TableofContents

1.0 Introduction.............................................................................................................1
2.0 ReviewofCodesandStandards.............................................................................2
3.0 DesignConsiderations.............................................................................................5
4.0 ContinuityofResponsibility....................................................................................6
5.0 Acknowledgements.................................................................................................8
APPENDIXACODEREFERENCES......................................................................................9
APPENDIXBGUIDEFORTESTINGOFGUARDS.............................................................11
APPENDIXCCASESTUDIES...........................................................................................12
APPENDIXDMODELSPECIFICATIONFORGUARDS.....................................................17

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.1.1 Guardsaretypicallyconsideredassecondaryornonstructuralelementsofa
buildingastheydonotsupporttheprimarystructure;however,guardsplaya
significantroleinpublicsafety.
1.2 PurposeandScope
1.2.1 Thepurposeofthisdocumentistoserveasadesignguideforindividual
practitionerswhenpreparingdrawingsandspecificationsinthedesignand
implementationofguardsusedinbuildings.
1.2.2 Specificrequirementsforguardsmaydifferbetweenauthoritieshaving
jurisdiction.Itwillbetheresponsibilityofthedesignertobefamiliarwithlocal
requirements.
1.2.3 Thisdocumentisnotintendedtobeusedasthestandardforguarddesign.Itis
uptotheindividualdesignertoperformtherequiredduediligenceinpreparing
thedrawingsandspecifications.Thisdocumentmustnotbeusedinawaythat
reducesanyrequirementspecifiedinanyapplicablecode,bylaworstandard.

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2.0 ReviewofCodesandStandards
2.1 TheNationalBuildingCodeofCanada2010(NBCC2010)isanobjectivebased
code.Therelevantobjectivesandfunctionalstatementswithrespecttoguards
areasfollows:
Objectives:
OS2StructuralSafety
OS3SafetyinUse
OP2StructuralSufficiency
Functionalstatements
F10:Tofacilitatethetimelymovementofpersonstoasafeplaceinan
emergency.
F20:Tosupportandwithstandexpectedloadsandforces.
F30:Tominimizetheriskofinjurytopersonsasaresultoftripping,
slipping,falling,contact,drowningorcollision.
2.2 Thefollowingsummarizesselectedcriteriarelevanttothedesignofguardsas
presentedintheBritishColumbiaBuildingCode(BCBC2012)whichisbasedon
theNBCC2010.SeeappendixAforexcerptstakenfromthecodesandstandards
referencedbelow.
BCBC2012DivisionBPart3Requirements:Forcommercialoccupancies.
Appliestoareasforwhichaccessisprovidedforpurposesotherthan
maintenance.
Requiresthataguardbeprovidedataheightofnotlessthan1070mm
fromthefinishedfloorwhereanelevationdifferencegreaterthan600
mmexists.
Thesizeofopeningsmustnotallowthepassageofaspheregreaterthan
100mmindiameter.
Attachmentsoropeningslocatedbetween140mmand900mmabove
thefinishedfloormustnotfacilitateclimbing.
Handrailswhererequiredmustbegraspable(ifcircular:30mm40mm
indiameter;orifsquare:100mm125mmperimeterand45mm
maximumcrosssectionaldimension)andmustbebetween865mmand
965mmabovethefinishedfloor.
Handrailsmustbedesignedtoresistaconcentratedloadof0.9kNanda
uniformloadof0.7kN/mappliedinanydirection.
BCBC2012DivisionBPart4Requirements:Forstructuraldesigncriteria.

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 Theminimumspecifiedhorizontalloadmustbe3.0kN/mforguards
locatedatinameansofegress,
aconcentratedloadof1.0kNwheregatheringofmanypeopleis
improbable,or
auniformloadof0.75kN/moraconcentratedloadof1.0kNinother
locations.
NOTE:Thesedifferencescanbecriticaltoboththedesignoftheguardsandthe
structuretowhichtheguardsareattached.Theserequirementsshouldbevery
carefullystatedinthedesignrequirements.
Individualelementsbeloworwithintheguardmustbedesignedfora
loadof0.5kNappliedoveranareaof100mmx100mmnottobe
consideredconcurrentwiththehorizontalguardload.
Averticalloadof1.5kN/mappliedatthetopoftheguardmustbe
resistedbutneednotbeconsideredtoactsimultaneouslywiththe
horizontalload.
BCBC2012DivisionBPart9Requirements:Forresidentialoccupancies.
TheserequirementsaresimilartothosedescribedinPart3andPart4as
referencedabove.
WorkSafeBCrequirements:Protectionofworkers.
Theselegalrequirementsapplytoallworkplacesandarisefromthe
OccupationalHealthandSafetyRegulation.Enforcementofthese
regulationsfallsunderthejurisdictionofWorkSafeBC.
Theserequirementsareintendedtoprovidesafeenvironmentsfor
workersinareasthatarenotspecificallyaccessibletothepublicas
definedintheaboveBCBCreferences.
Aguardrailconsistsofatopraillocated102cmto112cmabovethe
worksurfaceandanintermediateraillocatedmidway.
Itmustbedesignedtowithstandaloadof0.55kNappliedperpendicular
tothespaninahorizontalorverticaldirection.
ItmustnotbemadeoffibreorwireropewithoutBoardapproval.
CAN/CSB12.20M89STRUCTURALDESIGNOFGLASSFORBUILDINGS
Thisisalimitstatesdesigncode.Thecodeaddressesthebrittlenatureof
glasswhereusedasastructuralmaterialbystipulatingthatsupport
membersbedesignedwitharedundantloadpath.Theunderlying
principalbeingthatifonememberfailsacascadingorcatastrophic
failuremechanismdoesnotdevelop.

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 Freestandingglassguardsmusthaveatopcapwhichspansovertwoor
morepanelsandbedesignedtoresistthefactoredloadafterfailureof
alternatepanels.
Thedeflectionoftheguardatthepointofapplicationoftheload,withall
panelsintactmustnotexceed40mm.

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3.0 DesignConsiderations
3.1 Aguardismeanttopreventanindividualfromfallingfromahigherelevationto
alowerelevation.Aguardshouldalsocreateasenseofsafetyamongbuilding
occupants.
3.2 Designofaguardmustconsiderthefollowing:
1. Whereisaguardrequired
2. Dimensionalrequirements
3. StrengthDesignincludingtheloadpathtotheprimarystructure.
4. Serviceability(deflection/graspability/climbability)
5. RelationshiptoBuildingEnvelope
6. Aesthetics

3.3 Whenusingaluminum,considerationshouldbemadeforthelossoftemperand
associatedreductioninstrengthwhereweldedconnectionsareused.Referto
CAN/CSAS157StrengthDesignofAluminumforBuildings.
3.4 Specialconsiderationmustbegiventotheuseofglassasguardelements.Some
meansofstructuralredundancymustbebuiltintothesystemtoprevent
progressivecollapseoftheassemblyfollowingthefailureofaglassmember.In
particular,whenusingtemperedglassthereexistsapotentialforspontaneous
breakageduetoimpurities(alsoreferredtoasNickelSulfideinclusions).Referto
thedesignguidespublishedbytheGlazingContractorsAssociationofBC(now
FenestrationBC)entitled:GlassDesigntoHumanImpactLoadandGlass
GuardsandBalustrades.
3.5 Considerationshouldalsobegiventowindowsactingasguardswherethesill
extendsbelow1070mmofthefinishedfloor.Inthisinstancethewindowmust
betreatedasawallseparatingtheelevationdifferenceandbedesignedto
withstandtheappropriateguardload.Furtherconsiderationshouldbegivento
operablesasheswheretheremaybeariskoffallingthroughtheopenwindow.
Suchwindowsmustbeequippedwithalimitertorestrictthesizeoftheopening.
Although,theremaybecaseswhereoperablewindowsarerequiredtoallow
egressduringafireinwhichcasetherecanbetwocontradictorycode
requirements.
3.6 Inthecasesofuniquearchitecturaldesigns,nontraditionalconstruction
methodsoruseofexoticmaterials(i.e.artglassorreclaimedtimber)wherethe
availablecodesandstandardsdonotprovideadequateguidancethedesigner
mayemploydestructivetesting.Aguidefortheloadtestingofguardshasbeen
developedandincludedinappendixB.

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4.0 ContinuityofResponsibility
4.1 Thesupplyandinstallationofguardsofteninvolvesmultipletradedisciplines.In
turntheremaybeseveraldesignprofessionalinvolvedinthedesignoversight
forindividualelementsoftheguard.Forexampleatypicalglassbalustrademay
includeaspecialtyfittingsupplier,aglasssupplier,aglazinginstaller,a
miscellaneousmetalssubcontractoraswellasamillworker.Considerthefigure
below:

Wood rail - Millwork

Steel stanchion -
Miscellaneous metals

Connection to base
structure

Glass Panel - supply

and installation

Specialty glass Fittings

4.2 Asaresulttherecanbeadiscontinuityarisingfromthediffusionofdesign
oversight.Eachelementmaybetheresponsibilityofadifferentdesign
professionalwithlittleornocoordinationbetweenthem.Notwithstanding,
designoversightultimatelyrestswiththearchitect.Structuraldesignofguards
andtheirattachmentsiscoveredundertheArchitecturalsectionoftheBCBC
LettersofAssurance.
4.3 Whenpreparingshopdrawings,thedesignprofessionalmustbecarfultodefine
theirscopeofworkclearlywhileatthesametimeensuringthatconnecting
elementsaresuitableforthecompletedsystem.Forexample,ifreviewingshop
drawingsfortheglasselementsonly,itshouldbeclearlystatedthatthedesign
oftheglassisbasedonthecontinuityoftherailandthattherailmustbe
designedaccordingly.Inthisinstance,thedesignerprovidingaletterof
assurancefortheglazingcomponentmayinsistthathehavecopiesoftheletters
ofassuranceprovidedfortheguardrail,stanchionsandconnectionstobase
structure.

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4.4 Designersmayoverseeindividualelements.However,itistheresponsibilityof
thedesignertoensurethatacompetentloadpathexistsandthatacomplete
guardassemblyispossible.Takingprofessionalresponsibilityforonecomponent
inanassemblydoesnotnullifytheresponsibilitytoalsoensurethatother
componentsfittogethertocreateacompletestructuralassemblyincludingan
appropriateattachmenttothebasestructure.
4.5 ShopdrawingsshouldbepreparedinaccordancewiththeGuidelinesonShop
DrawingspublishedbyAPEGBC.Thefollowingbasicelementsmustbeidentified
ontheshopdrawings:
Clearlyshowtheelementsforwhichdesignresponsibilityisassumed(e.g.
usedarkerlinetypes).
Showthecompletedguardassemblyandclearlyidentifythestructural
functionandrequirementforthosecomponentsforwhichdesign
responsibilityisassumedtobebyothers.
Identifytheintendedloadpathtothebasestructure.
Showreactionloads.
Showconnectiondetails.
Providegeneralnotesindicatingmaterialsused,designcodesreferenced,
anddescriptionofthescopeofwork.
Provideaplandrawingshowingtheextentandlocationofitems.

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5.0 Acknowledgements
Thefollowingindividualshavecontributedtothedevelopmentofthese
Guidelines:
JimMutrie,P.Eng.,JonesKwongKishi
RobertJirava,P.Eng.,RDJStructuralDesignsLtd.
ThorTandy,P.Eng,UNISOLEngineeringltd.
GaryW.Berkeley,P.Eng.,BerkeleyVadoczEngineeringInc.
LeonardPianalto,P.Eng.,ReadJonesChristoffersen

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 APPENDIXACODEREFERENCES
Thefollowingparagraphsaretakeninwholeorinpartfromthecodesandstandards
referenced.Thereadershouldrefertothedocumentfortheexactandmostcurrent
wording.Thesecitationsareprovidedforreferenceonlyandshouldnotbedirectly
relieduponfordesigncalculations.
Part3Requirements
3.3.1.18.Guards
3.3.2.9
3.4.6.5.Guards
3.4.6.4.(9)forloadsonhandrails
Part4Requirements
4.1.5.15.LoadsonGuards
[SeeAppendixA]
Part9Requirements
9.8.8.Guards
9.8.8.1.RequiredGuards
[SeeAppendixA]
[SeealsoArticle9.7.5.3.]
Table9.8.8.2
WorkSafeBCrequirements
Section4.54oftheRegulationprovidesthefollowingdefinitions:
Insections4.54to4.63
Insections4.55guardraillocationsareprescribedasfollows:
Section4.58(4)oftheOHSRegulation("Regulation")states:
RefertoWorksafeBCOHSregulations.
CAN/CSB12.20M89STRUCTURALDESIGNOFGLASSFORBUILDINGS
7.1GlassGuardsandBalustrade
AppendixA3.1Glasscanbeusedasastructuralmaterial,asitisbothstrongandrigid.
Themaindistinguishingcharacteristicofglassisitsbrittleness.Consequentlywhenglass
isusedasastructuralcomponentitmustbedesignedtowithstandthedesignloads,to
accommodate all movements of its supporting members and have aredundancyof at
leastonefailsafeloadpathintheeventofthefailureofacomponent.
AppendixA5.GlassGuardsandBalustrades

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A5.1Whenabrittlematerialwithvariablemechanicalpropertieslikeglassisusedasa
structuralcomponentwiththepotentialforcatastrophicconsequencesintheeventof
failure,bothincreasedloadfactorsandalternativeloadpathsarerequiredinthedesign.
For glass guards and balustrades the standard addresses these factors by the
requirementforalternatelightsbeassumedfailedinthestrengthdetermination,anda
rigidcontinuousguardovertwoormorelights.
A5.2 Glass guards may have exposed edges and as glass edges are intrinsically weak,
especiallywiththinglass,thedesignershouldgiveconsiderationtohardbodyimpact
attheedgesandprovideprotectionifnecessary.Examplesofhardbodyimpactinclude
stonesandfloorcleaningequipment.
A5.3Thefixingoftheglassatthebasemustensurethatallbendingmomentscanbe
resisted and that rotation is minimized. An expanding grout may be used to fix glass.
Whensupportingfinsofglassareusedtheymustbefixedbyfrictionboltsoradhesivein
accordancewithestablishedengineeringprincipals.

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 APPENDIXBGUIDEFORTESTINGOFGUARDS
Scope
Whilesuppliersoftenstatethattheirtestingshowsthatguardshavemorecapacitythan
required;thetestingmethodsused,theloadlevelsappliedandthefailuremodearenot
alwaysprovidedorevident.ThisAppendixisintendedtoaddressthesequestions.
DesignofGuards
1) GuardsmustbedesignedtotheapplicableCSAdesignstandard(s)forthematerial(s)
usedintheirconstructionfortheloadingspecifiedinNBC4.1.5.15.
2) Inlieuofthedesignrequirementsin1),guardsdesignmaybeacceptedonthebasis
ofloadtestingcomplyingwiththefollowingparagraphs.
3) AllguardsmustbetestedinaccordancetoClause13ofCSAS15705unlessthere
areequivalenttestingrequirementintherelatedmaterialstandard.
4) ASTME985mayalsobereferencedfordefiningtestmethodspertinentto
permanentmetalrailingsystemsandrails.
5) Guardsmustbetestedinanapprovedtestinglaboratory(orequivalentasdeemedby
theProfessionalEngineer)underthesupervisionofaProfessionalEngineer.some
manufacturesmaybeabletoinstallgoodtestingsetupsandthereforenotneedthe
useofatestinglaboratorybutthentheP.Eng.shoulddirectthetestandcertifythat
thetestingequipmentmeetstherequirementsofASTME935.
6) ThetestingmustbecarriedoutinaccordancewithASTME935StandardTest
MethodsforPerformanceofPermanentMetalRailingSystemsandRailsforBuildings
latesteditionassuggestedbyClause13.2.2ofCSAS15705.Railingsmustbetestedby
methodsA,B,CandDifapplicable.
7) TheloadstobeusedinthetestsmustbebasedonthespecifiedloadsfromNBC
4.1.5.15.
8) TheappliedforcesfortheultimatelimitstatetestingasrequiredbyClause13.2.1.2
mustbe:
a) Afactoredloadof1.67timesthespecifiedloadwithoutanyyieldingofthe
assembly(=0.9)
b) Afactoredloadof2.0timesthespecifiedloadifthefailuremodeisductile(=
0.75).
c) Afactoredloadof2.25timesthespecifiedloadifthefailuremodeisbrittle(=
0.67).
9) TheresistanceoftheGuardmustbetakenasthecharacteristicresistancein
accordancetoClause13.3.2.1.
10) ForglassguardsrefertoASTME2353StandardTestMethodsforPerformanceof
GlassinPermanentGlassRailingSystems,GuardsandBalustrades.

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 APPENDIXCCASESTUDIES
Thefollowingcasestudiesareintendedtoillustratedifferentscenariosthatmaybe
encounteredwithanengineeredguardassembly.Thesecasesarefictitiousandare
intendedtoprovideanecdotalprecedentsinpartitioningdesignresponsibilityamong
differentstakeholdersintheconstructionteam.
Scenario1:TraditionalnewconstructionprojectinvolvingaPart3buildingwithan
architectandbasebuildingstructuralengineer.ThebuildingisatypicalLowerMainland
concretetowerwithguardssurroundingexteriorbalconies.Theworkisproceeding
underapermitgrantedbytherespectiveauthorityhavingjurisdiction.Theguards
proposedforthisprojectincludealuminumpostsandtoprailwithglassinfill.
KeyRolesdefiningareasofprofessionalresponsibility:
1. ArchitectContractiswiththeOwner;hassignedthelettersofassurance(Schedule
B)assumingresponsibilityforthearchitectsscopewhichincludesthepurviewover
structuraldesignandattachmentofguardcomponents.
2. BaseBuildingStructuralEngineerContractiswiththeArchitect;hassignedletters
ofassurance(ScheduleB)assumingresponsibilityforthestructuralintegrityofthe
basebuildingincludingeffectsofsecondarycomponentssuchasguardsandtheir
attachmentstothebasebuilding.
3. SpecialtyStructuralEngineerContractiswiththesupplier/subcontractorwhois
inturncontractedtothegeneralcontractor;hassignedaletterofassurance
(ScheduleSinaccordancewithbulletinK).
Keyinteractionsduringthecourseofconstruction:
1. Architecturaldrawingsandspecificationsprovidegeneraldetailsofformincluding
shape,color,overalldimensionsandmaterialsofconstructionfortheproposed
guards.
2. Generalcontractorengagesasubcontractortoprovideaproposedsystemto
generallyconformtotheArchitecturalspecifications.Thesubcontractorprovides
shopdrawingsdetailingallaspectsoftheproposedguard.Aninitialsubmissionmay
notbestampedasitmaybeincompleteandintendedtosolicitfeedbackfromthe
architectaboutspecificdesigncharacteristicsthatmaybeentirelyaesthetic.
3. Oncesuchdetailsareagreedupon,thesubcontractorwillsubmitasetofshop
drawingsthatbearthesealofaprofessionalengineerregisteredinBritishColumbia.
Theseshopdrawingsshouldincludeallrelevantdetailstoshowthestructural
functionoftheassemblyincludingmaterialsused,fasteners,andhowtheguard
interactswiththebasebuildingincludingindicationoftheforcestransferredtothe
basebuilding.TheseshopdrawingsareforwardedontotheArchitectviathe
GeneralContractor.
4. DesignbySpecialtyEngineertoprovideconnectiontotheprimarystructureand
mustincludethedesignofcollateralsecondaryelementsasnecessarytopassthe

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 loadthroughtotheprimarystructure.Ifconnectingtoasteelstud,forexample,the
shopdrawingsmustindicatetherequirementfortheconnection(e.g.18gasteel
studrequiredattheguardattachment).
5. SpecialtyEngineertofollowinstructionsforconnectiontoprimarystructureas
providedbytheStructuraldrawings.Thisengineermustcontactthebasebuilding
StructuralEngineerofRecordtodiscussanyanchorageconcerns.
6. TheArchitectwillreviewtheshopdrawingsandforwardasetofthedrawingstothe
basebuildingStructuralEngineertoreviewtheguardsfortheireffectonthebase
building.TheStructuralEngineerwillnotreviewthestructuraladequacyofthe
guardassemblybuthewillreviewtheadequacyoftheproposedfastenersto
transfertheguardloadstothebasebuilding.
7. Oncetheshopdrawingshavebeenreviewedandacceptedtheinstallationwill
proceed.Duringtheinstallation,thespecialtyengineeractingforthesubcontractor
shouldvisitthesiteathisdiscretiontoconductfieldreviewsasrequiredandas
definedinBulletinK.Thescopeofthefieldreviewshouldalignwiththescopeof
responsibilitydefinedinthesealedshopdrawings.
8. AtcompletionoftheinstallationthespecialtyengineerwillsubmittheScheduleS.If
required,hewillcontactthebasebuildingstructuralengineertoclarifyanymatters
thatrelatetothestructuralinteractionbetweentheguardassemblyandthebase
building.Thisisadeclarationthatthespecialtyengineermakesinsigningthe
ScheduleS.ThisisconsistentwiththefollowingstatementintheModelScheduleS
BAssuranceofProfessionalDesignandCommitmentforFieldReviewwhichreadsas
follows:
IconfirmIhaveliaisedasrequiredwiththeappropriateRegisteredProfessionalsforthe
purposesofmyservices.
AdditionalComments
Scenario1islikelythemostcommonthatwillbeencounteredintypicallowermainland
constructionprojects.Thereareanumberofsimilarvariantsofthisscenariothat
warrantfurtherdiscussionasfollows:
Scenario1a: Newconstructionprojectwithguardassemblyincorporatingseveral
engineeredcomponents.ThiswillbesimilartoScenario1yetmoredemandingforthe
coordinatingprofessionalastherewillbeanumberofspecialtyengineersinvolvedin
definingthecompletedassembly.Somecomponentswillinteractwiththebase
building,whileotherswillinteractwithotherspecialtycomponents.Ensuringagainst
conflictingrequirementsaswellasgapsinresponsibilitywillbeasignificantchallengein
thisscenario.
Amodificationtothedefinitionofthekeyplayersisasfollows:
1. MultipleSpecialtyStructuralEngineersContractswillbewithanumberofthe
suppliers/subcontractorswhoareinturncontractedtothegeneralcontractor;
eachhavesignedlettersofassurance(ScheduleSinaccordancewithbulletinK).

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Scenario1b: AnothercommoncaseonPart4buildingsoccurswheretherearea
varietyofguardelementsthatarefabricatedfroma"basic"material,saystructural
steel.Forexample:commonsteelpicketedguard/handrailinaconcretestairwell,tobe
fabricatedbythesteelfabricatororpossiblythemiscellaneousmetalsfabricatorif
suchasubcontractisinplace.
OftentheseitemscanfallintothelapofthebasebuildingStructuralEngineerwhichwill
bethecaseifallthedetailsoftheguardassemblyareshownonthestructuraldrawings
oronthearchitecturaldrawingswithsomestructuralcomments.
Othertimesthefabricatorgoesaheadandpreparesshopdrawingsbasedonthe
architect'sdrawings.Often,theshopdrawingscontainavarietyofstructuralproblems
thatarerevealedfollowingreviewbytheStructuralEngineer.
Itisrecommendedthataspecialtyengineerbeengagedinthesecircumstances.The
requirementforengineeringshouldbenodifferentthanforotherpreengineered
componentssuchasopenwebsteeljoistsorcommercialglazingassemblies.
Thisshouldbemadeclearinthespecifications.Typicallymiscellaneousmetalsare
definedintheDivision5specifications.However,anyprojectthatincludesguards
shouldincludeaseparatespecificationtocoverallguardassemblies.Thiswouldcover
architecturalguardassembliesthatmightbetypicallyencounteredinlivingspaceslike
balconiesandmezzaninesaswellasutilitarianguardsthatmightbetypicallyseeninexit
stairsandparkades.
AppendixDcontainsanexamplegenericNMSMasterFormatSpecification.
Scenario2: ProprietaryGuardsysteminvolvingapreengineeredguardassembly
essentiallyorderedoutofacatalogue.
KeyRolesdefiningareasofprofessionalresponsibility:
1. ArchitectContractiswiththeOwner;hassignedthelettersofassurance(Schedule
B)assumingresponsibilityforthearchitectsscopewhichincludesthepurviewover
structuraldesignandattachmentofguardcomponents.
2. BaseBuildingStructuralEngineerContractiswiththeArchitect;hassignedletters
ofassurance(ScheduleB)assumingresponsibilityforthestructuralintegrityofthe
basebuildingincludingeffectsofsecondarycomponentssuchasguardsandtheir
attachmentstothebasebuilding.
KeyInteractionsduringthecourseofconstruction:
1. Architecturaldrawingsandspecificationsprovideaspecificproducttobeinstalled.
Shopdrawingsmayormaynotberequireddependingonthenatureoftheproduct
andproject.However,itisstillessentialfortheStructuralEngineertobemade
awareofthefasteningmethodandconfigurationsuchthathecanprovidesuitable
basebuildingstructuretoresisttheguardloads.
2. Generalcontractorpurchasesproductandinstallsitasperthemanufacturers
instructions.

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3. guardsuppliermustprovidecapacitycriteriaandinstallationdetailsforallaspects
includingbaseconnection(usehiltiproductsforexample).
4. Inthiscasethereisnoneedforaspecialtyengineerasthearchitectassumesthe
designresponsibilityofthesystem.Theymayrelyonpreengineeringthathasbeen
completedbythemanufacturer.ThiswillbeentirelyattheArchitectsdiscretion.
Regardlessofwhatinformationthearchitectreliesupon,hewillassume
responsibilityforassuringallbuildingcoderequirementsrelatedtotheguard
assemblyincludingthosedefinedinPart4.
Scenario3: Renovationprojectwithnoarchitect.Engineeractsasprimeconsultant,
buildingenvelopeengineerandstructuralengineer.
KeyRolesdefiningareasofprofessionalresponsibility:
1. PrimeconsultantengineerContractiswiththeOwner;hassignedthelettersof
assurance(ScheduleB)assumingresponsibilityforthearchitectsscopewhich
includesthepurviewoverstructuraldesignandattachmentofguardcomponents.
2. SpecialtyStructuralEngineerContractiswiththesupplier/subcontractorwhois
inturncontractedtothegeneralcontractor;hassignedaletterofassurance
(ScheduleSinaccordancewithbulletinK).
KeyInteractionsduringthecourseofconstruction:
1. ThesewillsimilartotheinteractionsdefinedinScenario1.
2. Theprimeconsultantshouldincludeastructuralengineertocoverthereviewof
structuraleffectstothebasebuilding.TheStructuralEngineerwillbeexpectedto
signlettersofassurancetocoverthePart4requirementsofthepermitapplication.
Scenario4: RenovationprojectwithnobasebuildingStructuralEngineer.Such
projectsmightincludeasimplerenovationprojectwherethepermitapplicationismade
byadesigner(i.e.notregisteredwithAIBC),ageneralcontractor,orHomerOwner.
Suchprojectswouldtypicallyincludearesidentialrenovation(i.e.additionofbalconyor
patio).
KeyRolesdefiningareasofprofessionalresponsibility:
1. Designer,GeneralContractor,HomeOwnerTherearenolettersofassurance;
permitisgrantedunderpurviewofthebuildinginspector(intheCityofVancouver
thisissometimesreferredtoasafieldreviewpermit).
2. SpecialtyStructuralEngineerContractmaybewiththeOwner,GeneralContractor,
OrSupplier;musttakeresponsibilityforthespecialtyitemaswellastheeffecton
thebasebuilding.
3. BuildingInspectorRepresentsAuthorityHavingJurisdiction;willconductfield
reviewstoensurepermitandbuildingcodecompliance;willrequestengineeringon
variouscomponentsasheseesfitduringthecourseofhisinspections.
KeyInteractionsduringthecourseofconstruction:

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1. TheguardassemblywillbeinstalledbytheOwnerdirectlyorbyacontractor.
2. Oncecompleteandpriortograntingoccupancy(i.e.closingthepermit)thebuilding
inspectormayrequestlettersofassurance.Theremaybeanumberofcomponents
thatwillrequirelettersofassurancesuchasengineeredwoodproducts(e.g.truss
joistglulamheader)orguards.
3. TheSpecialtyEngineershouldsubmitLettersofAssuranceincludingScheduleBand
CB.TheselettersaredifferentfromtheScheduleSbecausetheywillrequirethat
theengineertakeresponsibilityfortheconnectiontothebasebuildingandthe
effectonthebasebuilding.TheLettersofAssurancewillbeaddressedtothe
buildinginspector.
4. TheSpecialtyEngineershouldtakespecialprecautionsinaccuratelydefininghis
scopeofresponsibilityashewilllikelybetheonlyprofessionalengineerinthe
project.

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 APPENDIXDMODELSPECIFICATIONFORGUARDS
Thefollowingisintendedtobeanexampleofaspecificationthatmightbeusedto
definetherequirementsforaguardassembly.

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DIVISION 10 - SPECIALTIES
[PROJECT NAME] Section 10 22 30
[PROJECT #] GUARD AND HAND RAILS
Page 18

1.0 GENERAL
1.1 WORKINCLUDED
1.1.1 Guards,guardrailsandhandrailsindicatedonthedrawings.
1.1.2 Glassinfillpanels.
1.2 1.2RELATEDWORK
1.2.1 Section09900FinishPainting
1.2.2 Section08800Glass
1.3 1.3REFERENCESTANDARDS(Mostrecentversionunlessnotedotherwise)
1.3.1 CAN/CSAS16.1,LimitStatesDesignofSteelStructures.
1.3.2 CAN/CSAS157,LimitStatesDesignofAluminumStructures.
1.3.3 CAN/CSAO86.1,LimitStatesDesignofWoodStructures.
1.3.4 CAN/CGSB12.20,StructuralDesignofGlassforBuildings.
1.3.5 CAN/CGSB12.1,Glass,Safety,TemperedorLaminated.
1.3.6 AmericanArchitecturalManufacturersAssociation.
1.3.7 ASTMA269,SpecificationforSeamlessandWeldedAusteniticStainlessSteelTubingfor
GeneralService.
1.3.8 CAN/CSAG40.20/G40.21,GeneralRequirementsforRolledorWeldedStructuralQuality
Steel.
1.3.9 CAN/CSAG164,HotDipGalvanizingforIrregularlyShapedArticles.
1.3.10 CSAW59,WeldedSteelConstruction(MetalArcWelding).
1.3.11 CSAW59.2,WeldedAluminum.
1.4 DESIGNCRITERIA
1.4.1 Loads and load factors are determined in accordance with the National Building Code
and the bylaws of the local municipality. Resistances must be determined by the
applicablematerialdesignstandards.
<Spec note: Is loading for egress from assembly areas required? If so there can be
significant loads transmitted to the base structure. This should be coordinated with the
basebuildingstructuralengineer.>
1.5 SUBMITTALS
1.5.1 If requested, submit three (3) certified copies of mill reports covering chemical and
mechanicalproperties,andcoatingdesignationofsteelusedinthiswork.
1.5.2 SubmitsamplesofframingandfastenercomponentstoConsultantifrequested.

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1.5.3 SubmitduplicatesamplesofjoiningandfinishestotheConsultantforapproval.
1.5.4 ProductData
.1 Submit product data for mechanical fasteners, indicating sizes, shear, and pullover
loading capacity where applicable. Provide data indicating thickness and type of
corrosionprotectioncoating.
.2 Submit product data indicating suitability of explosive powder actuated fasteners for
application.
1.5.5 ShopDrawings
.1 Shopdrawingsmustincorporateplans,allelevations,sectionsandfullsizedetailsforall
workinthissection.Completelydetailitemsindicatingalldimensionsandmethodsof
fixing,fieldjointing,attachmenttobuildingstructure,size,thickness,gaugesofmetals
andfastenersinaccordancewithAPEGBCGuidelineForShopDrawingPreparation.
.2 Noworkmustbefabricateduntiltheshopdrawingsandsampleshavebeenreviewed
by the Consultant. The Consultants review must be for conformity to the design
concept,forgeneralarrangementonlyandsuchreviewmustnotrelievetheContractor
ofanyoftheirresponsibilities.
.3 ShopdrawingsmustbesealedbyaProfessionalEngineer.
.4 TheEngineerwhosealedtheshopdrawingsmustprovideperiodicfieldreview.Written
inspectionreportsoffieldreviewmustbesubmittedtotheConsultantpromptlyasfield
reviewsaremade.
1.5.6 SubmitevidenceofwelderqualificationsspecifiedinthisSection.
1.5.7 MaintenanceData:
.1 Submitdatacoveringthecare,cleaningandmaintenanceoffinishesforincorporationin
maintenancemanuals.
.2 LettersofAssurance:TheEngineerwhosealedtheshopdrawingsmustsubmittothe
Consultantwiththeinitialshopdrawingsubmission,anAssuranceofStructuralDesign
andcommitmentforFieldReview.
1.6 QUALITYASSURANCE
1.6.1 Contractor to provide proof of manufacturer training for installation of proprietary
fastenersystems.
1.6.2 Welding must be by company certified by the Canadian Welding Bureau to
CSAW47.192,CertificationofCompaniesforFusionWeldingofSteelStructures.

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1.6.3 AnyglazedelementsshouldbecompletedbyJourneymenglaziersandbemembersin
goodstandingwiththeprovincialglazingcontractorsassociation.
1.7 DELIVERY,STORAGEANDHANDLING
1.7.1 Exercise care in storing, handing and erecting all material and support all materials
properly at all times so that no piece will be bent, twisted or otherwise damaged
structurallyorvisually.
1.7.2 Correct damaged material and where damaged is deemed irreparable by the
Consultant,replacetheaffecteditematnoadditionalexpensetotheOwner.
1.7.3 Fabricate large assemblies so they can be safely and easily handled to their place of
installation.
1.8 MOCKUPGUARDANDHANDRAILS
<Specnote:Deleteifnotrequired.>
1.8.1 Provide a complete mockup of a guardrail and or handrail on site for review by the
Consultant.MakerevisionstomockupasrequiredbytheConsultant.
1.8.2 Mockup must include all components of the system, including typical joints and
connectionhardware,andtypicaltieinstoadjoiningsystems,allfinishedasspecified.
1.8.3 Modifythemockupatnoadditionalcosttothecontractasmayberequiredtomeet
designandperformancerequirements.
1.8.4 Mockup,ifdeemedtobeingeneralconformancewiththeSpecificationsandDrawings
bytheConsultant,mustremainonsiteasfinishedpartofthework.
1.9 SITECONDITIONS
1.9.1 Ensuretemperatureandventilationconditionsaremaintainedforvariouscomponents
andmaterialsofthesystem,asrequiredbymanufacturer.
1.9.2 Protectworkofothersectionsandsubtradesfromdamageresultingfromworkofthis
section.
1.9.3 Takenecessarycaretoavoiddamageofadjacentsurfaces.
1.9.4 Examinetheunderlyingvisiblesurfacesandadjoiningworkandreportdefectsattimeof
installation,whichmightimpairtheworkofthissectiontotheConsultant,inwriting.
1.9.5 Commencementofworkmustimplyacceptanceofsurfaces.
1.9.6 Cooperatewithothertradestoaccommodatefixturesandattachmentsinthesystem.

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1.10 REVIEW
1.10.1 TheDesignEngineer,responsiblefortheproductionoftheshopdrawings,mustprovide
periodicfieldreviewduringconstructionandmustsubmitreports.
1.10.2 Additional inspection and testing of materials workmanship may be carried out by a
qualifiedindependentInspectionAgencyappointedbytheConsultant.
.1 ThecostofthisadditionalinspectionmustbepaidbytheOwner.
.2 Any testing or inspection required by the Consultant because of an error by the
Contractoror due to departure from thecontract documents by theContractor,must
bepaidforbytheContractor.
1.10.3 Reviewmustinclude
.1 Checkingthatmilltestreportsareproperlycorrelatedtomaterials.
.2 Sampling fabrication and erection procedures for general conformity to the
requirementsofthespecification.
.3 Checkingthattheweldingconformstotherequirementsofthisspecification.
.4 Checkingfabricatedmembersagainstspecifiedmembershapes.
.5 Visual inspection of all welded connections including sample checking of joint
preparationandfitup.
.6 Samplecheckingofscrewedandboltedjoints.
.7 Samplecheckingthattolerancesarenotexceededduringfituporerection.
.8 AdditionalinspectionandtestingofweldedconnectionsasrequiredbyCSAW59.
.9 GeneralInspectionoffieldcuttingandalternationsrequiredbyothertrades.
.10 Submission of reports to the Consultant, the Contractor, and the authorities having
jurisdictioncoveringtheworkinspectedwithdetailsofdeficienciesdiscovered.
1.10.4 The Contractor must provide the necessary cooperation to insure that the review can
proceed.
1.10.5 The review provided in this section does not relieve the Contractor of their
responsibilityfortheperformanceofthecontract.TheContractorissolelyresponsible
for quality control and must implement their own supervisory and quality control
procedures.
1.10.6 Materials or workmanship not conforming to the requirements of the contract

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documentsmayberejectedatanytimeduringtheprogressorwork.

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2. PRODUCTS
2.1 MATERIALS
<Specnote:SpecifymaterialsinthissectionorrefertoappropriateSection,i.e.05500
MetalFabricationsor08800GlassandGlazing>.
2.2 ANCHORINGANDCONNECTION
<Spec note: Specify connectors in this section (proprietary connectors, inserts, screws,
welding)orrefertoappropriateSection,i.e.05500MetalFabricationor08800Glassand
glazing.
2.3 FINISHES
<Spec note: Specify finishes in this section (galvanized, chromium plated, or painted
steel)ortoappropriateSection,i.e.Section09900Finishes)

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3. EXECUTION
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1. Fabricationanderectionmustconformtotheshopdrawings.Modificationsrequiredto
accommodate asbuilt conditions, other than minor dimensional changes, must be
submittedforapproval.
3.2 PREPARATION
3.2.1 Priortostartoferection,examinetheworkoftheothersectionsuponwhichthework
ofthissectiondependsandreporttoConsultantanyunsatisfactoryconditions.
3.2.2 Examineandobtainallnecessarymeasurementsofpreviouslyexecutedworkthatmay
affecttheworktothisDivision.
3.3 ERECTION
<Specnote:Addspecificinstallation/erectionrequirementshere,orrefertoappropriate
Section>.
3.4 TOUCHUPANDCLEANING
3.4.1 Touchuprivets,fieldwelds,boltsandburntorscratchedsurfacesaftercompletionof
erection using primer for primed components and zincrich paint for galvanized
componentstomatchoriginalfinish.
3.4.2 Touchupdamagedfinishes.

ENDOFSECTION

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