AR 443A: Planning 3_Intro to Urban & Regional Planning Arch. Eduardo F. Bober, Jr.

Week 11: Development Trends

HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS

Post WWII housing programs by the National Government, e.g. Projects 1-8 in Quezon City (c.
1950-1960). SD and duplexes.
Housing program under Pres. Marcos (1960-1970), SD (3-BR & 2-BR), BLISS (Walk-up
Apartments), Tenement Housing.
Planned Unit Development (PUDs) (1975-1985), Townhouses,
1990s MXDs, Fort Bonifacio, Office Condominiums, Residential Condominiums. Rowhouses.

General trend shows house and lot packages are getting smaller

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS
R.A. 7916 Special Economic Zone Act of 1995

SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy. It is the declared policy of the government to translate into practical
realities the following State policies and mandates in the 1987 Constitution, namely:
(a) "The State recognizes the indispensible role of the private sector, encourages private enterprise, and
provides incentives to needed investments." (Sec. 20, Art II)

(b) "The State shall promote the preferential use of Filipino labor, domestic materials and locally produced
goods and adopt measures that help make them competitive." (Sec. 12, Art XII)
Declaration of Policy (continued)

In pursuance of these policies, the government shall actively encourage, promote, induce and accelerate a
sound and balanced industrial, economic and social development of the country in order to provide jobs to
the people specially those in the rural areas, increase their productivity and their individual and family
income, and thereby improve the level and quality of their living condition through the establishment,
among others, of special economic zones in suitable and strategic locations in the country and through
measures that shall effectively attract legitimate and productive foreign investments.

Special Economic Zones

Export Manufacturing - manufacturing, assembly or processing activity resulting in the exportation of at

least 70% of production. (Manufacturing / Processing shall mean the process by which raw materials or
semi-finished materials are converted into a new product through a change in their physical, mechanical or
electro-magnetic characteristics and/or chemical properties. Assembly shall mean the process by which
semi-finished parts or materials are put together or combined to form a distinct product without substantially
changing its physical or mechanical characteristics or electro-magnetic and/or chemical properties.)
Eligible firms shall qualify for registration as Economic Zone Export Manufacturing Enterprise.

IT (Information Technology) Service Export - IT service activities, of which 70% of total revenues is derived
from clients abroad. (IT Service Activities are activities which involve the use of any IT software and/or
system for value addition). Among the IT Service activities eligible for incentives are: IT-enabled services
such as business process outsourcing, call centers, data encoding, transcribing and processing, etc.;
software development and application, including programming and adaptation of system softwares and
middlewares; for business, media, e-commerce, education, entertainment, etc.; content development for
multi-media or internet purposes; and others. Eligible firms shall qualify for registration as IT Enterprise.

Tourism establishment and operation within PEZA Tourism Special Economic Zones of sports and
recreation centers, accommodation, convention, and cultural facilities and their special interest attraction
activities / establishments, with foreign tourists as primary clientele. Eligible firms shall qualify for
registration as Tourism Economic Zone Locator Enterprise.

Medical Tourism medical health services, endorsed by the Department of Health, with foreign patients as
primary clientele. Eligible firms shall qualify for registration as Medical Tourism Enterprise in a Medical
Tourism Special Economic Zone Park or Center.

Agro-industrial Export Manufacturing processing and or manufacturing of agricultural products resulting in

the exportation of its production. (Processing shall mean the conversion of any agricultural and marine
products from its raw state into intermediate or final product which undergo physical and/or chemical
change through mechanical and/or chemical process.) Eligible firms shall qualify for registration as Agro-
Industrial Economic Zone Export Enterprise.

Agro-industrial Bio-Fuel Manufacturing specialized manufacturing of agricultural crops and eventual

commercial processing which shall result in the production of clean energy such as bio-fuels and the like.
Eligible firms shall qualify for registration as Agro-Industrial Economic Zone Enterprise.

TOURISM DEVELOPMENTS
R.A. 9593 National Tourism Act of 2009

Created the Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA). The TIEZA shall ensure that
TEZs will not proliferate in a manner that diminishes their strategic economic and developmental value to
the national economy. TIEZA shall encourage the dispersal of economic activities in the countryside,
particularly in the least developed areas identified in the annual Investment Priorities Plan (IPP).

Tourism Enterprise Zones (TEZs)

Cultural Heritage Tourism Zone areas that will allow the tourist to experience the places, artifacts and
activities that authentically represent the stories of the people living in the area, past or present.
a. Cultural landscapes;
b. Historic sites, areas and precincts;
c. Ruins, archaeological and maritime sites;
d. Sites associated with industrial, scientific and agricultural heritage;
e. Collections that house or collectively promote objects of heritage significance;
f. Historic places and areas, including villages, small towns, cities and parts of larger urban areas
with significant cultural and heritage assets;
g. Museums, Art Galleries, Cultural Centers, Arts & Crafts Shops, and Antique Shops, and Cultural
Sites.
 Health and Wellness Tourism Zone areas that will allow visitors to avail of quality but affordable
mainstream, traditional, or alternative healthcare services for treatment of illnesses and health
problems in order to maintain ones health and well-being.
a. Medical and Allied Services;
b. Spas;
c. Health Farms;
d. Counselling and Rehabilitation Services; and
e. Traditional Filipino Touch Therapy

Eco-Tourism Zone - areas that will allow visitors to experience a form of sustainable tourism within a
given natural and/or cultural area where community participation, conservation and management of
biodiversity, respect for culture and indigenous knowledge systems and practices, environmental
education and ethics as well as economic benefits are fostered and pursued for the enrichment of host
communities and satisfaction of visitors.
a. Sites of scenic natural or rural beauty;
b. Areas for observing wildlife;
c. Areas for low impact activities such as camping, trekking, climbing, spelunking, diving, surfing,
and other similar activities; and
d. Sites for observing & interacting with traditional or indigenous practices in relation to the
environment

General Leisure Tourism Zone areas that may offer recreational facilities that will have high visitor
density.
a. Golf Parks/Resorts
b. Theme Parks and Amusement Centers
c. Convention and Meeting Centers
d. Sports Complexes/Resorts
e. Event Centers/Resorts
f. Department Stores/Restaurants/Shops
g. Zoos

Mixed Use Tourism Zone areas that will allow a combination of some or all of the features of the
aforementioned zones within one area.

Retirement communities and facilities duly accredited by the Philippine Retirement Authority may be
located in General Leisure Tourism Zones, Health and Wellness Tourism Zones and Mixed-used Tourism
Zones.

DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND CONCERNS

Urban sprawl

Proliferation of blighted areas/slums

Adverse impact to the environment if not regulated properly.

In Urban centers, uncontrolled estate development may lead to gentrification, proliferation of
informal settlements, etc.
Some Examples on the issues

Unabated Land Conversion

Between 1988 to 2000, Region IV ranked first in the country in terms of the number of applications for land
use conversion. There were 753 applications. Of these, 696 were approved, covering land area of 14,422
hectares. For the same period, the area withdrawn from agriculture jumped by 617 percent from 1,682 ha
(before Project CALABARZON) to about 10,378 ha (during Project CALABARZON).

Agricultural lands converted to residential, industrial and commercial use is relatively high in the provinces
of Batangas, Laguna, Rizal and Cavite. For a span of fifteen years from 1984 to 1999, more than 12,000
hectares of agricultural lands were converted mostly for residential purposes indicating a quickening pace
of growth in the regions urban and industrial centers.

Competing Land Uses and Conversions

Victoria experienced continual competition between land uses from agricultural use to industrial, residential
and open space uses, residential to commercial use, and open spaces to residential use. These are very
apparent in the urban areas and in the adjoining rural barangays were changes in the use of lands are well
documented. This issue is mainly attributed to the lenient control and development regulation of the
municipality & the complacent building monitoring with respect to its physical development.

The proliferation of residential subdivisions, industrial production and memorial parks in Brgy. Bulo eats up
substantial portion of agricultural tracts of land. If this scenario will not be controlled, it will result to the
potential and permanent loss of prime agricultural lands & would tremendously affect the sustainability of
the municipalitys agricultural production & activities. Also, the conversion of such into residential uses
would result to an amoebic urban sprawl.

From 1999 to 2009, farmlands of high potential productivity shifted to non-farm uses. These accounts to
1.67 hectares of land use change per year in the municipality or a total of 14.92 hectares of agricultural
lands converted. 13.13 hectares or 87.77% were converted to residential (7.63 hectares) and open spaces
(5.50 hectares) respectively.

Under LGC of 1991 (RA 7160). Land reclassification shall be limited to a maximum of the percentage of
the total agricultural land of a city or municipality at the time of the passage of the ordinance as follows:
(1) For highly urbanized and independent component cities, fifteen percent (15%);
(2) For component cities and first to third class municipalities, ten percent (10%); and
(3) For fourth to sixth class municipalities, five percent (5%).

Sources/References: Bober, Eduardo Jr. F (2010). CLUP of Victoria, Tarlac: Issues and Concerns.
Destacamanto, Louie (2010). Conversion of Agriculture Lands: The Case of Calabarzon.
RA 9593: Guidelines for the Designation and Supervision of Tourism Enterprise Zones and the
Adminsitratin of Incentives
Philippine Economic Zone Authority Website