko;drk gksrh gS le>kb,\
Ans. Internet dk lcls yksdfiz; rFkk eq[; mi;ksx file dks download djuk gS vFkkZr~
internet ij ,d computer ls nwljs computer ij file dk transfer djuk ,d cgqr gh
t:jh dk;Z ekuk tkrk gS FTP ,d ,slk protocol gS tks bl dk;Z dks lQy cukrk gSA
;g ,d computer network ls nwljs computer network es file dks Hkstu dk dk;Z djrk
gS FTP ds ek/;e ls gtkjks files dks internet ls ,d computer ls nwljs computer Ikj
transfer gksrh gSA FTP host computer ;k server ls fdlh vU; computer ij file dks copy
djus es lgk;rk iznku djrk gS vFkkZr~ FTP ,d ,slh rduhd gS tks fd file transfer es
eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkfr gS blds lkFk&2 internet ij ,d vkSj t:jh dk;Z downloading dk
gksrk gS vkSj bl downloading ds dk;Z es Hkh FTP dk iwjk lgk;ksx gksrk gS D;ksfd
vf/kdrj lHkh file FTP ds ek/;e ls gh transfer o download dh tkrh gSA FTP,
TCP/IP protocol ds lkFk gh iz;ksx gksrk gS vFkkZr~ ;s TCP/IP ds ifjokj dk gh lnL; gS
webserver dh rjg gh FTP dks install fd;k tkrk gS cgqr gh laLFkk, file dks forfjr
djus ds fy, FTP server dk gh use djrh gSA FTP server dks nks Hkkxks es ckaVk x;k
gSAA
Anonymous server
Non anonymous server
1-Anonymous server- bl server dk use lkekU;r% FTP server ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
FTP site tks ananymous dks allow djrk gS mls access djus ds fy, password dh
t:jr ugh gksrh vkidks dsoy anonymous ds :I es log in djus dh vko;drk
gksrh gS rFkk password ds :I es viuh E-mail ID dks enter fd;k tkrk gSA
2-Non-Anonymous server- blls user name o password nksuks dh gh t:jr gskrh gS

FTP client server model ij run djrk gS FTP dk use djus ds fy, user dks lcls
igys vius PC ij client software dks run djkus dh t:jr gksrh gSA rFkk tgkWa ls vki
file dks download djkus pkgrs gS mls FTp server es connect fd;k tkrk gSA FTP
communication dks handle djus ds fy, rFkk nks host computer ds e/; ,d relation
create djus ds fy, TCP dk use fd;k tkrk gSA
User FTP server ij login djrk gS rc ,d connection ftls ge command link dgrs gS
rFkk server rFkk user ds computer ds e/; open gks tkrk gS ;g link user ds computer
ls server dks command Hkstus es use gskrk gSA tc user ,d file dks download djus ds
fy, command type djrk gS rks nwljk connecting vius vki [kqy tkrk gSA ftls data
36 | P a g e
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connection ;k data linnk dgrs gS vkSj ;g connecting fuEufyf[kr rhu mode es

[kqydj vkrk gSA
1-ASCII mode 2-Binary mode 3-Line mode
1-ASCII mode- bl mode dk use text line, text file dks alert djus es fd;k tkrk gSA
2-Binary mode- bldk use binary file dks Hkstus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
3-Line mode- bldk use text file dks line by line Hkstus es fd;k tkrk gSA
FTP dk use djus ds fy, fUkEUk software iz;ksx es fy, tkrs gSA
1- GUI based FTP clients
a-WS_FTP client- Ws_FTP dk fodkl gq, dkQh le; gks x;k gS ysfdu vHkh Hkh ;g
lcls vPNk client software gSA ;g FTP client ljdkjh laLFkkvks rFkk academic users vkSj
O;fDrxr user ds fy, free gSA WS_FTP ds u, version dks internet ls download Hkh
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
b-Cute FTP- nwljs izdkj dk popular FTP client softwae gS ;g WS_FTP dh rjg gh gS
rFkk window ds left o right side es local vkSj remote system dh directry dks display
djrk gS cute FTP es ge local ls remmote system rfkk remote system ls local system
ij file dks drag o drop dj ldrs gSA
2-Browser based FTP client-
a-FTP with internet explorer- Microsoft internet explorer dk FTP interface audionary
window explorer holder ij vk/kkfjr gS tks vius computer ij remote file access dks
vklku cuk nsrk gSA
b-FTP with netscap navigator- ;g Hkh microsoft explorer dh rjg gh feature j[krk gSA
underline text ij double click djds ge file o folder dks access djrs gSA
Q.5 Client server architectures dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, foks"krkvks dks ifjHkkf"kr
dhft,\
Ans. Client server model ;k architecture ,sls okrkoj.k es rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS tgkWa
computer dh vf/kdrk gksA work station, file server, printer, database server, web server o
vU; midj.k fdlh network }kjk ,d nwljs ds lkFk tksM+s tkrs gSA
Exa- ekuk fd cgqr lkjs computers NksVs work station ls vkil es network ds }kjk
,d ,sls computer ds lkFk tqM+s gS ftu ij bl lHkh computers dh file save gks jgh gS
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rks ,sls model dks client server model ;k architecture dgrs gSA bl model es ,d ls
vf/kd client gksrs gS rFkk server ysfdu ,d gksrk gSA
Client viuh request network ds }kjk server dks Hkstrk gS rFkk server ml request dks
iwjk djrk gS bl rjg dk network resource dk iwjk use djus es help djrk gSA bl
model ds }kjk ge ,d ;k nks printers dks ,d cgqr cM+s computer network ds lkFk
tksM+ ldrs gSA bl network es 30 ls 40 computer ,d lkFk tksM+s tk ldrs gSA
Client server architecture dks fuEufp= ds }kjk le>k tk ldrk gSA
Client server architecture dh foks"krk,Wa&
fdlh computer network dk iwoZ :Ik ls mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Client server architecture mifLFkr resources dk iw.kZ :Ik ls mi;skx djuk lqfufpr djrk
gSA
Client server architecture queue drkj system dks iz;ksx es ykrk gSA
Client server architecure dh lgk;rk ls server ij mifLFkr lHkh resources dk mi;ksx

ljyrk ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Network dh nks technique
LAN local area network

WAN world area network
nksuks gh client server architecture ij vk/kkfjr gksrh gSA
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Internet Hkh client server architecture ij vk/kkfjr gksrk gSA
de ls de 'kCnks es client vkSj server nksusk dk vFkZ dqN bl izdkj fudkyk tkrk gSA
1-Client- ,d ,slk program gS tks fd ,d local machine ij run gks jgk gS rFkk server
ls fdlh service dh request djrk gSA
2-Server- server ,d ,slk program gS tks remote machine ij run dj jgk gS rFkk client
dh request dks Lokdkj djds mls iwjk dj jgk gS og server gSA
Q.6 Protocol dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk muds izdkj crkb,\
Ans. Protocol ,d ,slk software gS ftlds varxZr dqn vyx&2 fu;eks dk group o
instruction dk group Hkh 'kkfey gksrk gS tks fd internet ;k network ij ,d system ls
nwljs system ij data dks transfer djrk gS ,slh fLFkfr es ;g vko;d gS fd computer
es lwpuk dk vknku&iznku de ls de xyrh ds LkkFk lEiUu gks ldsA blds fy,
internet ds lHkh networks es dqN fufpr fu;eks dk ikyu gksuk pkfg, vkSj ,sls gh
fu;eks dks internet protocol dgk tkrk gSA
ljy 'kCnks es ;fn dgk tk, rks nks O;fDr ds e/; ijLij communication dk ek/;e gh
protocol gS D;ksfd nks vyx&2 O;dfr;ks ds chp ijLij communication ugh gk ldrk
tc rd dh nksuks O;fDr ,d leku Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx u dj lds vkSj protocol ,d ,slk
ek/;e gS ftlls dh nksuks O;fDr vius msg. dk vknku&iznkuleku Hkk"kk es dj ldrs
gS protocol ds }kjk fdlh Hkh msg. dk original formate Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gSA lkFk
gh mu ifjfLFkfr;ks dks Hkh Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gSA ftues ,d computer nwljs
computer dks msg. Hkst ldrk gSA Internet es eq[; :Ik ls dke djus okys protocol dks
internet protocol dgk tkrk gS vkSj ;g vius NksVs uke IP ds :Ik es izpfyr ,ao
izHkkfor gS ;g internet ls tqM+s computer ds e/; lapkj ds fy, vko;d fooj.k izLrqr
djrk gSA TCP/IP dks internet ds eq[; protocol ds :Ik es Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA TCP/IP
es TCP data dks NksVs&2 packets es change djrk gS vkSj IP bu packets dks ,d system
ls nwljs system rd Hkstrk gS E-mail es protocol dk ,d gh egRoiw.kZ rol gksrk gSA
TCP/IP ds vfrfjDr vkSj Hkh dbZ E-mail protocol gksrs gS tks dqN bl izdkj gSA
1-SMTP (Simple mail transfer protocol)- System es e-mail lqfo/kk dks execute djus gsrw
SMTP dk use fd;k tkrk gSA bl protocol dh lgk;rk ls mail dks ,d system ls
nwljs system ij igqWapk;k tkrk gSA ;g protocol TCP/IP protocol dk gh ,d lnL; gSA
2-POP (Post office protocol)- POP-1, Pop-2, POP-3 blh ds gh eq[; laLdj.k edition gS
bl protocol dk use eq[; :Ik ls mail server ds ek/;e ls e-mail msg. dks mailbox
es store djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS blds Ipkr e-mail msg. dks mailbox ls receive
fd;k tkrk gSA
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3-PPP (Point to point protocol)- bl protocol dk use internet service provider ISP }kjk
xzkgdks dks viuh lsokvks ls tksMUsk ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ;g protocol network dks
dialup connection dh facility nsrk gSA
4-TCP (Transmission control protocol)- ;g ,d fookluh; protocol gS tks fd data dks

NksVs&2 packets es cnydj vkxs transfer djrk gS ;g internet dk izeq[k o mi;ksxh
protocol gS tks fd internet es ,d vge Hkwfedk fUkHkkrk gSA
5-IP (Internet protocol)- ;g protocol internet protocol ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS ftls
short es IP dgrs gS ;g protocol TCP ds }kjk Hksts x, packets dks izkIr djrk gS vkSj
,d system ls nwljs system rd igqWapkus dk dk;Z djrk gSA
6-FTP (File transfer protocol)- ;g protocol internet dk lcls famous protocol gS ftls
ge file transfer protocol ds uke ls tkurs gS ftldk iz;ksx internet ls file download
djus ds fy, rFkk internet ls ,d computer ls nwljs computer ij file transfe djus es
ftp dk gh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
7-HTTP (Hyper text transfer protocol)- ;g ,d ,slk protocol gS ftls web server vkSj
web client ijLij communication djus ds fy, iz;ksx es ykrs gS vkSj ;g protocol
cgqr gh mi;ksxh protocol gSA
40 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
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UNIT-4
WEB
Q.1 Web protocol dks le>kb,\
Ans. Protocol ,d fu;e o fufpr fu;eks dk ,d group gS tks fofHkUu Hkkxks ds chp
communication djus dk okrkoj.k rS;kj djrk gSA vFkkZr~ tc net ij vyx&2 file dks
search djrk gS ;g net ij fdlh other person ls ckrphr djrk gS rc mu lHkh dk;ksZ
es communication LFkkfir djus gsrw protocol user dh help djrk gSA
Protocol ls lacaf/kr dqN lq>kko bl izdkj gSA
1-Transmision media O;ofLFkr gS ;k ugh bl ckr ij /;ku nsuk t:jh gksrk gSA
2-Network entries ,d nwljs ls lgh rjhds ls tqM+s ;k ugh bl ckr dh tkudkjh j[kukA
3-Data dks transfer djuk vkSj bl ckr dk irk yxkukA
4-,d ckj es fdruk data transfe djuk gS ;g irk yxkuk
Web ij lwpukvks ds vknku iznku djus ds fy, protocol dk use fd;k tkrk gS mUgs
web protocol dgrs gSA bl protocol ds ek/;e ls fofHkUu web, pages tks fd text,
graphics ls feydj rS;kj fd, tkrs gSA vkSj mUgs web protocol, web server vkSj web
browser ds e/; lEidZ LFkkfir djus es egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vnk djrk gSA
URL ,d web addr. gSA tks web browser dks ;g crkrk gS fd web ij lwpukvks ds
vknku iznku ds fy, dkSu lk web protocol user gks jgk gSA lcls egRoiw.kZ web
protocol HTTP gS ;g protocol internet ds ek/;e ls HTML file dk vknku iznku djus
ds fy, iz;ksx es yk;k tkrk gSA
Q.2 Website creation lkSj maintinance dks le>kb,\
Ans. tc Hkh dksbZ website design dh tkrh gS rc dbZ egRoiw.kZ ckrks dks /;ku es j[kk
tkrk gS vFkkZr~ website designing ds fy, user dks ftu ckrks dks /;ku es j[kuk pkfg,A
os ckrs dqN bl izdkj gSA
1-Home page- tc Hkh dksbZ website design dh tkrh gSA rc home page ij lkjh ckrs
miyC/k ugh djkbZ tkrh gSA cfYd home page ij ml site ls lacaf/kr [kwfc;k] foks"krk,a]
lw{e :Ik ls miyC/k djkuh pkfg,A
41 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
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2-vyx&2 material dk iz;ksx- bl ckr dk Hkh /;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd website design
djrs le; picture, image, icons o sound vkfn dk Hkh iz;ksx fd;k tk,A
3-Storage- bl ckr dk foks"k rskSj ij /;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd lHkh web pages ,d
eq[; folder es store fd, tk;s vkSj mUgs store fd, tkus ds ckn gh server ls link
djk;k tk,A
4-Update- tc user viuh website rS;kj djrk gS rc mls famous cukus ds fy, lcls
vko;d vkSj egRoiw.kZ ckr ;g gS fd og vih website dks vkSj website ij miyC/k
lwpukvks dks update djrk jgsA rkfd ml website dks use djus ij dksbZ cksfj;r feel
uk gks vkSj tc Hkh ml website dks open djk;k tk, rks dqN ubZ tkudkjh o ckrs ml
wbsite ls izkIr dh tk ldsA
5-Audience dks viuk target define djuk- tc Hkh dksbZ website rS;kj dh tkrh gS rc
mles ;g Li"V gksuk pkfg,A fd vki viuh website ds ek/;e ls miHkksDrkvks dks D;k
msg. nsuk pkgrs gS bl ms; dks iwjk djus ds fy, dqN fuEu fcUnqvks dks consider
djus dks vko;drk gSA
tSls%&
a. Viwesr/s/user ds background rFkk igys vuqHko ds ckjs es tkudkjh gksukA

b. muds interest dks tkuukA
c. lHkh viewers gekjh cuk;h gqbZ website ij d;ks visit djsA bl ckr dk irk
yxkukA
vius concept vkSj material dks organize djs- lHkh web designer dks viuh website dks
create djus dk ms; Li"V djuk pkfg,A vFkkZr~ website D;ks create dh tk jgh gS
;g tkudkjh Li"V gksuh pkfg,A web site dks create djus dk ms; dqN bl izdkj dk
gksuk pkfg,A
User rd fu/kkZfjr lwpuk,a igqWapkukA

vyx&2 products dks promote djukA
Audience dks fkf{kr djukA
Research djuk rFkk report djukA
Audience dk entertainment djukA
bu lHkh fcUnqvks dks ;fn /;ku es j[kk tk, rks ,d lQy website rS;kj dh tk ldrh
gS ftl rjg ,d building dks cukus ls igys ml building dh eq[; phtks ds ckjs es
foys"k.k fd;k tkrk gS ftlls dh building lgh rjhds ls rS;kj gks vkSj lHkh mldh
izkalk djsA
42 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
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Q.3 Web hosting D;k gSA Web dh upload vkSj download dSls fd;k tkrk gS rFkk web
server selection vkSj domain name selection es fdu&2 ckrks dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg,\
Ans. Internet lwpukvks dk Hk.Mkj gSA Internet ij lwpukvks dh izkIrh ds fy, web
browser es address bar es website dk add. Type djrs gSA
tSls%& WWW jiwaji university.com
ftl rjg internet ij miyC/k website dks ISP ds ek/;e ls ge vius computer ij
ns[krs gSA mlh rjg vki Hkh viuh website dks upload djus ls igys fuEu ckrks dks
/;ku es j[kuk vko;d gSA
Website dks upload djus ds fy, web server ij space izkIr djuk vko;d gSA
Website dks upload djus dk procedure Hkh irk gksuk pkfg,A
Website dks upload djus ds fy, vko;d software ISP dqN jkfk ysdj web
server ij web space miyC/k djkrs gSA ;g amount web space ds vkdkj ds
vuqlkj gksrh gSA
tSls& 1MB, 10MB, 10GB bR;kfnA
dqN website Hkh web server ij space miyC/k djkrh gS tSls fd www.
com, www.webcom system.com, www rediffmail.com bR;kfnA
web server ij website dks upload

djus dh izfdz;k dks gh web hosting dgrs gS website dks upload djus ls igys web
page dks design djus ds fy, fuEu fu;eks dk ikyu djuk gksrk gSA ftlls fd
webpage fn[kus es izHkkoh yxsA
vius webpage dks bl rjg ls preset djuk gS fd user mUgs ns[kdj izHkkfor gks
ldsA
Web page dk tittle NksVk gksuk pkfg, vkSj alphabatical dze es gksuk pkfg,A
Web page fresh rFkk update gksuk pkfg,A outdate o lwpukvks dks gVk nsuk pkfg,
vkSj le;≤ ij ubZ&2 lwpukvks dks tksM+ nsuk pkfg,A
vius web page dks dsfUnzr j[kuk pkfg, rFkk web page ij lHkh lwpukvks ds
display ugh djuk pkfg,A ;fn topic change gksrk gS rks mls vyx&2 djds
design djuk pkfg,A
NksVs&2 image dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg, ftlls fd web page vklkuh ls load gks
ldsA
Webpage dks publish djus ls igys mls check djuk t:jh gksrk gS D;ksfd mlls
;g Li"V gks tkrk gS fd web page es dgh dksbZ xyrh ugh gksrh gSA
43 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
bu fu;eks dks /;ku es j[krs gq, web page design fd;k tkrk gSA
Q.4 Web publishing D;k gS] web page dh publishing izfdz;k dks le>kb;s\
Ans. WWW internet dk vR;f/kd yksdfiz; feature gS ftles dqN mi;ksxh lwpukvks dks
post djkus gsrw dqN foks"k lwpuk iz.kkyh vFkkZr~ information system dks design fd;k
tkrk gS ftls ge world wide web ds uke ls tkurs gS bl feature dh lgk;rk ls bl
internet ij fdlh Hkh website dks access dj ldrs gSA bUgh web page ds lewwg dks ge
website dgrs gSA web programming tSls HTML bR;kfn dk iz;ksx djds ge website
design djrs gS rFkk website design iwjk gks tkus ij mls gS rFkk website design iwjk gks
tkus ij mls web host ij upload djrs gS bl izfdz;k dks ge web publishing ds uke
ls tkurs gS web publishing dh izfdz;k dks dqn fuEufyf[kr fcUnqvks ds ek/;e ls
le>k tk ldrk gSA
1-Domain name registration- vyx&2 web page ds group ls gh website dk fuekZ.k

gksrk gSA website fdlh Hkh web programming es cukbZ tk ldrh gS website cukus ds
i'pkr web server ij blds domain name dks registered djkus dh vko;drk iM+rh
gSA
Domain name internet ij gekjh website dh igpku cukrk gS bl domain name dk

mi;ksx djds gh ge fdlh Hkh website dks access dj ldrs gSA
For exa- Networking vkSj hardware ls lacaf/kr ubZ&2 tkudkfj;ks ds ckjs es irk yxkus
ds fy, www net.com in website dh help ysuh gksrh gS ftlds }kjk networking vkSj
hardware ds ckjs es ubZ&2 tkudkfj;kWa izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA
WWW.net.com in network dh tkudkjh izkIr djus dh ,d website gS vkSj ;gh ml

website dk address o domain name gSA
dbZ vyx&2 companies domain name dks registered djkus ds lqfo/kk miyC/k djkrh gSA
ftUgs ge registeration dgrs gS tSls&webcom system. Sangiwani infopect limited (LTD)
vkfnA company web server ij website dh registeration dh lqfo/kk,a lsok,a miyC/k djkrh
gSA
Internet es domain name rhu fofHkUu section es foHkkftr gksrk gSA
Generic domain
Country domain
Inverse domain
44 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
A-Generic Domain- Generic domain dks fuEufyf[kr lkj.kh es display fd;k x;k gSA
Name description
.Com O;olkf;d laLFkkvks ds fy,
.Edu 'kS{kf.kd O;olkvks ds fy,
.Gov 'kkldh; laLFkkvks ds fy,
.Int varjk"Vh; laLFkkvks ds fy,
.Mil 'kSU; laLFkkvks ds fy,
.Net Networking system ds fy,
.Org Net profit laLFkkvks ds fy,
B-Country Domain- Country domain name fofHkUu nskks ds indentification ds fy, fn;k
tkrk gS tSls india ds fy, IN.US ds fy, US vkfnA
C-Inverse Domain- Inverse domain name address dks map djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Website dk design djus ds i'pkr~ bls internet ij display djus ls igys bls upload
djus dh vko;drk gksrh gSA website dks upload djus ls igys web server space fy;k
tkrk gSA vkSj bl space domain name dks register djrs gS tSls www.yahoo.com ,d
domain name gSA
2-Website ds fy, host server ij LFkku& Website dks cukus ds i'pkr bls internet
ij execute djus ds fy, lcls igys webserver ij space dh vko;drk gksrh gS vkSj
;g pace ISP ds ek/;e ls izkIr fd;k tkrk gS ;g space MB, GB ds :Ik es izkIr
gksrk gSA ge viuh web site dh file ds vkdkj ds vuqlkj ;g LFkku izkIr djrs gS
server ij tc ;g LFkku miyC/k gksrk gS rks bl LFkku dks host server dgk tkrk gSA
ISP company ;g LFkku miyC/k djkus ds cnys dqN ewY; ysrh gS tks miHkksDrk ds }kjk
fd;k tkrk gSA ;g LFkku izkIr gksus ds i'pkr ge viuh website dks server ij upload
djrs gSA tc ;g website server ij miyC/k gks tkrh gS rc internet ds ek/;e ls ge
website dks access dj ldrs gSA
3-Web publishing ds rRo& Website dks cukus ds Ipkr bl website dks izR;sd O;fDr
ds }kjk access djkus ds fy, bl spublish djkus dh vko;drk gksrh gS ;k rks ge
Lo; ds server dks set up dj ldrs gS ;k ISP website dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSA
45 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
A.Web browser- Web browser ,d software package gksrk gS tks fd microsoft

corporation ds }kjk free es miyC/k djk;k tkrk gS vkSj other company ds web
browser internet ds ek/;e ls download fd;s tk ldrs gSA ftuds use ls www ds use
ij web page dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA web browser dks web client dgk tkrk gSA ;g
B.Web cookies- web cookies website dh information dks store djrh gS tks ,d vof/k es
visit dh tkrh gS ;g lwpuk website ds }kjk check dh tk ldrh gS tc ge dHkh Hkh
Hkfo"; es website dks visit djrs gS rc ge ;g dg ldrs gS fd web cookies wweb
ds audience track ds level dks miyC/k djkrh gSA
C. Web server- Web server ,d program gS tks website dks execute djrk gS rFkk web
browser ds }kjk request dh xbZ file dks reply djus ds fy, ftEesnku gksrk gS ges ,d
web server dh vko;drk rc gksrh gS tc web ij document dks publish djuk gksA
4-Website ;kstuk& Website dks cukus ls igys ges bldh planning djus dh vko;drk
gksrh gS ftlls dh user friendly website dk fuekZ.k gks ldsA website dh ;kstuk cukus
ds fy, fuEufyf[kr step dks /;ku es j[kuk gksxk
tSLsk%&
Audience ds fy, ms; dks ifjHkkf"kr djukA

vius concept rFkk material dks organize djukA
Directry structure dks cukukA
Web page ds sketches cukukA
Website ds look design djukA
Q.5 HTML dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, HTML editor o HTML design tool ij Hkh
izdkk Mkys\
Ans. HTML ,d ,slh language gS tks webpage cukus es lgk;d gksrh gS ;k ;g Hkh
dgk tk ldrk gS fd bl language ls web page curk gS HTML dk iwjk uke hyper
text mark up language gS tks website fodkl es lcls vf/kd egRoiw.kZ line gSA tc
ge webpage rS;kj djrs gS rc mls rS;kj djrs le; tks language mi;skx es yk;h
tkrh gS o code ds :Ik es gksrh gS ftls ge coding dgrs gSA HTML high level
language dh rjg gh gksrh gSA ijUrq bls lh[kuk o iz;ksx es ykuk cgqr gh ljy gksrk
gSA pwfda HTML ljy computer language gS ftls ge page discription Hkh dgrs gSA
ftles vyx&2 course dk group gksrk gS tks ;g decide djrk gS fd web page, web
browser fdl izdkj fn[kkbZ nsxkA HTML ,d foks"k izdkj dk text gksrk gSA ;g book
ds subject ds according sequential dzec) ugh gksrk tSls fd books es dksbZ lwpuk tYnh
46 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
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ls ns[kuk pkgs rc index dh help ysrs gSA Bhd blh izdkj hyper text dk dk;Z ;g gksrk
gS fd vki 'kCnks ;k fp=ks dks vkil es ,d nwljs ds lkFk tksM+ ldrs gS vkSj fu?kkZfjr
LFkku ij direct igqap ldrs gS D;ksfd bldk eq[; vk/kkj hyper vFkkZr~ linking gksrk gSA
MCRPV Cources DCA Sem 1 Sem 2nd
Fundamental & IT Internal & Web

PC Package
DCA System Designing
Fox Pro
PGDCA VB.Net
nd
Sem 2
Tally
HTML text editor- Text editor ,d plat form gSA tgkWa HTML code ;k HTML tage dks
O;Dr fd;k tkrk gS A HTML text editor ds :Ik es Notepad, wordpad, M.S. word fdlh
dk Hkh mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA ijUrq lcls vf/kd izpfyr o ljy text editor
notepad gS tgkWa coding djuk vR;Ur ljy gksrk gSA
1-Front Page Editor- ;g editor micro soft }kjk iznku fd;k x;k gSA micro soft front
page es HTML coding djus gsrw lcls igys file menu es tkdj new uked option
ij click djsxsA Click djrs gh u;k web page cukus gsrw ,d editor open gksdj vk,xk
ftls ge front page template ds uke ls Hkh tkurs gSA
2-Microsoft word- ftl izdkj microsoft front page ,d text editor ds :Ik es tkuk
tkrk gS Bhd mlh izdkj microsoft word dks Hkh text editor ds :Ik es mi;ksx fd;k tk
ldrk gS rFkk bl ij Hkh ljyrk iwoZd HTML coding dh tk ldrh gSA
3-Adobe page maker- Adobe company }kjk fufeZr ,d program gS ftls adobe page
maker dk uke fn;k x;k gS ;g Hkh HTML text editor ds :Ik es ,d izpfyr text
editor gSA
4-Notepad- ;g microsoft }kjk cuk;k x;k ,d lk/kkj.k editor gSA lkekU;r% bl editor
dk iz;ksx HTML document dks cukus gsrw fd;k tkrk gS pwfd ;g microsoft windows
ds lkFk gh upload gks tkrk gS blfy, bls microsoft notepad Hkh dgrs gSA blfy, bls
microsoft notepad Hkh dgrs gSA vkSj ;g HTML code fy[kus gsrw platform iznku djrk
gSA Notepad es coding djus ds mijkUr file dks save djrs le; file name ds lkFk
HTML dk extention fn;k tkrk gSA ftlls dh ;g file ,d web file cu tk, vkSj bls
internet explorer dh lgk;rk ls execute djk;k tk ldsA
47 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
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Design tool- fdlh Hkh web page dks cukus ds fy, dqN vk/kkjHkwr tools dh vko;drk
gksrh gS
tSls&
HTML file dks cukus o modify djus ds fy, editing program vFkkZr~ HTML
editor dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
HTML page cukus ds rjhds o lEcfU?kd knowledge images o picture dk source
Image dks manipulate djus ds fy, ,d graphics program vFkkZr~ image editor
dk mi;ksxA
bl izdkj ;s dqN tools gksrs gS ftudk mi;ksx djds ,d lQy HTML page dks rS;kj
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Q.6 Image editor dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,\
Ans. Image dks web page ij iz;ksx djus o image ds lkFk manipalation djus ds fy,
,d graphics program dh vko;drk gksrh gS bl image editor dgrs gS ge bl editor
dh lgk;rk ls fofHkUu images dk colour o size cny ldrs gS bles text tksM+ ldrs
gS] text dks ?kqek ldrs gS o text ds size dks Hkh de dj ldrs gS ;g graphic images
o drawing photo o picture vkfn gks ldrh gSA
,d cgqpfpZr image editor adobe photo shop gSA ;g ,d highlable image editing GIF,
IPEG, BMPTIF, TGA etc format ds lkFk dk;Z djrk gSA bl editor dh lgk;rk ls ge
,d lk/kkj.k image dks foks"k image es ifjofrZr dj ldrs gS ;g editor iz;ksx es Hkh
dkQh lgt o ljy gksrk gSA ;g image processing ds fy, iz;ksx gksus okyk lcls
iqjkuk software gSA bles graphics cuk;k Hkh tk ldrk gS rFkk igys ls cus graphics
ij dke Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA blds vykok dbZ vyx&2 image dks feyk dj ,d
ubZ image ij dqN vyx&2 izdkj ds effects nsdj mls dkQh izHkkoh cuk;k tk ldrk
gSA
Photo shop dh window screen ij dqN bl izdkj display gksdj vkrh gSA
48 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
49 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
UNIT-5
HTML
Q.1 HTML dks define dhft, o HTML ds fofHkUu version o mlds rRoks ij Hkh
izdkk Mkys\
Ans. Introduction of HTML- HTML ,d ,slh language gS tks webpage cukus es
lgk;d gksrh gS ;k ;g Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS fd bl language ls webpage curk gSA
HTML dk iwjk uke hyper text markup language gS tks website fodkl es lcls vf/kd
egRoiw.kZ line gS tc ge web page rS;kj djrs gS rc mls rS;kj djrs le; tks
language mi;ksx es yk;h tkrh gS og code ds :Ik es gksrh gS ftls ge coding dgrs gS
HTML high level language dh rjg gh gksrh gS ijUrq bls lh[kuk o iz;ksx es ykuk
cgqr gh ljy gksrk gSA pwafd HTML ljy computer language gS ftls ge page
description Hkh dgrs gS ftles vyx&2 course dk group gksrk gS tks ;g decide djrk
gS fd web page web browser es fdl izdkj fn[kkbZ nsrk gS ;k fn[kkbZ nsxsaA
HTML vFkkZr~ Hyper text ,d foks"k izdkj dk text gksrk gS ;g book ds subject ds
vuqlkj sequencial ugh gksrk tSls fd books es dksbZ lwpuk tYnh ls ns[kuk pkgs rc
index dh help ysrs gS Bhd blh izdkj hyper text dk dk;Z ;g gksrk gS fd vki 'kCnks
;k fp=ks dks vkil es ,d nwljs ds lkFk tksM+ ldrs gS vkSj fu/kkZfjr LFkku ij direct
igqWap ldrs gSA D;ksfd bldk eq[; vk/kkj hyper vFkkZr~ linking gksrk gSA
MCRPV Courses DCA Sem 1st Sem 2nd
Fundamental & Internal & Web

DCA IT designing
PC Package
PGDCA Fox Pro /
System
VB.Net
MS Access
Tally
Versinon of HTMl- HTML ds fodkl ds ckn vc rd dbZ version/ edition market es vk

pqds gS vkSj bu lHkh version es ubZ&2 lqfo/kkvks dks tksM+k x;k gS ftlls dh HTML
dk iz;ksx fnu izfrfnu ljy gks ldsA HTML ds fofHkUu version dqN bl izdkj gSA
1-HTML 2.0- bls IETF (Internet engineering task force) ds laj{k.k es cuk;k x;k gS vkSj
lu~ 1994 es iz;ksx es yk;k x;kA
2-HTML 3.0- HTML 2.0 dh rqyuk es HTML 3.0 T;knk izHkkoh gS vkSj le;&2 ij
bles ifjorZu dh gksrs jgs gSA
50 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
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3-HTML 3.2- 1996 es HTML 3.2 dk version market es vk;k tks fiNys version es
T;knk iz;ksx gqvk
4-HTML 4.0- ;g version u;s&2 fdz;k dykiks ds lkFk iz;ksx es yk;k x;k ;g
fd;kdyki dqN bl izdkj gS tSls& scripting, frame table, form, style vkfn dh lqfo/kk dks
vke O;fDr ds fy, tksM+k x;k gSA
Elements of HTML- izR;sd web page dbZ Hkkxks ls feydj cuk gksrk gS ;g Hkkx
HTML code }kjk display fd, tkrs gSA bu Hkkxks dks tag dgrs gSA Tag dks geskk
angle bracketsd (<>) es can fd;k tkrk gSA lkekU;r% tags tksMs+ es opening tag o
closing tag gksrs rks ,d gh rjg gS ijUrq closing tag dks forward flash (/) ds lkFk close
djrs gSA
Exa- Syntax- <tag name> .. </Tag name>
lkekU;r% HTML es nks izdkj ds code gksrs gSA
1. On code 2.Off code
HTML dk eq[; ms; fdlh web page dh formating dks O;dr djuk ugh gksrk cfYd
bldk eq[; ms; fdlh webpage dks cukus okys eq[; Hkkxks tSls text dh lajpuk title
line break paragraph vkfn dks O;dr ;k display djuk gksrk gS vkSj bl izdkj ge dg
ldrs gS fd HTML dk iz;ksx fdlh web page es fofHkUu Hkkxks dks le>kus ds fy,
fd;k tkrk gS u fd mlds display ds fy, tag nks izdkj ds gksrs gS
Container tag
Empty tag
1-Container tag- Contain tage og tag gksrs gS tks text dks angle bracket es j[krs gSA og
;g start tag o end tag gksrs gS vFkkZr~ bUgs ;fn open fd;k x;k gS rks forward flash
ls bUgs close Hkh fd;k tk,xkA
2-Empty tag- bues fdlh izdkj ds angle bracket text dh vko;drk ugh gksrh ;g
angle bracket es fy[ks x, tag ds lkFk dk;Z djrs gS ftls ge attribute dk
uke nsrs gSA
Attribute- Attribute fdlh user dks ;g crkrk gS fd fdlh web browser dks fdl rjg
tag dk use djuk pkfg,A
Exa- syntax- attribute = Value
Align = center
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Q.2 HTML file es iz;ksx fd, tkus okys eq[; tag ij izdkk Mkfy,\
vFkok
Document o layout ls D;k rkRi;Z gS le>kb,\
Ans. fdlh HTML file es de ls de 4 izdkj ds tag mifLFkr gksus vko;d gSA tks
dqN bl izdkj gSA
1-HTML 2-HEAD 3-TITLE 4-BODY
HTML- fdlh HTML document dk izkjfEHkd tag ;k Hkkx HTML tag gksrk gSA ;g
,d container tag gksrk gSA
blfy, blds nks Hkkx gskrs gSA
1-Start tag 2-End tag
blds vfrfjDr lHkh tag o text bu start tag o end tag ds chp es fy[ks tkrs gS
bldk izk:Ik dqN bl izdkj gSA
<HTML>
----------
</HTML>
HEAD- ;g tag gekjh web file ds ckjs es lEiw.kZ tkudkjh j[krk gSA ;g HTML ds
chp es fy[kk tkrk gS ;g tag vU; tags dks Hkh j[krk gS tks fd gekjh web file dks
ckgjh txr ls interedivce djkrs gSA bldk format dqN bl izdkj gSA
<HTML>
<HEAD>
-------------
-------------
</HEAD>
</HTML>
TITLE- ;g tag head tag ds ckn fy[kk tkrk gS web page ds title dks bl tag ds
ek/;e ls fy[kk tkrk gS ;g title browser ds title bar ij display gksdj vkrk gSA
bldk format dqN bl izdkj gSA
<HTML>
52 | P a g e
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<HEAD>
<TITLE> ECI Education </title>
---------------------
---------------------
</Head>
</HTML>
;fn ge title tag dk use ugh djrs gS vFkkZr~ title tag ugh nsrs gS rks dqN browser ds
}kjk title bag ij untitled ;k URL display gksrk gSA
Body- Body tag head tag dk iwjd gksrk gS ;g tag fdlh web page dh ljapuk es vkus
okys izR;sd Hkkx dks display djrk gS ;g title tag ds ckn es fy[kk tkrk gSA
bldk izk:Ik dqN bl izdkj gSA
<HTML>
<Head>
<Title> computers </title>
<Body> we are students of ECI Education Gwalior </Body>
</Head>
</HTML>
Q.3 ,d HTML document dks rS;kj djus dk rjhdk crkb,\
Ans. tSlk dh ge lc tkurs gS fdlh Hkh HTML document dks rS;kj djus gsrw fdlh text
editor dh vko;drk gksrh gSA ;s text editor dksbZ lk Hkh gks ldrk gSA ge fuEu step dks
follow djrs gq, ,d text editor rd igqWapsxsa vkSj ogkWa igqWapdj HTML documents rS;kj djus
gsrw tag o coding dk use djsxsaA
Click on the start button

Click on the all program
Click on the
Click on the notepad
Notepad ij igqWapdj ge fuEu coding dk iz;ksx djsxsaA
<HTML>
<Head>
53 | P a g e
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<Title> computer </title>
<Body> we are students of ECI Education Gwalior </Body>
</Head>
</HTML>
Coding iwjh gksus ds mijkUr file dks save djsxsaA tgka file name ds lkFk HTML dk
extention nsxsa ftlls dh ;g file ,d HTML file cu tk, vkSj bls internet explorer
browser dh help ls open djk;k tk ldsA
Q.4 HTML ds varxZr heading fdrus izdkj dh gksrh gS lHkh dks mnkgj.k nsdj
le>kb,\
Ans. HTML ds varxZr headings 6 izdkj dh gksrh gSA ge vius web page es heading
dk use blfy, djrs gS rkfd page dks ,d lqO;ofLFkr rjhds ls isk fd;k tk ldsA
heading ds fy, ge H2 ls ysdj H6 rd ds tag dk use djrs gS vFkkZr~ Heading ds 6
Lrj gskrs gS ftUgs H1-H6 rd represent fd;k tkrk gSA
mnkgj.k ds }kjk bls le>k tk ldrk gS&
<HTML>
<Head>
<Title> Heading </Title>
<Body>
<H1> ECI Education Gwalior </H1>
</Body>
</Head>
54 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
</Html>
Output
ECI Educatio Gwalior

ECI Education Gwalior
Q.5 Line a paragraph dks break djus ds fy, fdu&2 tags dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
mnkgj.k nsdj le>kb,\
Ans. Paragraph tag = bls <P> ls display djrs gSA ;g ,d container tag gS vFkZkr~ ls
start vksj end nksusk fd;k tkrk gS blds }kjk paragraph line dks easily ls break fd;k
tk ldrk gS fuEu mnkgj.k ds }kjk bls le>k tk ldrk gSA
<HTML>
<Head>
<Title> paragraph </Title>
<Body>
<P> HTML stands for hyper text mark up language. It is supposed to be a super set of SGML,
SGML means standard generalised mark up language </P>
</Body>
</Head>
</Html>
Output
55 | P a g e
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HTML stands for hyper text mark up language it is supposed to be a super set of SGML, SGML
means standard generalised mark up language
You can create a web page using by hyper text markup language. It is easy to learn and
Intersecting . as well.
Line Break- bl tag dk use ge line dks cnyus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS <Br> ls
display fd;k tkrk gS rFkk bls <P> tag ds lkFk Hkh use fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj bldk
lgh mi;ksx NksVh&2 line dks break djus gsrw djrs gSA
<HTML>
<Head>
<Title> line break </Title>
<Body>
<Br><H1> Address </H1>
<Br><H2>Mr. Suraj Singh </H2>
<Br><H1> 456 C.P. Colony</H1>
<Br><H1> Morar Gwalior </H1>
</Body>
</Head>
</Html>
Output
Address
Mr. Suraj Singh
456 C.P. Colony
Morar Gwalior
56 | P a g e
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Q.6 Formating tag dkSu&2 ls gskrs gSA mnkgj.k nsdj le>kb,\
Ans. tc ge dksbZ paragraph type djrs gSA rc mls type djrs le; fdlh foks"k 'kCn
okD; ;k okD;kak ij tksj nsus ds fy, vFkkZr~ mls highlight djus ds fy, dqN foks"k
izdkj ds formating atribute dk iz;ksx djrs gSA
Tag Use
1-<B> </B> bl tag dk use text dks bold djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
mnkgj.k& computers
2-<U> </U> bl tag dk use text ds uhps line nsus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
mnkgj.k& Computer
3-<I> </I> bl tag dk use text frjNk / Italic djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk
gS mnkgj.k& Computer
4-<SUB> </SUB> bl tag dk use subscript form es fy[kus ds fy, djrs gSA
mnkgj.k H2O
5-<SUP> </Sup> bl tag dk iz;ksx text dks super script form es fy[kus ds
fy, djrs gS mnkgj.k& a2
6-<STRIKE> </STRIKE> bl tag dk iz;ksx text dks chp es ls dkVus ds vFkkZr~

chp es fukku nsus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.k computer
fuEu mnkgj.k ds }kjk bls le>k tk ldrk gSA
<HTML>
<Head>
<Title> formating tag </Title>
<Body>
<p>B is used for <b> bold</b></p>
<p>I is used for <i>italic </I></p>
<p>U is used for <u> underline</U></p>
<p>Sub is used for <sub> subscript </sub></p>
57 | P a g e
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<p>Sup is used for <sup> super script </sup></p>
<p>Strike is used for <strike> Strike through </strike></p>
</Body>
</Head>
</Html>
Output
B is used for bold
I is used for italic
U is used for underline
Sub is used for subscript
Sup is used for super script
Strike is used for Strike through
Q.7 Font size o font colur dks mnkgj.k nsdj le>kb,\
Ans. Font tag ds lkFk size attribute dh lgk;rk ls font dk size fu/kkZfjr fd;k
tk ldrk gSA
lkekU;r% font dk size 7 izdkj dk gksrk gS budks 1 ls 7 rd dk number fn;k tkrk

gS bUgs ge size attribute dh lgk;rk ls fufpr dj ldrs gSA 1 lcls NksVk o 7
lcls cM+k font size gksrk gS ;fn ge font dk size fufPkr uk djsA rks font dk
size igys ls gh 3 gksrk gSA
fuEu mnkgj.k ds }kjk bls le>k tk ldrk gS&
<HTML>
<Head>
<Title> font size </title>
<Body>
58 | P a g e
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<font size ="1"> font size 1</ font> <br>
</Body>
</title> font size </title>
</Head>
</Html>
Output
font size 1
font size 2
font size 3
font size 4
font size 5
font size 6
font size 7
Font colour- Font dk colour cnyus ds fy, font tag ds lkFk colour
attribute dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
59 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
ge fdlh font dk colour djus ds fy, de ls de

16 colour ds name use dj ldrs gSA ;s colour dqN bl izdkj gSA
1-Black 2-white 3-aqua 4-blue 5-fuchsia

6-gray 7-Green 8-lime 9-maroom 10-navy
11-olive 12-purple 13-Red 14-silver 15-yellow
16-steal
<HTML>
<Head>
<Title> font colour </title>
<Body>
<h1><font color="green"> ECI Education </font> <br>
<font color= "red"> Morar </font> <br>
<font color = "blue"> Gwalior </font>
</h1>
</Body>
</Head>
</Html>
Output
ECI Education
Morar
Gwalior
Q.8 Alignment tags dks le>kb,\
Ans. ge align attribute dk iz;ksx dj paragraph heading o vU; text dks align dj
ldrs gSA
bUgs 3 rjg ls align dj ldrs gSA
1-Center 2-Left 3-Right
Align tag direct work ugh djrk bldk <P> ;k <H1> --------------- <H6> tag ds lkFk use
fd;k tkrk gSA
60 | P a g e
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BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
<HTML>
<Head>
<Title> alignment </title>
<Body>
<h1 align = "center"> ECI Education</H1>
<H2 align="left"> Gwalior </H2>
<H3 align="right"> Mob. 9617900490 </H3>
</Body>
</Head>
</Html>
Output
ECI Education
Gwalior
Mob. 9617900490
Q.9 Pre-formated text dks mnkgj.k nsdj le>kb,\
Ans. ;g tag <Pre> ls display fd;k tkrk gS bldk eq[; mi;ksx text dks oslh gh
fLFkfr es display djus ds fy, gksrk gS ftl fLFkfr es og html code ds :Ik es rS;kj
fd;k x;k gS vFkkZr~ notepad es ftl izdkj coding dh xbZ gS fcYdqy oSls gh og output
es Hkh fn[kkbZ nsA
fuEu mnkgj.k }kjk bls le>k tk ldrk gSA
<html>
<head>
61 | P a g e
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<title> pre </title>

<body>
<pre>
sales return for first quarter
jan feb mar total
RAM 100 200 300 600
GOPAL 50 100 200 350
DHRAM 40 60 300 400
</pre>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output
sales return for first quarter
jan feb mar total
RAM 100 200 300 600
GOPAL 50 100 200 350
DHRAM 40 60 300 400
Q.10 List dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq,A List ds lHkh izdkjks dks mnkgj.k nsdj
le>b,\
Ans. HTML dbZ izdkj ds list :Ik dks suport djrk gS ftlds vUrxZr numbered list,
unnumbered list, defination list o nested list 'kkfey gSA
bu lHkh list dks ge mnkgj.k lfgr dqN bl izdkj ifjHkkf"kr djsxsaA
1-Numbered list- Numbered list dks ordered list Hkh dgrs gS tks fd <OL> tag ds :Ik esa
ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gS <OL> tag dk iz;ksx <LI> tag ds lkFk djrs gSA <LI> dk
fullform list item gksrk gSA blds iz;ksx dks ge fuEu mnkgj.k ds }kjk le> ldrs gSA
<html>
<head>
62 | P a g e
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<title> list </title>

<body>
<font size ="6"><B><U> Our courses : </U></B>
</font>
<ol>
<Li>DCA</Li>
<Li>ADCA</Li>
<Li>PGDCA</Li>
<Li>ITI</Li>
</OL>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output
Our courses :
1. DCA
2. ADCA
3. PGDCA
4. ITI
2-Unnumbered list- bl list dks unordered list Hkh dgrs gS ;g Hkh fcYdqy ordered list
dh rjg gh gSA ijUrq bles <OL> ds LFkku ij <UL> tag dk iz;ksx djrs gSA
<html>
<head>
<title>unordered</title>
<body>
<font size ="6"><B><U> Our courses: </U></B>
</B></font>
<UL>
<Li>DCA</Li>
63 | P a g e
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<Li>ADCA</Li>
<Li>PGDCA</Li>
<Li>ITI</Li>
</ul>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output
Our courses :
DCA
ADCA
PGDCA
ITI
3-Defination list- bl list dks <DL> ds }kjk represent fd;k tkrk gS ;g ,d container
tag gS rFkk bles nks vkSj tag <DT> rFkk <DD> dk iz;ksx gksrk gS <DT> dk iwjk uke
defination term rFkk <DD> dk iwjk uke defination discription gS%&
<html>
<head>
<title>defination list</title>
<body>
<dl>
<Dt>hardware
<Dd>Examples of hardware are CPU, input device, secondary storage etc.
<Dt>software
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<DD> It is a set of programs
</dl>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output
hardware
Examples of hardware are CPU, input device, secondary storage etc.
software
It is a set of programs
4-Nested list- List dks nest fd;k tk ldrk gS vki ,d gh list es dbZ paragraph
j[k ldrs gSA ftles gj paragraph es ,d nested list gksxhA
<html>
<head>
<title>Nested list</title>
<body>
<UL>
<LI>Prominent universities of India </LI>
<UL>
<LI>jawarlal Nehru university </LI>
<LI>Delhi university</LI>
<LI>Aligarh muslim university </LI></UL>
<LI>Prominent college of R.U.
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<UL>
<LI>Miranda house </LI>
<LI>Lady shree ram college </LI>
<LI>Hinduja college </LI>
</UL>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output
Prominent universities of India

o jawarlal Nehru university
o Delhi university
o Aligarh muslim university
Prominent college of R.U.
o Miranda house
o Lady shree ram college
o Hinduja college
Q.11 Typer attribute dk uke vFkZ gksrk gS o bls D;ks use fd;k tkrk gSA
le>kb,\
Ans. Type attribute dks <OL> tag ds lkFk use fd;k tkrk gSA blds ek/;e ls order list
dks display djus ds rjhds dks cnyk tk ldrk gS vFkkZr~ order list es 1,2,3 dh series
gh display gksrh gS ijUrq bl series dks 1,2,3 dh txg Roman i, ii, iii, A, B, C, D a, b, c,
d bR;kfn es change djuk gS rc type attribute dk use gksrk gSA
66 | P a g e
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<html>
<head>
<title>type attribute</title>
<Body>
<OL type = "i">
<Li> level one outline </Li>
<OL type = "A">
<Li> level two outline </Li>
<OL type = "a"> <Li> level three outline </Li>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output
i. level one outline

A. level two outline
a. level three outline
Q.12 Font face background colour o background picture dks mnkgj.k nsdj
le>kb,\
Ans. Font face- <font face> tag dk use font dk style change djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk
gSA
bldk fuEu mnkgj.k ds }kjk le>k tk ldrk gSA
<html>
<head>
<title>font face</title>
67 | P a g e
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<Body>
<h1><font face = ''comic sons ms"> Excellence Computer Institute
</font></h1><br>
<h2><font face = "colonnoment"> Morar, Gwalior </font>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output
Excellence Computer Institute

Morar, Gwalior
Background color- Background es color nsus ds fy, body ds lkFk by color dk use fd;k
tkrk gS vFkkZr~ <body by color =any colour name>
<html>
<head>
<title>font face</title>
<Body bg color= "pink">
<font face = "comic sans ms", size = "7", color = "red"> Excellence Computer Institute
Output
Excellence Computer Institute

Background picture- background es picture nsus ds fy, body ds lkFk background dk
use fd;k tkrk gSA ;s picture ;k rks system ls gh yh tk ldrh gS ;k fQj paint
brush es rS;kj djds Hkh pictures dks background es set fd;k tk ldrk gSA
68 | P a g e
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Exa- <body background = file path/ file name file extention>
;gkWa file path dk vFkZ file dh location ls gksrk gS vFkkZr~ file dgkWa ls ykbZ xbZ gS o
background yxk dj file dk uke fn;k tk,xk vkSj extention ds :Ik es file ds
formate dks fn;k tk,xkA file formate vf/kdrj .Jpeg es gh gksrk gSA
dHkh&2 system computer es igys ls insttal picture dks lh/ks ugh idM+ ikrk gSA ,slh
fLFkfr es fuEufyf[kr steps dks viukrs gq, picture dks rS;kj djsxsa o mls background
es set djsxsaA
Open the paint brush

Click on the edit menu
Click on the paste from option
Paste from option dh help ls ml place ij igqWapsxsa tgkWa picture install gS ml
picture dks select djsxsaA
Click on the open button
Open the file menu
Open the save button
Save button ij click djrs gh save as dk box open gksxk ftlds }kjk user file
dks save djsxk file dks save djrs le; file name ds lkFk .Jpeg extention fn;k
tk,xkA
File name ds Bhd uhps save as type list es ls 24 bit bitmap format dks select
djsxsaA
Click on the save button
Close the paint brush
vc user ml place ij igqWapsxkA tgkWa mlus file dks save fd;k gSA
Right click on the file
Click on the property option
Property option dk box open gksxk tgkWa location uked option ds vkxs file dk
path display gksdj vk,xk ftls mouse dh help ls select djds copy djsxsaA
Open the notepad
Notepad es igqWapdj background ds lkFk inverted comma ds vUrXkZr ml path
dks paste djsxsaA
Path dks paste djkus ds mijkUr (/) backslace yxkdj file name type djsxsa vkSj
file name ds lkFk .Jpeg dk extention t:j nsxsaA
File name with extention nsus ds ckn inverted comma close djsxsa vkSj angle
bracket dks Hkh close djsxsaA
69 | P a g e
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Note- t:jh ugh gS fd background es geskk picture gh vk, background es ge ms

word ls vyx&2 izdkj ds artistic text word art dh help ls back es set dj ldrs gS
blds fy, Hkh ges bUgh steps dks follow djuk gksxkA
Q.13 HTML es table dk D;k ;ksxnku gS rFkk HTML es table cukus es fdu
tag dk use gksrk gS mnkgj.k nsdj le>kb,\
Ans. fdlh web page ij table dk use vius data dks ,d fufpr rjhds ls represent
djus ds fy, gksrk gSA [kkl dj tc og data text ;k la[;kvks ds grounp es gks table
column o row ij vk/kkfjr gksrh gSA column o row ds combination dks cell dgk tkrk
gSA table cukus dk eq[; ms; ,d report dks lgh o O;ofLFkr rjhds ls fdlh vU; ds
le{k izLrqr fd;k tk lds ;gh gksrk gSA
fdlh Hkh web page table rS;kj djus ds fy, <table>

tag dh vko;drk gksrh gSA Table ds lkFk data dks tksM+us ds fy, <Td> tag dk use
gksrk gSA Td dk full form table data gksrk gSA tks <table> ds uhps fy[kk tkrk gSA
<table> vkSj <Td> tag ,d container tag gS ftUgs vk[kjh es forward flace ls close Hkh
fd;k tkrk gSA
<html>
<head>
<title>table</title>
<Body >
<table>
<td> This is one cell table </td>
</table>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output
This is one cell table
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tSlk fd output es fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS fd table tag yxkus ds ckn dh table dk border
fn[kkbZ ugh ns jgk gSA ,slk blfy, gS fd table ds lkFk border yxkuk Hkh t:jh gSA
<html>
<head>
<title>table</title>
<Body >
<table border = "2">
<td> This is one cell table </td>
</table>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output
This is one cell table
Q.14 Table es column o row dks c<+kus gsrw D;k fd;k tk,xk mnkgj.k lfgr
le>kb,\
Ans. Table column- HTML es table rS;kj djus ds mijkUr tc table es column dh
la[;k dks c<+kuk gks rc <TD> tag dk use gksxk TD dk full form table data gksrk gS
user ftrus columns table es c<+kuk pkgrk gS mrus gh TD dk use djsxkA
<html>
<head>
<title>row & column</title>
<Body >
<td> Name </td>
71 | P a g e
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BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
<td> Age </td>
<td> Salary </td>
</table>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output
Name Age Salary
Table Row- HTML es rS;kj table es tc row dh la[;k c<+uh gks rc <TR> tag dk
use gksrk gSA TR dk iwjk uke table row gSA ijUrq TR ds lkFk gh TD dk use gksxkA
vFkkZr~ ftruh row cusxh mruh gh ckj TD yxk;k tk;sxkA
<html>
<head>
<Body >
<td> <H1>Name </td>
<td><H1> Age </td>
<td> <H1>Salary </td>
<tr>
<td> <H2>Meena </td>
<td> <H2>23 </td>
<td> <H2>12000/- </td>

72 | P a g e
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<tr>
<td> <H3>Neha </td>
<td> <H3>22 </td>
<td> <H3>15000/- </td>
</table>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output
Name Age Salary

Meena 23 12000/-
Neha 22 15000/-
Q.15 Cellspacing and cell padding dks mnkgj.k lfgr le>kb,\
Ans. Cell spacing- HTML es rS;kj table ds cell ds pkjks vksj [kkyh LFkku tksMUks ds
fy, cellspacing dk use fd;k tkrk gSA bles ge viuh bPNkuqlkj fjDr LFkku ns ldrs
gSA fjDr LFkku nsus ds fy, double inverted comma ( ) mark es number fn;k tkrk gSA
fuEu mnkgj.k ds }kjk bls lEk>k tk ldrk gSA
<html>
<head>
<Body >
<table border = "2" cellspacing = "12">
73 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
<td> <H1>Name </td>
<td><H1> Age </td>
<tr>
<td> <H2>23 </td>
<td> <H2>12000/- </td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output
Name Age Salary

Meena 23 12000/-
Cell padding- bl command ds }kjk cell ds vUnj fjDr LFkku Mkyk tk ldrk gS blds
fy, Hkh ( ) es ge viuh bPNkuqlkj No type djsxsaA
fuEu mnkgj.k ds }kjk bls lEk>k tk ldrk gSA
<html>
<head>
74 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
<Body >
<table border = "2" cellspacing = "15">
<td> <H1>Name </td>
<td><H1> Age </td>
<tr>
<td> <H2>23 </td>
<td> <H2>12000/- </td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output
Name Age Salary

Meena 23 12000/-
Cell spacing & Cell padding dks ,d lkFk use djrs gS rc result dqN bl izdkj fn[kkbZ
nsxkA
<html>
<head>
75 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
<Body >
<table border = "2" cellspacing = "2" cell padding = "20">
<td> <H1>Name </td>
<td><H1> Age </td>
<tr>
<td> <H2>23 </td>
<td> <H2>12000/- </td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output
Name Age Salary

Meena 23 12000/-
Q.16 Table dh width c<+kus ds fy, fdl command dk use gskrk gSA ,d
mnkgj.k nsdj le>kb,\
Ans. Table cukrs le; dHkh&2 ges ,slh vko;drk eglwl gksrh gS fd table dk size
cM+k gksuk pkfg, blds fy, ge <table> tag ds lkFk width dk use djssxsaA bl
double contantin ( ) mark es ge table dks fdruk cM+k djuk pkgrs gS ml fglkc ls
number type djsxsaA
<html>
76 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
<head>
<table width = "600" border = "2">
<td> <H1>Name </td>
<td><H1> Age </td>
<tr>
<td> <H2>23 </td>
<td> <H2>12000/- </td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output
Name Age Salary

Meena 23 12000/-
Q.17 Table ds contains dks vyx&2 alignment es set djus ds fy, fdl tag dk
use gskxk mnkgj.k nsdj crkb,\
Ans. Table ds contains dks vyx&2 alignment es set djus ds fy, alignment tag dk use
gksxk vkSj ;g alignment tag <td> ds lkFk use fd;k tk,xkA
bls mnkgj.k ds }kjk le>k tk ldrk gSA
<html>
<head>
<title>alignment</title>
<body>
<table border = "2" cell spacing = "12" cell banding = "20">
77 | P a g e
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BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
<td align ="centre"> <h1> This cell is in the centre </td>
<td align = "right"> <h1> this cell is in the right </td>
<td align = "left"> <h1> This cell is in the left </td>
</table>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output
This cell is in this cell is in This cell is in

the centre the right the left
Q.18 tc nks ;k nks ls vf/kd column ;k row dks feykdj ,d djuk gks rc
fdl command dk use gksxk mnkgj.k nsdj le>kb,\
Ans. <HTML> es tc table rS;kj dh tkrh gS vkSj ml table es row ;k column dks
merge djuk gks rc row&pan = rFkk
Use fd;k tk,xk doble ( ) mark es ge mrus number type djsxas ftrus column a row
dks ges merge djuk gksA
fuEu mnkgj.k ds }kjk mls le>k tk ldrk gSA
<html>
<head>
<title>Ramta</title>
<body>
<table border = "2" >
<td ><h2>Hello! Mr......................................... </td>
78 | P a g e
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BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
<td rowspan = "2"> <h1> We'r students of Excellence Computer Institute </td>
<tr>
<td > <h2> How are you?</td>
</table>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output
Hello! We'r students of

Mr.........................................
Excellence Computer
How are you? Institute
tc nks columns dks vkil es merge djuk gks rc cell dk use gksrk gSA bls Hkh <td>
ds lkFk gh use fd;k tk,xk <td> ds lkFk Ca = dk use gksxkA double ca
( ) mark es ge vius number type djsxsa ftrus columns dks ge merge djuk pkgrs
gSA
<html>
<head>
<title>.......................</title>
<body>
<table border = "2" >
<td = "3" align = "center">
<H1> PRIDE OF CRICKET</td>
79 | P a g e
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BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
<tr>
<td > <h2> Sachine tendulaker</td>
<td > <h2> Brian lara</td>
<td > <h2> Imran khan</td>
</table>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output
PRIDE OF
CRICKET
Sachine tendulaker Brian lara Imran khan
Q.19 Table es colour nsus ds fy, fdl tag dk use gksxk\
Ans. Table es color nsus ds fy, table ds lkFk <BG color> dk use gksxkA ftlls iwjh
table es ,d tSlk colour ,d lkFk vk tk;sxk ijUrw tc lHkh coloum o row es
vyx&2 colour fill djuk gks rc <td> ds lkFk <BG color > dk use djsxsaA
Q.20 Table ds vUnj ,d ubZ table cukus dh fof/k dks le>kb,\
Ans. dHkh&2 ,slh vko;drk Hkh gksrh gS fd ,d gh line ij nsk table cukuh gS blds
fy, cM+h table ds vUnj ,d NksVh table dk fuekZ.k djuk gksxkA
<html>
<head>
80 | P a g e
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BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
<title>table with in table</title>
<Body>
<td align = "center"> This is a table with in a bigger table<h1>
</td>
</table>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output
tSlk fd output es fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS fd ,d cM+h table es NksVh table display gksdj vkbZ gS
;g dHkh&2 confusing Hkh gksrk gS blfy, ;g ns[kuk vko;d gS fd ftl table ds vUnj
vki table cuk jgs gS coding mlh dh gksA
bl leL;k ds lek/kku ds fy, table es ,d vU; cell tksM+ ns rFkk fQj ml cell ds
vUnj dh nwljh NksVh table dks use es yk;s cM+h table fn[kkbZ u ns blds fy, ml cuh
table ds border dks 'kwU; dj nsaA
<HTML>
<Head>
<title> table width in table </title>
<Body>

81 | P a g e
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<td align = "center">
<td align = "center"> I'm in the first small table ! haaa !!!
</td>
<td align = "center"> I'm in the second table ! wow !!!
</td>
</table>
</body>
</head>
</html>
I'm in
the first
small I'm in the second table ! wow !!!
table !
haaa !!!
Q-21 HTML es frame dk use fdl izdkj fd;k tkrk gSA ,d mnkgj.k nsdj
le>kb,\
Ans. Website ij frame dk iz;ksx 'kq: djus ls igys ;g tku ysuk vko;d gS fd
frame dSls dk;Z djrk gSA
Frame ij vk/kkfjr page nks ;k nks ls vf/kd section es cVs gksrs gS rFkk gj section dk
viuk ,d html document gksrk gSA
<Frame> ,d table dh HkkWarh fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA frame dks ge fdrus Hkkxks es ckaVrs gS
mrus gh Hkkxks ij ,d HTML document dks add djuk gksrk gSA
82 | P a g e
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<Frame> ds lkFk <body> tag dk use ugh fd;k tkrk gS title ds ckn direct <frame set>
tag dk use fd;k tkrk gS rFkk html page dks ftrus Hkh column ;k ftruh row es
divide djuk gksrk gS <frameset> ds lkFk mls fuEu izdkj use fd;k tkrk gSA
<frame set-cols = 50, 50%>
<frame set Rows = 40%, 40%, 20%>
tSlk dh mnkgj.k es crk;k x;k gS fd framset ds lkFk tc cols dk use fd;k x;k
rc bldk vFkZ ;g Fkk fd <html> page dks cjkcj&2 nks columns es divide fd;k tk,A
ogh nwljh vksj row dks 3 Hkkxks es divide djus dk order fn;k x;kA
<Frame set> ds ckn <Frame>
Dk use gksxkA D;ksfd blh ds ek/;e ls divide fd, x, page pkgs og column es gks
;k row es ij <html> documents dks insert djk;k tk,xkA
<HTML>
<Head>
<title> frame </title>
<frameset cols = "50%, 50%">
<frame SRC ="E:\1.HTML">
<frame Src ="E:\2.HTML"></frame>
</head>
</html>
83 | P a g e
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BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
Output
Tkc frame dks column vkSj row nksuks es foHkkftr djuk gksA
<HTML>
<Head>
<title> frame </title>
<frameset rows="50%,50%">
<frame SRC ="E:\1.HTML">
<frame Src ="E:\2.HTML">
</frame>
</head>
</html>
Output
84 | P a g e
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Q.22 Form dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, ,d form es use gksus okys leLr controls o
mlds mi;ksx dks example nsdj le>kb;s\
Ans. Website ds ek/;e ls user dbZ vyx&2 izdkj dh lwpukvks izkIr dj ldrk gSA
lkFk gh os Lo;a ds ckjs es Hkh lwpukvks website dks ns ldrk gSA bl dk;Z ds fy;s
webpage ij user ds fy, vyx&2 forms use fd, tkrs gSA blds web page dh inter
activites Hkh c<+ tkrh gS formas ds fy, dbZ vyx&2 izdkj ds tag dk use gksrk gSA
rc ,d form iwjh rjg rS;kj gksrk gS form fy, dk mi;ksx dj ds user ls text ds :Ik
es lwpuk,sa yh tk ldrh gS drop down list es ls dksbZ Hkh option select fd;k tk
ldrk gS check box dh select dj ldrs gS rFkk ckn es form ij nh xbZ lwpukvks dks
web server ij vkxs dh processing ds fy, Hkst ldrs gSA form dh HTML dk gh Hkkx
gSA blfy, ;s tkuuk vko;d gS fd lHkh web browser form dks ugh fn[kk ikrs dqN
foks"k web browser form dks ugh fn[kk ikrs dqN foks"k web browser dh screen ij
form dks display djrs gS HTML ij form design djus ds fy, <form> tag dk use
gksrk gS ftls var es close Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA
tSls& <Form>
<form> </form> ta ds chp form es lfEefyr fd, tkus okys lHkh object ds fy,
vyx&2 izdkj ls coding dh tkrh gS vkSj blds vfrfjDr HTML ds dbZ vU; tag dk
85 | P a g e
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Hkh lkFk es mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA form es use gksus okys option tag dk use fd;k
tkrk gS o list es vkus okys lHkh option <option> tag ds lkFk fy[ks tkrs gSA
<HTML>
<Head>
<title> list box </title>
<body><H2><U> india's city </U></H2>
<select name = "city" size = "1">
<option> agra </option>
<option> bhopal </option>
<option> gwalior </option>
</select>
</Body>
</head>
</html>
Output
india's city
agra
3-Text box- Text box dk mi;ksx ,d line ds text dks fy[kus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS tSls
Name, address, city, bank account no. etc.
fdlh text box dks form es fLFkr djus ds fy, fUkEu format dk use gksrk gS
<input type = text>
;gkWa <Input> tag ;g crkrk gSA fd object es user }kjk fn;k tkus okyk input vkus okyk
gSA text box es dke vkus okys <Input> tag ds lkFk dbZ lkjs attributes Hkh izeq[k gksxsaA
tks bl izdkj gSA
Attribute Discription
86 | P a g e
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1-Type ;gkWa ;g crk;k tkrk gS fd vkus okyk

control fdl izdkj dk gksxk tye =text
nsus ij text box vk tkrk gSA
2-Name ;gkWa lfEefyr fd;s tkus okys control dk
uke vk tkrk gSA
3-Value ;gkWa control dks izkajfHkd value fyf[k tkrh
gSA
4-Size ;gkWa control dk izkajfHkd size vFkkZr~ ,d
line es text box fdruk cM+k utj vk,xk
vksj ;s pkSM+kbZ character es ukih tkrh gSA
5-Max length Text box es fy[kh tkus okyh vf/kdre
v{kj la[;k vFkkZr~ character no. display
gksrs gSA
<HTML>
<Head>
<title> text box </title>
<body><H3>Enter your personal details:</H3><BR>
Name : <Input type = "text name = "name" size = "20"><br>
Address :<Input type = ''text " name = "address" size = "30"><br>
City : <Input type = "text" name = ''city" size = "10"><br>
</Body>
</head>
</html>
Output
87 | P a g e
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4-Check box- Check box ds group es user fdrus Hkh check box cuk ldrk gSA vkSj
mUgs select dj ldrk gSA ,d form es check box dks fLFkr djus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr
format dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
<Input Type = Check box>
Check box ds lkFk use fd, tkus okys text o attribute fuEufyf[kr gSA
1-Value blds varxZr mu check box dh value server rd Hkst nh tkrh gSA
ftUgs active fd;k tkrk gSA
2-Name vyx&2 izdkj ds check boxes ds name vyx&2 gks ldrs gS ;fn
muds name ,d gS rks mudh value vyx vyx gksuh pkfg,A
3-Checked ;fn vki form dks display djrs gS vkSj ml check box dks on j[kuk
pkgrs gS rc checked dk iz;ksx gskrk gSA
<HTML>
<Head>
<title> check box </title>
<body><H3>select your hobby</H3><BR>
<Input type = "check box" name = "hobby" value > sport <br>
<Input type = "check box" name = "hobby" value > Movies <br>
<Input type = "check box" name = "hobby" value > Yoga <br>
</Body>
</head>
</html>
88 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
Output
5-Radio button- Radio button dks option button Hkh dgkWa tk ldrk gSA bls cukus ds fy,
fuEu fyf[kr tag dk use gksrk gSA
<Input type = Radio>
Radio button ds lkFk fuEufyf[kr attribute use fd;s tkrs gSA
1-Value Radio button ds fy, value nsuk vko;d gksrk gSA Radio button ds iwjs
group ds lHkh option ds fy, value vyx&2 gksuh pkfg,A
2-Name Radio button ds lkFk name dks nsuk Hkh t:jh gksrk gSA Value attribute
ds opposite iwjs group ds izR;sd option ds fy, name ,d tSlk gksuk
vko;d gSA
3-Checked Radio button ds group es default value nsus ds fy, checked value nsuk
t:jh gksrk gSA
fuEufyf[kr mnkgj.k ls bls le>k tk ldrk gSA
<html>
<head>
<title> check box </title>
<Body><H3> Select your hobby </H3><br>
<Input type = "Check box" name = "hobby" value = "sport"> sports <br>
<Input type = "Check box" name = "hobby" value = "movies"> movies <br>
<Input type = "Check box" name = "hobby" value = "yoga"> yoga <br>
</body>
89 | P a g e
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BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
</Head>
</html>
Output
5-Radio button- Radio button dks option button Hkh dgkWa tk ldrk gSA bls cukus ds
fy, fuEu fyf[kr tag dk use gksrk gSA
<Input type = radio>
Radio button ds lkFk fuEufyf[kr attribute dk use fd;s tkrs gSA
1-Value Radio button ds fy, value nsuk vko;d gksrk gSA Radio ds iwjs group
ds lHkh option ds fy, value vyx&2 gksuh pkfg,A
2-Name Radio button ds lkFk name dks nsuk Hkh t:jh gksrh gSA Value attribute
ds apposite iwjs group ds izR;sd option ds fy, name ,d tSlk gksuk
vko;d gSA
3-Checked Radio button ds group es default value nsus ds fy, checked value nsuk
t:jh gksrk gSA
fuEufyf[kr mnkgj.k ls bls lEk>k tk ldrk gSA
<html>
<head>
<title> radio button </title>
<Body><H3> Select your sex : </H3><br>
<Input type = "radio" name = "sex" value = "male"> male<br>
<Input type = "radio" name = "sex" value = "female"> female <br>
90 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
</body>
</Head>
</html>
Output
Select your sex :
male
female
6-Edit box- ,d lkFk dbZ yksxks dks ,d gh input box es Mkyus ds fy, Editor dk use
gksrk gS blds fy, <text area> rFkk </textarea> tag dk use fd;k tkrk gSA <text area>
rFkk </textarea> tags ds chp fy[kk x;k dksbZ Hkh text by default display gks tkrk gSA
user ,d edit box es row o column dh la[;k dks Hkh control dj ldrk gSA
fuEufyf[kr mnkgj.k }kjk bls le>k tk ldrk gSA
<html>
<head>
<title>edit box </title>
<Body><H3> Common About center : </H3><br>
<textarea name= comment rows= 8 cols= 50>
type your comment here: </textarea>
</body>
</Head>
</html>
Output
Common About center :
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type your comment here:
type your comment here:
Tractional Question
<html>
<head>
<title> geet </title>
<body>
<h1>Comment about book: <br>
<textarea name = "comment" row = "8" cols = "50">
type your comment here. </textarea>
<input type = "submit" value = "click to submit" name = ''sumbit><br>
<input type = "reset" value = "refresh" name = "refresh"><br>
<select name = "country" size = "1">
<option selected> India
<option selected> France
<option selected> Gwalior
<option selected> Rewa
<option selected> Morena
<option selected> Jabalpur
92 | P a g e
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</form>
Output
Comment about book:

type your comment here.
click to submit
refresh
Jabalpur
<html>
<head>
<title> Gopal </title>
<body>
<table width = "600" height = "480" border = "1" cellpadding = "50" bg color =
"yellow">
<td><hi>DGD</h1>
<h2> (Diploma in graphic designing)</h2>
<ol type = "I">
<pre>
<li><h4> module - Illustration
<li><h4> module - Image editing
<li><h4> module - Page layout designing
<li><h4> module - digital port folio <br> ---------development <br> ---------- (live
projects )</li></td>
93 | P a g e
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<td><u><p align = "centerr"> career opportunities </u>
<ul>
<li>Graphic designerr
<li>Print media consultant
<li>copy writer
<li>client servicing head/executive
<li>media content managerr
<li>Creative head / executive/ director
<li>Page layout artist
<li>designing studio manager
<li>visualizer
<li>Image editing artist
<li>DTP operator ------- etc <br> And of course a <b> technical instructor on
enterpreneur </table><br>
duration - 6 months (225 hours)
</form>
Output
94 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
DGD
(Diploma in
graphic
designing)
career opportunities
I. module -
Illustrat Graphic designerr
ion Print media consultant
II. copy writer
III. module - client servicing
Image head/executive
editing media content managerr
IV. Creative head / executive/
V. module - director
Page Page layout artist
layout designing studio manager
designing visualizer
VI. Image editing artist
VII. module - DTP operator ------- etc
digital And of course a technical
port instructor on enterpreneur
folio
--------
-
duration - 6 months (225 hours)
developme
nt
--------
-- (live
projects
)
Controls ;k elemetns dqN bl izdkj gSA
Controls / elements
95 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
a-Check box- igys ls fn, x, vyx&2 options group es ls viuh ialn ds fdlh Hkh
,d option dks select djus ds fy, check box dk use gksrk gSA
b-Radio button- blds varxZr Hkh igys ls fn, x, option dk group gksrk gSA ijUrq
radio button ,d ckj es dsoy ,d gh select fd;k tk ldrk gSA
c-Edit box- bls text box dk cM+k :I dgs rks xyr ugh gksxkA D;ksfd bles user vius
eu eqrkfcd comment type dj ldrk gSA
1-Button- fdlh Hkh form es button dk gksuk ,d vko;d igyw gSA tks fd form ds
data dks server rd igqWpkus es help djrk gSA button nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
Submit/OK/yes button
Reset/cancle/refresh button
nksuks gh button ds fy, coding Hkh vyx&2 izdkj ls dh tkrh gSA
Submit button-
<html>
<head>
<title> button </title>
<body>
<input - type = "submit" - value = "click to submit" - name = "submit">
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output
click to submit
Reset button-
<html>
96 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490
BY : suraj sir (9074014817)
<head>
<title> button </title>
<body>
<input - type = "Reset" - value = "Refresh" - name = "Refresh">
</body>
</head>
</html>
Output-
Refresh
2-List box- HTML document es list cukus ds fy, <select> rFkk </select> dke es fy;k
tkrk gSA <select> tag dks nks vyx&2 izdkj dh list tSls scrolling list vkSj popup menu
list cukus ds dke es fy;k tkrk gSA
<select> tag ,d container tag gS vFkkZr~ <select> o </select> ds chp es vkSj vyx&2
tag dk use gksrk gS vkSj bUgh ds chp esA
97 | P a g e
MOB: 0751-4001098, 9617900490

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excellence COMPUTER INSTITUTE

bhadavna market baradari chaurah, morar, GWALIOR [M.P.]

Internet dk fodkl dc vkSj dSls gqvk ;g ,d LoHkkfod lk izu gS Internet ds

fuEufyf[kr fp= ds ek/;e ls bls le>k tk ldrk gSA

Q.2 Internet ds tools o mudh lsokvks dks le>kb,\

Information retrievel tools

1-Information retrieval tools- bl category ds varxZr fuEufyf[kr tools vkrs gSA

FTP(File Transfer Protocol)- ;g protocol ,d computer ls nwljs computer ds network

uke o password dh vko;drk gksrh gS tc user ds uke o password nksusk gh lgh

3-Multimedia information tools

4-Information search tools

4-Information search tools

Archie vkerkSj ij server dk ,d ,slk group gS ftlds izR;sd server es vyx&2

Q.3 Internet ds vuqiz;ksx vFkkZr~ mlds application ij ppkZ djks\

1-Business on interne- Internet us vkt ,d vyx m|ksx txr dh LFkkiuk dh gS ftldks

2-Governess on Internet- Internet 'kklu es cgqr gh lgk;d gS ;g vPNs 'kklu ds fy,

E-governance fuEufyf[kr xfrfof/k;ks dks 'kkfey djrh gSA

Q.4 WWW ds fodkl ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,\

Www dks ge lwpukvks dh lajpuk ds :Ik es Hkh ifjHkf"kr dj ldrs gS WWW ,d

1-Internet Explorer- ;g ,d stand along web browser gS tks internet connection ds

2-Netscap Navigator- Netscap navigation ,d cgqr gh izpfyr WWW program gS tks fd

MOSAIC- ;g ,d GUI browser gSA bl browser dks eq[; window ij vk/kkfjr OS ds

Courses of MCRPV University

DCA Ist sem

http : // www.mcv.ac.in Fundamental of computer & I.T.

MCA Iind sem

Q.6 Search engine ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\

internet ij tc dqN foks"k lwpukvks dh vko;drk gksrh gS rc user search engine dh

1.WWW.yahoo.com- ;g ,d cgqr gh iqjkuk o izpfyr o yksdfiz; search engine gks

2-WWW.google.com- Google vR;f/kd interseting search engine gS ftlds varxZr dkQh

3-WWW.hot bot.com- ;g ,d vyx izdkj dk search engine gS D;ksfd blds ek/;e

4-WWW.alpavista.com- ;g search engine fHkUu&2 izdkj dh Hkk"kkvks es lwpukvks dks

5-WWW. -Lycos ,d fokky search engine gS ftlds vraxZr

Q.7 Client server archietecture dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,\

Client server architecture ds ykHk&

1-,d server ds ek/;e ls ,d ls vf/kd computer dks work station dk :I iznku

2-Computer software o hardware nksusk dk gh ljyrk ls mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA

4-Client dh request ij server ds }kjk rqjUr process gksrh gSA

Client server dh architecture dh gkfu;kWa&

4-Client server architecture dks laHkkyus ds fy, de ls de ,d network administration

Q.8 Various service www dks fofHkUu lsok,Wa crkb,\

1- Web browser- ;g ,d ,slk program gS ftldk use internet ij miyC/k lkjh

,d web page eq[;r% pkj Hkkxks ls rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA

Website dks dqN bl izdkj ns[kk o tkuk tkrk gS&

http :// www.yahoo.com

http :// www.Hotmail.com

http ://www. Google.com

Q.9 WWW dh foks"krk,Wa crkb,\

3-Facility of multimedia- Multimedia Interactivity es web server ls ckr phr djus dh

Q.2 Internet vs Intranet dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,\

intranet ds mnkgj.k ds :Ik es dqN gn rd le>k tk ldrk gSA

Internet vkSj Intranet es ewyHkwr varj dqN bl izdkj gSA

Basic of Difference Internet Intranet

tkrk gSA d;ksfd search dfBukbZ Hkh ugh vkrh gSA

Q.3 Protocols dks le>kb,@ifjHkkf"kr dhft,@ Protocols ds dk;ksZ o izdkjks ij Hkh

tSls& Information, computer or computer networkd ftuds chp lwpukvks dk vknku&iznku

nks O;fDr;ks ds e/; ijLij communication djus dk ek/;e gh protocol gSA

nks vyx&2 O;fDr;ks ds chp comunication rc rd laHko ugh gks ldrk gS tc rd fd

Protocols ds dk;Z o muds izdkj&

1-TCP (Transformission/Transfer control potocol)- ;g lcls egRoiw.kZ internet protocol

3-FTP(File transfer protocol)- ;g protocol ,d system ls nwljs system ij ;k ,d

6-TFTP (Travel file transfer protocol)- ;g FTP dh rqyuk es ,d lk/kkj.k protocol gs

8-SNMP (Simple network management protocol)- ;g protocol vyx&2 networks