Vertical Mills used for

Pre-grinding of clinker
Finish grinding of
Coal
Raw materials
Cement
Slag
Roller Mill:
Definition:
A roller mill is characterised in that a bed of loosely
packed material is compacted and thereby ground
between two rolling surfaces pressed against each
other, and that at least one of the rolling surfaces is a
roller.
The gap between the rolling surfaces is not fixed but
varies with change in the material properties.
Evaluation and calculations are
based on

Theoretical considerations

Basic data obtained from test work

mainly with roller presses
Operational data:
Table speed (rpm)
Grinding press. (bar) or (kN/m2)
Product fineness
(sieve residue, Blaine, etc.)
Capacity (tph)
Mill Motor (kW)/Friction factor (-)
Grinding bed thickness (mm)
Vibration level (mm/s)
Process inside the roller mill
Evaluation of:

Max pressure pmax (MPa)

Max grinding bed thickness (mm)
Mass flow through roller gap (tph)
Spec. Power per roller pass (kWh/t)
Circulation factor for roller (-)
Friction factor (-)
Retention time in mill (sec)
Flow of material on the table
Slip between roller and table
Wear
 Roller Press, basic considerations
L: length of
compaction zone
R: roller radius
W: roller width
T: roller force
: nip angle [radian]
: gripping angle
[radian]
small, therefore tg

1 1
= 1 + 2 = L +
R1 R2
Illustration of the gripping angle and the nip angle .
Specific grinding pressure kT
R: roller radius
D: roller diameter
W: roller width
T: roller force

T
kT = (kN/m )
2
W D1
 Roller press

Vertical mill Ring roller mill

Formulas and general characteristics
of vertical mills.
 Vertical Roller Mill
DO Table diameter [m]
Friction coefficient [radian]
T Roller pressure per roller [kN]
kT Spec. roller pressure [kN/m2]
DR Roller diameter [m]
W Roller width [m]
DM Mean diameter of track [m]
n Table speed [rpm]
v Velocity at DM [m/s]
i Number of rollers [-]
N Power [kW]
P Production [t/h]

Vertical and horizontal components of roller load

 Vertical Roller Mill
DO Table diameter [m]
Friction coefficient [radian]
T Roller pressure per roller [kN]
kT Spec. roller pressure [kN/m2]
DR Roller diameter [m]
W Roller width [m]
DM Mean diameter of track [m]
n Table speed [rpm]
v Velocity at DM [m/s]
i Number of rollers [-]
N Power [kW]
P Production [t/h]

N = i T v = i k T D R W D M n 60
For the standard Atox mills i=3, DR=0.6*D0, W=0.2*D0,
DM=0.8*D0 and n=56*D00.5, which inserted gives:

N = 0.844 k T D O2.5
 Friction coefficient

Cement raw material 0.09 +/- 0.02

Coal 0.10 +/- 0.02
Cement 0.06 +/- 0.01
Calculations based on identical rolling point
 Material movement on the table

Radial and tangential velocity influenced by

Friction coefficient of material (mat. type, moisture content,
granulometry, aeration level)
Surface condition of grinding elements
Shape of grinding table (flat, spherical, dam ring height)
Table speed
Material movement on the flat table

Material tracks, absolute movements

 Material movement on the flat table

Material tracks relative to table

Material thickness and flow on the flat grinding table.

Material layer in percent of Net layer fed to the rollers

table diameter
(tangential speed for material
lower than table speed)
Material layer on curved grinding surface.
Grinding bed thickness limited by vibrations
 Optimisation of mill operation.
Increase of friction coefficient of material: Inject water on table
Higher power uptake
Lower vibration level
Increase thickness of material: Increase height of dam ring
Higher power uptake
Lower vibration level
Decreased grinding efficiency
Increase thickness of material: Reduce table speed (to 80-100%)
Lower vibration level (for finer materials)
Increased friction factor but lower power uptake
 Slip between roller and table

Determination of roller-table slip

 Slip between roller and table

Polysius
 Slip between roller and table

MPS RM
 Slip between roller and table

Loesche ATOX
 Wear profiles in an Atox Mill hard, dry material

Wear profile on roller segment

Centre
Max. wear Rolling point

Max. wear

Wear profile on table segment

Highest table Lowest table

speed speed
Slag grinding on OK mill
with typical wave
pattern from squeezed
out material
Clinker grinding. Smooth wear surface