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Answer

Similarities
Both are used to measure small length
Both are used to measure length more accurately
compared to metre ruler
Both instruments have two scale, main scale and
vernier scale
differences
Instrument (a) is called micrometer screw gauge which can
measure up to 0.01mm accurately
Instrument (b) is called Vernier calipers which can measure up
to 0.01cm accurately

Answer

When taking measurement:

The thimble is turned until the anvil and the spindle grip the object tight

The ratchet knob is then turned until a click sound is heard to ensure that suitable pressure is exerted onto the
object.

Check the positive zero shown by instrument (b)

Actual reading = measurement reading positive zero error

Avoid parallex error while taking reading by positioning both eyes directly onto the scale.

Increase the accuracy of the reading by taking three reading at three different points of the glass rod and find its
average.

Answer

Design Reason
Use thin hollow tube as capillary tube more obvious contraction and expansion of mercury
when temperature changes.

bulb of thermometer which filled Increase its sensitivity

with mercury is small
Use mercury as the liquid Opaque (easily to read)
Does not stick on the glass wall
Put the thermometer in pure melting ice and steam to obtain ice point and steam point.

The temperature scale is obtained by dividing the temperature between the ice point and the steam point into one
hundred equal parts.

Each part of scale represents 1C

 Set 1 16

Answer

The induced current in the alternator is bigger than the dynamo bicycle

The number of turns of the of coil in the alternator is more compared to dynamo bicycle.

The magnet used in the alternator is stronger than the dynamo

The speed of rotation of the alternator is faster than dynamo

The physics concept is the electromagnetic induction.

Current is produced in a conductor when there is a relative motion between the conductor and the magnetic field.

Answer
Modification
Use slip rings to replace the commutator
Use a.c supply with higher magnitude
increase the number of turns in coil
Use stronger magnet
Winding the coils on a soft iron core
Set 1 17
Reason
Make sure the coil turn in one direction
Increase the speed of rotation of motor
Increase the speed of rotation of motor
Increase the speed of rotation of motor
Increase the magnetic field strength
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Answer

Choose Reason
Type of lens Convex lens Magnified the object
Focal length Focal length of Objective lens is use to form an image at the focal point of eyepiece lens,
objective lens, fo is so that the eyepiece can magnified the image form by the objective lens
longer than at infinity
eyepiece lens,fe
Diameter of lens large More light entering the telescope to produce brighter and clearer image
Magnification, M = Large ratio Obtain bigger image
fo / fe
Choose T as objective lens and Q as eyepiece lens.
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Answer

Characteristic Reason
Resistivity Low Reduce power loss
Melting Point high High heat produced in the wire will not melt it
Density low lighter
Cost lower Save cost
Choose Y for the transmission cable because it has low resistivity, high melting
point, low density and medium cost.