Syllabus (Chemistry 2017-2018)

1. Chemical Reactions and Equations

2. Acids, Bases and Salts
3. Metals and Non Metals
4. Carbon and its compounds
5. Periodic Classification of Elements
6. Our Environment

1. Chemical Reactions and Equations

TOPICS

1. Introduction
2. Chemical Reaction
3. Chemical equation
4. Balanced Chemical Equation
5. Types of Chemical Reaction
6. Corrosion
7. Rancidity

Changes can be classified into 2 types:-

1. Physical Changes
2. Chemical Changes
Chemical reaction is the process by which 2 or more substances
react with each other to form new substances with different
properties.

There are 4 factors to determine whether the chemical

reaction has taken place or not

a)Change in state

b)Change in color

c)Change in temperature

d)Evolution of gas

Chemical Equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical

reaction in the form of symbols and formulae, wherein the
reactant entities are given on the left hand side and the
product entities on the right hand side.

Magnesium +Oxygen Magnesium Oxide

( Reactant1) + (Reactant 2) Product

Here, the magnesium ribbon burns with a dazzling white

flame and changes into a white powder.
Balanced Chemical Equation occurs when the number of
atoms involved in the reactants side is equal to the number of
atoms in the product side.
1. Zn+ H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2

2. 3Fe(s)+ 4H2O(g)Fe3O4 (s) + 4 H2 (g)

Types of Chemical Reactions

1. Combination Reaction
2. Exothermic Reaction
3. Endothermic Reaction
4. Decomposition Reaction
5. Displacement Reaction
6. Double Displacement Reaction
7. Redox Reaction

Combination Reaction

A reaction in which a single product is formed from two or

more reactants is known as combination reaction.

CaO (s)+ H2O (L) Ca(OH)2 (aq)

Calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to produce slaked

lime(Calcium Hydroxide) releasing a large amount of heat.
A solution of slaked lime produced by the reaction is used for
white washing walls. Calcium Hydroxide reacts slowly with
the Carbon dioxide in air to form a thin layer of Calcium
Carbonate on the walls.

Calcium Carbonate is formed after 2 to 3 days of white

washing and gives a shiny finish to the walls.

The Chemical formulae for marble is CaCO3.

Ca(OH)2 (aq)+CO2 (g) CaCO3 (s)+ H2O (l)

The general formulae for Combination Reaction (A + B C)

Few Examples:-

(i) C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g)

(ii) S(s) + O2(g) SO2(g)
(iii) SO2 (s) + O2(g) SO3 (g)

(iv) N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

(v) 2Na(s) + O2(g) (limited) Na2O(s)

(vi) 2Na + O2 (excess) Na2O2 (s)

(vii) NH3 (g) + HCl (g) NH4Cl(s)

(viii) C3H6 (g) + Br2(l) C3H6Br2(l)

(ix) 2Mg(s) + O2(g) 2MgO(s)

Burning of Coal---- C(s) + O2 (g) CO 2 (aq)

Formation of water ---- H2 (g)+O2 (g) H2O(aq)

Burning of natural gas ----CH4(g)+O2(g)CO2 (g)+H2O (l)

Exothermic Reaction

An exothermic process releases heat and causes the

temperature of the immediate surroundings to rise. The
rice,potatoes and bread we eat contain carbohydrates . These
carbohydrates are broken down to form glucose. This glucose
combines with oxygen in the cells of our body to provide
energy.

This reaction is known as Respiration and it is an exothermic

reaction.

C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2 (aq) 6CO2 (aq) + 6H2O (l) + Energy

Burning of Natural gas and decomposition of vegetable

matter into compost are the examples of exothermic reactions.

Decomposition Reaction
Chemical Reactions
Mg + O2 MgO

Zn+ H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2

3Fe(s)+ 4H2O(g)Fe3O4 (s) + 4 H2 (g)

CO(g)+ 2H2 (g) -----340atm--------> CH3OH(l)

6CO2(aq) +6H2O(l) ----sunlight chlorophyll --------- > C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2