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JV ENGLISH COLLEGE

INTRODUCTORY
TO THE

ENGLISH GRAMMAR
BOOK 1 FOR BEGINNERS

LEVEL I

SECOND EDITION

Edited by:

Professor Jos Vrtiz H.


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

Students name:

______________________________

Address:

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

Phone number:

______________________________

June 4, 2013

Cd. Jurez, Chihuahua. Mexico

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 2


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

TABLE OF CONTENTS LEVEL I

LESSON 1 GREETINGS, THE ABCS, NUMBERS, TIME, ETC. Page


1.1 The ABCs: Spelling words and phrases ------------------- 05
1.2 The regular numbers ------------------------------------------------ 07
1.3 Ordinate numbers ------------------------------------------------ 08
1.4 Greetings and meeting people ----------------------------- 11
1.5 Days, months, and years -------------------------------------- 15
1.6 The time --------------------------------------------------------- 16
1.7 My background ------------------------------------------------ 20

LESSON 2 VOCABULARY: COLORS, FAMILY, & MORE


2.1 The colors --------------------------------------------------------- 21
2.2 My family --------------------------------------------------------- 23
2.3 Fruit and vegetables ------------------------------------------------ 25
2.4 The food a meals ------------------------------------------------ 28
2.5 The animals ------------------------------------------------ 33
2.6 My body parts ------------------------------------------------ 37

LESSON 3 SINGULAR & PLURAL NOUNS


3.1 Common and proper nouns -------------------------------------- 40
3.2 Definite and indefinite articles: the, a, and an ---------- 42
3.3 A vs. an: the use of: a / an with final u / h ------------------- 44
3.4 Plural form endings: -s, -es -------------------------------------- 49
3.5 Irregular nouns ------------------------------------------------ 50
3.6 Error analysis ------------------------------------------------ 52

LESSON 4 THE VERB TO BE


4.1 The simple present tense of be: (am-is-are) ---------- 55
4.2 Negatives, questions and answers ----------------------------- 58
4.3 The use of the verb have -------------------------------------- 64
4.4 Negative and question with dont-doesnt- didnt ---------- 65
4.5 The use of be vs. have -------------------------------------- 67
4.6 The simple past tense of be: (Was-were) ------------------- 69
4.7 Negative, questions and answers ----------------------------- 71
4.8 The present and past progressive ------------------- 76
4.9 The future tense with be + going to + be ------------------- 81
4.10 Negatives, questions and answers ----------------------------- 83
4.11 The contracted form ------------------------------------------------ 89

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 3


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

LESSON 5 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS THIS & THAT Page


5.1 The use of this / that (singular) ----------------------------- 91
5.2 Negative, question, and aswers ----------------------------- 92
5.3 The use of these / those (plural) ----------------------------- 94
5.4 Negative, question, and aswers ----------------------------- 97
5.5 The past of this/these/that/those ----------------------------- 101
5.6 Negative, question, and aswers ----------------------------- 102

LESSON 6 THERE IS & THERE ARE


6.1 The use of There is and there are ----------------------------- 104
6.2 Negative, question, and aswers ----------------------------- 107
6.3 The past tense of There is and there are -------------------- 109
6.4 Negative, question, and aswers ----------------------------- 109

LESSON 7 NOUNS & ADJECTIVES


7.1 Using adjectives to describe nouns ----------------------------- 112
7.2 Using nouns as adjectives -------------------------------------- 117
7.3 More adjectives ------------------------------------------------ 121

REFERENCE PAGES
Vocavulary: At school ------------------------------------------------ 123
Vocavulary: At work ------------------------------------------------ 124
Vocavulary: At home ------------------------------------------------ 125
Sentence formulas of the verb to be ----------------------------- 127

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 4


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

Lesson 1
Greetings, ABCs, Numbers, & Vocabulary

1.1 SPELLING WORDS. THE ALPHABET EL ABECEDARIO

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
i bi ci di i ef Lli ich i lli ki el em en

O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
u pi qui ar es ti i vi dbliu eks guai zi

EXERCISE 1: SPELLING
Directions: Spell the words indicated bellow.
EJERCICIO 1: DELETREANDO
Direcciones: Deletrea las palabras indicadas en seguida.

Example: Please spell your first and last names. J-O-S-E V-E-R-T-I-Z H-E-R-N-A-N-D-E-Z
Ejemplo: Por favor deletrea tu nombre y apellidos.
1. Please spell your first name for me. _____________________________________________
Por favor deletreame tu primer nombre
2. Please spell your last name for me. _____________________________________________
Por favor deletreame tu apellido
3. Please spell your fathers first name. _____________________________________________
Por favor deletrea el nombre de tu pap (el primer nombre)
4. Please spell your mothers first name. _____________________________________________
Por favor deletrea el nombre de tu mam (el primer nombre)
5. Please spell the name of your sister (your sisters name). ________________________________
Por favor deletrea el nombre de tu hermana
6. Please spell the name of your brother (your brothers name). __________________________
Por favor deletrea el nombre de tu hermano
7. Please spell your teachers name. ____________________________________________
Por favor deletrea el nombre de profesor (marstro)
8. Please spell the name of the street where you live. ____________________________________
Por favor deletrea el nombre de la calle donde vives
9. Please spell the word: table. _________________________________________________
Por favor deletrea la palabra table
10. Please spell the word: work. _________________________________________________
Por favor deletrea la palabra work

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 5


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

11. Please spell the word lamp. ________________________________________________

12. Please spell the word: she. ________________________________________________

13. Please spell the word: they. ______________________________________________

14. Please spell the word: window. ______________________________________________

15. Please spell the word door. ______________________________________________

16. Please spell the word: house. ______________________________________________

17. Please spell the word: home. ______________________________________________

18. Please spell the word: supervisor. _____________________________________________

19. Please spell the word: bus. ______________________________________________

20. Please spell the word boss. ______________________________________________

21. Please spell the word: black. ______________________________________________

22. Please spell the word: blue. ______________________________________________

23. Please spell the word luck. ______________________________________________

24. Please spell the word: lesson. ______________________________________________

25. Please spell the word: want. ______________________________________________

26. Please spell the word: word ______________________________________________

27. Please spell the word: chapter. ______________________________________________

28. Please spell the word: file. ______________________________________________

29. Please spell the word: woman. ______________________________________________

30. Please spell the word: man. ______________________________________________

31. Please spell the word: women. ______________________________________________

32. Please spell the word: company. ______________________________________________

33. Please spell the word: lead. ______________________________________________

34. Please spell the word wonderful. ______________________________________________

35. Please spell the word: chair. ______________________________________________

36. Please spell the word: go. ______________________________________________

37. Please spell the word: play. ______________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 6


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

1.2 REGULAR NUMBERS NUMEROS REGULARES

Number Written Sound Number Written Sound


0 zero zirrou
1 one uan wan 101 one hundred and one uan-wan jandred end uan.
2 two tchu 102 one hundred and two uan jandred end tchu.
3 three dtri 103 one hundred and three uan jandred end tdri.
4 four for 104 one hundred and four uan jandred end for.
5 five faiv 105 one hundred and five uan jandred end faiv.
6 six sics 110 one hundred and ten uan jandred end ten.
7 seven seven 115 one hundred and fifteen uan jandred end fiftin.
8 eight eight 120 one hundred and twenty uan jandred end tuenty.
9 nine nain 130 one hundred and thirty uan jandred end tdirty-tdori.
10 ten ten 170 one hundred and seventy una jandred end seventy
11 eleven ileven 200 two hundred tchu jandred
12 twelve tuelv 250 two hundred and fifty tchu jandred end fifty.
13 thirteen dtertin 300 three hundred tdri jandred
14 fourteen fourtin 400 four hundred for jandred
15 fifteen fiftin 500 five hundred faiv jandred
16 sixteen sikstin 600 six hundred siks jandred
17 seventeen seventin 700 seven hundred seven jandred
18 eighteen eigtin 800 eight hundred eight jandred
19 nineteen naintin 900 nine hundred nain jandred
20 twenty tuenti-tueni 1,000 one thousand uan tdaosend
21 twenty one tuenti uan 2,000 two thousand tchu tdaosend
22 twenty two tuenti tchu 3,000 three thousand tdri tdaosend
23 twenty three tuenti tdri 4,000 four thousand for tdaosend
24 twenty four tuenti for 5,000 five thousand faiv tdaosend
25 twenty five tuenti faiv 6,000 six thousand siks tdaosend
26 twenty six tuenti six 7,000 seven thousand seven tdaosend
27 twenty seven tuenti seven 8,000 eight thousand eight tdaosend
28 twenty eight tuenti eight 9,000 nine thousand nain tdaosend
29 twenty nine tuenti nain 10,000 ten thousand ten tdaosend
30 thirty dtorti-tori 20,000 twenty thousand tuenti tdaosend
40 forty forti-fori 30,000 thirty thousand tdirty daosend
50 fifty fifti 40,000 forty thousand forty tdaosend
60 sixty siksti 50,000 fifty thousand fifty tdousend
70 seventy seventi 60,000 sixty thousand sixti tdaosend
80 eighty eigti-eiri 70,000 seventy thousand seventi tdaaosend
90 ninety nainti-nairi 80,000 eighty thousand eighty tdaosend
100 one hundred uan jandred 90,000 ninety thousand nainty-nairi tdaosend

100,000 One hundred thousand guan / uan jandred tdaosend.


1,000,000 One million guan / uan milian.
1,000,000,000 One billion guan / uan bilian.
1,000,000,000,000 One trillion guan / uan trilian

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 7


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

1.3 ORDINATE NUMBERS NUMEROS ORDENADOS

Number Write Sound Spanish


1st first ferst primero
2nd second sequend segundo
3rd third dterd tercero
4th fourth fortd cuarto
5th fifth fiftd quinto
6th sixth sixtd sexto
7th seventh seventd sptimo
8th eight eightd octavo
9th ninth naintd noveno
10th tenth tentd dcimo
11th eleventh ileventd onceavo
12th twelfth tuelftd doceavo
13th thirteenth tdirtintd treceavo
14th fourteenth fourtintd catorceavo
15th fifteenth fiftintd quinceavo
16th sixteenth sixtintd dcimo sexto
17th seventeenth seventintd dcimo sptimo
18th eighteenth eightintd dcimo octavo
19th nineteenth naintintd dcimo noveno
20th twentieth tuentietd vigsimo vetivo
21st twenty-first tuenti ferst vigsimo primero
22nd twenty-second tuenti sequend vigsimo segndo
23rd twenty-third tuenti tdirtd vigsimo tercero
24th twenty-fourth tuenti fourtd vigsimo cuarto
25th twenty-fifth tuenti fiftd vigsimo quinto
26th twenty-sixth tuenty sixtd vigsimo sexto
27th twenty-seventh tuenty seventd vigsimo sptimo
28th twenty-eighth tuenty eightd vigsimo octavo
29th twenty-ninth tuenty naintd vigsimo novena
30th thirtieth tdirtietd treintavo trigsimo
40th fortieth fortietd cuadragsimo
50th fiftieth fiftietd quincuagsimo
60th sixtieth sicstietd sextagsimo
70th seventieth seventietd septuagsimo
80th eightieth eightietd octagsimo
90th ninetieth nairieitd nonagsimo
100th one hundredth uan jandredtdz censuagsimo
101st one hundred first uan jandred ferst centuagsimo primero
102nd one hundred second uan jandred sekend
103rd one hundred third uan jandred tdertd
104th one hundred fourth uan jandred fortd
120th one hundred twentieth uan jandred tuentietd
1,000th one thousandth uan tdaosendtd
10,000th ten thousandth ten tdaosendtd

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 8


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 3: THE NUMBERS.


Directions: Write on the lines the numbers in English.
EJERCICIO 3: LOS NUMEROS.
Direcciones: Escribe sobre las lneas el nmero en Ingls.

__________seven__________ _________________________ _________________________


7 9 15

_________________________ _________________________ _________________________


2 14 3rd

_________________________ _________________________ _________________________


11 1 6

_________________________ _________________________ _________________________


19th 8 12

_________________________ _________________________ _________________________


22nd 24 29

_________________________ _________________________ _________________________


25 21st 27

_________________________ _________________________ _________________________


33rd 41st 55th

_________________________ _________________________ _________________________


52 58 69

_________________________ _________________________ _________________________


81 85 82

_________________________ _________________________ _________________________


90 74 99

Next there is a clue to read and write big numbers correctly lake next. The words and are optional.
En seguida hay una clave (ayuda) para leer y escribir nmeros grandes correctamente. Las palabras and son opcionales.

254,971,363,194,358
hundred and hundred and hundred and hundred and hundred and

2 5 4, 9 7 1, 3 6 3, 1 9 4, 3 5 8
trillion billion million thousand

Reading: Two hundred and fifty four trillion, nine hundred and seventy one billion, three hundred
and sixty three million, one hundred and ninety four thousand, three hundred and fifty eight.
Lectura: Docientos cincuenta y cuatro trillones, novecientos setenta y un billones, trecientos sesenta y tres millones,
ciento noventa cuatro mil, tres cientos cincuenta y ocho.

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 9


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

________________________________________________________________________________
100

________________________________________________________________________________
105

________________________________________________________________________________
175

________________________________________________________________________________
249

________________________________________________________________________________
448

________________________________________________________________________________
637

________________________________________________________________________________
2,473

________________________________________________________________________________
9,795

________________________________________________________________________________
29,990

________________________________________________________________________________
51,924

________________________________________________________________________________
158,471

________________________________________________________________________________
278,451

________________________________________________________________________________
89,359,486

________________________________________________________________________________
415,159,474
________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________
56,972,004,069
________________________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 10


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

1.4 GREETINGS and MEETING PEOPLE SALUDOS Y CONOCIENDO GENTE

We talk to people everyday, so its very important to know how to say hello to somebody and start a
conversation.
Todos los das, hablamos con gente. As es que, es muy importante saber cmo decir "Hola" a alguien y empezar una
conversacin.

VOCABULARY VOCABULARIO
Good morning/good afternoon Buenos das/buenas tardes
Good evening/good night Buenos noches/buenos noches al despedirse
Hi, Hello, Hi there? Hola, cmo ests?
How are you? Cmo ests? Como te va?
How do you do? Cmo ests? Como te va?
How are you today? Como ests hoy?
How are you this morning? Cmo ests esta maana?
How are you this afternoon? Cmo ests esta tarde?
Im fine thank you. And you? Estoy bien gracias. Y t?
Im fine too. Thank you. Estoy bien tambin. Gracias.
My name is Joe. Its nice to meet you. Mi nombre es Joe. Gusto en conocerte.
My name is Susan. Its nice to meet you too. Mi nombre es Susan. Gusto en conocerte tambien.
Whats up? Hola, que pasa? Que pas? Que onda?
Whats up man? Qu pasa compa? Qu onda compa?
Whats up guy/guys? Qu onda chavo/chavos?
Let me introduce myself Permtame presentarme
My name is Joe. Mi nombre es Joe (Pepe / Jos)
Its nice to meet you. Nice to meet you. Gusto en conocerte
Where are you from? De dnde eres?
Im from Mexico City. What about you? Soy de la ciudad de Mxico. (Soy de Mxico, D.F.)
Y t? Y que de ti? Y que en tu caso?
Where do you live? Donde vives?
Where are you living? Donde estas viviendo? Donde vives?
What are you doing? Qu ests haciendo?
Im working. Im studying. Im eating. Estoy trabajando, estudiando, comiendo
Where are you going? A dnde vas?
Im going to work. Im going to my English class. Voy a trabajar. Voy a mi clase de Ingls.
What are you up to? Que haces? En que andas? Que estas por hacer?
Im going to the cafetera. Im going to eat. Voy a la cafetera. Voy a comer.
Im going to my place. Im going to my office. Voy a mi lugar. Voy a mi oficina.
My family and I are going to the movie. Mi familia y yo vamos a ir al cine.
Im going to my house. Im going home. Voy a mi casa. Voy a casa.
Whats the meaning of (chair) in Spanish? Cul es el significado de (chair) en Espaol?
Whats the meaning of (silla) in English? Cul es el significado de (silla) en Ingls?
How do you say (table) in Spanish? Como se dice (table) en Espaol?
How do you say (mesa) in English? Como se dice (mesa) en Ingls?
How do you Spell the Word ( . . . )? Como deletreas/escribes la palabra ( . . . )?
How do you pronounce the word T-I-E? Como se pronuncia la palabra (T-I-E)?
How do you say the word T-I-E Como se dice (se pronuncia) la palabra (T-I-E)?

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 11


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 2: GREETINGS.
Directions: Pair up with a classmate and practice some words and phrases from the previous
vocabulary.
EJERCICIO 2: SALUDOS.
Direcciones: Juntate con uno de tus compaeros de clase y practica algunas palabras y frases del vocabulario anterior.

A: Good morning. Good afternoon. Good evening.


Spanish: Buenos das. Buenas.tardes. Buenas noches.
B: Hi there? How do you do? How are you? How are you doing?
Spanish: Cmo ests? Que tal? Hola!
A: How are you today? How are you this morning / this afternoon?
Spanish: Cmo ests hoy? Cmo ests esta maana/esta tarde?
B: Im fine. Thank you. And you? Spanish: Estoy bien, gracias. Y t?
A: Im okay thanks. And yourself? Spanish: Estoy bien, gracias. Y t?
B: Im fine. How about you? How about yourself? Spanish: Estoy bien, gracias. Y t?
B: Its nice to see you. Its good to see you. Spanish: Gusto en verte
A: Its good/nice to see you too. Spanish: Gusto en verte tambin.

INTRODUCING YOURSELF PRESENTANDOTE TU MISMO CON OTROS

A: Hello, my name is Joe. Its nice to meet you.


Spanish: Hola, mi nombre es Joe. Gusto en conocerte.
B: Hi. My name is Susan. Its nice to meet you too.
Spanish: Hola. Mi nombre es Susan. Gusto en conocerte tambin.
A: Where are you from Susan?
Spanish: De dnde eres Susan?

B: Im from Guanajuato. How about you Joe? Where are you from?
Spanish: Soy de Guanajuato. Y t Joe? De dnde eres?
A: Im from Mexico, City.
Spanish: Yo soy de Mxico, D.F.
B: Well, see you later Joe. Nice meeting you.
Spanish: Bueno, nos vemos Joe. Gusto en conocerte.
A: My pleasure Susan. See you.
Spanish: Fu un placer Susan. Hasta luego.

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 12


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

MORE VOCABULARY MAS VOCABULARIO

Whats the meaning of office in Spanish? Whats the meaning of oficina in English?
Spanish: Cul es el significado de Office en Ingls?

How do you say felz in English? How do you pronounce the word felz in English?
Spanish: Cmo se dice felz en Ingls? Cmo se pronuncia la palabras felz en Ingls?

How do you spell the word window?


Spanish: Cmo se deletrea la palabra window?

Is this correct? Is this right? Yes, it is. No, its not.


Spanish: Est bien esto? S est bien. No, no est bien.

Am I correct? (em i correct?) Am I right? (em i ruit?) Spanish: Estoy en lo correcto / bien?

Yes, you are. No, youre not. Spanish: Estoy bien? Estoy bien? S, lo ests. No, no ests bien.

I dont understand. (ai dont anderstend) Spanish: No entiendo.

I didnt understand. (ai ddent anderstend) Spanish: No Entend.

A: () Can you help me? Would you help me please? Could you help me please?
Spanish: (Sofia), puedes ayudarme? Podras ayudarme por favor? Podras ayudarme por favor?

B: Yes, I would. Sure, I can. Yes, I could. Okay. What do you need?
Spanish: S podra. Seguro. S podra. Est bien. Qu necesitas?

A: I need to know the meaning of the word in Spanish / English.


Spanish: Necesito saber el significado de la palabra en Espaol / Ingls.

B: I dont know that word, but let me ask someone else (somebody else). ( ,,, ) Could you help us?
Spanish: No conozco esa palabra, pero dejame preguntarle a alguien ms.
(Karen), puedes ayudarnos?

C: Sorry. I dont know the meaning either. Let me ask our teacher.
Spanish: Lo siento, yo no s el significado tampoco. Dejenme preguntarle a nuestro professor.

C: Teacher, would you help us please?


Spanish: Profesor, prodra ayudarnos por favor?

Teacher: Sure, I would. What do you want to know? What do you need? What do you need to know?
Spanish: Seguro que s. Qu quieren saber? Qu necesitan? Qu necesitan saber?

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 13


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

MORE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS MAS PREGUNTAS Y RESPUESTAS

A: Whats your name? Cmo te llamas? Cul es tu nombre?

B: My name is Pedro. Mi nombre es Pedro. Me llamo Pedro.

A: Where do you live? Where are you living? Dnde vives?

B: I live in Praderas del Sur. Vivo en Praderas del Sur.

A: How old are you? Cuntos aos tienes? Qu edad tienes?

B: I am 25-years old. Tengo 25 aos de edad.

A: What are you doing? Que ests haciendo?

B: Im working. Im studying. Im making a report. Im reading. Im thinking.

Spanish: Estoy trabajando. Estoy estudiando. Estoy hacienda un report. Estoy leyendo. Estoy
pensando.

A: Where are you going? A dnde vas?

B: Im going to work. Im going to my English class. Im going to eat. Im going to lunch.


Im going to the cafeteria. How about you?

Spanish: Voy al trabajo (a trabajar). Voy a mi clase de Ingls. Voy a comer. Voy a la cafeteria. Y t?

A: At what time is your class? At what time do you eat?

Spanish: A qu hora es tu clase? A qu hora comes?

B: At 12.30. My class is at 12:30 a.m. My luch time is at 1:45 in the afternoon.

Spanish: A las 12:30. Mi clase es a las 12:30 de la tarde. Mi hora de comida es a la 1:45 de la tarde.

A: You have a good day / You have a nice day.

Spanish: Que tengas un buen da. Que tengas un bonito da.

B: Thank you. You too / Same to you / Likewise.

Spanish: Gracias. T tambin. Lo mismo para t. Igualmente.

A: See you later. See you around. See you soon. See you tomorrow. See you next class / next week.

Spanish: Hasta luego. Nos vemos. Te veo pronto. Nos vemos maana. Nos vemos la prxima clase.

B: Okay, see you. Dont work too hard. Muy bien, nos vemos. No trabajes demasiado.

A: I wont. You dont do it either, bye. No lo hare. T no lo hagas tampoco, adis.

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 14


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

1.5 THE DAYS, MONTHS, AND YEARS LOS DIAS DE LA SEMANA

Days Sound Spanish Days Sound Spanish


Sunday Sndei Domingo Thursday Dtrsdei Jueves
Monday Mndei Lunes Friday Fridei Viernes
Tuesday Tisdei Martes Saturday Sterdei Sbado
Wednesday Wdnsdei Mircoles

THE MONTHS OF THE YEAR LOS MESES DEL AO

Months Sound Spanish Months Sound Spanish


January Llanuri Enero July LLuli Julio
February Februri Febrero August A-Oguest Agosto
March March Marzo September September Septiembre
April Eiprol Abril October October Octubre
May Mi Mayo November November Noviembre
June Llun Junio December Dicember Diciembre

EXERCISE 4: THE DAYS, MONTHS, AND YEARS


Directions: Write the answer after each question.
EJERCICIO 4: LOS DIAS, MESES Y AOS
Direcciones: Escriba la respuesta despus de cada pregunta.

1. What day is today? ______Today is Tuesday.____________________________


Qu dia es hoy? Hoy es Martes.

2. What day was yesterday? ______Yesterday was ..._______________________


Qu dia fu ayer? Ayer fu Lunes.

3. What day will be tomorrow? ______Tomorrow will be ____________________________


Qu dia va a ser maana? Maana va a ser Mircoles.

4. What date is today? _________________________________________________


Qu fecha es hoy? Hoy estamos a

5. In what year are we? _________________________________________________


En qu ao estanos? Estamos en el ao

6. What days of the week do you work? ___________________________________________

7. What days of the week are you off? ___________________________________________

8. In which month is the Mxico Independence? What day? ______________________________

9. In which month is Christmas? What day? ___________________________________________

10. When is your birthday? _______________________________________________________

11. When is your fathers birthday? _________________________________________________

12. When is your mothers birthday? _________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 15


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

1.6 THE TIME EL TIEMPO

English Sound Spanish English Sound Spanish


One second guan skend Un Segundo One year guan yir Un ao
One minute guan mnet Un minuto A quarter Ei curter Un cuarto de ao
One hour guan uer Una hora One semester guan semster Un semester
One day guan di Un da One decade guan dekid Una dcada
One week guan wik Una semana One century guan cnchuri Un siglo
One month guan mantd Un mes One millennium guan milnium Un milenio

EXERCISE 5: THE TIME


Directions: Write the answer after each question.
EJERCICIO 5: EL TIEMPO
Direcciones: Escriba la respuesta despus de cada pregunta.

1. How many seconds are there in a minute? There are sixty seconds in a (one)minute.
Cuntos segundos hay en un minuto? Hay sesenta segundos en un minuto
2. How many minutes are there in an hour? There are sixty minutes in an (one)hour.
Cuntos minutos hay en una hora? Hay sesenta minutos en una hora
3. How many hours are there in a day? _____________________________________
Cuntas horas hay en un da? Hay venticuatro horas en un da
4. How many days are there in a week? _____________________________________

5. How many days are there in a month? _____________________________________

6. How many months are there in a year? _____________________________________

7. How many weeks are there in a year? _____________________________________

8. How many years are there in a century? _____________________________________

9. How many years are there in a decade? _____________________________________

10. How many hours are there in five days? _____________________________________

11. How many weeks are there in four months? _____________________________________

12. How many seconds are there in two hours? _____________________________________

13. How many months are there in a quarter of a year? ___________________________________

14. How many months are there in one semester? _____________________________________

15. How many weeks are there in one semester? _____________________________________

16. How many semesters are there in two years? _____________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 16


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

Another expression of time is when you want to know the hour and minutes on a clock.
Otra expresin del tiempo es cuando quieres saber la hora.
For example: You can ask for the time this way:
What time is it? Or, what time is it right now? Or, what time do you have in your watch?
Por ejemplo: Tu puedes preguntar la hora de este modo:
Qu hora es? O, Qu hora es en este momento? O, Qu hora tienes en tu reloj?

What time is it on the clock number? Qu hora es en el reloj nmero?

FIRST CLOCK: SECOND CLOCK: THIRD CLOCK:

Its six fifty two Its one twenty five Its six oclock
Its eight before seven Its twenty five after one
Its eight minutes 'til seven Its twenty-five minutes after one
Its eight to seven Its twenty-five minutes past one

EXERCISE 6: THE TIME


Directions: Write the time on the lines under each clock.
EJERCICIO 6: EL TIEMPO
Direcciones: Escribe la hora en las lneas debajo de cada reloj.

1. What time is it? 2. What time is it? 3. What time is it? 4. What time is it?
Its ____________ Its ____________ Its ____________ Its ____________

5. What time is it? 6. What time is it? 7. What time is it? 8. What time is it?
Its ____________ Its ____________ Its ____________ Its ____________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 17


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

9. What time is it? 10. What time is it? 11. What time is it? 12. What time is it?

Its ____________ Its ____________ Its ____________ Its ____________

13. What time is it? 14. What time is it? 15. What time is it? 16. What time is it?

Its ____________ Its ____________ Its ____________ Its ____________

17. What time is it? 18. What time is it? 19. What time is it? 20. What time is it?

Its ____________ Its ____________ Its ____________ Its ____________

21. What time is it? 22. What time is it? 23. What time is it? 24. What time is it?

Its ____________ Its ____________ Its ____________ Its ____________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 18


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 7: THE TIME


Directions: Write the number from the parentheses in the blanks, but in words form, not in
numeric form. Translate the sentences tu Spanish.
EJERCICIO 7: LA HORA
Direcciones: Escribe el nmero que aparece en los parntesis en los espacios pero en forma de palabra, no en
forma de nmero. Traduce los enunciados al Espaol.

1. A: What time do you eat breakfast?

B: I eat breakfast at (7:30) _________________________ in the morning.

2. A: I go to lunch at (11:30) _________________________. What about you?

B: I eat lunch at (12:45) _________________________ in the afternoon.

3. The post office opens at (9:00) ___________________ and closes at (5:00) ___________________

4. A: At what time does your English class begin?

B: My English class starts at (2:00) _________________________

5. Carlos: Maria, at what time do you go to bed at night?

Maria: I go to bed at (11:30) _________________________ at night.

Carlos: How about you Joe, at what time do you go to bed?

Joe: I go to bed at (10:30) _________________________

Carlos: And you Mercy, at what time do you go to bed?

Mercy: I go to bed at (11:00) _________________________, but I fall to sleep at (2 or 3 P.M.)

_________________________________ in the morning.

6. Aurrera store opens at (8 A.M.) ______________________ and closes at (10) ______________ P.M.

7. A: What time do you wake up, and get up to get ready for work every day?

B: I wake up at (5 A.M.) _________________________ and I get up at (5:15) ________________

and then I take a shower at (5:20) _________________________ and I take the bus at (5:55)

_________________________.

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 19


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

1.8 MY BACKGROUND

EXERCISE 8: MY BACKGROUND.
Directions: Write on the lines some information about you and introduce yourself to the class.
EJERCICIO 8: MI EDUCACION Y EXPERIENCIA.
Direcciones: Escribe en las lineas algo de informacin acerca de ti; y presntate con el grupo.

Hello, my name is _________________________________________________________________


Your name

Im ___________ years old. Im from _________________________________________________


Number City/State

I work for ________________________________________________________________________


Company

In the _________________________________, as _______________________________________


Department Position

I have been working for this company since _____________________________________________


Month and year

Circle the statement that applies.

Im married Im single Im divorced

I have ________ kid(s) ________ boy(s) and ________ girl(s)

I moved to this city in ________________________ (if applies)


Month/Year

Right now Im living in ____________________________________________________________


Address

I graduated from _________________________________________________________________


Career/School

At present, Im attending ___________________________________________________________


School/Course

END OF LESSON 1

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 20


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

Lesson 2
Vocabulary: Colors, Family, Food, Etc.
2.1 THE COLORS LOS COLORES
English Sound Spanish English Sound Spanish
Beige beich color crema Maroon marrn guinda (o)
Black black negro Orange ranch naranja
Blackish blackish negriso/negroso Light orange lit ranch naranja claro
Blue blu azul Dark orange dark ranch naranja obscuro
Blueish bluish azulado Pink pink rosa
Dark. blue dark blu azul obscuro Light pink lit pink rosa claro
Lightt blue lait blu azul claro Dark pink dark pink rosa obscuro
Brown braon caf Red red rojo
Brownish braonish cafetoso Redish rdish rojiso
Dark brown dark braon caf obscuro Light red lit red rojo claro
Light brown lait braon caf claro Dark red dark red rojo obscuro
Gray gri gris Pearl perol perla
Grayish grish grisseo Purple parpol morado, prpura
Dark gray dark grei gris obscuro Silver silver plata
Lightt gray lait grei gris claro Tan ten bronceado
Green grin verde Turquoise to/ercois turquesa
Greenish grnish verdoso Violet vaiolet violeta
Dark green dark grin verde obscuro Yellow ilou amarillo
Lightt green lait grin verde claro Yellowish ilouish amarrillento
Gold gold oro Golden golden dorado
Brass/bronze bras/branz bronce White juit blanco
Copper cper cobre

EXERCISE 1: VOCABULARY.
Directions: Write on the lines the translation to Spanish or English whatever the case is.
EJERCICIO 1: VOCABULARIO.
Direcciones: Escribe en las lineas la traduccin al Ingls o Espaol, cualquera que sea el caso.
________Blue___________ __________Rojo____________ _________________________
Azul red black
____________________ ______________________ _____________________
Yellow caf pearl
____________________ ______________________ _____________________
verde plateado naranja
____________________ ______________________ _____________________
bronce oro crema

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 21


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 2: THE COLORS.


Directions: Translate the words in parentheses and write them on the lines and translate the
whole sentences to Spanish.
EJERCICIO 2: LOS COLORES.
Direcciones: Traduce las palabras en parntesis y escrbelas en las lineas y traduce los enunciados completes al
Espaol.

1. Sergio, please paint the wall (azul) _______________________.

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

2. My house is painted (amarrillo) _________________________.

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

3. (Rojo) ______________________ is my favorite color.

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

4. Javier, I told you to buy (rojas) _______________ roses, not (amarillas) _________________.

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

5. Mix the paint with the colors (Negro, amarrillo y verde) ______________________________.

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

6. I want my desk (caf) _______________________________.

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

7. The patient is not breathing; hes turning (morado) ____________________________.

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

8. My suitcase is (verde) __________________, but I want a (negro) _________________ one.

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

9. The sky is totally (azul) __________________, but at night, it is (negro) _________________

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

10. Juans car is (rojo) __________________, but mine is (blanco) _________________

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 22


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

2.2 THE FAMILY LA FAMILIA

English Sound Spanish English Sound Spanish


Father fatder padre mother matder madre
Dad ded pap mom mam mama
Daddy deri papito, papasito mommy mami mamita, mamacita
Son san hijo daughter dter/drer hija
Brother brotder hermano sister sister hermana
Grandfather grandfatder abuelo grandmother grandmatder abuela
Grandson grandsan nieto granddaughter grandogter nieta
Great-grandfather greit bisabuelo great-grandmother greit bisabuela
Uncle ancol to Godfather gadfatder padrino
Aunt aont ta Godmother gadmatder madrina
Niece nis sobrina Goddaughter gaddogter ahijada
Nephew nefiu sobrino Godson gadsan ahijado
Father-in-law fatder in lo suegro stepfather stepfatder padrastro
Mother-in-law matder in lo suegra stepmother stepmatder madrastra
Brother-in-law brotder in lo cuado stepbrother stepbrotder hermanastro
Sister-in-law sister in lo cuada stepsister stepsister hermanastra
Son-in-law san in lo hierno stepson stepsan hijastro
Daughter-in-law dogter in lo nuera stepdaughter stepdorer hijastra
Cousin ca/osin primo (a) husband jasbend esposo
Spouse spaos cnyuge wife uaif esposa
Mr. Mister mister seor Mrs. misis seora
Maam mem seora (con respeto) Miss mis seorita
Sir ser seor (con respeto) Ms mis seorita / seito

EXERCISE 3: VOCABULARY.
Directions: Write on the lines the translation to Spanish or English whatever the case is.
EJERCICIO 3: VOCABULARIO.
Direcciones: Escriba en las lineas la traduccin al Ingls o Espaol, cualquiera que sea el caso.

_________To______________ __________________________ _________________________


uncle sister hermano

______________________ ______________________ _____________________


abuela suegra stepson

______________________ ______________________ _____________________


prima Godfather cuada

______________________ ______________________ _____________________


Pap Mom ta

______________________ ______________________ _____________________


stepbrother grandaughter sobrina

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 23


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 4: THE FAMILY.


Directions: Translate the words in parentheses and write them on the lines and translate the
whole sentences to Spanish.
EJERCICIO 4: LA FAMILIA.
Direcciones: Traduce las palabras en parntesis y escrbelas en las lineas y traduce los enunciados completes al
Espaol.

1. My _______________________________ (cuado) went to the circus with his family.

Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________

2. Felipes (to) _____________________ brought a new motorcycle today.

Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________

3. After I marry Sylvia, her mother became my (suegra) ____________________________.

Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________

4. Tell your (prima) ______________________ to come over to the party tonight.

Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________

5. I was baptized in the Catholic Church, so now I have (un padrino y una madrina)

________________________________________________.

Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________

6. The son of my (padrastro) ________________ is my (hermanastro) ____________________.

Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________

7. My (hija) _______________________ goes to College.

Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________

8. Yesterday, I told my (sobrina) _________________ to come to visit us this Sunday.

Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________

9. Your (cuada) _______________________ goes to the park in the evening.

Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________

10. My wifes (Pap) _______________________ works at the power company.

Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 24


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

2.3 FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

FRUTAS Y VERDURAS

Fruit Sound Spanish Fruit Sound Spanish


Apple apol manzana Apricot eiprocat chabacano
Avocado avocado aguacate Banana banana pltano
Beans bins frijles Bread bred pan
Broccoli broccoli brccoli Cabbage cabech repollo
Cantaloupe canteloup meln Carrot kerret zanohoria
Cauliflower coliflauer coliflor Cherry cherri ceresa
Celery celery apio Clove clov clavo
Coconut coconat coco Coriander coriander cilantro
Corn corn elote Cucumber kiucumber pepino
Fig fig higo Fig tree fig tri higuera
Garlic garlic ajo Granada granara granada
Grape greip uva Grapefruit greipfrut toronja
Green pepper grin peper pimiento verde Guava guava guayava
Honeydew janidu meln verde Kiwi kiwi kiwi
Lettuce leras lechuga Lemon lemen limn
Lime laim lima Mandarin mandarin mandarina
Mango mangou mango Mushrooms mashrums championes
Nut nat nuez Onion onion cebolla
Orange oranch naranja Papaya papaya papaya
Peach pich durazno Peanuts pinats cacahuates
Pear per pera Peper peper pimienta
Potatoes poteiros papas Pineapple painpol pia
Pumpkin pamkin calabaza grande Plum plam ciruela
Purple onion parpol onion cebolla morada Radish radish rbano
Raisins reisins pasitas Red pepper red peper pimiento rojo
Rice rais arroz Salt solt sal
Spinach spenech espinacas Squash scuash calabaza
Strawberry stroberi fresa Tomatoes tomeiros tomates
Turnip ternip nabo Yellow onion ielou onion cebolla amarilla
Yellow pepper ilou peper piminento amarillo Watermelon warermlon sanda
Walnut uolnat nuez

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 25


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 5: FRUITS AND VEGETABLE.


Directions: Match with a line, the name of the fruit or vegetable with the picture.
EJERCICIO 5: FRUTAS Y VERDURAS.
Direcciones: Une con una lnea, el nombre de la fruta o verdura con el dibujo.

1. A banana

A
2. An onion

B
3. A corn

C
4. A watermelon

D
5. Pineapple

E
6. Bread and tomatoes

F
7. A couple of cherries

G
8. Apricot

H
9. A hamburger and an apple

I
10. A peach

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 26


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

11. Tomatoes.

K
12. A pear.

L
13. Grapefruit.

M
14. A lemon.

N
15. A carrot.

O
16. A banana, a pear, and an apple.

P
17. Grapes.

Q
18. Green and red peppers.

R
19. Peanuts.

S
20. Mushrooms

Total correct answers: _____________ Score: ________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 27


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

2.4 MEALS AND DRINKS COMIDAS Y BEBIDAS

Food Sound Spanish


American cheese American chis queso Americano (Amarillo)
Bar B-Q chicken barbikiu chicken pollo a la parrilla con salsa Bar B-Q
Bar B-Q steak barbikiu steik carne asada en la parrilla con
Bar B-Q ribs barbikiu ribs costillas a la parrilla con
Beef bif carne de res
Brisket brisket carne de res
Bioled eggs biold eggs huevos hervidos
Bologna boloni mortadela
Burrito burrito burrito
Cake keik pastel
Cheese chis queso
Cheesecake chiskeik pastel de queso
Cheesy bread chisi bred pan con queso
Chili with cheese chili wid chis chile con queso
Chinese food chainis fud comida china
Chipotle chili chipotle chili chile chipotle
Chorizo chorizo chorizo
Cocktail cakteol coctel
Cooked ham cuct jem jamn cocido
Cool-aid culeid bebida de sabor
Corn chips corn chips trozos de tortilla frita en bolsa
Corn tortilla corn tortilla tortilla de maz
Cream crim crema
Cup of coffee cap ov cofi tasa de caf
Cup of tea cap ov ti taza de t
Eggs egs huevos
Enchiladas enchiladas enchiladas
Fish fish carne de pescado
Flour tortilla flaor tortilla tortilla de harina
French-fries French frais papas fritas
Fried chicken fraid chicken pollo frito
Fried eggs fraid eggs huevos fritos
Fried potatoes fraid poteiros papas fritas
Grilled chicken griol chicken pollo a la parrilla
Grilled fish griol fish pescado a la parrilla
Ham je/am jamn
Ham & eggs jemendegs huevos con jamn
Hamburger jamberguer hamburguesa
Hot cakes jatkeiks pastel caliente
Ice cream aiscrim varquillo de nieve
Italian food italian fud comida italiana
Lemonade lemeneid limonada
Lobster lobster langosta
Meatloaf mitlof pastel de carne
Orange juice oranch llus jugo de naranja

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 28


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

Over easy eggs over isi egs huevos estrellados


Pancakes penkeiks pastel caliente (hot cakes)
Pickles pikols pepinillos en vinagre
Pizza pitza pizza/pay
Popsicle ppcicol paleta de hielo
Popcorns papcorns palomitas de maz
Pork pork carne de puerco
Pork skin pork skin chicharrn
Pork skin in vinegar porkskin in venagar-er cueritos en vinagre
Pigskin stew pigskin stu guisado de chicharrn
Potato chips poteiro chips trozos de papas fritas en bolsa
Poultry poultry carne de ave (pollo, pavo, etc.)
Red wine red uain vino rojo
Roast beef roustbif Carne rostizada (en horno)
Sliced jalapeo peppers slaisd jalapeo peper rajas de chile jalapeo
Sandwich sandwich emparedado
Sauce sos salsa
Sausage sosech salchicha condimentada
Scrambled eggs scrembol eggs huevos revueltos
Snow cone snou con cono de nieve
Soda soda agua mineral
Soup sup sopa
Stuffed turkey staft torki pavo de navidad
Stew stu guisado, estofado
Turkey ham torki jam jamn de pavo
Vegetable soup veshtebol sup sopa de verduras
White wine juait uain vino blanco
Wine uain vino

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 29


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 6: MEALS AND DRINKS.


Directions: Write on the lines what you see in the picture.
EJERCICIO 6: COMIDAS Y BEBIDAS.
Direcciones: Escriba en las lineas lo que ves en la foto.

1. A piece of cheesecake A

2. A couple of eggs B

3. A cup of coffee C

4. Black bread D

5. A cup of tea E

6. A hot dog F

7. A couple of hamburgers G

8. A cake H

9. Cheese I

10. Cup cake J

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 30


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

11. A cocktail K

12. A pair of flautas L

13. A bottle of dressing M

14. An apple with a worm N

15. Pizza O

16. A hamburger and a coke P

17. A red lobster Q

18. A sausage R

19. A fish S

20. A hamburger T

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 31


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

21. A subway sandwich U

22. A turkey V

23. An orange tree W

24. An over-easy egg X

25. An ice sandwich Y

26. A meal with bacon and eggs Z

27. A pitcher of cool-aid ZA

28. Roast beef ZB

29. Different kinds of bread ZC

30. A snow cone ZD

Total correct answers: _____________ Score: ________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 32


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

2.5 ANIMALS & INSECTS ANIMALES E INSECTOS

Animal Sound Spanish Animal Sound Spanish


Ant ent hormiga Antelope antelop antilope
Armadillo armadelo armadillo Badger badller tejn
Bat bat murcielago Beaver biver castor
Bee bi abeja Beetle birol-bitol escarabajo
Bear ber oso Bison bisen bisonte, buffalo
Bird berd pjaro, ave Boar bor jabal
Bug bag bicho-insecto Bull bul toro, buey
Buffalo bafelo buffalo, bisonte Bunny bani conejito
Butterfly barerflai mariposa Calf calf becerro
Camel kemol camello Canary canari canario
Cat cat gato Caterpillar carerpilar oruga
Chameleon camilian camalen Cheetah chira chita
Chick chick pollito (a) Chimpanzee chimpanzi chimpac
Chipmunk chipmank ardilla Cock cak gallo
Cockroach cakrouch cucaracha Coyote caiori coyote
Cougar cugar puma-leopardo Cow cao vaca
Crab crab cangrejo Crocodile croakodaiol cocodrilo
Cub cab cachorro Dalmatian dalmeshan perro dalmata
Deer dir venado Doberman doberman perro doberman
Dog dog perro Dolphin dolfin delfin
Donkey donki burro Dragonfly dragenflai libelula
Duck dak pato (a) Ducking daklin patito
Eagle igol guila Elephant elefant elefante
Falcon falcon halcn Fish fish pez
Flea fli pulga Fly flai mosca
Fox fox zorro Frog frog rana, sapo
German shepherd pastor alemn Giraffe lliraf jirafa
Goat gout chivo (a) Goose gus ganso
Hawk jok halcn Hamster jamster hamster
Hare jer liebre Hedgehog jedchdog erizo
Hen jen gallina Heron jeron garza
Hippopotamus jipopatemes hipoptamo Hog jog cerdo, marrano
Horse hors caballo Hyena jayina hiena
Iguana iguana iguana Kangaroo kangeru canguro
Kid kid cabrito nio (a) Kitten kiten gatito
Koala koala koala Labrador dog lbrador dog perro labrador
Lamb lamb cordero (a) Leopard leperd leopardo
Lion laion len Lizard lezerd lagartija
Mare mer yegua Monkey monki mono, chango
Mouse maos ratn Mice mis ratones
Mule miul mula Octopus ctopus pulpo
Ostrich ostrich avestruz Otter orer nutria
Owl aol buo - tecolote Ox ox buey
Panther pentder pantera Parrot perret perico, cotorro (a)
Pig pig cerdo, puerco Peacock picak pavoreal

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 33


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

Pigeon pillen pichn, paloma Piglet piglet cerdito


Penguin pinwuin pinguino Polar bear polorber oso polar
Porcupine porcupain puerco spin Possum possum zarigella
Prairie dog preridog perrito de pradera Puma puma puma, len Americano
Puppy papi perrito Rabbit rabbet conejo
Raccoon racun mapache Ram ram carnero, borrego, chivo
Rat rat rata Rattle snake rrol snik vbora de cascabel
Red Lobster red lobster langosta roja Rhinoceros rainaoseres rinoceronte
Roadrunner roudranner corre caminos Rooster ruster gallo
Scorpion scorpion escorpin, alacrn Seagull segol gaviota
Seal siol foca Sea lion silion foca-grande
Shark shark tiburn Skunk scank sorrillo
Sheep ship oveja borrego (a) Spider spairer araa
Snail sneiol caracol Snake sneik vbora, serpiente
Swine suain cerdo, marrano Stork stork ciguea
Squirrel scuerol ardilla Tarantula tarntula tarantula
Tiger taiguer tigere Tick tick garrapata
Toad toud sapo Toucan tucan tucn
Trout trout trucha Turkey torki pavo-guajolote
Turtle tortol-torol tortuga Vulture volchur buitre
Walrus uolres morsa Wasp uasp avispa
Whale ueiol ballena Wolf uolf lobo
Worm uerm gusano Zebra zibra zebra

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 34


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 7: THE ANIMALS.


Directions: Write on the lines what you see in the picture.
EJERCICIO 7: LOS ANIMALES.
Direcciones: Escriba en las lineas lo que ves en la foto.

1. Whats this? 2. Whats this? 3. Whats this?

This is ____________________ This is ____________________ This is _________________

4. Whats this? 5. Whats this? 6. Whats this?

This is ____________________ This is ____________________ This is _________________

7. Whats this? 8. Whats this? 9. Whats this?

This is ____________________ This is ____________________ This is _________________

10. What is this? 11. Whats this? 12. Whats this?

This is ____________________ This is ____________________ This is _________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 35


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

13. Whats this? 14. Whats this? 15. Whats this?

This is ____________________ This is ____________________ This is _________________

16. Whats this? 17. Whats this? 18. Whats this?

This is ____________________ This is ____________________ This is _________________

19. Whats this? 20. Whats this? 21. Whats this?

This is ____________________ This is ____________________ This is _________________

22. Whats this? 23. Whats this? 24. Whats this?

This is ____________________ This is ____________________ This is _________________

25. Whats this? 26. Whats this? 27. Whats this?

This is ____________________ This is ____________________ This is _________________

Total correct answers: _____________ Score: ________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 36


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

2.6 BODY PARTS PARTES DEL CUERPO


English Sound Spanish English Sound Spanish
Abdomen abdomen abdomen ankle encol tobillo
Anus eines ano Arm arm brazo
Artery rteri arteria back back espalda
Backbone bakboun espina dorsal Belly beli bientre, barriga
Blood blad sangre Bones bouns huesos
Brains breins cerebro Breast brest pecho, senos
Butt batt trasero-cola Buttocks bataks nalgas
Cells cels clulas cheek chik mejilla
Chest chest pecho chin chi/en barbilla
Ears irs oidos elbow elbou codo
Eye ai ojo eyeball aibol globo del ojo
Eyebrows aibraos cejas eyelashes ailashes pestaas
Feet fit pies fingers finguers dedos de las manos
Fingernails finguerneols uas de las manos flesh flesh carne
Forehead forjed frente gums gams encias
Jaws llos mandbulas hair jer cabello, pelo
Hand jend mano head jed cabeza
Heart jart corazn heel jiol taln
Hip jip cadera Index finger index finguer dedo ndice
Intestines intstins intestinos Kidney kidni rin
Knee ni rodilla Knee cap ni cap rotula de rodilla
Lap lap regazo Leg leg pierna
Lips lips labios Liver lver hgado
Lungs longs pulmones Molars molars muelas
Mouth maotd boca Neck nek cuello
Nipples ni/epols pezones Nose nous narz
Ovaries ovaris ovaries Pinky pinky dedo meique
Penis pines pene Ribs ribs costillas
Scalp scalp cuero de la cabeza Sheen shin espinilla
Shoulders shoulders hombros Skin skin piel
Skeleton skeleton esqueleto Spine spain espina dorsal
Spine discs spain discs vertebras Stomach stomak estomago
Teeth titd dientes Testicles testicols testculos
Throat tdrout garganta thumb tdamb dedo pulgar
Toes tus dedos de los pies tongue tong lengua
Vagina va/ellaina vagina veins veins venas
Waist ueist cintura wrist urist mueca de la mano

SICKNESS DEFINITION
Backache bakeick dolor de espalda Stomachache stomakeick dolor de estomago
Headache jedeick dolor de cabeza Stroke stroke ataque de apopleja
The cold tdi cold resfriado the flu tdi flu gripa
Cough cof tos chest pain chest pein dolor de pecho
HIV eich-ai-vi (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
AIDS eids (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) Cida

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 37


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 8: BODY PARTS


Directions: Write the correct name of the body-part.
EJERCICIO 8: PARTES DEL CUERPO
Direcciones: Escriba el nombre correcto de la parte del cuerpo.

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 38


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

END OF LESSON 2

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 39


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

Lesson 3
The Nouns: Singular and Plural
3.1 COMMON AND PROPER NOUNS

Nouns are commonly defined as words that name people, places, or things. Although this definition is
rather limited, it does contain a key word name. Anything in the physical and mental words can be
named with a noun.
Los Sustantivos son comunmente definidos como palabras que nombran personas, lugares, o cosas. Aunque
esta definicin es practicamente limitada, contiene la palabra clave: nombre.

Proper nouns are all official names, such as names of people, organizations, geographical locations,
holidays, languages, and historical events. You can easily recognize proper nouns because they begin
with capital letters.
Nombres propios son todos los nombres oficiales, as como nombres de gente, organizaciones, lugares
geogrficos, das festivos, idiomas, y eventos histricos. Tu puedes reconocer fcilmente los nombres propios por
que comienzan con mayscula.

Common nouns are all other nouns that are usually not capitalized unless they appear as the first word
in sentences.
Common nouns, son los otros sustantivos que se llaman nombres communes y no se escriben con mayscula al
menos que vayan al principio de la oracin.

paper note software keyboard car house


television sun computer book engineer doctor
father mother teacher professor town country
portfolio briefcase store president governor police officer

EXAMPLES OF COMMON AND PROPER NOUNS: EJEMPLOS DE NOMBRES PROPIOS Y COMUNES:

People: Susan, doctor, family, Miguel, engineer, nurse.


Places: Canada, ocean, campus, home, store, Mexico, park.
Things: popsicle, shoe, fingernail, crater, computer.
Senses: sound, smell, taste, feel, touch.
Feelings: hope, disappointment, anxiety, peace.
Occurrences: earthquake, wedding, party, contest, divorce.
Actions: handshake, smile, leap, wink, limp.

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 40


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

PROPER AND COMMON NOUNS NOMBRES PROPIOS Y COMUNES

Don Quijote Vicente Fox El Paso Alaska Las Misiones

Examples: Proper nouns common nouns


Muhammad Ali boxer
United Kingdom country
Soriana store
Salt Lake City city, town

EXERCISE 1: Common and proper nouns


Instructions: Write the proper noun for the following common nouns.

EJERCICIO 1: Nombres communes y propios


Instructions: Escribe el nombre propio de los siguientes nombre comunes.

Common noun Spanish Proper noun


Religion religion Catholic, Mormon, Jehova Witnesses
political party
historical figure
holiday
city
river
state
president
store
mall
country
mayor
governor
hotel

restaurant

neighborhood

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 41


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

3.2 THE USE OF THE ARTICLES: THE/A/AN


The is a definite article. A and an are indefinite articles.
El significado y uso de the el, la, los, las [singular y plural]
The is used before the subject (nouns, names, or adjectives)
The se usa antes del sujeto (sustantivo, nombres o adjetivos)
Examples: The book el libro the books los libros
The used car el carro usado the used cars los carros usados
The new house la casa nueva the new houses las casas nuevas
The computer la computadora the kitchen la cocina
The plate el plato the dishes los trastes

EXERCISE 2: THE USE OF THE


Directions: Write on the lines the translation to English of each phrase.
EJERCICIO 2:. EL USO DE THE
Direcciones: Escriba sobre las lineas la traduccin al Ingls de cada frase.
1. The books are on the desk.
Los libros
Spanish: Los libros estn en el escritorio.
2. ________________ are expensive
Los carros
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________
3. ________________ is big.
La mesa
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________
4. ________________ has leaves.
El rbol
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________
5. _____________________ is in the closet.
El vestido
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________

6. ______________________ have petals.


Las flores
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________

7. _______________________ are sweet.


Las naranjas
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 42


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

8. _____________________ go to school.
Los nios
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________

9. _____________________ gives us homework every time we have the class.


El maestro
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________

10. ___________________ is a big and strong cat.


El len
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________

11. ___________________ is big.


La casa
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________

12. ___________________ is big and nice.


La oficina
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________

13. _________________ is easy to understand.


El libro
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________

14. _________________ went to the party last night.


Las chicas
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________

15. _________________ went to the party last night too.


Los chicos
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________

16. _________________ is too small.


La cocina
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________

17. _________________ are dirty.


Los trastes
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 43


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

3.3 A vs. AN

a and an are used in front of a noun (e.g., person, apartment, building). It means one (singular male
and female).

a y an son usados antes de un noun (nombre o sustantivo) (e.g., (por ejemplo,) persona, apartmento,
edificio, etc). significa un, una (singular macho o hembra)

If a singular noun is modified by an adjective (e.g., small, big, high, low, young, old, etc.), a or an
comes in front of the adjective, as in c) and d).

Si un noun (nombre) singular es modificado por un adjetivo (e.g., small, big, high, low, young, old,
etc.), a o an se escribe antes del adjetivo, como en el case de c) y d).

a is used in front of a word that begins with a consonant (b, c, d, f, g, etc.): a boy, a bad day, a cat, a
cute baby (except h).

a se usa antes de cualquier palabra que comienza con una consonante (b, c, d, f, g, etc.): a boy, a bad
day, a cat, a cute baby (excepto h).

an is used in front of words that begin with vowels a, e, i, o (except u): example: an apartment, an
angry man, an elephant, an empty room, etc.

an se usa antes de cualquier palabra que comienza con una vocal a, e, i, o (excepto u): ejemplo: an
apartment, an angry man, an elephant, an empty room, etc.

a) I have a pencil.
b) I live in an apartment.
c) I have a small apartment.
d) I live in an old building.

The use of a and an with the letters u and h.


El uso de a y an con las letras u y h.

For words that begin with the letter u:


1) an is used if the letter u has a vowel sound, as in an umbrella, an uncle, an unusual day, etc.
2) a is used if the letter u has a consonant sound, as in a university, a unit, a usual event.

Para las palabras que comienzan con la letra u:


1) se usa an SOLAMENTE si la letra u tiene sonido de vocal, como en: an umbrella, an uncle, an
unusual day, etc.
2) se usa a SOLAMENTE si la letra u tiene sonido de consonante, como en: a university, a unit, a
usual event, etc.

e) I have an umbrella.
f) I saw an ugly picture.
g) I attend a university.
h) I had a unique experience.

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 44


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

For words that begin with the letter h:


1) an is used if the letter h is silent: an hour, an honor, an honest person, etc.
2) a is used if the letter h is pronounced as a consonant: a holiday, a hotel, a high point.
Para las palabras que comienzan con la letra h:
1) se usa an SOLAMENTE si la letra h no tiene sonido, (no se pronuncia): an hour, an honor, an honest person, etc.
2) se usa a SOLAMENTE si la letra h es pronunciada (si tiene sonido) como j: a holiday, a hotel, a high point.

i) He will arrive in an hour.


j) New years day is a holiday.
k) Thats a hotel.

Examples with a: Ejemplos con a:


A book un libro a new house una casa nueva a picture una foto.
A drawing un dibujo a hospital un hospital a building un edificio
A used car un carro usado a happy child. un nio felz a hotel un hotel

Examples with an: Ejemplos con an:


an orange tree un rbol de naranjas an ugly piano un piano feo
an hour una hora an old bus un camion viejo
an accident un accidente an apple tree un rbol de manzanas

EXERCISE 3: A vs. AN.


Directions: Write a or an in the blanks.
EJERCICIO 3: EL A vs. AN.
Direcciones: Escribe a o an en los espacios.

1. _____ mistake. 9. _____ uniform. 17. _____ hour.

2. _____ abbreviation. 10. _____ union. 18. _____ hotel

3. _____ dream. 11. _____ untrue story. 19. _____ interesting dream

4. _____ hill 12. _____ urgent message. 20. _____ handsome man.

5. _____ box. 13. _____ universal poem. 21. _____ honest man.

6. _____ empty box. 14. _____ unhappy child. 22. _____ honor.

7. _____ desk. 15. _____ book. 23. _____ hunter.

8. _____ city. 16. _____ grape. 24. _____ small house.

Items: 24 Correct answers: __________ out of 24 = __________ %

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 45


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 4: THE USE OF: A & AN.


Directions: Complete the following sentences with a, or an as applies and translate them to
Spanish.
EJERCICIO 4: EL USO DE: A & AN.
Direcciones: Completa los siguientes enunciados con a, o an segn aplique y tradcelas al Espaol.

1. Today is ____a________ nice day.


Spanish: _____Hoy es un da bonito _____

2. That is ___________ old university.

Spanish: __________________________________________

3. Right now is ____________ good time to walk.

Spanish: _________________________________________

4. This is _________ long trip.

Spanish: _________________________________________

5. This is ____________ pear.

Spanish: _________________________________________

6. You are __________ honest man.

Spanish: _________________________________________

7. She is ___________ happy child.

Spanish: _________________________________________

8. I have ____________ used car.

Spanish: _________________________________________

9. The hen laid ___________ egg on the grass.

Spanish: _________________________________________

10. I have ___________ apple tree in my backyard.

Spanish: _________________________________________

11. That is __________ big building.

Spanish: _________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 46


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

12. This is ___________ easy exercise.

Spanish: _________________________________________

13. I have _____________ good job.

Spanish: _________________________________________

14. This company has ___________ big parking lot.

Spanish: _________________________________________

15. This is ___________ wide Avenue.

Spanish: _________________________________________

16. My sister goes to ___________ good university.

Spanish: _________________________________________

17. Please bring me ___________ chocolate bar.

Spanish: _________________________________________

18. My computer has ___________ digital mouse.

Spanish: _________________________________________

19. Thats ____________ strong chair.

Spanish: _________________________________________

20. Thats ____________ fine ring.

Spanish: _________________________________________

21. My father brought ___________ Christmas tree this morning.

Spanish: _________________________________________

22. Thats _____________ big and nice waterfall.

Spanish: _________________________________________

23. Thats ___________ elephant.

Spanish: _________________________________________

24. This is _____________ banana.

Spanish: _________________________________________
Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 47
JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

25. This is _____________ watermelon.


Spanish: _________________________________________

26. That is _____________ orange.


Spanish: _________________________________________

27. Thats _____________ glass of orange juice.


Spanish: _________________________________________

28. Thats _____________ house.


Spanish: _________________________________________

29. This is _____________ good novel.


Spanish: _________________________________________

30. Thats _____________ ugly soap opera.


Spanish: _________________________________________

31. The bus takes _____________ hour to get to the plant.


Spanish: _________________________________________

32. My sister takes _____________ taxi every morning.


Spanish: _________________________________________

33. This is _____________ small umbrella.


Spanish: _________________________________________

34. My cousin is ____________ technician.


Spanish: _________________________________________

35. This is ____________ good book.


Spanish: _________________________________________

36. That is ____________ oramge tree.


Spanish: _________________________________________

37. I have ____________ apple.


Spanish: _________________________________________

38. Im using ____________ computer.


Spanish: _________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 48


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

3.4 SINGULAR & PLURAL NOUNS NOMBRES SINGULARES Y PLURALES

Rule 1: Most nouns form their plural by adding one -s at the end.
Regla 1: La mayora de los sustantivos forman su plural aadiendo una -s al final.

Door-doors teacher-teachers pen-pens


Clock-clocks day-days girl-girls
Office-offices movie-movies pin-pins

Rule 2: Nouns ending in: ch, sh, s, x, z, form their plural by adding es at the end
Regla 2: Los sustantivos que terminan en: ch, sh, s, x, z, forman su plural aadiendo es al final.

Church-churches box-boxes glass-glasses


Watch-watches fox-foxes business-businesses
Kiss-kisses quiz-quizzes* dress-dresses

EXCEPTIONS: Nouns adding s NOT es: monarch monarchs stomach stomachs


Nouns adding es NOT s: cloth clothes
*NOTE: Nouns that end with z, you duplicate the z before adding es as in quiz-quizzes.
*NOTA: Los sustantivos que terminan en z, se duplica la z antes de aadir es como en quiz-quizzes

Rule 3: Nouns ending with -y and only if the letter before is a consonant, change the -y for the -i and
add -es.
Regla 3: Las plabras que terminan en -y y solo si la letra anterior es una consonante, canbia la -y por la i y agrega -es
City-cities county-counties country-countries
Party-parties panty-panties beauty-beauties
Candy-candies mommy-mommies Industry-industries
Rule 4: Nouns ending in f and fe, change the f for the -v and add -es. In the case of fe, change the f
for the v and add only s
Regla 4: Los nombres que terminan en f y -fe cambia la f por la v y agrega -es. En el case de fe, cambia la f por la v i
agrefa solo s

One knife two knives one shelf two shelves one wife two wives
One leaf five leaves one calf two calves yourself yourselves
EXCEPTIONS: beliefs, chiefs, roofs, cuffs, cliffs

Rule 5: For nouns that end in o sometimes you add es and sometimes only s.
Regla 5: Para las palabras que terminan en o algunas veces agregas es y otras veces agregas -s.

With s only: zoo-zoos radio-radios studio-studios piano-pianos


With -es: One tomato two tomatoes one potato two potatoes
With es or s: volcano volcanoes or (volcanos) zero zeroes or (zeros)
mosquito mosquitoes or (mosquitos) hero heroes or (heros)
-es is more common used in these cases. -es es ms comunmente usado en estos casos

Some nouns have the same form in singular and plural.


Algunos sustantivos tienen la misma forma en singular y plural.

deer-deer fish-fish sheep-sheep species-species offspring-offspring

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 49


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

3.5 IRREGULAR NOUNS NOMBRES (SUSTANTIVOS) IRREGULARES

Some nouns have irregular plural form. They are called: irregular nouns. This means that they dont
follow any rules for their plural form. They are unpredictable.
Algunos sustantivos tienen forma irregular en plural. Son llamados sustantivos irregulares. Esto significa que a ellos no
aplica ninguna regla gramatical para formar su plural. Los irregulares son impredecibles.

louse-lice foot-feet tooth-teeth person-people(persons) child-children


goose-geese ox-oxen man-men woman-women mouse-mice

Some nouns that English has borrowed from other languages have a foreign plural form.
Algunos sustantivos que el Ingls a tomado de lenguages de otros pases tienen plurales forneos.

cactus-cacti bacterium-bacteria criterion-criteria phenomenon-phenomena


crisis-crises analysis-analyses parentesis-parenteses

EXERCISE 7: Singular and plural nouns.


Instructions: Write the plural form of the following regular and irregular nouns. You may use
the plural words or numbers: many, some, a lot of, two, five, ten, etc
EJERCICIO 7: Sustantivos singulares y plurales.
Instrucciones: Escribe la forma plural de los nombres (sustantivos) regulares e irregulars. Puedes usar los
numeros o palabras plurales: many, some, a lot of, two, five, ten, etc

1. one potato, __five potatoes___________ 20. a half, a lot of ______________________


2. a library, many ____________________ 21. a possibility, _______________________
3. one child, ________________________ 22. a thief, ____________________________
4. a leaf, a lot of _____________________ 23. a hero, ____________________________
5. one fish, _________________________ 24. a goose. ___________________________
6. one wish, many ___________________ 25. an attorney, ________________________
7. an opinion, _______________________ 26. a butterfly, _________________________
8. a mouse, _________________________ 27. frog, ______________________________
9. one sandwich, two _________________ 28. a mosquito, ________________________
10. a man, ___________________________ 29. one sheep, _________________________
11. one woman, ______________________ 30. an orange, _________________________
12. a flash, three ______________________ 31. one stitch, _________________________
13. one tomato, ______________________ 32. one floor, _________________________
14. one tooth, _______________________ 33. one piano, ________________________
15. one hole, ________________________ 34. a belief, many _____________________
16. one home, ________________________ 35. one person, _______________________
17. one cactus, _______________________ 36. one calf, _________________________
18. one crisis, ________________________ 37. a bird, many ______________________
19. one species, ______________________ 38. a knife, many ______________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 50


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 8: Singular and plural nouns.


Instructions: Write the following sentences in Spanish. Also, change them to their plural or
singular form, whatever the case is.
EJERCICIO 8: Sustantivos singulars y plurals.
Instrucciones: Escribe las siguientes oraciones en Espaol. Tambien cmbielas a plural o singular, cualquiera que
sea el caso.

Example: Today I bought a movie.


Spanish: Hoy compr una pelcula.
Change form: Today I bought two movies.

1. The glass is full of water.


Spanish: ____________________________
Change form: ____________________________

2. There are six gifts for your family in this box. 8. That boy is smart.
Spanish: ____________________________ Spanish: ___________________________
Change form: ____________________________ Change form: ___________________________

3. The child is playing basketball outside. 9. This is a big box.


Spanish: ____________________________ Spanish: ___________________________
Change form: ____________________________ Change form: ___________________________

4. He is a young man. 10. Use this pencil for the test.


Spanish: ____________________________ Spanish: ___________________________
Change form: ____________________________ Change form: ___________________________

5. She is the new waitress. 11. Bring that chair closer.


Spanish: ____________________________ Spanish: ___________________________
Change form: ____________________________ Change form: ___________________________

6. Shes a pretty woman. 12. The plates are in the kitchen cabinet.
Spanish: ____________________________ Spanish: ___________________________
Change form: ____________________________ Change form: ___________________________

7. My uncle is old. 13. This lesson is very easy.


Spanish: ____________________________ Spanish: ___________________________
Change form: ____________________________ Change form: ___________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 51


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

3.6 ERROR ANALYSIS ANALISIS DE ERROR

When a sentence begins with a plural noun as the main subject, most of the time you dont need to write
the article the. When the subject is plural, the verb must be in the plural form (original-base).
Cuando un enunciado comienza con un sustantivo plural como el sujeto principal, la mayora del tiempo no necesitas escribir
el artculo the. Cuando el sujeto es plural, el verbo debe escribirse en plural (original-base)

EXERCISE 9: Singular and plural nouns.


Directions: These sentences have many mistakes in the use of plural nouns. Underline each
wrong noun and write the correct plural form. DO NOT change the verbs. Translate the
sentences.
EJERCICIO 9: Sustantivos singulars y plurals.
Instrucciones: Estos enunciados tienen muchos errores en el uso de sustantivos plurales. Subraya cada uno de los
errores y escribe el plural correcto. NO CAMBIES los verbos. Tradce los enunciados.

1. Chicago has busy street and highway. Corrected: Chicago has busy streets and highways.
Streets highways

2. Box have six side.

Corrected: _______________________________________________

Spanish: _________________________________________________

3. Big city have many problem.

Corrected: _______________________________________________

Spanish: _________________________________________________

4. Banana grow in hot, humid area.

Corrected: _______________________________________________

Spanish: _________________________________________________

5. Insect dont have nose.

Corrected: ____________________________________________________________________

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

6. Lamb are the offspring of sheep.

Corrected: ____________________________________________________________________

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 52


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

7. Library keep book on shelf.


Corrected: _______________________________________________

Spanish: _________________________________________________

8. Parent support their child.

Corrected: _______________________________________________

Spanish: _________________________________________________

9. Indonesia has several active volcano.

Corrected: _______________________________________________

Spanish: _________________________________________________

10. Gorilla are big monkey. They have large arm and big tooth.
Corrected: _______________________________________________

Spanish: _________________________________________________

11. Glass are made out of paper sometimes.


Corrected: _______________________________________________

Spanish: _________________________________________________

12. Fish eat little animal and worm.


Corrected: _______________________________________________

Spanish: _________________________________________________

13. Lion are big cat.


Corrected: _______________________________________________
Spanish: _________________________________________________

14. Spider eat fly.


Corrected: _______________________________________________
Spanish: _________________________________________________

15. Dog bark.


Corrected: _______________________________________________
Spanish: _________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 53


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

16. Mexican person have many costume.


Corrected: ____________________________________________________________________

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

17. Friend are good person who we can trust.


Corrected: ____________________________________________________________________

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

18. Crayon are good to color drawing.


Corrected: ____________________________________________________________________

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

19. Butterfly are beautiful insect.


Corrected: _______________________________________________
Spanish: _________________________________________________

20. Person are intelligent.


Corrected: _______________________________________________

Spanish: _________________________________________________

21. Car run fast.


Corrected: _______________________________________________
Spanish: _________________________________________________

22. The employee are working right now.


Corrected: ____________________________________________________________________

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

23. The child want to play with their toy.


Corrected: ____________________________________________________________________

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

END OF LESSON 3

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 54


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

Lesson 4
The Auxiliary Verb To Be

4.1 The simple present form: (am-is-are) El tiempo presente simple del verbo: to be.
Very often, the personal pronouns (subject pronouns) are used in sentences. Here they are:
Muy seguido, los pronombres personales (pronombres sujetos) son usados en enunciados. Aqu estn:
Pronouns Sound Spanish Definition
I ai yo first person singular primer persona singular
You iu tu second person singular/plural segunda persona sing/plural
He ji l third person singular tercera persona singular
She shi ella third person singular tercera persona singular
It it ese-eso third person singular tercera persona singular
We ui nosotros first person plural primer persona plural
They dei ellos-ellas third person plural tercer persona plural

Pron Present Spanish


I Am Yo soy, o estoy
You Are Tu eres o ests ustedes son o estn
He Is El es, o est
She Is Ella es, o est
It Is Ese (o) es, o est
We Are Nosotros(as) somos, o estamos
They Are Ellos/Ellas son, o Ellos/Ellas estn

Definition: Affirmative: Negative:

1st person singular I am I am not

He He
3rd person singular She is She is not
It It

You You
1st, 2nd, and 3rd person plural We are We are not
They They

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 55


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

General formula to create sentences: S + V + O


S = Subject (sujeto) + V = verb (verbo) + O = object (complemento)

Formula del verbo to be S + be (am-is-are) + O


Graciela is a good student. Graciela es una buena estudiante.
S V O

I am a good worker. Yo soy un buen trabajador.


S V O

You are a nice person. Tu eres una Buena persona.


S V O

They are in the school. Ellos estn en la escuela.


S V O

Mike and Joe are good friends. Miguel y Joe (Jose) son buenos amigos.
S V O

Marcy is in the kitchen Marcy est en la cocina.


S V O

Joel is a playful kid. Joel es un chico juguetn.


S V O

EXERCISE 1: AFFIRMATIVE FORM


Directions: Write on the lines the correct form of the verb to be. Also write them in Spanish.
EJERCICIO 1: FORMA AFFIRMATIVA
Direcciones: Escribe en las lineas la forma correcta del verbo to be. Tambien escrbelas en Espaol.

1. Meredith _____is_________ a pretty girl.

Spanish: Meredith es una chica bonita.

2. Mara ____________________ pregnant.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

3. Mario ________________ the oldest brother.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

4. Stephanie and Michelle ____________ busy right now.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

5. We _______________ the doctors.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

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JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

6. Jennifer ____________ very hard to understand.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

7. My son and my daughter ____________ good students.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

8. Sabrina ____________ too young to be married.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

9. My family ______________ very close.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

10. You _______________ a kind person.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

11. Patricia _____________ a nice girl.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

12. We ____________ in the English class.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

13. They ____________ the new students.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

14. I ____________ a happy person.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

15. He ____________ a mechanic.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

16. Peter and Paul ____________ teachers.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

17. Joe ____________ the secret weapon of the volleyball team.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 57


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

4.2 THE NEGATIVE, QUESTION, AND ANSWERS

To create a sentence in the negative form, you write the subject + the verb to be + the negative word:
not + the object.

Para crear enunciados negativos, escribes el sujeto, ms el verbo to be ms la negacin not, ms el


complemento.
Formula: S + be (am-is-are) not + O

Examples: Gracie is not a bad student. Graciela no es una mala estudiante.


S be Neg O

We are not in the bedroom. Nosotros no estamos en la recamara.


S be Neg O

They are not in the school. Ellos no estn en la escuela.


S be Neg O

Mr. Rodriguez is not a doctor. El Seor Rodriguez no es doctor.


S be Neg O

I am not a French teacher. Yo no soy maestro de Francs.


S be Neg O

Mike and I are not bad designers. Miguel y yo no somos malos dibujantes.
S be Neg O

Martha is not in the kitchen Martha no est en la cocina.


S be Neg O

EXERCISE 2: NEGATIVE FORM.


Directions: Change the following sentences to the negative form. Write them in Spanish.
EJERCICIO 2: FORMA NEGATIVA.
Direcciones: Cambie los siguientes enunciados a la forma negativa. Escribalas en Espaol.

1. Hilario is not in Mxico City. He is in Playa del Carmen.

Spanish: Hilario no est en la ciudad de Mxico. El est en Playa del Carmen.

2. Jennifer and Jane ______________ stewardesses.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

3. They __________________ at the mall at this moment.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

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JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

4. John ________________ in the algebra class.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

5. Angel _______________ sleeping.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

6. Rhonda _______________ very intelligent.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

7. Mario ______________ a bad boy.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

8. He _________________ my brother.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

9. My uncle ___________ an electrician.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

10. Magdalena and Cesar ______________ close friends.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PREGUNTAS Y RESPUESTAS

To form questions, you place the verb to be before the main subject.

Para formar preguntas, escribes el verbo to be antes del sujeto principal.

Formula: Be (am-is-are) + S + O?

Questions Answers

Am I? Yes, You are. No, you are not.


Are you? Yes, I am. No, I am not.

He? he he
Is she? Yes, she is. No, she is not
It? it it

We? we we
Are they? Yes, they are. No, they are not.

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 59


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

S V O
Examples: Statement: Martha is the school nurse.

V S O
Question: Is Martha the school nurse?

S V O
Statement: Those girls are the school cheerleaders.

V S O
Question: Are those girls the school cheerleaders?

SV O
Statement: I am the baby-sitter

V S O
Question: Am I the baby-sitter?

S V O
Statement: You are a good talker.

V S O
Question: Are you a good talker?

EXERCISE 3: THE QUESTION FORM.


Directions: Translate the sentences and change them to questions.
EERCICIO 3. FORMA DE PREGUNTA.
Direcciones: Traduce las oraciones y cambia las a la forma de pregunta.

1. The teacher is writing on the board.

Spanish: ___________El profesor est escribiendo en el pizarrn.____________

Question form: ______Is the teacher writing on the board?__________________

2. These oranges are sweet.

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

Question form: __________________________________________________________________

3. The water hose is too small.

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

Question form: __________________________________________________________________

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JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

4. Today is Monday.

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

Question form: __________________________________________________________________

5. Sergio and Benito are working right now.

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

Question form: __________________________________________________________________

6. The students are writing notes.

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

Question form: __________________________________________________________________

7. Your computer programs are big.

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

Question form: __________________________________________________________________

8. The books from the bookstore are expensive.

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

Question form: __________________________________________________________________

9. Lalo and Martn are students.

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

Question form: __________________________________________________________________

10. He is in the office.

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

Question form: __________________________________________________________________

11. She is my sister

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

Question form: __________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 61


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

SHORT ANSWERS RESPUESTAS CORTAS

Giving short answers. Dando respuestas cortas.

To give an affirmative answer, you write the word: Yes, plus the personal pronoun of the subject, plus
the verb be in this case.
Para dar una respuesta afirmativa, se escribe la palabra: Yes, ms el pronombre personal del sujeto, ms el verbo be en este
caso.
Yes, + Pronoun + (am-is-are).

To give a negative answer, you write the word: No, plus the personal pronoun of the subject, plus the
verb: be, plus the word not.
Para dar una respuesta negativa, se escribe la palabra: No, ms el pronombre personal del sujeto, ms el verbo: be, ms la
palabra not.
No, + Pronoun + (am-is-are) + not.

Question: Answers:
Are you in the round table? Yes, I am. No, I am not.
Is your brother a lawyer? Yes, he is. No, he is not.
Am I your teammate? Yes, you are. No, you are not.

EXERCISE 4: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.


Directions: Write on the blanks the correct form of the verb to be in the question form and give
the short answers.
EJERCICIO 4: PRESUNTAS Y RESPUESTAS.
Direcciones: Escribe en las lineas la forma correcta del verbo to be en preguntas y de las respuestas cortas.

My brother and I are in Permian High School.


Spanish: Mi hermano y yo estamos en la Prepa Permian.
Question: Are you and your brother in the Permian High School?
Answers: Yes, we are. No, we are not.

1. This chapter is easy.


Spanish: ____________________________________________________________
Question: ____________________________________________________________
Answers: _____________________ ____________________________________

2. Felipe, Lore, and Baltazar are in level 2 in their English class.


Spanish: ____________________________________________________________
Question: ____________________________________________________________
Answers: _____________________ ____________________________________

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JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

3. I am your friend.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________

Question: ____________________________________________________________

Answers: _____________________ ____________________________________

4. You are in trouble.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________

Question: ____________________________________________________________

Answers: _____________________ ____________________________________

5. Johnny is very intelligent.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________

Question: ____________________________________________________________

Answers: _____________________ ____________________________________

6. Joas is a good student.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________

Question: ____________________________________________________________

Answers: _____________________ ____________________________________

7. My daughter is in her bedroom at this moment.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________

Question: ____________________________________________________________

Answers: _____________________ ____________________________________

8. Mercy is watching TV right now.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________

Question: ____________________________________________________________

Answers: _____________________ ____________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 63


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

4.3 THE USE OF HAVE

Have means possession. El verbo have significa tener (posesin).


Have and has are used in the simple present tense. Have y has se usan en el tiempo presente simple.
Have is used with the subjects: I, you, we, and they or the related nouns (names)
Have es usado con los sujetos: I, you, we y they o sujetos relationados (nombres de personas o cosas)
Has is used with the subjects: he, she or it or the related nouns (names)
Has es usado con los sujetos: he, she o it o sujetos relationados (nombres de personas o cosas)

The verb have follows the subject in a Sentence Structure Agreement: S (subject) + V (verb) + O
(object-complement)
El verbo have/has/had sigue al sujeto en una estructura de oraciones en armona (con logica).

Next, there are the formulas that will help you in your writing and speaking.
En seguida, hay formulas que te ayudarn en tu escritura y conversacin.
FORMULAS: AFFIRMATIVE: S + V (have-has-had) + Object
NEGATIVE: S + dont / doesnt + V base form (have) + Object
QUESTION: Do / Does + S + V base form (have) + Object
ANSWERS: Yes, + pronoun + auxiliary No, + pronoun + auxiliary + not

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE PRESENT AFFIRMATIVE AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE


PRESENT FORM FORM QUESTION FORM ANSWER ANSWER

I have . . . I do not have . . . Do I have . . .? Yes, you do. No, you do not.
You have . . . You do not have . . . Do you have . . .? Yes, I do. No, I do not.
He has . . . He does not have . . . Does he have . . .? Yes, he does. No, he does not.
She has . . . She does not have . . . Does she have . . .? Yes, she does. No, she does not.
It has . . . It does not have . . . Does it have . . .? Yes, it does. No, it does not.
We have . . . We do not have . . . Do we have . . .? Yes, you do. No, you do not.
They have . . . They do not have . . . Do they have . . .? Yes, they do, No, they do not.

The present tense: El tiempo presente:


I have Tengo una pluma. Yo tengo una pluma.
You have T tienes una pluma. Ustedes tienen una pluma.
We have a pen. Nosotros tenemos una pluma.
They have Ellos tienen una pluma.

He has a pen. El tiene una pluma.


She has a pen. Ella tiene una pluma.
It has blue ink. Tiene tinta azul. La pluma tiene tinta azul.

a) I have a book. Tengo un libro.


b) You have a bicycle. T tienes una bicicleta. Ustedes tienen una bicicleta.
c) Charles has a new cell phone. Carlos / Charles tiene un telfono cellular nuevo.
d) Martha and Sergio have some money saved. Martha y Sergio tienen algo de dinero en el banco.

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 64


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

4.4 THE NEGATIVE AND QUESTION FORMS WITH DONT-DOESNTY


In negative and question forms you use the auxiliary verb do/does.
en oraciones negativas y preguntas se usa el vervo auxiliar do/does.

Examples in the negative form:


a) I dont have a book. Yo no tengo libro.
b) Stephanie doesnt have a bicycle. Stephanie no tiene bicicleta.
Examples in the question and answer form:
a) Do you have a grammar book? Yes, I do. No, I dont.
b) Does Stephanie have a bicycle? No, she doesnt. Yes, she does.
Examples in the negative question and answer form:
a) Dont you have a book? Yes, I do.
b) Doesnt Stephanie have a bicycle? No, she doesnt

EXERCISE 5: THE PRESENT OF HAVE


Directions: Complete the sentences. Use have / has. Read all sentences very carefully. Some are
negatives and others are questions. Also, write them Spanish.
EJERCICIO 5: EL PRESENTE DE HAVE
Direcciones: Completa los enunciados. Usa have / has. Lee todos los enunciados con mucho cuidado. Algunos son
negativos y otros pregutas. Tambien, escrbelas en Espaol.

1. We have grammar books in this classroom.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________
2. Teresa has a good dictionary.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

3. Kate _______________ a blue pen. And she _______________ a new notebook too.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

4. _______________ you _______________ a pen in your pocket?

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

5. Bob ___________________ a book, a pen, and a pencil on his desk.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

6. He (not) _________________________ a dictionary. He needs to buy one.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

7. Anna and Ralph __________ a notebook and a pen, but they (not) _______________ a pencil.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 65


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

8. Anna and Ralph _______________ some time to do their homework.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

9. Aurelia is a student in our class. She _______________ a red grammar book.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

10. I _______________ a red grammar book too. It _______________ white letters on the cover.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

11. You and I are students at this school. We _______________ our own books on our desk.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

12. Mike _______________ a wallet in his pocket.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

13. Sarah _______________ a wallet in her purse.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

14. Nadia isnt in class today because she __________ to go to a doctors appointment. She ________
the flu.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

15. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson _______________ two daughters.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

16. They _______________ only one boy.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

17. _______________ the Johnson _______________ three kids? Answer: ___________________

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

18. The two girls _______________ ham and eggs for breakfast every afternoon.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

19. The boy _______________ cereal for breakfast every morning.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 66


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

4.5 THE USE OF BE vs. HAVE

Be sometimes is used to mean have in special occations.


Be algunas veces es usado para significar have (tener) en ocaciones especiales.
You use be instead of have in the fllowing phrases:
Usas be en lugar de have en las siguientes frases:
tener edad = age-years old tener hambre = hungry tener sueo = sleepy
el clima cold/hot hace fro/calor tener fro/calor = cold/hot tener miedo = scared

Examples:
INCORRECT: I have 25 years old. CORRECT: I am 25 years old. Tengo 25 aos de edad.
INCORRECT: I have hungry. CORRECT: I am hungry. Tengo hambre.
INCORRECT: I have sleepy. CORRECT: I am sleepy. Tengo sueo.
INCORRECT: It has hot. CORRECT: It is hot. Hace calor.
INCORRECT: It has cold. CORRECT: It is cold. Hace frio.
INCORRECT: I have hot. CORRECT: I am hot. Tengo calor.
INCORRECT: I have cold. CORRECT: I am cold. Tengo frio.
INCORRECT: I have scare. CORRECT: I am escared. Tengo miedo.

EXERCISE 6: THE USE OF BE vs. HAVE


Directions: Complete the sentences. Use have, has, had, or be (am-is-are). Read all sentences
very carefully.
EJERCICIO 6: EL USO DE BE vs. HAVE
Direcciones: Completa los enunciados. Usa have, has, had, o be (am-is-are).

1. Elizabeth _______________ two brothers.


Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

2. Juan _______________ ten-years old.


Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

3. It _______________ hot in this room.


Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

4. I _______________ hot. Could you turn up the air conditioner please?


Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

5. Melanie and I are going to Joes restaurant. If you ________ hungry, youre welcome to come along.
Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

6. Do you _______________ ten dollars on you?


Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 67


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

7. How old _______________ you? I _______________ 19 years old.


Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

8. How old _______________ your brother? He _______________ 17 years old.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

9. How _______________ you? I _______________ fine. Thank you. And you?

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

10. How _______________ your family? It _______________ fine, thanks.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

11. If you _______________ cold, put a jacket on. No, I _______________ not cold. Thanks.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

12. After I eat this hot dog, if I _______________ still hungry, I will eat another.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

13. How old _______________ your Mom?

Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________

14. Tomorrow, Im going to _______________ a party at my house.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

15. Automobiles _______________ wheels.

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

16. What _______________ you _______________ in your purse?

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

17. A: Do you _______________ enough money to buy those shoes?

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

B: Yes, I do. I _______________ enough money to buy these shoes?

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 68


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

4.6 THE PAST TENSE OF THE VERB: TO BE (was-were)

El tiempo pasado de: to be (was-were).

To create the past tense of: be you write: the subject + the verb to be in past + the object.

Para crear el tiempo pasado del verbo to be, escribes el sujeto + el verbo to be en pasado + el
complemento.

Pronoun Past Spanish


I Was Yo era, fui, eataba o estuve
You Were Tu eras, fuiste, estabas o estuviste ustedes eran, fueron o estuvieron
He Was El era, fue, estaba o estuvo
She Was Ella era, fue, estaba o estuvo
It Was Ese (o) era, fue, estaba o estuvo
We Were Nosotros(as) ramos, fuimos, estbamos o estuvimos
They Were Ellos/Ellas eran, fueron, estaban o estuvieron

Definition: Affirmative: Negative:

1st person singular I was I was not

He He
3rd person singular She was She was not
It It

You You
1st, 2nd, and 3rd person plural We were We were not
They They

Formula: S + was/were + O

Examples:
Gloria was in the same class with me.
I was in Canada a year ago.
You were a good help for the people.
She was in College last year.
They were engineers at FCI Electronics.
We were chosen for the new project.
Mario and I were in Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas a month ago.

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 69


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 7: AFFIRMATIVE (PAST)


Directions: Write on the blanks the form of the verb to be in past. Write them in Spanish.
EJERCICIO 7. AFIRMATIVA
Direcciones: Escribe en las lineas la forma del verbo to be en pasado. Escribelas en Espaol.

1. Caroline _______was__________ at her Moms house last night.

Spanish: _Caroline estuvo en la casa de su mam anoche_

2. Susan _________________ in a prestige college.

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________________

3. Mr. White and Joe _______________ in Midland two weeks ago.

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________________

4. Mr. Smith ______________ our Geography teacher last semester.

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________________

5. Alicia ______________ in her room all morning.

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________________

6. Concha _____________ in the store last Sunday.

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________________

7. They ________________ talking about money.

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________________

8. Tom and you _____________ the most complicated to train.

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________________

9. John _____________ in his office five minutes ago.

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________________

10. Sam, Fabian, and Servando _____________ in the class yesterday around 5:30 p.m.

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 70


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

4.7 NEGATIVE, QUESTIONS, AND ANSWERS

To create a sentence in the negative form, you write the subject + was/were not + O.
Para crear enunciados negativos, escribes el sujeto was/were not + el complemento.

Negative: S + was/were + not + O

Examples in the past negative.


I was not in Brazil a year ago.
You were not a bad person.
She was not dumb.
They were not engineers at Scientific Atlanta.
John and Pete were not at the airport.
You were not a good basketball player.
We were not playing baseball.
Jesse was not old enough for this game.
Sergio and I were not in the team list.

EXERCISE 8: NEGATIVE
Directions: Write on the blanks the correct form of the verb to be in the past negative form.
Write them in Spanish.
EJERCICIO 8: NEGATIVA.
Direcciones: Escribe en las lineas la forma correcta del verbo to be en el pasado negativo. Escribelas en Espaol.

1. Martha _____was not______ in class yesterday.

Spanish: ___Martha no estuvo en clase ayer.______

2. Susie ___________________ interested in the new job.

Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________

3. They _______________ the winners.

Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________

4. The kitchen ____________________ big.

Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________

5. The documents ____________________ on your desk.

Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________

6. The file cabinet ___________________ in my office.

Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________

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JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

7. My office ________________ properly equipped.

Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________

8. We ________________ running fast enough.

Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________

9. Sandra _______________ in this class.

Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________

10. They ________________ happy.

Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________

11. I ____________________ at the car show this morning.

Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________

12. Tanya, Sonia, and Sandra _____________________ in this company.

Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PREGUNTAS Y RESPUESTAS

To form questions, you place the verb to be before the main subject.
Para formar preguntas, escribes el verbo to be antes del sujeto principal.

Question: Was/Were + S + O?

Questions Answers

Was I? Yes, You were. No, you were not.


Were you? Yes, I was. No, I was not.

He? he he
Was she? Yes, she was. No, she was not
It? it it

We? we we
Were they? Yes, they were. No, they were not.

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 72


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 9: QUESTION
Directions: Write the following sentences in Spanish and change them to questions.
EJERCICIO 9: QUESTION
Direcciones: Escribe las siguientes oraciones en Espaol y cambialas a preguntas.

1. Juan was in class last Thursday.

Spanish: ___Juan estuvo en clase el Jueves pasado.________________________________


Question: _Was Juan in class last Thursday? _____________________________________

2. Sofia was in Europe a month ago.

Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________

Question: ___________________________________________________________________

3. He was a good cop.

Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________

Question: ___________________________________________________________________

4. The boys were running inside the mall.

Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________

Question: ___________________________________________________________________

5. You were in charge of the business.

Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________

Question: ___________________________________________________________________

6. Susie and Cecilia were in this English class long time ago.

Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________

Question: ___________________________________________________________________

7. They were good students.

Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________

Question: ___________________________________________________________________

8. I was their teacher.

Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________

Question: ___________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 73


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

9. I was busy when you called.


Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
Question: ___________________________________________________________________

10. They were preparing their luggage for the trip.


Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
Question: ___________________________________________________________________

11. You and your brother were playing on the street.


Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
Question: ___________________________________________________________________

12. Mary was at her job yesterday.


Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
Question: ___________________________________________________________________

13. Jessica was in this school long time ago.


Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
Question: ___________________________________________________________________

14. She was cooking the beans in the morning.


Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
Question: ___________________________________________________________________

15. All of us from the class were together in Julies apartment.


Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
Question: ___________________________________________________________________

16. All the neighbors in the building were sleeping.


Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
Question: ___________________________________________________________________

17. Every one of us in the party was having fun.


Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
Question: ___________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 74


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

ANSWERS RESPUESTAS

To give an affirmative answer, you write Yes, plus the personal pronoun, plus the verb: be.
Para dar una respuesta afirmativa, escribes Yes, ms el pronombre personal ms el verbo be

Yes, + Pron + was/were.

To give a negative answer, you write: No, plus the personal pronoun, plus be not.
Para dar una respuesta negativa, escribes No, ms el pronombre personal, ms be not.

No, + Pron + was/were + not.


Questions and answers:
Was Pedro in Cancn last year? Yes, he was. No, he was not.
Were Helen and Lola good friends? Yes, they were. No they were not.
Were you in Delicias last weekend? Yes, I was. No, I was not.
Was your friend prepared for the exam? Yes, she was. No, she was not.
Was I your partner in this business? Yes, you were. No, you were not.
Were all the students in Art last semester? Yes, they were. No, they were not.

EXERCISE 10: SHORT ANSWERS.


Directions: Write the answers after each question
EJERCICIO 10: RESPUESTAS CORTAS.
Direcciones: Escribe las respuestas despus de cada pregunta.

1. Was the grammar test hard?

Yes, _______________________ No, it wasnt

2. Was your brother in Junior High last year?

Yes, _______________________ No, _____________________________

3. Was your car painted blue?

Yes, _______________________ No, _____________________________

4. Were your parents in Paris two years ago?

Yes, _______________________ No, _____________________________

5. Was your cousin in town yesterday?

Yes, _______________________ No, _____________________________

6. Were you and Carlos out of town last week?

Yes, _______________________ No, _____________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 75


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

4.8 THE PRESENT AND PAST PROGRESSIVE EL PRESENTE Y PASADO PROGRESIVO

The present and past progressive is form with the verb to be plus an action verb with termination ing.
El presente y pasado progresivo se forma con el verbo to be ms un verbo de accin con terminacin ing.
La terminacin del verbo en accin en Espaol es: ando, endo, indo, etc.

The meaning of the present progressive refers to a situation or event that it is happening at the time that
the speaker is talking. Some of the common phrases to identify the present pregressive are: right now,
at this moment, at this second, and at this very moment.
Formula of the present progressive: S + BE (are-am-is) + V-ing + O
Negative formula of the present progressive: S + BE (are-am-is) + not + V-ing + O
Question formula of the present progressive: (Are-Am-Is) + S + V-ing + O?
El significado del presente progresivo se refiere a una situacin o evento que est sucediendo al tiempo en que la persona est
hablando. Algunas de las frases communes para identificar el presente progresivo son: ahora mismo, en este momento, en
este segundo, en este preciso momento.

The meaning of the past progressive refers to an event or situation that occurred in the past.
El siginificado del pasado progresivo se refiere a un evento o situacin que ocurri en el pasado.

Formula of the past progressive: S + BE (was-were) + V-ing + O


Negative formula of the past progressive: S + BE (was-were) + not + V-ing + O
Question formula of the past progressive: (Was-Were) + S + V-ing + O?
Examples in present progressive:
a) Jos is reading his grammar book.
b) Mara is cooking a delicious meal right now.
c) Juan and Paul are running in the football field.
d) We are preparing the things for the party.
e) Mario is changing the oil of his car right now.
f) Edith is writing some notes on her notebook.
g) They are watching the soccer game at this very moment.
h) My uncle and my aunt are planting flowers in their garden.
Examples in past progressive:
i) Mara was cooking a delicious meal yesterday.
j) Juan and Paul were running in the football field.
k) We were preparing the things for the party.
l) Mario was changing the oil of his car this morning.
m) Edith was writing some notes on her notebook last class.
n) They were watching the soccer game last Sunday.
o) My uncle and my aunt were planting flowers in their garden yesterday morning.
Non-action verbs are not permitted to form the progressive. The verbs marked with *, can be used both
progressive and non-progressive. Next, there is a list of them:
Verbos de no-accin, no son permitidos para formar el progresivo. Los verbos marcador con *, pueden usarse en ambas
formas, progresivo y no-progresivo. En seguida hay una lista de ellos.
remember see know like love own believe exist want forget sound
understand hate posses prefer belong need hear think* have* be*
*These verbs can be either progressive or non-progressive. Estos verbos pueden ser ambos, progresivos y no-progresivos.

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 76


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 11: PRESENT AND PAST PROGRESSIVE


Directions: Write the correct form of the present or past progressive in the blank. Pay attention
to the phrases that refer to the related tense and translate the sentences to Spanish.
EJERCICIO 11: PRESENTE Y PASADO PROGRESIVO
Instrucciones: Escribe la forma correcta del presente o pasado progresivo en los espacios. Pon atencin a las
frases que refieren el tiempo y traduce los enunciados al Espanol.

1. I _am_ _sitting_ (sit) in class right now.


Spanish: Estoy sentado en clase en este momento(ahora mismo/justo ahora).

2. Carlita __________ ____________________ (wear) a white blouse and a blue skirt.


Spanish: ______________________________________

3. The bunnie _____ ________________ (jump) the


rope.
Spanish: _____________________________________
4. We __________ ____________________ (use) the
computer yesterday.
Spanish: _____________________________________

5. Samuel __________ ____________________ (wear) blue jeans and a sweat shirt.


Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

6. He __________ ____________________ (wear) sneakers, white socks, and a wristwatch.


Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

7. Jay __________ ____________________ (stand) in the middle of the room.


Spanish: __________________________________________

8. The monkey __________ ____________________ (paint) a


picture of a clown.
Spanish: __________________________________________

9. They __________ ____________________ (paint) the house


maroon and cream last weekend.
Spanish: __________________________________________

10. Alex __________ ____________________ (sit) in front of the screen.


Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 77


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 12: THE NEGATIVE FORM


Directions: Change the sentences to the negative form and translate the sentences to Spanish.
EJERCICIO 12: LA FORMA NEGATIVA
Instrucciones: Cambia las oraciones a la forma negativa y tradcelas a Espaol.

1. The child is playing with the toys.


Change: The child is not playing with the toys.
Translation: El nio no est jugando con los jugetes.

2. Your sister was playing in class last Tuesday.


Change: _______________________________________________________
Translation: ____________________________________________________

3. Mercy was sleeping all morning today.


Change: _______________________________________________________
Translation: ____________________________________________________

4. Mercy and Stephanie were preparing breakfast for us this morning.


Change: _______________________________________________________
Translation: ____________________________________________________

5. Mario was working on his car yesterday afternoon.


Change: _______________________________________________________
Translation: ____________________________________________________

6. Yessenia is asking a lot of questions.


Change: _______________________________________________________
Translation: ____________________________________________________

7. Elvira is answering all the questions this afternoon today.


Change: _______________________________________________________
Translation: ____________________________________________________

8. Letty is smiling today.


Change: _______________________________________________________
Translation: ____________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 78


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 13: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS


Directions: Write the correct form of the present progressive in the blanks. Answer the questions
in your own words. Fill all the blanks and translate the sentences to Spanish.
EJERCICIO 13: PRESENTE Y PASADO PROGRESIVO
Instrucciones: Escribe la forma correcta del presente o pasado progresivo en los espacios. Pon atencin a las
frases que refieren el tiempo. Llena todos los espacios y traduce los enunciados al Espanol.

1. What _is_ the elephant (do) _doing?

Answer: The elephant is reading the newspaper.

2. What __________ the _______________ (do) ____________________?

Answer: ___________________________________________________________

3. What __________ the _______________ (do) ____________________?

Answer: ___________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 79


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

4. What __________ the _______________ (do) ____________________?

Answer: ___________________________________________________________

5. What __________ the _______________ and the _______________ (do) _______________?

Answer: ___________________________________________________________

6. What __________ the _______________ and the _______________ (do) _______________?

Answer: ___________________________________________________________

7. What __________ the _______________ and the _______________ (do) _______________?

Answer: ___________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 80


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

4.9 THE FUTURE TENSE WITH BE + GOING TO

EL TIEMPO FUTURO CON BE + GOING TO

Pronoun Future Future Spanish


I am going to Yo voy a
You are going to Tu vas (ustedes van) a
He is going to El va a
She is going to Ella va a
It is going to Ese/aquel va a
We are going to Nosotros vamos a
They are going to Ellos/ellas van a

To form the future tense with be + going to, you must write the verb to be in present (am-is-are) after
the subject + the phrase going to + the object or another verb and an object.

Para formar la negacin escribes el sujeto + el verbo to be en presente (am-is-are) + la negacin not + la
frase going to + el objeto (complemento) o otro verbo y un objeto.

Affirmative: Negative:

I I
You You
He He
She (am-is-are) going to She (am-is-are) not going to
It It
We We
They They

Questions Answers

Am I going to? Yes, You are. No, you are not.


Are you going to? Yes, I am. No, I am not.

Is he going to? he he
Is she going to? Yes, she is. No, she is not
Is It going to? it it

Are We going to? we we


Are they going to? Yes, they are. No, they are not.

FORMULAS:
S + be + going to + place
S + be + going to + V-base form + O

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 81


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

Examples: I am going to be in Florida next week. Yo voy a estar en Florida la prxima semana.
I am going to Florida next week. Yo voy a (ir a) Florida la prxima semana.
Thomas is going to go to the airport at 5:00. Thomas va a ir al aeropuerto a las 5:00.
Thomas is going to the airport at 5:00. Thomas va (a ir) al aeropuerto a las 5:00.
Veronica is going to work in this company. Veronica va a trabajar en esta compaia.
Veronica is going to the plant. Veronica va (a ir) a la planta.
We are going to dance in the wedding. Nosotros vamos a bailar en la boda.
We are going to the wedding. Nosotros vamos a (ir) la boda.

EXERCISE 14: THE FUTURE AFFIRMATIVE


Directions: Write the verb to be in the future tense and translate the sentences to Spanish.
EJERCICIO 14: EL FUTURO AFIRMATIVO.
Direcciones: Escribe el verbo to be en el tiempo futuro y traduce las oraciones en Espaol.

1. All Students (be) ______are going to be______ in the next level next semester.
Spanish: Todos los estudiantes van a estar en el siguiente nivel el semester que viene.

2. They (be) _______________________________ working for a good company.


Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

3. She (be) _______________________________ in the evening news.


Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

4. He _______________________________ (be) upset when he hears the news.


Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

5. It _______________________________ (be) all right if you bring the paper plates and glasses to the
party this Saturday.
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

6. We _______________________________ (be) at the park this evening.


Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

7. They _____________________________ (be) in the cafeteria.


Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

8. Juan and Luis _____________________________ (be) running in the Gym.


Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 82


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

4.10 THE NEGATIVE, QUESTIONS, AND ANSWERS

To form the negative form you write the verb the subject + the verb to be in present (am-is-are) + the
negative not + the phrase going to + the object or another verb and an object.
Para forma el tiempo futuro con be + going to, tienes que escribir el verbo to be en presente (am-is-are)
despus del sujecto + la frase going to + y el objeto (complemento) o otro verbo y un objeto.
FORMULAS:
S + be + not + going to + place or S + be + not + going to + V-base form + O

Examples: I am going to be in Florida next week. Yo voy a estar en Florida la prxima semana.
I am not going to be in Florida next week. Yo no voy a estar en Florida la prxima semana.
Thomas is going to the airport at 5:00. Thomas va a ir al aeropuerto a las 5:00.
Thomas is not going to the airport at 5:00. Thomas no va a ir al aeropuerto a las 5:00.
Veronica is going to work tomorrow. Veronica va a trabajar maana.
Veronica is not going to work tomorrow. Veronica no va a trabajar maana.
We are going to dance at the wedding. Nosotros vamos a bailar en la boda.
We are not going to dance at the wedding. Nosotros no vamos a bailar en la boda.

EXERCISE 15: THE NEGATIVE FORM


Directions: Write the future of be in affirmative, and then in negative. Use be going to be, and translate
them to Spanish in the two forms.
EJERCICIO 15: LA FORMA NEGATIVA
Direcciones: Escribe el futuro de be en afirmativo, luego en negativo. Usa be going to be y traducelas al Espaol
en sus dos formas.

1. Jos Luis ___ is going to be _____ here today.


Spanish: ______Jos Luis va a estar aqu hoy. ____________________________
Negative: _____Jose Luis is not going to be here today _____________________
Spanish: ______Jos Luis no va a estar aqu hoy. _________________________

2. She _______________________________ in the party tonight.


Spanish: _______________________________________________________________
Negative: _____________________________________________________________
Spanish: _______________________________________________________________

3. You _______________________________ the supervisor for the second shift.


Spanish: _______________________________________________________________
Negative: _____________________________________________________________
Spanish: _______________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 83


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

4. All of us, _______________________________ be bilingual if we do our homework.


Spanish: _______________________________________________________________
Negative: ____________________________________ be bilingual if we dont do our homework.
Spanish: _______________________________________________________________

5. The meat _______________________________ ready in three hours.


Spanish: _______________________________________________________________
Negative: _____________________________________________________________
Spanish: _______________________________________________________________

6. The test _______________________________ easy if you study.


Spanish: _______________________________________________________________
Negative: _________________________________________ if you dont study.
Spanish: _______________________________________________________________

7. The house _______________________________ locked when you come back from work.
Spanish: _______________________________________________________________
Negative: _____________________________________________________________
Spanish: _______________________________________________________________

8. Aunt Lily _______________________________ here tomorrow afternoon.


Spanish: _______________________________________________________________
Negative: _____________________________________________________________
Spanish: _______________________________________________________________

9. Phillips _______________________________ in Zacatecas this evening.


Spanish: _______________________________________________________________
Negative: _____________________________________________________________
Spanish: _______________________________________________________________

10. Gracie _______________________________ at work tomorrow.


Spanish: _______________________________________________________________
Negative: _____________________________________________________________
Spanish: _______________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 84


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 16: THE QUESTION FORM


Directions: Use be + going to and the verb to be in its question form. Write them in Spanish.
EJERCICIO 16: LA FORMA DE PREGUNTA
Direcciones: Usa be + going to y el verbo to be en pregunta. Escribelas en Espaol.

1. All the students are going to be in college next year.

Spanish: __Todos los estudiantes van a estar en el colegio el prximo ao__

Question: __Are all the students going to be in college next year?____________

2. They _______________________________ working as engineers for the next six months.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________________

Question: _________________________________________________________________

3. He _______________________________ studying during his vacations.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________________

Question: _________________________________________________________________

4. We _______________________________ at your house about 9:00 oclock tonight.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________________

Question: _________________________________________________________________

5. We _______________________________ the owners of this property.

Spanish: _________________________________________________________________

Question: _________________________________________________________________

6. He _______________________________ the supervisor.

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________

Question: _________________________________________________________________

7. The lawyer _______________________________ in court for your case.

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________

Question: _________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 85


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

THE ANSWERS LAS RESPUESTAS

To give the short answers you write: Yes/No, plus the personal pronoun, plus the auxiliary.
Para dar respuestas cortas escribes: Yes/No, mas el pronombre personal, mas el auxiliar.

Answers: Yes, + Pron + be. No, + Pron + be not

Examples: Are you going to be in class next week?


Yes, I am. No, I am not. No, Im not.

Is Cecilia going to be a doctor soon?


Yes, she is. No, she is not.

Are Mark and Jane going to be in Odessa this weekend?


Yes, they are. No, they are not. No, theryre not they arent.

EXERCISE 17: ANSWERS


Directions: Write the following sentences in Spanish and give answers.
EJERCICIO 17: PREGUNTAS
Direcciones: Escribe las siguientes oraciones en Espaol y da las respuestas.

1. Is Helen going to be in this school next semester?


Spanish: Va a estar Helen en esta escuela el prximo semestre?
Answers: Yes, she is. / No, she is not. / No, shes not. / No, she isnt.

2. Are they going to be in college next semester?


Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
Answers: ___________________________________________________________________

3. Is Karla going to be bilingual soon?


Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
Answers: ___________________________________________________________________

4. Am I going to be your partner in this team?


Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
Answers: ___________________________________________________________________

5. Are we going to be in level 2 next semester?


Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
Answers: ___________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 86


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

THE FUTURE TIME WITH BE + GOING TO AND OTHER VERBS


EL TIEMPO FUTURO CON BE GOING TO Y OTROS VERBOS

EXERCISE 18: THE FUTURE: OTHER VERBS


Directions: Write the following sentences in future as indicated. Use the verbs in parentheses. Write
them in Spanish.
EJERCICIO 18: EL FUTURO: OTROS VERBOS
Direcciones: Escribe las siguientes oraciones en futuro como se indica. Usa los verbos en parntesis. Escrbelas en
Espaol.

OPTIONAL

1. Angel and I ___are going to go____ (go) to the seconds this morning.
Spanish: ___Angel y yo vamos a ir a las segundas sta maana.___
Negative: ___Angel and I are not going to go to the seconds this morning.___
Question: ___Are Angel and you going to go to the seconds this morning?_____
Answers: ___Yes, we are___ ___No, we are not__

2. We _______________________________ (buy) some movies for my wife.

Spanish: ________________________________________________________________

Negative: ________________________________________________________________

Question: ________________________________________________________________

Answers: _______________________ ____________________________________

3. My daughter _____________________________________ (stay) home all day.

Spanish: ________________________________________________________________

Negative: ________________________________________________________________

Question: ________________________________________________________________

Answers: _______________________ ____________________________________

4. I ____________________________________ (take) the Van because its running fine.

Spanish: ________________________________________________________________

Negative: __________________________________take the Van because its broken.

Question: ________________________________________________________________

Answers: _______________________ ____________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 87


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

5. The computer ____________________________________ (check) the spelling of your letter.


Spanish: ________________________________________________________________
Negative: ________________________________________________________________
Question: ________________________________________________________________
Answers: _______________________ ____________________________________

6. The food ___________________________________ (be) ready in a few minutes.


Spanish: ________________________________________________________________
Negative: ________________________________________________________________
Question: ________________________________________________________________
Answers: _______________________ ____________________________________

7. Everybody ___________________________________ (eat) in 20 minutes.


Spanish: ________________________________________________________________
Negative: ________________________________________________________________
Question: ________________________________________________________________
Answers: _______________________ ____________________________________

8. The livingroom _______________________________ (be) painted orange.


Spanish: ________________________________________________________________
Negative: ________________________________________________________________
Question: ________________________________________________________________
Answers: _______________________ ____________________________________

9. I ____________________________ (go) to the store and ____________________________ (buy)


some groceries for us.
Spanish: ________________________________________________________________
Negative: ________________________________________________________________
Question: ________________________________________________________________

Answers: _______________________ ____________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 88


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

4.11 CONTRACTED VERB-PHRASES FRASES ABREVIADAS

Contracted phrases are shorter than normal phrases, and they are used very commonly.
Las frases abreviadas son ms cortas que las normales y su uso es ms comn.

To be in present To be negative To be past negative


I am Im I am not Im not I was not I wasnt
You are youre You are not youre not or you arent You were not you werent
He is hes He is not hes not or he isnt He was not he wasnt
She is shes She is not shes not or she isnt She was not she wasnt
It is its It is not its not or it isnt It was not it wasnt
We are were We are not were not or we arent We were not we werent
They are theyre They are not theyre not or they arent They were not they werent

Present affirmative: Present negative:


I am a teacher = Im a teacher. I am not a technician = Im not a technician.
He is your brother = hes your brother. You are not the leader = youre not/you arent the leader.
It is a component = its a component. He is not your brother = hes not (he isnt) your brother.
They are good = theyre good. Mary is not my sister = Marys not (Mary isnt) my sister.
You are the leader = youre the leader. It is not a flashlight = its not (it isnt) a flashlight.
Mary is my sister = Marys my sister. We are not operators = were not (we arent) operators.
We are operators = were operators. They are not good = theyre not (they arent) good.

Past negative: I was not a teacher. I wasnt a teacher.


You were not the leader. You werent the leader.
He was not your brother. He wasnt your brother.
Mary was not my sister. Mary wasnt my sister.
It is not a component. It wasnt a component.
We were not operators. We werent operators.
They were not bad people. They werent bad people.

EXERCISE 19: CONTRACTED VERB-PHRASES


Directions: Write the following sentences with the contracted form.
EJERCICIO 19: ABREVIATURAS DE LAS FRASES Y VERBOS.
Direcciones: Escriba la forma abreviada de las siguientes oraciones.

1. She is the Biology teacher.

Contracted: _______Shes the Biology teacher. _____________________________

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________

2. They are waiting for us.

Contracted: ___________________________________________________________

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 89


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

3. Susie is very busy.

Contracted: ___________________________________________________________

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________

4. It is raining so hard today.

Contracted: __________________________________________________________

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________

5. We are planning to go to Morelia on August.

Contracted: __________________________________________________________

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________

6. They are not going to the Zoo.

Contracted: __________________________________________________________

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________

7. I was not in the classroom two hours ago.

Contracted: __________________________________________________________

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________

8. Patty is not busy right now.

Contracted: __________________________________________________________

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________

9. She is the coordinator.

Contracted: __________________________________________________________

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________

10. John is my cousin.

Contracted: __________________________________________________________

Spanish: ____________________________________________________________

END OF LESSON 4

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 90


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

Lesson 5
Demonstrative Pronouns:
this/that these/those
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS

5.1 THE USE OF THIS & THAT


The meaning of this in Spanish is: este, esta esto (singular)
El significado de this en Espaol es: este, esta esto (singular)

The speaker uses this/these when he/she is talking about a thing that is near to him/her.
El que habla (conferenciante) usa this/these cuando est hablando de una cosa que est cerca de l/ella.

This chair sta silla that chair esa / aquella silla


This table sta mesa that table esa / aquella mesa
This desk ste escritorio that desk ese / aquel escritorio
This office sta oficina that office esa / aquella oficina
This book ste libro that book ese / aquel libro
This pen sta pluma that pen esa / aquella pluma (bolgrafo)
This apple sta manzana that apple esa / aquella manzana

Most of the time, this, that, and their plurals are commonly followed by the verb to be in present (is),
and past (was).

La mayora del tiempo, this, that, y sus formas plurales son comunmente seguidos por el verbo to be en presente (is), y en
pasado (was).

This book = the book is near me That book = the book is not near me

This book is mine That book is yours

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 91


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

SINGULAR + SINGULAR + SINGULARE + SINGULAR SINGULAR + SINGULAR + SINGULARE + SINGULAR


PRONOUN VERB ARTICLE NOUN PRONOUN VERB ARTICLE NOUN
This + is + a + house that + is + a + house

This is a chair sta es una silla That is a chair esa / aquella es una silla.
This is a table sta es una mesa That is a table esa / aquella es una mesa.
This is a desk ste es un escritorio That is a desk ese / aquel es un escritorio.
This is an office sta es una oficina That is an office esa / aquella es una oficina.
This is a book ste es un libro That is a book ese / aquel es un libro.
This is a blue pen sta es una pluma azul That is a blue pen esa aquella es una pluma azul.
This is an apple sta es una manzana That is an apple esa / aquella es una manzana.

5.2 THE NEGATIVE FORM LA FORMA NEGATIVA

To create negative sentences with this/that, remember to write the negation not after the auxiliary verb
be (is) or do (does). In this case is be.
Para crear oraciones negativas con this/that, recuerda que se escribe la negacin not en seguida del verbo auxiliar be o do.
En ste caso es be.

SINGULAR + SINGULAR + SINGULAR + SINGULAR SINGULAR + SINGULAR + SINGULAR + SINGULAR


PRONOUN VERB ARTICLE NOUN PRONOUN VERB ARTICLE NOUN
This + is not + a + house that + is not + a + house

This is not a chair sta no es una silla. That is not a chair esa / aquella no es una silla.
This is not a table sta no es una mesa. That is not a table esa / aquella no es una mesa.
This is not a desk ste no es un escritorio. That is not a desk ese / aquel no es un escritorio.
This is not an apple sta no es una manzana. That is not an apple esa / aquella no es una manzana.
This is not a radio ste no es un radio. That is not a radio ese / aquel no es un radio.

In cases when the noun-subject follows this/that, you also write the negation not after the auxiliary
verbs be (is) or do (does).
En cases donde el sustantivo-sujeto sigue this/that, tambin escribes la negacin not en seguida del verbo auxiliar be (is) o
do (does).

SINGULAR SINGULAR SINGULAR OBJECT


PRONOUN NOUN VERB NOUNS & ADJECTIVES
This + house-car-etc + is-has-looks-etc + big-doors-beautiful- etc

This house is not big. Esta casa no es grande.


This car does not have five doors. Este carro no tiene 5 puestas.
This TV does not look big. Esta televisin no se ve grande.
This radio does not need repairs. Este radio no necesita reparaciones.
This grass is not green. Este pasto/sacate no est verde.

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 92


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 1: USING: THIS/THAT


Directions: Write on the lines this is in the first blank, and that is in the negative form. Also
write them in Spanish.
EJERCICIO 1: USANDO: THIS/THAT
Direcciones: Escribe en las lineas this is en el primer espacio y that is en la forma negativa. Tambien escrbelas en
Espaol.

Example: Whats this: (tree)? Answer: This is a tree. That is a tree.


1: (Bus) ________________________________ 2: (House) ____________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________
Negative: __________________________________ ______________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________

3: (movie) ______________________________ 4: (Photo) ______________________________


Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________
Negative: __________________________________ ______________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________

5: (Orange) _____________________________ 6: (Hotel) ______________________________


Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________
Negative: __________________________________ ______________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________

7: (Chair) ______________________________ 8: (Book) ______________________________


Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________
Negative: __________________________________ ______________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________

9: (Car) ________________________________ 10: (Pen) ______________________________


Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________
Negative: __________________________________ ______________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________

11: (Computer) __________________________ 12: (Horse) ____________________________


Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________
Negative: __________________________________ ______________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 93


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

5.3 THE USE OF THESE & THOSE THE PLURAL FORM LA FORMA PLURAL

The speaker uses these or those plus a noun in plural, when he/she is talking about things that are near
him/her.
El que habla (conferenciante) usa these o those y un sustantivo en plural cuando est hablando de cosas que estn cerca de
l/ella.
Singular Plural
Este (a) esto this these estos (as)
Ese (a), eso, aquel (lla) that those esos (as), aquellos (as)
Es, est is are son, estn
No es / no est is not are not no son / no estn

The verb to be in present.

These chairs stas sillas those chairs esas / aquellas sillas


These tables stas mesas those tables esas / aquellas mesas
These apples stas manzanas those apples esas / aquellas manzanas
These oranges stas naranjas those oranges esas / aquellas naranjas

Most of the time, these, those, and their plurals are commonly followed by the verb to be in present
(are), and past (were).
La mayora del tiempo, this, that, y sus formas plurales son comunmente seguidos por el verbo to be en presente (are), y en
pasado (were).
PLURAL PLURAL PLURAL PLURAL
PRONOUN VERB PARTICLE NOUN
These/Those + are + two-five-some + cars radios desks TVs
many a lot of * houses apples oranges etc.
These are the chairs for the conference room. Estas son las sillas para la sala de conferencias.
Those are a lot of tables. Esas son muchas mesas.
Those are many files. Esos son muchos archivos.
These are some lessons for the class. Estas son algunas lecciomes para la clase.
These are the new articles. Estos son los artculos nuevos.
These are 15 questions. Estas son 15 preguntas.
Those are the new people for this line. Esas son las personas nuevas para esta lnea.
SINGULAR AND PLURAL OF THAT/THOSE
Affirmative: Negative: Question: Answers:
That is a table. That isnt a table. Is that a table? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.
That is a bedroom. Thats not a bedroom. Is that a bedroom? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.
That is a tree. Thats not a tree. Is that a tree? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.
Thats a building. Thats not a building. Is that a building? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.
Those are tables. Those arent tables Are those tables? Yes, they are. No, they arent.
Those are bees. Those arent bees. Are those bees? Yes, they are. No, they arent.
Those are chairs. Those arent chairs. Are those chairs? Yes, they are. No, they arent.
*Meanings: = nothing (nada) some = algunos algunas algo algo de
many = muchos (as) a lot of = mucho mucha muchos muchas

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 94


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 2: USING: THESE/THOSE


Directions: Write on the lines these are in the first blank, and those are in the negative form.
Also write them in Spanish.
EJERCICIO 2: USANDO: THESE/THOSE
Direcciones: Escribe en las lineas these are en el primer espacio y those are en la forma negativa. Tambien
escrbelas en Espaol.

Example: What are these (trees)? Answer: These are trees. Those are trees.
1: (pencils) __________________________ 2: (horses) ____________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________
Negative: __________________________________ ______________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________

3: (movies) __________________________ 4: (photos) _____________________________


Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________
Negative: __________________________________ ______________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________

5: (oranges) _________________________ 6: (beds) _______________________________


Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________
Negative: __________________________________ ______________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________

7: (tables) ___________________________ 8: (notes) ______________________________


Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________
Negative: __________________________________ ______________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________

9: (cartoons) ________________________ 10: (pins) ______________________________


Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________
Negative: __________________________________ ______________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________

11: (computers) ______________________ 12: (houses) ___________________________


Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________
Negative: __________________________________ ______________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________ ______________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 95


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 3: USING: THIS-THESE/THAT-THOSE


Directions: Complete the sentences. Use the words in parentheses and translate the sentences to
Spanish. .
EJERCICIO 3: USANDO: THIS-THESE/THAT-THOSE
Direcciones: Completa las oraciones. Usa las palabras del parntesis y traduce las a Espaol.

1. (This/These) These books belong to me. (That/Those) That book belongs to Kate.
Translation: __________________________________________________________________

2. (This/These) ____________ coat is black. (That/Those) ____________ coats are tan.


Translation: __________________________________________________________________

3. (This/These) ____________ earrings are gold. (That/Those) ____________ earrings are silver.
Translation: __________________________________________________________________

4. (This/These) __________ pencil belongs to Angel. (That/Those) _________ pencil belongs to Alex.
Translation: __________________________________________________________________

5. (This/These) ____________ words are easy to understand, but (That/Those) ____________ words on
the board are hard.
Translation: __________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

6. (This/These) ____________ sunglasses belong to me. (That/Those) ____________ sunglasses


belong to you.
Translation: __________________________________________________________________

7. (This/These) ____________ exercise is easy. (That/Those) ____________ exercises on the board are
very difficult.
Translation: __________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

8. Some students are sitting on (This/These) ____________ chairs, but (That/Those) ____________
chairs are empty.
Translation: __________________________________________________________________

9. (This/These) ____________ grammar book on my desk belongs to Elvira, but (That/Those)


____________ book on ____________ table belongs to Tere.
Translation: __________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 96


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

5.4 THE QUESTION FORM LA FORMA DE PREGUNTA

EXERCISE 4: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS


Directions: Write this, that, these, or those on the lines. Also write them in Spanish, questions,
and answers.
EJERCICIO 4: PREGUNTAS Y RESPUESTAS
Direcciones: Escriba this, that, these, o those sobre las lineas. Tambien escrbelas en Espaol, en preguntas y
respuestas.

1. ___________________ a big house.


Spanish: ________________________________________________________
Question: _______________________________________________________
Answers: _____________________ _______________________________

2. ______________ two cars __________ for sale.


PRONOUN VERB TO BE

Spanish: ________________________________________________________
Question: _______________________________________________________
Answers: _____________________ _______________________________

3. _______________ pencils __________ for the students.


PRONOUN VERB TO BE

Spanish: ________________________________________________________
Question: _______________________________________________________
Answers: _____________________ _______________________________

4. ___________________ the first book for beginners level I.


Spanish: ________________________________________________________
Question: _______________________________________________________
Answers: _____________________ _______________________________

5. ___________________ a good lesson.


Spanish: ________________________________________________________
Question: _______________________________________________________
Answers: _____________________ _______________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 97


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 5: THAT AND THOSE


Directions: Write that or those on the lines. Also write them in Spanish and negative.
EJERCICIO 5: THAT Y THOSE
Direcciones: Escriba that o those en las lineas. Tambien escribelas en Espaol y negacin.

1. ___________________ an apple.
Negative: _______________________________________________________
Spanish: ________________________________________________________
2. ___________________ a dozen of eggs.
Negative: _______________________________________________________
Spanish: ________________________________________________________

3. ___________________ the pencils for you.

Negative: _______________________________________________________

Spanish: ________________________________________________________

4. ___________________ books are for the students.

Negative: _______________________________________________________

Spanish: ________________________________________________________

5. ___________________ papers are for your boss.

Negative: _______________________________________________________

Spanish: ________________________________________________________

6. ___________________ car is for you.

Negative: _______________________________________________________

Spanish: ________________________________________________________

7. ___________________ desk is for the teacher.

Negative: _______________________________________________________

Spanish: ________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 98


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 6: THE USE OF THIS AND THESE


Directions: Change the following sentences. If the sentence is in singular (this), change it to
plural (these) or vice-versa. Change the verb to be and everything else as necessary.
EJERCICIO 6: EL USO DE THIS Y THESE
Direcciones: Cambia las siguientes oraciones. Si est en singular (this), cambiala a plural (these), o vice versa.
Cambia el verbo to be y todo lo dems que sea necesario.

NOTE: When you change sentences or phrases from singular to plural or vice verse, you need to
change the verb and all other words that need to be changed in order to have the whole sentence in
agreement and common sense.
NOTA: Cuando cambies enunciados o frases de singular a plural o vice versa, necesitas cambiar el
verbo y cualquier otra palabra que sea necesario cambiar para que la oracin tenga armonia y
sentido comn.
Example: (singular) This is my book. (plural) These are my books.

1. These apples are expensive.


Change form: _________________________________________________________________

2. This is a good marker.


Change form: _________________________________________________________________

3. I want this car for my son.


Change form: _________________________________________________________________

4. Miguel placed these boxes in those rooms.


Change form: _________________________________________________________________

5. These are some lessons for all of you.


Change form: _________________________________________________________________

6. Daniel took that package to the post office.


Change form: _________________________________________________________________

7. This is a truck.
Change form: _________________________________________________________________

8. Those are a lot of trucks.


Change form: _________________________________________________________________

9. That is a new TV set.


Change form: _________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 99


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 7: THE USE OF: THAT AND THOSE


Directions: Translate all sentences to Spanish. Change them to their singular or plural form,
whatever the case is. Convert them to their negative form. Change them to questions and give the
short answers.
EJERCICIO 7: EL USO DE: THAT Y THOSE
Direcciones: Traduce todas las oraciones al Espaol. Cambialas a la forma singular o plural, cualquiera que sea el
caso. Convirtelas a su forma negativa. Cmbialas a preguntas y da las respuestas cortas.

1. Those connections are difficult to do.


Spanish: _____Esas conecciones son dificiles de hacer _________
Change form: _____That connection is difficult to do_______________
Negative: _____That connection is not difficult to do____________
Question: _____Is that connection difficult to do? ___ _________
Answers: _____Yes, it is. No, it isnt ______________
2. That glass is too thin.
Spanish: ________________________________________________
Change form: ________________________________________________
Negative: ________________________________________________
Question: ________________________________________________
Answers: ________________________________________________
3. That is a new car.
Spanish: ________________________________________________
Change form: ________________________________________________
Negative: ________________________________________________
Question: ________________________________________________
Answers: ________________________________________________
4. Those children are playing basketball outside.
Spanish: ________________________________________________
Change form: ________________________________________________
Negative: ________________________________________________
Question: ________________________________________________
Answers: ________________________________________________
5. Those are the new workers.
Spanish: ________________________________________________
Change form: ________________________________________________
Negative: ________________________________________________
Question: ________________________________________________
Answers: ________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 100


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

5.5 THE PAST TENSE OF THIS and THAT

In this case, the verb to be is the one that shows the time of the sentences.

Meanings of this, these, that, and those.

Singular Plural
Este (a) esto this these estos (as)
Ese (a), eso, aquel (lla) that those esos (as), aquellos (llas)
Era, estaba was were eran, estaban

The verb to be in past

In a), b), c), and d), the verb is in the past time singular and negative forms.
In e), f), g), and h), the verb is the past time, plural, and negative, forms.
a) This was a good present.
b) Was this a good present? Yes, it was. No, it was not / wasnt.
c) This wasnt a good present.
d) That was a good present.
e) Was that a good present? Yes, it was. No, it was not / wasnt.
f) That wasnt a good present.
g) These were good presents.
h) Were these good presents? Yes, they were. No, they were not / werent.
i) These werent good presents.
j) Those were good presents.
k) Were those good presents? Yes, they were. No, they were not / werent.
l) Those werent good presents.

EXAMPLES: EJEMPLOS:

Affirmative: Negative: Question: Answers:


That was a broom. That was not a broom. Was that a broom? Yes, it was. No, it wasnt.
That was a tree. That was not a tree. Was that a tree? Yes, it was. No, it wasnt.
That was a desk. That was not a desk. Was that a desk? Yes, it was. No, it wasnt.
Those were bees. Those werent bees. Were those bees? Yes, they were. No, they werent.
Those were apples. Those werent apples. Were those apples? Yes, they were. No, they werent.
Those were chairs. Those werent chairs. Were those chairs? Yes, they were. No, they werent.
These formulas may be useful when answering the following exercises:
Estas formulas pueden ser tiles cuando contestes los siguientes ejercicios:
PRESENT TENSE PRESENT TENSE
SINGULAR + SINGULAR PLURAL + PLURAL SINGULAR + NOUN + SINGULAR PLURAL + NOUN + PLURAL
this + is these + are this + table + is this + tables + are
PAST TENSE PAST TENSE
SINGULAR + SINGULAR PLURAL + PLURAL SINGULAR + NOUN + SINGULAR PLURAL + NOUN + PLURAL
this + was these + were this + table + was this + tables + were

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 101


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

5.6 NEGATIVE AND QUESTION FORMS FORFORMAS NEGATIVAS Y PREGUNTAS

EXERCISE 8: THE USE OF: THIS AND THAT IN THE PAST


Directions: Translate the following sentences to Spanish. Change them to the past time.
Translate them again. Convert them to their negative form. Change them to questions and give
short answers.
EXERCISE 8: EL USO DE: THIS Y THAT EN EL PASADO
Direcciones: Tranduce los siguientes enunciados al Espaol. Cambialos al tiempo pasado. Traducelos otra vez.
Convirtelos a la forma negativa. Cambialos a preguntas y da las respuestas cortas.

1. This is a new project.


Spanish: ____Este es un proyecto nuevo_______
Past: _____This was a new project__________
Spanish: ___Este era (o fue) un proyecto nuevo_
Negative: __This wasnt a new project________
Question: __Was this a new project? _________
Answers: __Yes, it was___ __No, it wasnt__

2. That light is broken.


Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________
Past: _____________________________________________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
Negative: __________________________________________________________________
Question: __________________________________________________________________
Answers: _________________________ ______________________________________

3. This car is old.


Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________
Past: _____________________________________________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
Negative: __________________________________________________________________
Question: __________________________________________________________________
Answers: _________________________ ______________________________________

4. That woman is tall.


Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________
Past: _____________________________________________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
Negative: __________________________________________________________________
Question: __________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 102


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

5. Those cars are playing races.


Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________
Past: _____________________________________________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
Negative: __________________________________________________________________
Question: __________________________________________________________________
Answers: _________________________ ______________________________________
6. These photos are clear.
Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________
Past: _____________________________________________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
Negative: __________________________________________________________________
Question: __________________________________________________________________
Answers: _________________________ ______________________________________
7. Thats a nice ring.
Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________
Past: _____________________________________________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
Negative: __________________________________________________________________
Question: __________________________________________________________________
Answers: _________________________ ______________________________________
8. This is your book.
Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________
Past: _____________________________________________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
Negative: __________________________________________________________________
Question: __________________________________________________________________
Answers: _________________________ ______________________________________

END OF LESSON 5

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 103


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

Lesson 6
The Existance of Things:
There is / There are
6.1 THE USE OF: THERE IS AND THERE ARE EL USO DE HAY (SINGULAR Y PLURAL)

The meaning of There is in Spanish is: Hay (de haber en singular)


As in this and that, the verb to be is used with there in present and past.
Como en this y that, el verbo to be se usa con there en presente y pasado.

SINGULAR FORM
SINGULAR SINGULARE COMPLEMENT - SINGULAR
SINGULAR VERB ARTICLE NOUN AND ADJECTIVES
There + is + a / an / one / 1 + nice house for sale at the corner of the street.
ADJ N

There is a nice house for sale at the corner. Hay una casa bonita en venta en la esquina.
There is a chair you can use to sit down. Hay una silla que puedes usar para sentarte.
There is one bread on the table. Hay un pan en la mesa.
There is a blue car outside the house. Is it yours? Hay un carro azul en frente de la casa. Es tuyo?
There is a computer left for this project. Hay una computadora sobrante para ste proyecto.
There is an old woman crossing the street. Hay una ancianita cruzando la calle.
There is an orange box with new scissors. Hay una caja anaranjada con tijeras.

PLURAL FORM
PLURAL PLURAL COMPLEMENT - PLURAL
PLURAL VERB PARTICLE NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
There + are + two-five-some + cars radios desks TVs
many a lot of * houses apples oranges etc.
There are some nice houses for sale at the corner. Hay algunas casas bonitas en venta en la esquina.
There are many chairs you can use to sit down. Hay muchas sillas que puedes usar para sentarte.
There are candies on the table. Hay dulces en la mesa.
There are blue cars in the Lincoln showroom. Hay carros azules en la sala de exibicin de Lincoln
There are a lot of computers left for this project. Quedan muchas computadoras para ste proyecto.
There are many people crossing the street. Hay muchos ancianitos cruzando la calle.
There are some bananas and apples in this basket. Hay algunos pltanos y manzanas en esta canasta.
* means = nothing El cero significa que nada va en el espacio

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 104


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

THE NEGATIVE FORM ORACIONES NEGATIVAS

The negative form is created by placing the negation not/no after the auxiliary. Most of the time, the
word any is used after the negation not in plural. In this case, the auxiliary verb be will be used.
La forma negative es creada colocando la negacin not/no en seguida del auxiliar. La mayora del tiempo, la palabra any es
usada despus de la negacin not en plural. En ste caso, el verbo auxiliar to be sera usado.

The word no is commonly used for negative sentences in informal speech. The word no is used after
the verb. Negations not and no are not supposed to be used together.
La palabra no es comunmente usada para oraciones negativas en habla informal. La palabra no se usa despu del verbo.
Las negaciones not y no nunca van juntas.

PLURAL PLURAL COMPLEMENT - PLURAL


PLURAL VERB NEGATION PARTICLE NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
There + is/are/was/were + not + a/an/one/two/five + cars / radios / desks / TVs
some/many/a lot of + houses / apples / oranges / etc.

There arent any nice houses for sale. No hay casas bonitas en venta.
There isnt any more sugar for the coffee. Ya no hay (no hay ms) azucar para el caf.
There is no more bread on the table. Ya no hay pan en la mesa.
There arent any DVDs for sale in Best Buy. No hay ni un DVD en venta in BestBuy.
There are no more items for this meeting. No hay ms artculos para esta junta.
There arent any chairs or tables for that room. No hay ninguna silla o mesas para esa sala.
There arent pictures in this album. No hay fotos en este album.
There isnt a chair that match our table. No hay una silla que combine con nuestra mesa.

Singular Plural
Es is are son
Era was were eran
Hay (singular) there is there are Hay (plural)
No hay (singular) there is not there are not No hay (plural)
Haba (singular) there was there were Habia (plural)
No haba (singular) there was not there were not No habia (plural)

EXERCISE 1: THERE IS THERE ARE


Instructions: Write in the blanks there is or there are. Translate the sentences to Spanish and
write them in their negative form.
EXERCISE 1: THERE IS THERE ARE
Instrucciones: Escribe en los espacios there is o there are. Traduce los enunciados al Espaol y escrbelos en su
forma negaativa.

1. There is a spot on that wall.


Spanish: Hay una mancha en esa pared.
Negative: There isnt a spot on that wall.

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 105


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

2. ________________________ an orange on the table.

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________

Negative: _____________________________________________________________

3. ________________________ different models of houses in this neighborhood.

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________

Negative: _____________________________________________________________

4. In my back yard ________________________ a cat and a dog.

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________

Negative: _____________________________________________________________

5. In the conference room ________________________ two tables and twenty chairs.

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________

Negative: _____________________________________________________________

6. ___________________________ only one store in this ranch.

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________

Negative: _____________________________________________________________

7. ___________________________ five different kinds of schools that you can go.

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________

Negative: _____________________________________________________________

8. ___________________________ two coins in the little box.

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________

Negative: _____________________________________________________________

9. ___________________________ a good book in the shelf.

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________

Negative: _____________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 106


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

6.2 THE QUESTION AND ANSWER FORMS PREGUNTAS Y RESPUESTAS

Examples of questions and answers: (singular and plural).

Is there a good movie on TV right now? Yes, there is. No, there isnt.
Are there good shows at the movies? Yes, there are. No, there arent
Is there a chair in the other room? Yes, there is one. No, there isnt any.
Are there some tools I can use? Yes, there are some. No, there arent any.
Is there a video camera in that store? Yes, there is one. No, there isnt any.

EXERCISE 2: THERE IS THERE ARE


Instructions: Write in the blanks there is or there are as questions and give the short answers.
EXERCISE 2. THERE IS THERE ARE
Instrucciones: Escribe en los espacios there is o there are como preguntas y da las respuestas cortas.

1. _______Is there_________________ a picture on the wall?

Answers: ___Yes, there is___________ _______No, there is not________________

2. ________________________ an orange on that table?

Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________

3. ________________________ different models of houses?

Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________

4. ________________________ a cat and a dog in my back yard?

Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________

5. ________________________ two tables and twenty chairs in the conference room?

Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________

6. __________________ a nice car in front of your house?

Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________

7. _______________________ two computers on sale in Best Buy store?

Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________

8. _______________________ a nice movie at the movie theatre?

Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 107


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

9. _______________________ a coat for me in this house? Im cold.

Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________

10. _______________________ enough drinks for party tonight?

Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________

11. _______________________ a problem with these papers?

Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________

12. _______________________ a red chair in this conference-room?

Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________

13. _______________________ two boards in this room?

Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________

14. _______________________ six hundred employees in this company?

Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________

15. _______________________ a train to Portland?

Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________

16. _______________________ a plane to Cancun for this afternoon?

Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________

17. _______________________ five, or six sizes of bowls?

Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________

18. _______________________ good shoes at the shoe store?

Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________

19. _______________________ a chance to win the game?

Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________

20. _______________________ any new bags in the warehouse?

Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 108


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

6.3 THE PAST TENSE: THERE WAS and THERE WERE

You write was / were to make sentence in past.

Se escribe was / were para hacer oraciones en pasado.

Verb to be
There was haba past time (singular)
There were haba past time (plural)

In a) and b), the verb is in the past time singular, and negative forms.
In c) and d), the verb is the past time plural, and negative, forms.

a) There was a present for you in the livingroom.


b) There wasnt a present for you in the livingroom.
c) There were some presents for you in the livingroom.
d) There werent any presents for you in the livingroom.

Singular Plural
Habia (de existencia) singular there was there were Habia (de existencia) plural

The verb to be in past

Examples with affirmative and negative.


Ejemplos con afirmativo y negativo.

Affirmative Negative
There was a nice office upstairs. There wasnt a nice office upstairs.
There were some nice offices upstairs. There werent any nice offices upstairs.
There were 2 opinions about the solution. There werent 3 opinions about the solution.
There was one solution to the problem. There wasnt a solution to the problem.

6.4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Examples with questions and answers: (singular and plural).


Ejemplos con preguntas y respuestas (singular y plural)

Were there good movies on TV? Yes, there were. No, there werent.
Was there a good movie on TV? Yes, there was. No, there wasnt.
Was there an apple left in the bowl? Yes, there was. No, there was not.
Were there 2 reports on your desk? Yes, there were. No, there were not.
Were there any tables in cafeteria? Yes, there were. No, there werent.
Were there any chairs in that room? Yes, there were. No, there werent.
Was there any sugar for the coffee? Yes, there was. No, there was not.

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 109


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISES 3: THERE WAS AND THERE WERE.


Directions: Translate the sentences to Spanish. Change them to the past tense and translate them
again. Write them in their negative form. Also write them in questions and give answers.
EXERCISES 3: THERE WAS AND THERE WERE.
Directions: Traduce las oraciones al Espaol. Cambialas al tiempo pasado y tradcelas otra vez. Escribelas a la
forma negativa. Escribelas en preguntas y respuestas.

1. There is a car in front of your house.


Spanish: Hay un carro en frente de tu casa.
Past tense: There was a car in front of your house.
Spanish: Habia un carro en frente de tu casa.
Negative: There wasnt a car in front of your house.
Question: Was there a car in front of your house?
Answers: Yes, there was. No, there wasnt.

2. There are new TV shows on weekends.


Past tense: _____________________________________________________________
Spanish: _____________________________________________________________
Negative: _____________________________________________________________
Question: _____________________________________________________________
Answers: ______________________ ____________________________________

3. There is a child playing football in the field.


Past tense: _____________________________________________________________
Spanish: _____________________________________________________________
Negative: _____________________________________________________________
Question: _____________________________________________________________
Answers: ______________________ ____________________________________

4. There are two answers for this question.


Past tense: _____________________________________________________________
Spanish: _____________________________________________________________
Negative: _____________________________________________________________
Question: _____________________________________________________________
Answers: ______________________ ____________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 110


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

5. There is an easy way to answer this book.

Past tense: _____________________________________________________________

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________

Negative: _____________________________________________________________

Question: _____________________________________________________________

Answers: ______________________ ____________________________________

6. There are three apple trees for sale.

Past tense: _____________________________________________________________

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________

Negative: _____________________________________________________________

Question: _____________________________________________________________

Answers: ______________________ ____________________________________

7. There is a black mark on my notebook.

Past tense: _____________________________________________________________

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________

Negative: _____________________________________________________________

Question: _____________________________________________________________

Answers: ______________________ ____________________________________

8. There are three error in your examination.

Past tense: _____________________________________________________________

Spanish: _____________________________________________________________

Negative: _____________________________________________________________

Question: _____________________________________________________________

Answers: ______________________ ____________________________________

END OF LESSON 6

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 111


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

Lesson 7
Adjectives & Nouns
7.1 USING ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE NOUNS
USANDO ADJETIVOS PARA DERCRIBIR SUSTANTIVOS

(a) Las palabras que describen sustantivos se llaman adjetivos. En (a): "good" es un adjetivo pero algunas veces
es usado como adverbio cuando se usa despus del verbo to be. Describe (califica) a la parabra (noun) book.
Describe que clase de libro es.
(b)(c)(d) Decimos que los adjetivos modifican a los nombres (sustantivos). Modificar significa un pequeo
cambio. Un adjetivo cambia el singificado de un sustantivo, dando ms informacin acerca de l.
(e) Los adjetivos no son ni singular ni plural. Ellos NO TIENEN la forma plural. Vea el ejemplo e).
(f)(g)(h) Los adjetivos usualmente se colocan inmediatamente antes del nombre (sustantivo), como se indica en f).
Los adjetivos pueden tambien estar en seguida del verbo principal be, como en g) y h).

Note: Adjectives must be always written before the noun except for the verb to be. In this case the
adjective comes after the verb to be as in the second example, but they are AND NEVER in plural.

Nota: Los adjetivos siempre deben escribirse antes del sustantivo excepto por el verbo to be. En
este caso el adjetivo va en seguida del verbo to be, pero NUNCA en plural.
Adj N Adj N
Examples: Thats a tall tree. Thats a glass door.
Adj Adj N Adj Adj N
Thats a tall and wide tree. Thats a nice blue door.

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 112


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 1: Adjectives.
Instructions: Underline and identify adjectives (ADJ) in the sentences. Translate the sentences to
Spanish.
EXERCISE 1: Adjectivos.
Instrucciones: Subraya e identifica los adjectivos (ADJ) en las oraciones. Tradcelas a Espaol
ADJ
1. The students wrote long compositions.

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

2. Deserts are dry.

Spanish: _________________________________

3. Crocodiles have big teeth.

Spanish: _________________________________

4. Knives are sharp.

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

5. Dark places frighten small children.

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

6. The audience laughed at the funny joke.

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

7. Sensible people wear comfortable shoes.

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

8. Steve cleaned the refrigerator with soapy water.

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

9. The local police searched the car for illegal drugs.

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

10. Before the development of agriculture, primitive people gathered wild plants for food.

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

11. Old people walk slower than when they were young people.

Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 113


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

12. Young people can run fast.


Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

13. Samantha wants to buy a small car for college.


Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

14. Get the blue suit instead of the green one.


Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

15. Its cold outside. Bring your big blue coat.


Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

16. Lets go swimming. Bring your red and nice bathing suit.
Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

17. We have a big problem with the car.


Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

18. We bought three red sweaters


Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

19. Yesterday, Narciso couldnt stop at the stop sign, so he got a ticket and paid a fine.
Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

20. In the future, he will be careful with the stop signs and with traffic lights.
Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

21. My family has a big house.


Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

22. That house has a big vegetable garden in the backyard.


Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

23. Juanito, put these sandwiches in your backpack.


Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

24. Mercie is going to the grocery store to buy milk, bread, eggs, and some ham.
Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 114


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 2: Adjectives.
Instructions: Make sentences, using TWO adjectives. Choose two out of the three adjectives
from each item and translate the created sentences to Spanish.
EXERCISE 2: Adjectivos.
Instrucciones: Construye oraciones, usando DOS adjetivos. Escoge dos de los tres adjetivos de cada artculo y
traduce los enunciados creados al Espaol.
1. Roses are flowers. (Beautiful, safe, red) Red roses are beautiful flowers.
Las rosas son flores. Rosas rojas son flores hermosas.

2. Rain fell from the clouds. (Dark, cold, dry)


Created: __________________________________________________________________
Spanish: __________________________________________________________________

3. The waiter poured coffee into my cup. (Empty, wet, hot)


Created: __________________________________________________________________
Spanish: __________________________________________________________________

4. The girl in the dress was looking for a telephone. (Easy, blue, young)
Created: __________________________________________________________________
Spanish: __________________________________________________________________

5. Annie sleeps on a bed in a room. (Quiet, sharp, soft)


Created: __________________________________________________________________
Spanish: __________________________________________________________________

6. Mrs. Fox gave the children some fruit. (Fresh, low, hungry)
Created: __________________________________________________________________
Spanish: __________________________________________________________________

7. When Tom was getting a haircut, the barber accidentally cut Toms ear with the scissors.
(blue, unexperienced, right)
Created: __________________________________________________________________
Spanish: __________________________________________________________________

8. Michelle dresses her babies with shirts and pants.


(blue, meat, white)
Created: __________________________________________________________________
Spanish: __________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 115


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 3: Adjectives and nouns.


Instructions: Dont look at Part II bellow. First, write the words asked for in Part I. dont use
the same word twice. Then turn the page and use the words you used in this page, on the blanks
of Part II.

EXERCISE 3: Adjectivos y sustantivos (nombres).


Instrucciones: No vea Part II abajo. Primero escribe las palabras que se piden en Parte I. No uses la misma
palabra dos veces. Luego escribe las palabras que escribste, cada una deacuerdo al numero en la historia de la
parte II.

PART I
1. An adjective _____________________ 6. An adjective ______________________

2. A name _________________________ 7. An adjective ______________________

3. A plural noun ____________________ 8. A preposition of place ______________

4. A plural noun ____________________ 9. An adjective _____________________

5. A singular noun __________________ 10. A plural noun ___________________

PART II

Write the words on your list in the blanks. Some of your completions might be a little old and funny.
Read your completed passage aloud to the rest of the class.

One day, a/an ______________ girl was walking in the city. Her name was _______________.
1 2

She was carrying a package for her grandmother. It contained some _________________________,
3

some ______________________, and a/an ___________________________, among other things.


4 5

As she was walking down the street, a/an ____________________ thief stole her package. The
6

_______________________ girl pulled out her cell phone and called the police, who caught the thief
7

_______________________ a nearby building and returned her package to her. She took it
8

immediately to her ________________________ grandmother, who was glad to get the package.
9

because she really needed some ________________________________.


10

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 116


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

7.2 USING NOUNS AS ADJECTIVES


Sometimes words that are frequently used as nouns are also used as adjectives. For example, flower is
usually a noun, but in a) it is used as an adjective to modify garden. When a noun is used as an
adjective, it is in singular form, NOT PLURAL.
Algunas palabras que son frecuentemente usadas como sustantivos pueden ser usadas como adjetivos tambien. Por ejemplo,
flower (flor) es generalmente un sustantivo, pero en a) es usada como adjetivo para describir garden (jardn). Cunado un
sustantivo es usado como adjetivo, se usa en la forma singular, NUNCA EN PLURAL.
Some compound nouns are written together as in g) shoelaces Algunos adjetivos son escritos juntos como en g).
a) I have a flower garden. e) I need to go to work right now. Where are my car keys?
b) The shoe store also sells socks. f) Leave the house keys in the plant in front of the window.
c) INCORRECT: a flowers garden. g) Carlitos, I told you to tie your shoelaces.
d) INCORRECT: the shoes store. h) I put all the files you gave me in the file cabinet.

EXERCISE 4: Using nouns as adjectives.


Instructions: Underline and identify the nouns (N). Use the noun in the first sentence as an
adjective and write a second sentence. You can star with It/He/She is They/We/You are
Whatever applies. Also write them in Spanish.
EXERCISE 4: Usando nombres y adjetivos.
Instrucciones: Subraya e identifica los sustantivos con N. Usa el sustantivo del primer enunciado y escribe una
segunda oracion. Puedes empezar con: It/He/She is They/We/You are Lo que aplique. Tambien escribelas en
Espaol.
N N ADJ N
1. This book is about grammar. Second sentence: It is a grammar book.
2. My garden has vegetables. Second: It is a ____________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________________________

3. The program is on television. Second: It is a ____________________________


Spanish: ___________________________________________________

4. The soup has onions. Second: It is an ___________________________


Spanish: ___________________________________________________

5. I read a lot of articles in the newspaper. Second: They are __________________________


Spanish: ___________________________________________________

6. This factory makes a lot of automobiles. Second: It is an ___________________________


Spanish: ___________________________________________________

7. The lesson concerned history. Second: It is a ____________________________


Spanish: ___________________________________________________

8. My professor teaches English. Second: He is an __________________________


Spanish: ___________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 117


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

IMPORTANT NOTE: Most of the time, when a sentence begins with a common noun (not an
official proper noun), it is supposed to be in plural form and the verb is in its original base form.

NOTA IMPORTANTE: La mayora del tiempo, cuando un enunciado comienza con un nombre
(sustantivo) comn (no un nombre propio-oficial), se supone que debe estar en su forma plural y
el verbo est en la forma base (plural-original.)

EXERCISE 5: Review: Fixing plural nouns.


Instructions: These sentences contain many mistakes in noun usage. Find the noun. Make the
nouns PLURAL whenever possible and appropriate. Do not change any other words (verbs).
Translate them.

EJERCICIO 5: Repaso: Corrigiendo sustantivos plurales.


Instrucciones: Estos enunciados contienen muchos errores en el uso de sustantivos. Encuentra los
sustantivos y conviertelos en plural cuando sea posible y apropiado. No cambies los verbos. Traduce los
enunciados.
-S -S
1. Bird are interesting animal. Birds are interesting animals.
Spanish: Las aves son animales interesantes.

2. There are around 8,600 kind of bird.


Fixed sentence: __________________________________
Spanish: _______________________________________

3. Bird hatch from egg. Baby bird stay in their nest for several
week or month. Their parent feed them until they can fly.
Fixed sentence: __________________________________
Spanish: ________________________________________

4. People eat chicken egg. Some animal eat bird egg.


Fixed sentence: _________________________________________________________________
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

5. Fox and snake are natural enemy of bird. They eat bird and their egg.
Fixed sentence: _________________________________________________________________
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

6. Some bird eat only seed and plant. Other bird eat mainly insect and earthworm.
Fixed sentence: _________________________________________________________________
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 118


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

7. Weed are unwanted plant. They prevent farm crop or garden flower from growing properly. Bird
help farmer by eating weed seed and harmful insect.

Fixed sentence: ___________________________________________________________________


________________________________________________________________________________________________

Spanish: _________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

8. Rat, rabbit, and mouse can cause huge loss on farm by eating stored crop. Certain big bird like hawk
help farmer by hunting these animal.

Fixed sentence: ___________________________________________________________________


________________________________________________________________________________________________

Spanish: _________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

9. The feather of certain kind of bird are used in pillow and mattress. The soft feather from goose are
often used for pillow and quilt. Goose feather are also used in winter jacket.

Fixed sentence: ___________________________________________________________________


________________________________________________________________________________________________

Spanish: _________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

10. The wing feather from goose were used as pen from
the sixth century to the nineteenth century, when steel pen were
invented.

Fixed sentence: __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Spanish: _______________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 119


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 6: Review: Nouns.


Instructions Part I: Find the nouns and underline them. Make them plural when necessary. After
fixing the nouns, write the story below with the correct plural nouns in a separate paper and
translation it.
EXERCISE 6: Repaso de los sustantivos
Instrucciones: Encuentra los sustantivos y subrayalos. Convirtelos en plural cuando sea necesario. Despus de
arreglar los sustantivos, escribe la historia abajo o en otro papel y traduce la historia.

Whale look like fish, but they arent fish. They are mammal. Mouse, tiger, and human being are
other example of mammal. Whale are intelligent animal like dog and chimpanzee. Even though they live
in sea, ocean, and river, whale are not fish. Fish lay egg and do not feed their offspring. Mammal give
birth to live to their offspring and feed them.
There are many kind of whale. Most whale are huge creature. The largest whale are called Blue
Whale. They can grow up to 100 foot (30 meter) in length and can weigh up to 150 ton (135,000
kilogram). Blue whale are much larger than elephant and larger than any of the now extinct dinosaur.
The heart of an adult blue whale is about the size of a compact car. Its main blood vessel, the aorta, is
large enough for a person to crawl through.

Human being have hunted and killed whale since ancient times. Aside from people, whale have no
natural enemy. Today many people are trying to stop the hunting of whale.

Instructions Part II: Write the story in the correct form. Escribe en seguida, la historia en la forma
correcta.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 120


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

7.3 MORE ADJECTIVES

Adjectives modify nouns.


You can modify a noun by using adjectives related with size, color, type, kind, and form.
Note: Adjectives must be always written before the noun AND NEVER in plural.
EXAMPLES
Adj N Adj N
Thats a tall tree. Thats a glass door.
One sentence can have one or more than one adjective.
Adj Adj N Adj Adj N
Thats a tall and wide tree. Thats a nice blue door.
COMMON ADJECTIVES AND THEIR OPPOSITES
ADJECTIVIOS COMUNES Y SUS OPUESTOS OTHER ADJECTIVES NATIONALITIES

Beautiful-ugly good-bad angry important American Mexican


Big-little happy-sad bright intelligent Canadian Egyptian
Big-small sour-sweet free nice Chinese Korean
Large- small cheap-expensive busy interesting Italian French
Clean-dirty long-short delicious kind Brazilian English
Cold-hot old-new favorite nervous Japanese European
Dangerous-safe old-young fresh ripe Indonesian Australian
Dry-wet poor-rich honest serious Saudi Arabian Indian
Easy-difficult easy-hard hungry wonderful South African British
High-low up-down brave soft Puerto Rican Malaysian

EXERCISE 7: Adjectives and nouns.


Directions: Write the adjectives and nouns in parenthesis in their correct form.
EJERCICIO 7: Adjetivos y sustantivos
Instrucciones: Escribe los adjetivos y sustantivos que estn en los parenthesis en su forma correcta.

1. I have a ___big and green tree_________ in front of my house. (Big, tree, green)
Spanish: Yo tengo un rbol grande y verde en my casa.

2. This is a ______________________ (dress, beautiful).


Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

3. I bought a ______________________ (blue, car).


Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

4. My sister has two ___________________ (pets, small) in her house.


Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

5. That ________________ (tree, big) gives us a nice shadow.


Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 121


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

6. I just bought a ______________________________ (house new).

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

7. I have a ______________________________ (small computer).

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

8. My son has a ______________________________ (computer, big).


Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

9. I bought two (nice, toys, very) ___________________________ for my grandson.

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

10. Carmen got _____________________ (grades, good) from school.

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

11. Mrs. Ramirez is an (teacher efficient) _______________________________________.

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

12. Thats a (big, truck) _____________________________________.

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

13. Please give me the (keys, car) ________________________. Im going to the store.

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

14. The TV is (big, nice) ___________________________.

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

15. Marcy drives an (Van, old) _______________________.

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

16. My daughter likes (music, country) __________________________.

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

17. We go to the (city museum) __________________________every month.

Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________

END OF LESSON 7
Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 122
JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

VOCABULARY: AT THE SCHOOL

WORD SOUND MEANING IN SPANISH


Basketball court basketbol-cort cancha de balonsesto
Bathroom batdrum bao
Binder bainder carpeta
Blackboard blakbord pizarrn (Negro)
Board (whiteboard) bord (juaitbord) pizarrn (blanco)
Book buc libro
Bookcase bukeis librero
Boys bois muchachos chicos nios
Class class clase
Classmate clasmeit compaero de clase
Classroom clasrum saln de clases
Desk desk silla de trabajo escritorio
Dorm dorm apartamento para estudiantes
Folder folder porta-papeles
Girls gerols muchachas chicas nias
Halls hols pasillos
Homework homwork tarea
Lab lab laboratorio
Lecture lekchur leccin ensear sermon conferencia
Library laibreri biblioteca
Marker marker marcador
Notebook notbuc cuaderno
Notes nots notas
Page peich pgina
Papers peipers papeles
Pen pen pluma bolgrafo
Pencil pensol lpiz
Playground pleigraond jardn de juegos
Principal principol director de la escuela
Principals office principols ofis la direccin
Professor professor professor
Pupil piupol alumno
Read ruid leer
Restroom restrum bao sanitario
School scul escuela
Sheet / leaf shiitt / lif hoja hojear
Soccer ball field sakerbol fiold campo de futbol
Student stiudent estudiante
Teacher ticher maestro
Tutor turor maestro privado (personalizado)
Volleyball court volibol cort cancha de volibol
Water fountain guarer-faontain bebedero
Write ruait escribir
Writing ruairing escribiendo escritura
Written ruiten escrito

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 123


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

VOCABULARY: AT WORK

WORD SOUND MEANING IN SPANISH


Archive arcaiv archivo archivar
Bathroom batdrum bao
Bench bench banca
Boss boss jefe
Building bilding edificio
CD sidi disco de compacto
Chair cher silla
Company compani compaa
Computer compiurer computadora
Cubicle ciubicol cubculo
Desk desk escritorio
Desktop desktap computadora de escritorio
Diskette disket diskette
DVD dividi disco de video digital
Engineer inllenir ingeniero
Facility facility instalaciones compaa
Files faiols archivos
File cabinet faiol-cabinet archivero
Fluorescent lamps florcent lamps lmparas fluorecentes
Group leader group lirer jefe de grupo
Keyboard kibord teclado
Dry marker draimarker marcador para pizarrn blanco
Lamps lamps lmparas
Laptop laptap computadora porttil
Manager manaller gerente
Mouse maus ratn
Notes nots notas
Office ofis oficina
Page peich pgina
Papers peipers papeles
Part number part namber nmero de parte
Pen pen pluma bolgrafo
Pencil pensol lpiz
Permanent marker permanent marker marcador de tinta permanente
Plant plant planta
Production floor prode/ukshon-flor piso de produccin
Program program programa
Report riport reporte
Restroom restrum bao sanitario
Stand stend banco posicin
Superintendent superintendent superintendente
Supervisor supervisor supervisor
Typewriter taiprairer mqina de escribir
Water marker guarermarker marcador de agua
Whiteboard juaitbord pizarrn blanco

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 124


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

VOCABULARY: AT HOME

WORD SOUND MEANING IN SPANISH


Attic aric tico
Backyard bakiard patio trasero
Bar soap barsoup barra de jabn (jabn para baarse)
Bathroom batdroom bao
Bathroom sink batdrumsink lavabo del bao
Bed bed cama
Bedroom bedrum cuarto recmara
Blender blender licuadora
Bowl boul tazn
Brother brotder hermano
Brush brash cepillo
Hairbrush jerbrash cepillo para el cabello
Cabinet cabinet gabinete
Ceiling siling techo de adentro
Chair cher silla
Closet closet guarda-ropa ropero
Clothes clotds ropa
Coffee cofi caf para beber
Coffee table cofi teibol mesa de centro para la sala
Comb comb peine peinarse
Cup cap taza
Cushion cushon colchoneta cojn
Dad ded pap
Daddy dedy papi-papito
Daughter dorer hija
Dish dish traste
Dish soap dishsoup jabn para trastes
Dishwasher dishguasher mquina lavatrastes
Dining-table dainingteibol mesa de comedor
Dining-room dainingrum comedor
Door dor puerta
Electricity electriciri electricidad
Electric heater electric jirer calentador de electricidad
Evaporative cooler evaporeiriv culer aire de agua (abanico-fuera de la casa)
Father fatder padre
Fork fork tenedor
Front yard frontiard patio de en frente
Garage garash cochera
Gas gas gas
Gas heater gasjirer calentador de gas
Glass glass vaso vidrio
Glass-door glasdor puerta de vidrio
Heater jirer calentador, calefaccin, calentn
Hair drier jerdraier secadora de cabello
Hair iron jer-airon plancha para cabello

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 125


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

Iron airon plancha


Iron table aironteibol mesa de planchar
Kitchen kitchen cocina
Kitchen cabinets kitchen cabinets gabinetes para cocina cocineta
Kitchen sink kitchen sink lavatrastes
Light lait luz
Living room livingrum sala
Living room set livingrumset juego de sala (muebles)
Master bedroom nasterbedrum recmara principal (grande) (para los padres)
Microwave oven maicroguave oven horno micro-hondas
Mirror mirror espejo
Mixer mixer batidora
Mother matder madre
Mom mam mama
Mommy mami mamita-mamasita
Oven oven horno
Picture pikchur retrato foto fotografa cuadro
Pillow pillow almohada cojn
Plate pleit plato
Quilt quilt colcha edredn
Refrigerator refrillireiror refrigerador
Roof ruf techo de arriba azotea
Room rum cuarto sala
Screen-door scrindor puerta de tela de alambre
Shampoo shamp champ jabn para el cabello
Sheets shiits sbanas
Shoes shus zapatos
Sister sister hermana
Sink sink lavamanos
Spoon spun cuchara
Son san hijo
Soup sup sopa caldo
Stool stul banco
Stove stov estufa
Switch suitch interruptor
Table teibol mesa
Teaspoon tispun cuchara para t
Television TV set televishon-Tiviset television
Toothbrush tutdbrash cepillo de dientes
Toothpaste tutdpeist pasta de dientes
TV stand tivistand mesa de television
Wall guol pared
Washer machine guashermachin lavadora
Water guater agua
Waterbed guarerbed cama de agua
Water faucet guarerfocet llave de agua grifo
Water heater guarerjirer boiler
Window uindou ventana

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 126


JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

QUICK REFERENCE
FORMULAS OF THE VERB TO BE FOR THE PRESENT-PAST-FUTURE SIMPLE & PROGRESSIVE

Simple Present
Affirmative: S + be (am-is-are) + O
Negative: S + be (am-is-are) not + O
Question: Be (am-is-are) + S + O?
Answer: Yes, + Pronoun + be (am-is-are). No. + Pronoun + be (am-is-are) + not.

Present Progressive
Affirmative: S + be (am-is-are) + V-ing + O
Negative: S + be (am-is-are) not + V-ing + O
Question: Be (am-is-are) + S + V-ing + O?
Answer: Yes, + Pronoun + be (am-is-are). No. + Pronoun + be (am-is-are) + not.

Simple Past
Affirmative: S + be (was-were) + O
Negative: S + be (was-were) not + O
Question: Be (was-were) + S + O?
Answer: Yes, + Pronoun + be (was-were). No. + Pronoun + be (was-were) + not.

Past Progressive
Affirmative: S + be (was-were) + V-ing + O
Negative: S + be (was-were) not + V-ing + O
Question: Be (was-were) + S + V-ing + O?
Answer: Yes, + Pronoun + be (was-were). No. + Pronoun + be (was-were) + not.

Simple Future
Affirmative: S + be (am-is-are) + going to + O (place / V-base form)
Negative: S + be (am-is-are) not + going to + O (place / V-base form)
Question: Be (am-is-are) + S + going to + O (place / V-base form)?
Answer: Yes, + Pronoun + be (am-is-are). No. + Pronoun + be (am-is-are) + not.

Future Progressive
Affirmative: S + be (am-is-are) + going to + be + O (place / V-ing form)
Negative: S + be (am-is-are) not + going to + be + O (place / V-ing form)
Question: Be (am-is-are) + S + going to + be + O (place / V-ing form)?
Answer: Yes, + Pronoun + be (am-is-are). No. + Pronoun + be (am-is-are) + not.

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H. 127

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