1. Tell us about LTE Frame Structure?

I find below table probably the best way to remember about LTE frame structure.
Configuratio (TDD) Frame Type
(FDD)Frame Type 1
n 2
Frame Length 10 ms 10 ms
Subframes
10 10
per Frame
Subframe
1 1
Length (ms)
Slots per
2 2
Subframe
Symbols/Slot,
7 7
normal CP
Symbols/Slot,
6 6
extended CP

What are the Bandwidths used for LTE deployment?

We have following Bandwidths being used for LTE,

1.4MHz, 3 MH, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz

How Many subcarriers/RBs are there in 5/10/20 MHz channel?

Channel
1.4 3 5 10 15 20
Bandwidth, MHz

Subcarriers per
12 12 12 12 12 12
Resource Block

Number of
6 15 25 50 75 100
Resource Blocks

Total subcarriers 128 256 512 1024 1536 2048

Occupied
72 180 300 600 900 1200
Subcarriers

What is Subcarrier Bandwidth in LTE?

15 kHz
 How can we calculate LTE DL/UL throughput?

Note: Please see tables in Q.1 and Q.3 for relevant info provided in below answer.

Lets assume we have 20 MHz channel bandwidth.

we need to calculate the resource elements in a subframe for this band i.e.

12subcarriers x 7 OFDMA symbols x 100 resource blocks x 2 slots= 16800 REs per
subframe.

Assume we have 64 QAM modulation and no coding, one modulation

symbol will carry 6 bits.

16800 modulation symbols x 6 bits / modulation symbol = 100800 bits.

So, the data rate is 100800 bits / 1 ms = 100.8 Mbps.

With 44 MIMO, the peak data rate goes up to 100.8 Mbps x 4 = 403 Mbps.

Estimate about 25% overhead e.g. PDCCH, reference signal, sync signals,
PBCH, and some We get 403 Mbps x 0.75 = 302 Mbps.

What Maximum LTE throughput can be achieved in the field?

I have seen upto 70Mbps on TDD network with 20 MHz bandwidth channel.

How many states a UE can have ?

There are 2 UE stats i.e. UE Idle and UE Connect.

UE can either be on Connected or on Idle state at a time.

Please note that UE Idle/Connected and RRC Idle/Connected means the same .
 What is difference between Idle & Connected Mode?

In LTE UE can either be on Connected or on Idle state.

Following diagram taken from (http://www.teletopix.org/4g-lte/state-of-rrc-in-

lte/) shows a better difference b/w these two states;

1. RRC Connected, when it has a RRC connection with a given eNB

2. RRC IDLE when it has no valid RRC link with any eNB.

What is difference between HO, Redirection, Cell Selection and Re-Selection?

1. Handover (HO): UE moves from one eNB to target eNB while keeping its
connected state. LTE Services will be uninterrupted.

In handover procedure, target cell would be prepared and UE will latch on

target cell based on the configuration sent by source enodeb to UE.

2. Redirection: UE changes its state from connected to Idle mode during

Redirection. LTE Service will be interrupted. Meaning the Source ENB shall
release the connection of the UE and will ask the UE to redirect itself onto
the target ENB by indicating the carrier frequency or the cell id in the RRC
connection release message. For example, During CS Fallback, the UE is
redirected from LTE RRC_CONNECTED mode to (2G/3G) idle mode).
 3. Cell Selection: It allows a UE to search and camp on a suitable cell. Cell
selection occurs during Initial cell selection (when UE switches
ON), Stored information cell selection (uses stored cell info to identify
appropriate cell), and Cell selection when leaving RRC connected mode
(When UE move from RRC CONNECTED to RRC IDLE mode)

4. Cell Reselection: Its Idle mode procedure and happens from idle mode to
idle mode. Reselection can occur on cell within same RAT (Intra-RAT) or
different RAT(Inter-RAT).

What is RRC Reconfiguration?

RRC CONNECTION RECONFIGURATION message is the command to modify an

RRC connection. Main purposes of RRC Connection Reconfiguration are to,

Establish/modify/release Radio Bearers

Perform Handover

Setup/modify/release Measurements

Add/modify/release SCells

Dedicated NAS Information might also be transferred from eNodeB to UE

What is Difference between MIB and SIB?

MIB and SIM are two types of System Information (SI) that is broadcasted in the
serving are of particular cell. SI is carried by the logical channel BCCH, which in
turn is carried by either of the transport channels BCH or DL-SCH.
Master information Block (MIB): is a static part of SI and contain information like
number of antennas, system bandwidth,PHICH configuration, transmitted power
and scheduling information on how the SIBs are scheduled together with other
data on DL-SCH. MIB is transmitted on the BBCH> PBCH with periodicity of
every 40 ms.
System Information Block (SIB): is a dynamic part of SI. It carry relevant
information for the UE, which helps UE to access a cell, perform cell re-selection,
information related to INTRA-frequency, INTER-frequency and INTER-RAT cell
selections. It is mapped on DL-SCH >PDSCH with periodicity of every 80 ms,
160ms or 320ms for SIB1,SIB2 and SIB3 respectively.
How many types of SIBs are available in LTE?
 There are 13 types of SIBs for LTE.
What does SIB1/SIB2/ /SIB13 do?
Each SIB carry information related to specific tasks.
Carries Cell access related parameters like cell ID, MCC, MNC, TAC, scheduling of
SIB-1 other SIBs
Carries Common and shared channel configuration, RACH related configuration
SIB-2 are present; RRC, uplink power control, preamble power ramping, uplink Cyclic
Prefix Length, sub-frame hopping, uplink EARFCN
Parameters required for intra-frequency, inter-frequency and I-RAT cell re-
SIB-3 selections
Information regarding INTRA-frequency neighboring cells (E-UTRA) carries serving
SIB-4 cell and neighbor cell frequencies required for cell reselection as well handover
Information regarding INTER-frequency neighboring cells (E-UTRA); carries E-
SIB-5 UTRA LTE frequencies, other neighbor cell frequencies from other RATs.
SIB-6 Information for re-selection to INTER-RAT (UTRAN cells)

SIB-7 Information for re-selection to INTER-RAT (GERAN cells)

SIB-8 Information for re-selection to INTER-RAT (CDMA2000)

SIB-9 Information related to Home eNodeB (FEMTOCELL)

ETWS (Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System) information (Primary
SIB-10 notification)
ETWS (Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System) information (Secondary
SIB-11 notification)
SIB-12 Commercial Mobile Alert Service (CMAS) information.
Contains the information required to acquire the MBMS control information
SIB-13 associated with one or more MBSFN areas.

Explore below link to know more about each and every SIB,
http://www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/LTE-MIB-SIB-system-information-
blocks.html

On which channels SIBs are transmitted?

BCCH> DL-SCH> PDSCH.

Which SIBs are essential?

In LTE, for a UE to access the eNB, at the most minimum 2 SIBs are required (SIB1
and SIB2). Information regarding SIB2-SIB13 are carried in SI messages and are
included in schedulingInfoList which is part of SIB1.

Why we need SIB19?

SIB 19 is needed when UE is coming back from 3G to 4G. LTE priority should be set
high in 3G. SIB19 carries the absolute priority of the serving UMTS cell, the absolute
priorities of the LTE frequencies, and the cell reselection thresholds.

Message flow during LTE Call?

Can you tell us about Prach/PCI/Pusch/Pucch Planning?

Handover types in LTE

 What is difference between X2 and S1 HO?

Explain Handover signalling messages?

Explain Events measurements in LTE

Which event trigger during the reselection from LTE to 3G and vice
versa

What is ANR?

What are the types of ANR? Which one is better?

What is QCI?

What is LTE modulation?AMC?

What is MIMO?

What is TM? TM1? TM2? TM3? TM4?

What is close loop MIMO?

Mapping of MIB and SIB messages?

Explain SIB messages?

What is purpose of SIB19?

What Message will be observed on layer-3 During handover stage?

Which channel carries CQI information to enodB?

What other info PUCCH carries?

What is DRX?

What is UE disconnection Timer?

What is the Location of PUCCH in the UL Spectrum?

CS Fall back criteria and event?

 Explain CSFallback signalling?

What basic parameters are required from Planning to configure a

site?

Explain PCI (Physical Cell id) Planning?

How do you deal with Interference issues during PCI planning

How do we do optimization of site?

What are the Features available to improve accessibility,

retainability?

What is BLER? Whats Target value?

How to investigate low throughput?

What major KPIs have you been analyzing most?