Hello!

Group Members:
Adele Lu
Chan Yi Fung
Darren Tan
FACADE SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION

Exterior side of a
building
Non-structural due
to lightweight
material
Reduce cost & own
dead load
Designed with steel
members, steel
frame infilled with
glass in between
TYPES OF FACADE SYSTEM

Brickwork and stonework

Curtain walling
Precast concrete panels
Insulated render
Metallic cladding
Tiles and stone veneer panels
Glass and steel facade system
TYPES OF SYSTEM AND PRINCIPLES

Stick System Unitized System

Install between Require factory
framing members fabrication
and glazing The completed
Between floor units are hung on
vertically and building structure
between vertical forming building
members enclosure
horizontally
Assemble on site
CONCERNS OF LOAD

Loads Dead load Wind load

Transfer to structure through Weight of mullions, anchors Every location has own building
anchors which attach mullions and other infill materials codes specify the required
design wind loads

Snow load Blast load

Slope of wall exceeding 20 First line defends, blast
degrees resistant glazing,break but not
separate from mullions
INFILLS

Glass
Most common glazing
Combination of colour, thickness & opacity
Transparent, translucent

Panels
Opaque panel
Two thin sheets sandwiching a thin interlayer
Various material

Louvers
Used when area required ventilation
Taking favourable climate condition to min usage of
energy by HVAC system
Allow outside air filter into building
GLASS FACADE
Suvarnabhumi
Bangkok International
Airport (SBIA)
Suvarnabhumi Bangkok International Airport
(SBIA)

GENERAL INFORMATION FACADE SYSTEM

Location : Bangkok, Thailand Facade System Cost/sq ft, USD : Approx.

83
Year Started : 2002
Total facade area, sq ft : Approx 361,000
Year Completed : 2006
Glass type : Laminated glass
Building Size, sq ft : 6 million
Glass system type : Point-fixed,
Building Cost, USD : Approx 1.3 billion through-bolted with cast stainless steel
spider
Suvarnabhumi
Bangkok International
Airport (SBIA)
LAMINATED GLASS
Safety and security glass
Sandwiching a laminated sheet between two
pieces of glass
Made of polyvinyl butryl (PVB) sheet
Help stick the glass pieces when glass is broken
 MANUFACTURING OF LAMINATED GLASS

Preliminary
Infeed Lamination

Feed about 15 mins Heated & compressed by rolls

Clean Autoclave

Washed thoroughly Last 3-5 hours

Laminating
Area Discharge

With interlayer, PVB

100% visually safe
Sensitive to temp &
Removed by portal
humidity
stacker
Aircon clean room
 FACADE PROGRAM
Complex structural system
Consists of guyed masts to full height of facade
Prestressed horizontal cable between
1
Advance technology for steel casting, tension cable
usage, erection method and glass design
 FACADE STRUCTURE
Mast trusses, primary structural support
Pinned at base & restrained by roof structure against
lateral load
Horizontal cable trusses span between the masts for
glass grid lines
2 Spreader struts to pick up a cast spider fitting that
fixed the glass
Glass weight supported from dead load rods hung
from the top horizontal framing member
High-tension wire used for cable trusses
 Primary mast truss that reveals bracing elements
perpendicular to the glass plane and connections to
horizontal cable trusses, which support the glass.

Full elevation of the transparency facade system.

The top band facade structure to accommodate
large design load movement and deflections of
the roof structure
Suvarnabhumi Bangkok International Airport
(SBIA)

Advantages
Natural lights- Large glass panel
Glass function- Completely opaque because of light reflects,
reduce solar heat gain & aircraft noise
Minimized wastage- Advanced design techniques

Disadvantages
Negative impact- Thailand, absorb heat as greenhouse
Glare- Used of glass facade
Strasbourg Railway
Station Multimodal Hub
Strasbourg Railway Station Multimodal Hub

GENERAL INFORMATION FACADE SYSTEM

Location: Strasbourg, France Facade System Cost: Undisclosed

Year Started: 2005 Total facade area, sq. ft.: Approx. 64,000

Year Completed: 2007 Glass type: Laminated cold bend glass

Building Size, sq. ft.: 25,000 Glass system type: Vertical capture,
horizontal butt-glazed

Building Cost: Undisclosed

Strasbourg Railway
Station Multimodal Hub
COLD BEND GLASS
Recent development
Flat glass plate bent into a curved shape at
ambient temperature
Alternative to traditional sag bending process
where glass is heated beyond its softening
temperature
Cheaper & can be performed on site
MANUFACTURE OF LAMINATED COLD BENT GLASS
Schematic overview

First
Put together glass +
Interlayer

Second
Bend glass to desired shape +
Fix to form

Third
Lamination process, high shear
bond btw glass & interlayer

Fourth
Release from scaffold form
 FACADE PROGRAM
Freestanding lightweight structure
Integrated, highly transparent, fully glazed
1 skin
Complete structure & cladding system
 FACADE STRUCTURE
Geometry of glass shell from toroidal form by curve about
an axis inclined from vertical
Hierarchical organization of load bearing components
No significant loading
Slender tubular steel columns
2 Five tangent circle arcs
Simple diagram of the hierarchical structural system
All elements of the structure can be seen
in this view except the columns outside the
old facade
Strasbourg Railway Station Multimodal Hub

Advantages
Extension & protection- Extra space, protect fragile stone
facade (130 years)
No additional loads- Freestanding lightweight structure
Multi-function- (Winter) natural ventilation closed &
low-angle winter sun warm interior air. (Summer) are
opened to exhaust air at top of structure

Disadvantages
Maintenance- Keep out moisture & wind, apply sealant to
perimeter, must replaced every 10 years
Time consuming- Stick system time assemble is high
Corrosion- Affected by alkalis ions, dissolves glass surface
CONCLUSION
Thanks!