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SpectralMeasurementsExpressVI
TableofContents

OwningPalette:SignalAnalysisExpressVIs
LabVIEW2011Help
Requires:FullDevelopmentSystem
EditionDate:June2011
PerformsFFTbasedspectralmeasurements,suchastheaveragedmagnitudespectrum,
powerspectrum,andphasespectrumonasignal.
PartNumber:371361H01
DetailsExamples
ViewProductInfo
DialogBoxOptions DownloadHelp
BlockDiagramInputs (WindowsOnly)

BlockDiagramOutputs

DialogBoxOptions
Parameter Description
Selected Containsthefollowingoptions:
Measurement Magnitude(RMS)Measuresthespectrumanddisplaystheresultsintermsofrootmean
square(RMS).Youtypicallyusethismeasurementwithmoreadvancedmeasurementsthat
requiremagnitudeandphaseinformation.ThemagnitudeofthespectrumismeasuredinRMS
values.Forexample,asinetoneofamplitudeAyieldsamagnitudespectralvalueof0.707*Aat
thesinetonefrequency.Youcanunwrapthephasespectrumorconvertitfromradiansto
degreesbysettingPhasetoUnwrapphaseorConverttodegree,respectively.Ifyouplacea
checkmarkintheAveragingcheckbox,thephaseofthespectrumiszeroforaveraging.
Magnitude(peak)Measuresthespectrumanddisplaystheresultsintermsofpeakamplitude.
Youtypicallyusethismeasurementwithmoreadvancedmeasurementsthatrequiremagnitude
andphaseinformation.Themagnitudeofthespectrumismeasuredinpeakvalues.Forexample,
asinetoneofamplitudeAyieldsamagnitudespectralvalueofAatthesinetonefrequency.You
canunwrapthephasespectrumorconvertitfromradianstodegreesbysettingPhaseto
UnwrapphaseorConverttodegree,respectively.IfyouplaceacheckmarkintheAveraging
checkbox,thephaseofthespectrumiszeroforaveraging.
PowerspectrumMeasuresthespectrumanddisplaystheresultsintermsofpower.Allphase
informationislostinthecomputation.Youtypicallyusethismeasurementtoexaminethevarious
frequencycomponentsofasignal.Whileaveragingtocomputeapowerspectrumdoesnotreduce
theunwantednoiseinasystem,averagingisusefulbecauseitprovidesareliablestatistical
estimateofthelevelofrandomsignalsmeasured.
PowerspectraldensityMeasuresthespectrumanddisplaystheresultsintermsofpower
spectraldensity(PSD).PowerspectraldensityisascaledversionofPowerspectrum,where
thepowerpresentwithineachspectralbinisnormalizedbythefrequencybinwidth.Youtypically
usethismeasurementtoexaminethenoisefloorofasignalorthepowerinaspecificfrequency
range.Normalizingthepowerspectrumbythebinwidthmakesthismeasurementindependentof
thesignalduration,ornumberofsamples.

Result Containsthefollowingoptions:
LinearReturnstheresultsintermsoftheoriginalunits.
dBReturnstheresultsintermsofdecibels(dB).

Window Specifiesthewindowtoapplytothesignal.
NonedoesnotapplyawindowtoSignals.
HanningappliesaHanningwindowtoSignals.
HammingappliesaHammingwindowtoSignals.
BlackmanHarrisappliesaBlackmanHarriswindowtoSignals.
ExactBlackmanappliesanexactBlackmanwindowtoSignals.
BlackmanappliesaBlackmanwindowtoSignals.
FlatTopappliesaFlatTopwindowtoSignals.
4TermBHarrisappliesaFourTermBlackmanHarriswindowtoSignals.
7TermBHarrisappliesaSevenTermBlackmanHarriswindowtoSignals.
LowSidelobeappliesaLowSidelobewindowtoSignals.
 RefertotheScaledTimeDomainWindowVIforinformationaboutcoefficientsandwindowparametersfor
eachwindowtype.
Averaging SpecifieswhethertheExpressVIperformsaveraging.
Mode Containsthefollowingoptions:
VectorComputestheaverageofcomplexFFTspectrumquantitiesdirectly.Vectoraveraging
eliminatesnoisefromsynchronoussignals.
RMSAveragestheenergy,orpower,oftheFFTspectrumofthesignal.
PeakholdPerformsaveragingateachfrequencylineseparately,retainingpeaklevelsfromone
FFTrecordtothenext.

Weighting Containsthefollowingoptions:
LinearSpecifieslinearaveraging,whichaveragesoverthenumberofpacketsyouspecifyin
NumberofAveragesinanonweightedmanner.
ExponentialSpecifiesexponentialaveraging,whichaveragesoverthenumberofpacketsyou
specifyinNumberofAveragesinaweightedmanner.Exponentialaveraginggivesthemost
recentpacketsmoreweightingintheaveragethanolderpackets.

Numberof Specifiesthenumberofpacketstoaverage.Thedefaultis10.
Averages
Produce Containsthefollowingoptions:
Spectrum EveryiterationReturnsthespectrumaftereveryiterationoftheExpressVI.
OnlywhenaveragingcompleteReturnsthespectrumonlyaftertheExpressVIgathersthe
numberofpacketsyouspecifyinNumberofAverages.

Phase Containsthefollowingoptions:
UnwrapphaseEnablesphaseunwrappingontheoutputphase.
ConverttodegreeReturnsthephaseindegrees.

Windowed DisplaysthefirstchannelofSignals.Thisgraphdisplaystheincomingsignalwithwindowingapplied.Ifyou
InputSignal wiredatatotheExpressVIandrunit,WindowedInputSignaldisplaysrealdata.Ifyoucloseandreopen
theExpressVI,WindowedInputSignaldisplayssampledatauntilyouruntheVIagain.
Magnitude Displaysapreviewofthemagnitudemeasurementofthesignal.IfyouwiredatatotheExpressVIandrunit,
Result MagnitudeResultPreviewdisplaysrealdata.IfyoucloseandreopentheExpressVI,MagnitudeResult
Preview PreviewdisplayssampledatauntilyouruntheVIagain.
PhaseResult Displaysapreviewofthephasemeasurementofthesignal.IfyouwiredatatotheExpressVIandrunit,
Preview PhaseResultPreviewdisplaysrealdata.IfyoucloseandreopentheExpressVI,PhaseResultPreview
displayssampledatauntilyouruntheVIagain.

BlockDiagramInputs
Parameter Description
Signals Containstheinputsignalorsignals.
Restart Specifieswhethertorestarttheselectedaveragingprocess.ThedefaultisFALSE.WhenyoucallthisExpressVI
Averaging forthefirsttime,theaveragingprocessstartsautomatically.Thisinputappearsonlyifyouplaceacheckmarkin
theAveragingcheckbox.
errorin Describeserrorconditionsthatoccurbeforethisnoderuns.

BlockDiagramOutputs
Parameter Description
FFT ReturnstheFFTmagnitudespectrumanddisplaystheresultsinRMSunits.
(RMS)
Power ReturnstheFFTpowerspectrumanddisplaystheresultsinRMSsquaredunits.TocomputetheFFTpower
Spectrum spectrum,LabVIEWconvertsthetwosidedpowerspectrumtothesinglesidedpowerspectrum.
PSD ReturnstheFFTpowerspectraldensityanddisplaystheresultsinRMSsquaredperHzunits.
FFT ReturnstheFFTmagnitudespectrumanddisplaystheresultsinpeakunits.
(Peak)
averaging ReturnsTRUEwhenthenumberofaveragescompletedequalsorexceedsNumberofAverages.
done
Phase ReturnstheFFTphasespectrumanddisplaystheresultsindegreesorradians.
errorout Containserrorinformation.Thisoutputprovidesstandarderroroutfunctionality.

SpectralMeasurementsDetails
FFTbasedspectralcomputationsassumethatthefiniteblockofsignaldatarepresentsoneperiodofaperiodicsignal.The
computedspectrumofthiseffectiveperiodicallyextendedsignalshowsenergyspreadingintofrequenciesthatwerenot
 presentintheoriginalsignal.Toreducethisspectralleakage,usesmoothingwindowstotaperthesharptransitionsinthe
effectivesignal.Youdonottypicallyusewindowsifyoucanacquireanintegernumberofcyclesofeachfrequencycomponent
measuredorifyouareanalyzingnoisespectra.
ThisExpressVIoperatessimilarlytothefollowingVIsandfunctions:
FFTSpectrum(MagPhase)
FFTSpectrum(RealIm)
FFTPowerSpectrumandPSD

Examples
RefertothefollowingVIsforexamplesofusingtheSpectralMeasurementsVI:
GraphAdaptingtoAttributesVI:labview\examples\general\graphs
ReadSignalVI:labview\examples\general\templates\LoadfromFileandDisplay
BasicSpectralMeasurementVI:labview\examples\express
SpectrumMeasurementsVI:labview\examples\express
FilterVI:labview\examples\express

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