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Compact slotted UWB
[1] Rezaeieh SA. Dual band dual sense circularly polarised monop- monopole antenna with
ole antenna for GPS and WLAN applications. Electron Lett.
2011;47(22):12121214. tuneable band-notch
[2] Hoang TV, Le TT, Li QY, Park HC. Quad-band circularly
polarized antenna for 2.4/5.3/5.8-GHz WLAN and 3.5-GHz characteristics
WiMAX applications. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag Lett.
2016;15:10321035.
[3] Khalily M, Rahim MKA, Kamarudin MR, Shaneshin M,
Ankan Bhattacharya1 |
Danesh S. Ultra wideband printed monopole antenna with Bappadittya Roy1 |
dual-band circular polarization. In: Proceedings of the 5th
European Conference on Antennas and Propagation Santosh K. Chowdhury2 |
(EUCAP);. 2011.
Anup K. Bhattacharjee1
[4] Hsu S-H, Chang K. A novel reconfigurable microstrip antenna
with switchable circular polarization. IEEE Antennas Wireless 1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National
Propag Lett. 2007;6:160162. Institute of Technology, M. G. Road, Durgapur 713209, India
[5] Ray KP, Anob PV, Kapur R, Kumar G. Broadband planar rec- 2
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Jadavpur
tangular monopole antennas. Microwave OptTechnol Lett. 2001; University, R. S. C. Mallick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
28(1):5559.
Correspondence
[6] Singh R, Kumar G. Broadband Planar Monopole Antennas.
Ankan Bhattacharya, Department of Electronics and Communication
M. Tech Credit Seminar Report, Electronic Systems Group, EE
Engineering, National Institute of Technology, M. G. Road, Durgapur
Department, IIT Bombay; 2003.
713209, India.
[7] Wang CJ, Hisao KL. CPW-fed monopole antenna for multiple Email: bhattacharya.ankan1987@gmail.com
system integration. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag. 2014;62(2):
10071011.
Abstract
[8] Bao XL, Ammann MJ, McEvoy P. Microstrip-fed wideband cir-
cularly polarized printed antenna. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag. In this article, a compact slotted ultra-wideband (UWB)
2010;58(10):31503156. monopole antenna with tuneable band-notch characteris-
[9] Ghobadi A, Dehmollaian M. A printed circularly polarized Y- tics for wireless local area network has been investigated.
shaped monopole antenna. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag Lett. The proposed antenna includes a defected ground structure
2012;11:2225. and a hexagonal radiating element. The notched frequency
[10] Wu JW, Ke JY, Jou CF, Wang CJ. A microstrip-fed broadband has been obtained by etching an inverted U-shaped slot
circularly polarized monopole antenna. IET Microwave Antennas from the surface of the hexagonal radiator and by fine tun-
Propag. 2010;4(4):518525. ing of the slot dimensions. Analysis of simulated and
[11] Zhang L, Jiao YC, Ding Y, Chen B, Weng ZB. Microstrip-fed measured results reveal that an impedance bandwidth of
wideband circularly polarized printed antenna. IEEE Trans 2.811.1 GHz has been obtained with band-notch charac-
Antennas Propag. 2013;61(9):48244828.
teristics centered at 5.2 GHz. The notch-band frequency
[12] Abbosh AM, Bialkowski ME. Design of ultra wideband planar can be tuned to 5.5 GHz by appropriate choice of slot
monopole antennas of circular and elliptical shape. IEEE Trans
dimensions. Satisfactory results have been obtained on fre-
Antennas Propag. 2008;56(1):1723.
quency and time-domain analysis of the proposed
[13] Thomas KG, Sreenivasan M. Printed elliptical monopole with
structure. Simulated and measured results show a good
shaped ground plane for pattern stability. Electron Lett. 2009;45
(9):445446. agreement. Compactness, simplicity in design, and
BHATTACHARYA ET AL.
| 2359
frequency tuning ability for notch-bands justify the applic- T A BL E 1 Comparison table of various UWB band-notched
antennas
ability of the proposed antenna in UWB communication
systems. Ref. Dimension Notched band
KEYWORDS
[1] 35 3 35 mm2 5.006.00 GHZ
band-notch characteristics, defected ground structure, slotted geometry, [2] 30 3 39 mm2 5.155.83 GHZ
tuneable frequency, UWB communication
[3] 30 3 35 mm2 5.126.08 GHZ
FIGURE 1 Hexagonal monopole antenna (Antenna 1). [Color figure dimension of the antenna is W 3 L 5 18 3 35 mm2.
can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] Detailed parameter dimensions are provided in Table 2. The
thickness of the proposed structure is 1.5 mm. Arlon material
frequency as discussed in later section), having an impedance having a relative dielectric constant, Er of 2.5 and loss
bandwidth of 2.810.6 GHz with a frequency band-notch tangent, tan d of 0.0013 has been used as the substrate
centered at 5.5 GHz. Figure 1 shows the geometry of an material. The feed line has been designed to match the 50 X
UWB hexagonal monopole antenna, which has been consid- characteristic impedance using Equations (1) and (2).
ered as a reference antenna (Antenna 1). The overall Er 11 Er 21 1
Eeff 5 1 p (1)
2 2 1 112 h=w
T A BL E 2 Parameter dimensions in millimeters (Antenna 1, 2, and 120 p
3) Zo 5 p w
(2)
Eeff h 11:3910:67 ln wh 11:44
Parameters Basic dimension where Zo is the characteristic impedance and Eeff is the
W 18.00 effective dielectric constant of the substrate.
As observed from Figure 2, Antenna 1 shows an ultra-
L 35.00
wide-frequency band extending from 2.8 to 11.1 GHz. The
Gw 18.00 VSWR vs frequency response of Antenna 1 has been shown
Gl 10.75
Sw 02.00
Sl 06.75
Fw 01.50
Fl 13.00
S1 10.00
S2 07.50
S3 03.00
S4 09.50
S03 04.00
S04 08.50
S5 02.00
FIGURE 3 VSWR plots of Antenna 1, 2, and 3
BHATTACHARYA ET AL.
| 2361
F I G U R E 4 Slotted hexagonal monopole antenna (Antenna 2). FIGURE 6 Effect of S3 and S4 on VSWR
[Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]
c
kg 5 (4)
in Figure 3. The VSWR obtained for Antenna 1 is 2 (a fnotch Eeff
practically accepted value) throughout the entire bandwidth where c is the frequency of light in vacuum, fnotch is the
of operation. The objective of our work is to introduce a fre- notch-band frequency, and Eeff is the effective permittivity of
quency band-notch in the 5.155.825 GHz WLAN operating the material. The inner perimeter of the slot Si computed is
region. Therefore, to incorporate the band-notch feature, an approximately equal to 5 1 kg/2.
inverted U-shaped slot has been etched from the surface of
the hexagonal radiating element (Figure 4). The dimension
of the slot can be approximately calculated using the follow- 3 | PARAMETRIC STUDIES AND
ing equation, DISCUSSION
kg
Si 5s3 1s4 173w551 (3) Now, to understand the frequency response characteristics of
2 the antenna and to investigate the effect of certain geometri-
where Si is the inner perimeter of the U-shaped slot, S3 and cal parameters on the band-notch feature, a parametric study
S4 are the outer dimensions of the slot, w is the slot width, has been performed. As the U-shaped slot is mainly responsi-
and kg is the guided wavelength, which can be expressed as, ble for the band-notch feature, the effect of the slot parame-
ters S3 and S4 on the band-notch behavior of the antenna and
on the impedance bandwidth have been investigated. The
combined effect of slots S3 and S4 on VSWR has been dis-
played in Figure 6. With S3 5 03.00 mm and S4 5 09.50 mm
(Antenna 2), the monopole shows a sharp band-notch cen-
tered at 5.2 GHz. The notch-band gradually shifts from 5.2
to 5.6 GHz as the dimension of S3 is increased from 02.50 to
04.50 mm and S4 is decreased from 10.00 to 8.00 mm. With
S3 fixed at 04.00 mm and S4 fixed at 08.50 mm (Antenna 3),
the antenna shows a band-notch, which is centered at
5.5 GHz.
The parametric studies confirmed that the frequency
band-notch for WLAN can be generated by the insertion of a
U-shaped slot in the main radiating element of the antenna.
Also it has been affirmed that the impedance bandwidth and
the center frequency of the band-notch can be adjusted by
fine tuning of the dimensions of the U-shaped slot. It has
F I G U R E 5 Modified slotted hexagonal monopole antenna (Antenna also been established that by altering the dimensions of the
3). [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] slot, the VSWR of the antenna in the UWB range remains
2362 | BHATTACHARYA ET AL.
FIGURE 7 Surface current distribution pattern of (A) Antenna 1, (B) Antenna 2, and (C) Antenna 3. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlineli-
brary.com]
FIGURE 8 Fabricated prototype of (A) Antenna 1, (B) Antenna 2, and (C) Antenna 3. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]
F I G U R E 9 VSWR plot of Antenna 1 (measured vs simulated). FIGURE 10 VSWR plot of Antenna 2 (measured vs simulated).
[Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]
BHATTACHARYA ET AL.
| 2363
FIGURE 12 Radiation pattern of Antenna 1, 2, and 3: (a) 2 GHz, (b) 4 GHz, (c) 8 GHz, and (d) 10 GHz
2364 | BHATTACHARYA ET AL.
4 | CONCLUSION
Trends in Computing and Communication, Lecture Notes in surface of a flexible photovoltaic solar-panel for solar
Electrical Engineering; vol 298.
energy harvesting. The proposed antenna performs an
[8] Tang MC, Wang H, Deng T, Ziolkowski RW. Compact planar ultra-wide band that my suite different wireless technolo-
ultrawideband antennas with continuously tunable, independent
gies. Nevertheless, the proposed antenna shows a very low
band-notched filters. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag. 2016;64(8):
32923301. no. Aug.
shadowing area that has a negligible effect on the solar
panel efficiency. A numerical simulation based on a finite
[9] Roy B, Bhattacharya A, Chowdhury SK, Bhattacharjee AK.
Wideband snowflake slot antenna using koch iteration technique integral technique of CST MWS formulations is conducted
for wireless and C-band applications. AEU Int J Electron Com- to study the antenna performance. HFSS software package
mun Elsevier. 2016. is invoked in this study to validate the PMDAA circuitry
[10] Chen HD. Broadband CPW-Fed square slot antennas with a performance before conducting the experimental study. It
widened tuning stub. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag. 2003;51(4): is found that the antenna circuitry covers the frequency
19821986. range from 0.5 to 16.7 GHz. The antenna gain is found to
[11] Horestani A, Shaterian K, Naqui Z, Martn JF, Fumeaux C. vary from 3 dB up to 19 dB. Finally, the antenna is fabri-
Reconfigurable and tunable S-shaped split-ring resonators and cated and measured experientially in anechoic chamber
application in band-notched UWB antennas. IEEE Trans Anten- environments that led to excellent matching with the simu-
nas Propag. 2016;64(9):37663776. in no. Sept.
lated results.
[12] Roy B, Chakraborty U, Chowdhury SK, Bhattacharjee AK.
Design of U-shaped antenna using different substrate with KEYWORDS
enhanced bandwidth for WLAN/WiMAX applications. Micro-
wave Opt Technol Lett. 2016;58(4):959963. energy harvesting, plasmonic antenna, solar cell, ultra-wide band