Calculation of Effective pressure at the face of the TBM

This method is based upon the silo theory

(Janssen, 1895) according to the tri-
dimensional model of sliding mechanism
proposed by Horn. The analysis is performed in
drained condition, and a distinction between
the stabilizing water pressure and effective
pressure in chamber of EPBS is presented. If a
gradient between water pressure in the chamber
and in the ground exists, destabilizing
seepage forces occur and a higher effective
pressure is required at the face.
However,accepting this flow, the total
stabilizing pressure is lower than in the case
of imposed hydrogeological balance.

Wedge and prism model (Anagnostou and Kovri, 1996)

 Force diagram on the wedge ahead of tunnel face

Input Values
Diameter of the tunnel (D) 8m
Height above tbm to the ground l 10 m
Initial Water table (ho) 25 m
Final Water table (hf) 13 m
Cohesion ' C ' 15 kPa
Angleof friction () 30 o
Saturated unit weight of soil 23 kN/m3
Unit weight of water 10 kN/m3

Calculations
Y' 13 kN/m3
h 12 m
H+D 18
H/D 1.25
(h0-d)/D 2.125

From the Graphs

F0 0.2

F1 2.5
For finding F2 & F3 1.25

F2 0.45
F3 0.09

Face Pressure S= F0 Y'D-F1 C+ F2Y'h -F3 c h/D

51.48 kPa

Graphical Calcuation of Face Pressure

Jancsecz and Steiner (J & S)

Diameter of the tunnel (D) 8m

Height above tbm to the ground 15 m
Initial Water table (ho) 15 m
Final Water table (hf) 8m
Cohesion ' C ' 15 kPa
Angleof friction () 30 o
Saturated unit weight of soil 23 kN/m3
Unit weight of water 10 kN/m3
Angleof friction () 30 o 0.52
B 65 o 1.13
Yd 18

Calculations
45+/2 30 o 0.52

Ka3= (sin Cos B -Cos2 B tan - K cos B tan /1.5)/(Sin B Cos B +Sin 2 B tan
K= (1-sin + tan2 (45+/2))/2)
= (1+ 3 t/D)/(1+2t/D)

k 0.416667
1.394737
Ka3 0.216239

Graphical Method to find Ka3

 B
C/D =20 =25 =30 =35 =40
0 60.34 62.611 64.802 66.9 68.918
1 91.89 64.161 66.286 68.283 70.177
2 62.197 64.464 66.58 68.566 70.423
3 63.22 64.592 66.706 68.683 70.527

Ka3
C/D =20 =25 =30 =35 =40
0 0.386 0.31 0.248 0.199 0.159
1 0.354 0.279 0.222 0.177 0.141
2 0.348 0.273 0.217 0.173 0.138
3 0.345 0.271 0.214 0.171 0.136

C 19
D 8
C/D 2.375
B 68.5
ka3 0.176 (from graph)

sigma #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

E #VALUE! 0.9458753066
Gs #VALUE!
Gw #VALUE!
T
K #VALUE!

v= 111.5916

Wedge dimensions
B 62*cot(
D 62*cot( 1 #VALUE!
k= #VALUE! 2 #VALUE!
3 #VALUE!
raise #VALUE!
surcharge qo 20 #VALUE!
C (over burden) 100 final #VALUE!
Yvd 20

111.5916
-4.73205
0.991192
r= 1.4641016151
0
-4.73205
0

111.5916
24.13052
Broms and Bennemark (1967)

sigma= Y.(C+R)+qs.N.Cu

qs (Surcharge) 10 kPa
Y (Unit weight of soil) 20 kN/m3
R (Radius) 5m
Cu( Undrained Shear Strength) 25 kPa
C( Over burden depth) 10 m
N 6

t 1800 kN/m2
Atkinson and Patts (1977)
Broere (2001)
Multi Layer Wedge Method (Hu et al.,2012)
 Sheet7

Jancsecz and Steiner (J & S)

Diameter of the tunnel (D) 8m

Height above tbm to the ground 13 m
Initial Water table (ho) 12 m
Final Water table (hf) 11 m
Cohesion ' C ' 0.015 Pa #NAME?
Angleof friction () 30 o

Saturated unit weight of soil 23000 N/m3

Unit weight of water 10000 N/m3
Angleof friction () 30 o 0.52
B 65 o 1.13
Yd 18000
C 10 m
qo 0 n/mm2
Calculations
45+/2 30 o 0.52

Ka3= (sin Cos B -Cos2 B tan - K cos B tan /1.5)/(Sin B Cos B +Sin 2 B tan
K= (1-sin + tan2 (45+/2))/2)
= (1+ 3 t/D)/(1+2t/D)

k 0.416667
1.382353
Ka3 0.217219

Page 14
 Sheet7

sigma #NAME? N/m2 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

E #NAME? N 0.9458753066
Gs #NAME? #NAME?
Gw #NAME?
T #NAME? #NAME?
K 1.059243

v= 110985.4

Wedge dimensions
B 8
D 8 1 414635.83239
k= 1.059243 2 0.3347460692
3 -37667.4069
raise -0.40758646
surcharge qo 20 0.6652539308
C (over burden) 100 final 101130.30813
Yvd 32222

110028.3
-3.78564
0.977306
r= 1.4641016151
957.1376
-4.10111
0.00614

110985.4
24108.1

Page 15
 Sheet7

Graphical Method to find Ka3

Page 16
 Sheet7

B
C/D =20 =25 =30 =35 =40
0 60.34 62.611 64.802 66.9 68.918
1 91.89 64.161 66.286 68.283 70.177
2 62.197 64.464 66.58 68.566 70.423
3 63.22 64.592 66.706 68.683 70.527

Ka3
C/D =20 =25 =30 =35 =40
0 0.386 0.31 0.248 0.199 0.159
1 0.354 0.279 0.222 0.177 0.141
2 0.348 0.273 0.217 0.173 0.138
3 0.345 0.271 0.214 0.171 0.136

C 17
D 8
C/D 2.125
B 68.5
ka3 0.176 (from graph)

Page 17
 Sheet7

574111.2
-0.09862
0
0.094058
1.098624
-56621.1

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Sheet7

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Sheet7

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