Class 4

ACID BASE

1.(a). Lewis Acid (e- pair acceptor) CO2 , BF3 , Alcl 3 , Zncl 2 , Fecl3 , PCl 3 ,Sicl4 ,SF6 , normal cation
(b). Lewis Base (e- pair donor) NH3 , ROH, ROR, H2 O, RNH2 , R 2 NH,R 3 N, normal anion
2. Dissociation of Weak Acid & Weak Base

(a). Weak Acid K a = Cx 2 / (1-x) or K a = Cx2

(b). Weak Base K b = Cx 2 / (1-x) or K b = Cx2

3. Buffer solution:

(a)
Range of Buffer pH = pKa 1

la s s
Acidic pH = pK a + log{salt / Acid }for Maximum buffer action pH = pKa

(b) Alkaline pOH = pKb +log {Salt/ Base} for max.

(c )
Buffer range for basic buffer = pKb 1

B=
dCBOH
=-
Moles/lit of Acid or Base Mixed
Buffer Capacity =

dCHB
Change in pH
C
dpH dpH

4. Necessary condition for showing neutral colour of Indicator pH = pKln or [HIn] = [In- ] or [InOH]=[In + ]

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 Class 5

IONIC EQULIBRIUM

1. Relation between ionisation neutral constant (K i ) & degree of ionisation (a ): -

a2 a 2C
Ki = = (Ostwald's dilution law)
(1-a )V (1-a )
Ki
It is applicable to weak electrolytes for which a < < 1 then a = K iV = orV C a
C
2. Common ion effect : By addition of X mole/ L of a common ion, to a weak acid (or weak base)a becomes equal to
Ka or K b [where a =degree of dissociation]
X X

s s
3. (A) If solubility product = ionic product then the solution saturates.

la
(B). If solubility product > ionic product then the solution is unsaturated

C
and more of the substance can be dissolved in it.

(C ). Id ionic product > solubility product the solution is super saturated

(principle of precipition).
4. Salt of weak acid and strong base:
pH = 0.5( pK w + pKa + log c)
Salt of weak base and strong acid
pH = 0.5( pK w - pKb - log c )
Salt of weak acid and weak base:
pH = 0.5( pK w + pKa - pK b )

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 Class 6

CHEMICAL KINETICS

1. Unit of Rate constant:

K = mol 1- Dn lit Dn -1 sec -1

2. First Order reaction:

2.303 a 0.693
K= log10 & t1/2 =
t a- x K
- kt
[ A]t = [ A]0 e

3. Second Order Reaction:

s
When concentration of A and B taking same.

s
1 x
K2 =

la
t a (a - x)
When concentration of A and b are taking different-

C
2.303 b( a - x )
K2 = log
t ( a - b) a(b - x )
4. Zero Order Reaction:
a0 - at
K=
t
a0
x = kt & t1/ 2 =
2K
5. Arrhenius equation:
- Ea / RT - Ea
K = Ae & slope =
2.303RK
whenT , thenk = A (\ e - Ea / RT = 1)

k
2 a 2E 1
T -T
6. log k = 2.303R T T
1 1 2

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 Class 7

OXIDATION-REDUCTION

1. Oxidant itself is -reduced (gives O2)

Or Oxidant e (s) Acceptor
Reductant itself is- oxidised (gives H2)
Or reductant e (s) Donor

2. (i) Strength of acid O.N

(ii) Strength of base 1/ O.N

3. (a) Electro Chemical Series:- Li, K, Sr, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Mn, Zn, Cr, Fe,
Cd, Co, Ni, Sn, Pb, H2, Cu, I2, Hg, Ag, Br2, Cl2, Pt, Au, F2

(b)As we move from top to bottom in this series

(1) Standard Reduction Potential
(2) Standard Oxidation Potential

la s s
C
(3) Reducing Capacity
(4) Ip
(5) Reactivity

4. (a) Formal charge = Group No. [No. of bonds+ No. of non- bonded e-s]

(b)At A node Oxidation, Cathode Reduction

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 Class 8

VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS

1. Equivalent weight of element = Atomic wt of the element

n factor

Formula wt of the compound

2. Equivalent weight of Compound =
n factor

3. Equivalent weight of an ion = Formula wt (or At. Wt.)of ion

its valency

s
4. The law of dulong and petit

s
Atomic wt. specific heat 6.4

5. Normality (N)= Number of equivalents of solute

6. Molarity (M)=
Volume of the solution in liters

Number of moles of solute

Volume of the solution in liters
C la
7. When a solution is diluted
N 1 V1 = N 2 V2
(before dilution) (after dilution)

8. Common acid- base indicators

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