UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA DE QUINTANA ROO

INGENIERA EN BIOTECNOLOGA

ESSAY

LAURA OLAN CASTILLO

03 DE JULIO DEL 2017

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ASSISTED FERTILIZATION

Introduction

In the In Vitro Fertilization for a few years, In Vitro Fertilization with intracytoplasmic

microinjection, also known as ICSI (Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection), has been used in In

Vitro Fertilization for a number of years. Fertility of male origin. This technique consists in the

insemination of an ovum by the microinjection of a spermatozoon inside.

With ICSI only one spermatozoon per egg is required. The egg, once fertilized, becomes a pre-

embryo and the uterus is transferred to continue its development.

In vitro fertilization with own eggs and semen of the couple is a laboratory technique that

involves fertilizing the eggs, previously extracted, with the sperm of your partner.

In vitro fertilization with own eggs and bank semen is a laboratory technique that consists in

fertilizing the eggs, previously extracted, with the semen of an anonymous donor.

In vitro fertilization with donor eggs and semen from the partner is a laboratory technique that

involves fertilizing the eggs of a donor with the spermatozoa of your partner.

In vitro fertilization with donor eggs and semen is a laboratory technique that involves fertilizing

the eggs of a donor with the semen of a donor, both anonymous.

Development

Negative effects of lead on the male reproductive system and sperm fertility parameters have

been shown broadly. In recent years, use of medicinal herbs in reducing heavy metal toxicities

has increased worldwide. One of these herbals, wheat sprout, contains high amount of vitamins
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(especially vitamin E), antioxidants and phytoestrogen compounds. This study investigated the

effects of wheat sprout extract (WSE) and vitamin E on testicular oxidative stress in rats exposed

to lead acetate.

In this article talks about the oxidative stress that is an important aetiological factor which leads

to sperm DNA damage and infertility. It damages all biomolecules and both mitochondrial and

nuclear DNA and adversely affects sperm membrane fluidity and motility. This acts like a

biological safeguard however use of such sperm for ART/ICSI can lead to pre and post

implantation losses, major and minor congenital malformations and even childhood cancer. Thus

it is important to know the causes of oxidative stress and how the levels of free radicals be

maintained at physiological levels when they are beneficial for normal function. It is also

important to develop techniques to identity cases with high free radical levels and also adopt

certain life style measures which can minimise oxidative stress and improve male reproductive

health.

In this article according to Sriram Seshadri from Institute of Science, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Catspers are crucial for sperm functioning and its motility. This study brings forth the

differential expression of Catsper 1, 2 and 4, irrespective of the species. The expression is

studied in ejaculated human and mice testicular sperm with progression of age. Decreased

expression of Catsper 1 was found in both the study subjects. In contrast, Catsper 4 expression

decreased in human while Catsper 4 did not show any trend in mice. It can be concluded that the

Catsper 1 can be used as a marker for aging and male infertility.

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Calcium ions play an important role in almost every aspect of cell communication and sperm

function such as, maturation, motility, and acrosome reaction (AR) in many species. The voltage

gated ion channels are the key part in maintaining the intracellular level of calcium in sperm cell

Conclusion

I believe that thanks to all these studies it is possible to leave doubt with regard to the different

factors that alter male gametes and these in turn represent a problem for the man with desires to

conceive.

Bibliography

Kramer W(2015) Sperm or Egg Donors Who Wish to Remain Anonymous Just Shouldnt
Donate . Reprod Syst Sex Disord 4:151.doi:10.4172/2161-038X.1000151.

Dickey R and Ramasamy R(2015) Role of Male Factor Testing in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss or
In Vitro Fertilization Failure . Reprod Syst Sex Disord 4:e122. doi: 10.4172/2161-
038X.1000e122.

Seshadri S, Purandhar K, Pareek N (2016) Age-dependent Expression of Catspers in Human and

Mice Sperm. Andrology (Los Angel) 5:151. doi:10.4172/2167-0250.1000151.

Christofolini DM, Mafra FA, Neto RP, Barros RASdA, Santos AAd (2012) Correlation between
Chromosomal Variants and Male Infertility in a Population of Brazilian Infertile Men.
Reproductive Sys Sexual Disord 1:105. doi: 10.4172/2161-038X.1000105.

Wei S, Shi Z (2012) Resolutions for Infertility-Far from Being Resolved. Reprod Sys Sexual
Disorders 1:e104. doi:10.4172/2161-038X.1000e104.