7/5/2017 VOLTAGE SAG TYPES - ABC CLASSIFICATION | Power Quality In Electrical Systems

Power Quality In Electrical Systems

A compilation of various power quality information, issues, applications, technologies, news and updates

Ads by Google Classification Voltage Transformer Voltage Electrical Custom Search

Home Power Quality PQ Devices Standards Software Case Studies Features References

Subscribe Now! Free!

VOLTAGE SAG TYPES - ABC CLASSIFICATION
Sunday, April 17, 2011
Free Feed Subscripti

HTLS overhead conductor - Low

Loss,High Capaicty,Low sag
ACFR can reduce transmission loss or increase
transmission capacity keeping sag tokyorope.co.jp Ads by Google

System Voltag
PCBA manufacturer - PCBA design
Pcb Assembly Electronic Pcba joga-pcba.com
Voltage Qualit

Accelerate your tripping speed -

SEL-FT50 and SEL-FR12 System PQWers
Speed up your distribution protection with better
coordination and reliability. selinc.com Followers (50)

Voltage Sag Types are generally based on the individual voltages (both magnitude and angle) for each
of the three phases during sags or dips. Usually, three-phase voltage sags are categorized by either the
ABC classification or the symmetrical components classification. However, voltage sag type according to
the ABC classification is frequently used due to its simplicity as it is based on a simplified network
model. Consequently, the classification is based on incomplete assumptions and cannot be used to
obtain the characteristics of measured sags. The symmetrical component classification is more general
and gives a direct link with measured voltages but is harder to understand and a translation to the ABC
classification may be suitable for many applications. In addition, the ABC classification was developed to
analyze the propagation of sag or dip from transmission to distribution levels, when a disturbance Follow
propagates through a transformer.

Factors That Affect Voltage Sag Type

Popular Posts
Specifically, at the equipment terminals, these factors affect the voltage sag type:
CBEMA
CURVE
THE 1. Fault type
POWER
ACCEPTA
BILITY Voltage sags are primarily caused by system faults. Each fault type has a different effect to the voltages
CURVE FOR COMPUTER
BUSINESS EQUIPMENT at the fault point, which subsequently defined the voltage sag types.
CBEMA Curve is one of
the most frequently
employed power
Single-Line-to-Ground (SLG) Fault
acceptability curve. It was Line-to-Line (LL) Fault
developed by the
Computer Business
Double-Line-to-Ground (LLG) Fault
Equipment Manufac... Three Phase (3P) Fault

ANSI
C84.1 2. Transformer Winding Connection
ELECTRIC
POWER
SYSTEMS Transformer winding connections are classified into three types to explain the transfer of three-phase
AND unbalanced voltage sags, as well as the change in voltage sag type, from one voltage level to another.
EQUIPMENT - VOLTAGE
RANGES
ANSI C84.1 is the Type 1 Transformers that do not change anything to the voltages. The primary voltages (per
American National
Standard for Electric unit) are equal to the secondary per unit voltages. The only transformer configuration that falls
Power Systems and under this type is the WYE Grounded-wye grounded (Ynyn).
Equipment Voltage
Ratings (60 Hertz). In
1954, the first vers... Type 2 Transformers that remove the zero-sequence voltage. Basically, the secondary voltage
(pu) is equal to the primary voltage (pu) minus the zero-sequence component. The DELTA-delta
STATCOM (STATIC
SYNCHRONOUS (Dd), DELTA-zigzag (Dz) and the WYE-wye (with both windings ungrounded or with only one
COMPENSATOR) star point grounded) belong to this type.
STATCOM or Static
Synchronous
Compensat Type 3 Transformers that changes line and phase voltages. DELTA-wye (Dy), WYE-delta (Yd)
or is a
shunt and the WYE-zigzag (Yz) fit under this type.
http://www.powerqualityworld.com/2011/04/voltage-sag-types-abc-classification.html 1/4
7/5/2017 VOLTAGE SAG TYPES - ABC CLASSIFICATION | Power Quality In Electrical Systems
shunt and the WYE-zigzag (Yz) fit under this type.
device,
which uses
3. Load Connection
TI's Buck-
force-
commutated power
electronics (i.e. GTO,
IGBT) to control po... Wye-connected load
Boost
STEP-
Delta-connected load
Converter
VOLTAGE
REGULAT The ABC classification is derived based on the combination of the three factors discussed above. The
ORS IN
table below summarizes the combination and the resulting voltage sag type.
96%
THE
UTILITY E ciency
DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEMS Over A Wide
Step-Voltage Regulators
applied in the utilitys Current Range
distribution systems are
generally medium-voltage
mechanical automatic
In Only Half
voltage regulat...
The Board
POWER
QUALITY
Space.
BASICS:
VOLTAGE ti.com
FLUCTUAT
IONS AND
FLICKER
Voltage Fluctuations are
described by IEEE as
systematic variations of the
voltage waveform
envelope, or a series of
random voltage chang...

Blog Archive

2012 (6)
2011 (93) Recent Posts
December (1)
November (1)
October (5)
September (11)
August (13)
July (7)
June (5) Combination of Factors and the Resulting Voltage Sag Type

May (20) Examples:

April (16)
UNINTERRUPTIBLE For a SLG fault, Type 2 Transformer and Wye-connected Load - voltage sag type D is to be
POWER SUPPLY
(UPS) expected. PQWStats
ELECTRONIC For LLG fault, No transformer and Delta-connected load - the voltage sag type is F.
VOLTAGE
REGULATOR (EVR)
FOR LOW Moreover, based on the table presented above, the following can be noted:
VOLTAGE...
BASIC STEPS IN
SOLVING POWER
Type A voltage sags are due to three-phase faults, regardless of transformer winding and
QUALITY load connections.
PROBLEMS
Type B voltage sags are only caused by SLG faults.
AMBIGUOUS POWER
QUALITY TERMS Types C & D are produced from either SLG or LL faults.
POWER QUALITY Types E, F & G are only expected if the fault is LLG.
BASICS:
INTERRUPTIONS The transformer winding and load connections varies the voltage sag type as the disturbance
STEP-VOLTAGE propagates through the power system.
REGULATORS IN
THE UTILITY
DISTRIBUTIO...
POWER QUALITY Voltage Sag Types - ABC Classification
BASICS: VOLTAGE
SWELL
There are seven basic voltage sag types according to the ABC classification. These are shown
ANSI C84.1: ELECTRIC
POWER SYSTEMS (equation and phasor forms) in the figure below considering phase A as the reference. The pre-event
AND EQUIPMENT voltage in phase A is indicated by E1, recalling to the equivalence between phase A voltage and the
...
VOLTAGE SAG TYPES
positive-sequence voltage in a balanced system. The voltage in the phase or between phases, which
- ABC experienced the sag is denoted by V.
CLASSIFICATION
CONSTANT VOLTAGE
OR
FERRORESONANT
TRANSFORMER
SIZI...

CONSTANT VOLTAGE Live Traffic Feed

TRANSFORMERS A visitor from
http://www.powerqualityworld.com/2011/04/voltage-sag-types-abc-classification.html 2/4
7/5/2017 VOLTAGE SAG TYPES - ABC CLASSIFICATION | Power Quality In Electrical Systems
TRANSFORMERS A visitor from
(CVT) OR
FERRORESONA... Jakarta Raya viewed
"VOLTAGE SAG TYP
SEMI F47: CHANGES
FROM SEMI F47-
ABC CLASSIFICATIO
0200 TO SEMI F47- Power Quality In Elect
0... A visitor from
Systems" 1 min ago
South Carolina
SEMI F47:
SPECIFICATION
"OVERVIEW OF PAS
FOR HARMONIC FILTERS
SEMICONDUCTOR Power Quality In Elect
PROCESSI... A visitor from
Systems" 4 mins ago
ITIC CURVE - POWER
Alabama viewed "
ACCEPTABILITY CURVE - POWER
CURVE FOR ACCEPTABILITY CU
INFORMA... FOR INFORMATION
CBEMA CURVE THE TECHNOLOGY
A visitor from
POWER EQUIPMENT | Power
ACCEPTABILITY Kingdom viewed "
CURVE FOR CO... Quality In
CURVE Electrical
- POWER
Systems" 9 mins agoCU
ACCEPTABILITY
ANSI C84.1 ELECTRIC
POWER SYSTEMS FOR INFORMATION
AND EQUIPMENT - TECHNOLOGY
A visitor from
... EQUIPMENT | Power
Guangdong viewed
March (14) Quality
"POWER In QUALITY
Electrical
Systems" 15
BASICS: mins ago
VOLTAGE
FLUCTUATIONS AN
PQW Partners FLICKER
A visitor from | Power Qua
Electrical
Jammu and Systems
Kashmir
ETAP Blog
ago
"POWER QUALITY
Simple Electronics
BASICS: VOLTAGE
Power Systems Loss
FLUCTUATIONS AN
Electrotechnik FLICKER
Real-time view Get| Feedjit
Power Qua
Circuit Diagram Voltage Sag Types - ABC Classification

Note: Before fault (dashed line) and during fault (solid line)
Share This..!
From the figure above, the following can be observed:

Voltage Sag Type A results to all three voltages down by the same amount.
Type B has the faulted phase voltage reduced.
Type C sag causes the two affected phase voltages to change along the imaginary axis only
(both in magnitude and angle).
For type D, the two affected phase voltages change in the real axis only with an
accompanying drop in magnitude in the remaining phase.
Type E results to reduced voltage magnitude in the two affected phases.
Type F is similar to Type D, except that the voltage change is along both real and imaginary
axes.
Voltage sag type G is similar to Type C but with the voltage change in both axes. In addition,
the remaining phase also experiences a decrease in voltage.

References:
Bollen, M. (2000). Understanding Power Quality Problems: Voltage Sags and Interruptions.
Leborgne, R. (2005). Voltage Sags Characterisation and Estimation

Ads by Google Voltage Drop Power Voltage System Voltage

Recommend this on Google

Labels: Power Quality

No comments:

Post a Comment

http://www.powerqualityworld.com/2011/04/voltage-sag-types-abc-classification.html 3/4
7/5/2017 VOLTAGE SAG TYPES - ABC CLASSIFICATION | Power Quality In Electrical Systems
Enter your comment...

Comment as: Select profile...

Publish Preview

Newer Post Home Older Post

Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)

PQWorld

About Me

yepyep

I am a Professional Electrical Engineer with a Masters Degree in Business Administration. My interest is in

Power Quality, Diagnostic Testing and Protective Relaying. I have been working in an electric distribution
utility for more than a decade. I handle PQ studies, power system analysis, diagnostic testing, protective
relaying and capital budgeting for company projects.
View my complete profile

DISCLAIMER: Some of the links, content directing to links, videos, images and other references are not owned and is not stored on the site. If you feel that we need to remove any of
those aforementioned elements, feel free to inform the administrator of the site.

Directories

Power Find the best blogs at Blogs.com. link directory

Simple theme. Powered by Blogger.

http://www.powerqualityworld.com/2011/04/voltage-sag-types-abc-classification.html 4/4