Test 1 30 Oct Analysis

FINAL RC TSRTEGY IS .................
READ THE QUESTION FIRST( REALLY REALLY CAREFULLY

CHEWING EACH WORD ....AND DECIDE IF IT IS DETAILED OR AN INFERENCE ...OR A
GENERAL BROAD QUESTION )
..........NOW START CLOSELY READIN AND UNDERTSNADING PARA .....AND CATCHING THE
DETIALED QUESTION .......
now again if it is detailed u will catch the info ..in the passage and stop and solve then and
there
but if it is a except question...auhtor gree question read the 2 paras ...solve till there if it
can be dealt and the go ahead
IF IT IS PRIMARY PURPOSE QUESTION WHILE READIN IF U HAVE UNDERSTOOD THE

BASICS OF WHAT IS THE PASSAGE SAYING AND THEN SKIP AN DMOVE TO THE STRCUTRE
OF THE NEXT PAra ...AND SO ON
READ THE KEYWORDS OF THE QUESTION TILL THE LAST WORD U MISS ...A LOT OF INFOR
OF THE QUESTION AS U ASSUMME IN HURRY WHAT WOULD THE QUETION WILL BE ...IT IN
NOT ONLY IMPORTANT TO GET THE CRUX INFOR BUT THE ENTIRE DETAIL OF THE
QUESTION
AT THE BEGINNING BE VERY METHODICAL READ THE QUESTION KEYWORD FOR THE "CR "
REALLY CAREFULLY WHAT IT SAYS EVEN IF IT I A HALF LINE ASSUMPTION STIMULUS
..........BECUZ IF IT GIVES SOME HIND ABOUT THE LOCATION OF CONLUIOSN ETC ...AND U
MISSS .......U R GONE
if u r confused it is bound togo wrong ........even if it is the first question just take a call
ur downfall starts rights at the beginning ..........
RC never try to attempt long RC completely. 3 OR MORE PARAS ....3 PARAS IS STILL
MANAGEABLE
.........read the first AND SECOND para completely ................now read the question
...............and try to figure out if u can quickly answer it after reading the follwoing assages
.........if u find thats good else just move n till last para and read it nicely
IF IT IS MORE THAN 3 PARA ....SAY 4 PARAS................THE GO THRU THE FIRST 2 AND THE
READ QUESTION .......NOW IF U DONT GET IT START SPOTTING
IN THE LAST FEW PARA WITH BASIC THEME OF EACH PARA IN TAKEN CARE OF WHILE
READING AND SPOOTING RELEVANT DETAILS OF THE QUESTION MIND
go thru second para theme and third para theme ........and read the last para
completely.........now appraoch
concentrate on the question ...........it says firts sentence so go ehead

with that...then it is obviously "c " u got confused with respect to
what is the conlcusion...
If central business districts were restricted to commercial traffic, which includes taxis and buses, most personal cars would not enter urban
centers. Such a reduction in traffic would reduce the risk of congestion and collisions in central business districts.
The conclusion drawn in the first sentence depends on which of the following assumptions?
Roads and parking facilities outside urban centers are as convenient as those in central business districts for personal cars.
Most roads and parking facilities outside urban centers are not designed to handle commercial traffic.
Most personal cars are not used for commercial purposes.
Personal cars are more likely to cause congestion or be involved in collisions than commercial traffic.
A reduction in personal cars in central business districts would lead eventually to increases in commercial traffic.
Question Statistics:
4% CHOOSE: Roads and parking facilities outside urban centers are as convenient as those in central business districts for personal cars.
0% CHOOSE: Most roads and parking facilities outside urban centers are not designed to handle commercial traffic.
73% CHOOSE: Most personal cars are not used for commercial purposes.
23% CHOOSE: Personal cars are more likely to cause congestion or be involved in collisions than commercial traffic.
0% CHOOSE: A reduction in personal cars in central business districts would lead eventually to increases in commercial traffic.
Sample size = 912
Identify the Question Type:
In addition, the
In the question stem, the keywords "Depends onthe following assumptions" tell us that this is an Assumption question.
phrase "drawn in the first sentence" identifies the location of the conclusion and renders the second sentence as
evidence. Most often assumptions are unstated so we must look to the evidence and conclusion to determine the supporting assumption.
Untangle the Stimulus:
The author concludes that restricting traffic in the urban center to commercial vehicles including buses and taxis would eliminate most personal cars from
entering the urban center and therefore reduce congestion and collisions.
Predict the Answer:
We are told that by restricting personal cars from entering the business district, traffic would lessen and there would be fewer collisions. For this to be
true, the author must assume that personal cars are not used for business purposes.
Evaluate the Choices:
The first sentence concludes that restricting traffic in the urban center, to commercial vehicles including buses and taxis, would eliminate most personal
cars. This conclusion depends on an assumption that personal cars are not used for commercial purposes. Therefore, Choice (C) is the best answer.
Answer Choice (C) "Most personal cars are not used for commercial purposes" is the closest match to our prediction, and is the correct answer.
Choices (A) and (B) are irrelevant; nothing in the passage references roads or parking facilities and are therefore out of scope.
Choice (D): personal cars are more likely to cause congestion or be involved in collisions than commercial traffic,
pertains to the second sentence, but remember, the question focuses solely on the first sentence, so choice (D) is out
of scope.
Choice (E) is irrelevant; there is no mention of increases in commercial traffic in either sentence, so choice (E) is out of scope.
ALWAYS MATCH THE VERB TENSE OF THE INITIAL SENTENCE WITH THAT OF THE LATER
PART .......CONCENTRATE ON THE TENSE AND REFERENCES OF THE NON UNDERLINED
SENTENCES ALWAYS
Except for the single line he delivers in Aeschylus' Choephori to remind his friend Orestes of Apollo's command, Pylades, the
companion of Orestes, remains curiously mute in all tragedies dealing with the Orestes-Electra myth.
Except for the single line he delivers in Aeschylus' Choephori to remind his friend Orestes
Except for the single line delivered as a reminder to Orestes in Aeschylus' Choephori
Besides his single line delivery in Aeschylus' Choephori reminding Orestes
Excepting the single line he delivers in Aeschylus' Choephori to remind Orestes
With the exception of the single line delivered in Aeschylus' Choephori as a reminder to Orestes
Test-taker response data for this question is being updated.
Read the Original Sentence Carefully, Looking for Errors:
In this question, the GMAT tests test taker's ability to simplify sentence to better understand the meaning
Scan and Group the Answer Choices:
The split here is not as helpful as it goes 2-1-1-1 ("Except", "Besides", "Excepting" and "With the exception").
Eliminate Wrong Answer Choices:
Essentially, this question requires us to untangle it. Simplifying, we get, "Pylades is mute except for one line in one tragedy."
Choice (E): Eliminate choice (E) for wordiness - "with the exception of" versus "except for."
Choice (D): Eliminate (D). It uses participle "Excepting", which correctly modifies the subject of the sentence (Pylades), but
introduces new mistake - it is we who must except his line, not Pylades.
Choice (C): Since "besides" is a perfectly correct, concise equivalent of "except for," choice (C) must be evaluated for other
grammatical problems. Because it's the "line" and not the "delivery" that causes Pylades to speak, choice (C) has an incorrect
object for "besides";
Choice (B) makes the verb "delivers" into the "delivered", conflicting with the present
tense "remains" in the second part of the sentence. Eliminate choice (B). Choice (A)
remains as the correct version of the sentence.
Answer Choice (A) is correct. Remember that about 20% of the time choice (A), correct as
written is the right answer, so do not discount it. Also, take a moment to plug your answer
back into the sentence to make sure it makes sense.
ALWAYS MATCH THE OPTIONS WITH THE NON UNDERLINE .....IF THE NON UNDERLINE IS AT
THE BEGIINING ...AND JUST READ ALONG WITH IT IF IT MAKES SENSE
" WAS AS THAT OF " IS WRONG
WAS LIKE THAT OF ....................WAS NOT UNLIKE THAT OF .............STILL MANAGEABLE
While the battalion was engaged in the Battle of the Bulge, its bravery under fire was not unlike that of its Russian counterparts,
who fought off the Germans at the Siege of St. Petersburg.
not unlike that of its Russian counterparts, who fought
not like its Russian counterparts, who fought
like its Russian counterparts and their fight
like that of its Russian counterparts for fighting
as that of its Russian counterparts, who fought
44% CHOOSE: not unlike that of its Russian counterparts, who fought
17% CHOOSE: not like its Russian counterparts, who fought
4% CHOOSE: like its Russian counterparts and their fight
18% CHOOSE: like that of its Russian counterparts for fighting
17% CHOOSE: as that of its Russian counterparts, who fought
Sample size = 24,401
The presence of the word "unlike" tells us that this sentence is creating a comparison; we must ensure that
the comparison is both grammatically and logically sound. The sentence as written compares the battalion's bravery
to that of its Russian counterparts, which is correct. Answer Choice (A) is the right choice. On Test Day, however, you may want to
look quickly through the remaining answer choices to confirm that you did not overlook an error when evaluating the original
sentence.
Choices (B) and (C) create an invalid comparison between the battalion's bravery and its Russian counterparts, and must be
eliminated. Choices (A), (D), and (E) all retain the correct phrase to compare the battalion's bravery to that of its Russian
counterparts and should therefore be examined more closely.
Choice (E) uses an incorrect

The phrase for fighting in choice (D) is ambiguous; exactly who fought off the Germans?
construction to make the comparison. It's correct to say "was like that of" or, in this case,
"was not unlike that of"; it's never correct to say "was as that of."
Answer Choice (A) is correct.
The GMAT repeatedly tests pronoun agreement and pronoun ambiguity.
If it could replace more than one singular noun in the sentence,

then it is ambiguous and must be corrected.
Remember to always check the antecedent of a pronoun in the underlined
portion to determine whether it is clear and whether it agrees with its
antecedent.
Because country music plays on more radio stations there and has a larger fan base, a concert featuring a
recognizable country music group typically attracts a crowd much larger in the southern United States than it does
in the Northeast.
featuring a recognizable country music group typically attracts a crowd much larger in the southern United
States than it does in
featuring a recognizable country music group will typically attract a much larger crowd if it is in the southern
United States instead of
will typically attract a crowd much larger in the southern United States than one featuring a recognizable
country music group in
that is performed in the southern United States will typically attract much larger a crowd than if it features
the same recognizable country music group in
in the southern United States will typically attract a much larger crowd than will a concert featuring the same
recognizable country music group performed in
33% featuring a recognizable country music group typically attracts a crowd much larger in the southern United States than it does in
CHOOSE:
18% featuring a recognizable country music group will typically attract a much larger crowd if it is in the southern United States
CHOOSE: instead of
7% CHOOSE: will typically attract a crowd much larger in the southern United States than one featuring a recognizable country music group in
6% CHOOSE: that is performed in the southern United States will typically attract much larger a crowd than if it features the same recognizable
country music group in
36% in the southern United States will typically attract a much larger crowd than will a concert featuring the same recognizable
CHOOSE: country music group performed in
Sample size = 6,241
This sentence contains a pronoun in the underlined portion. The GMAT repeatedly tests pronoun agreement and
pronoun ambiguity. If it could replace more than one singular noun in the sentence, then it is ambiguous and
must be corrected. Remember to always check the antecedent of a pronoun in the underlined portion to determine
whether it is clear and whether it agrees with its antecedent.
A scan of the choices for the pronoun it reveals a 3:1:1 split. In choices (A), (B), and (D), it is still included in
the sentence, while choice (C) replaces it with one and choice (E) replaces it with a concert.
Eliminate Choices Until Only One Remains:
Choices (A), (B), and (D): We can eliminate these choices because it could replace fan base,
concert, or recognizable country music group, so there is an ambiguity error in the
sentence.
Choice (C): This choice replaces it with one, but it is still unclear what one replaces as a pronoun. The
pronoun is still ambiguous, so eliminate choice (C).
Only Answer Choice (E) corrects the ambiguous pronoun error by making it clear that it in the original sentence
refers to a concert.
YOU CAN AVOID SUCH QUESTION WHICH ARE VERY CONVOLUTED .......AND WHEN U GET STUCK WITH TWO CHOICE IN THE
INEFERENCE ............TRY TO MATCH THE CHOCES WHICH CAPTURE THE ENTIRE IDEA AND CONCEPT ...WITH ALL RELEVANT
NOUNAND THEIR VERBS RTAKEN CARE OF
Multi-party initiatives are becoming increasingly popular among the members of the parliament of Country W. Although legislation proposed under the
auspices of more than one party may not adhere as strictly to the agenda of each of the parties involved as legislation proposed by only one party, the
political backing of the voting blocs represented by the cooperating parties make such proposals more likely to pass than proposals that come from a
single faction alone. The benefit of multi-party initiatives is that legislation important to the general welfare of Country W that might otherwise have
foundered in inter-party disagreements can effectively be enacted.
Which of the following statements by a minister of Party C in the government of Country W is most consistent with the beliefs of an individual political
party in the situation described above?
"Our party would rather compromise on some of our issues and also see other parties compromise on their issues than run the risk of not having
legislation that we propose pass."
"Our party would rather give up a few minor points of ideology than risk having the issues important to our constituents not be
addressed as a result of the government's inability to pass any new laws."
"Our party would rather participate in an environment that fosters inter-party cooperation than persist in constant conflict with other parties."
"Our party would rather have other parties join in support of our legislation than join in supporting the proposals of other parties."
"Our party would rather have our proposals passed because they represent what is best for the welfare of our country than to become engaged in
the agendas of other parties."
33% "Our party would rather compromise on some of our issues and also see other parties compromise on their issues than run the risk of not having legislation that we propose
CHOOSE: pass."
48% "Our party would rather give up a few minor points of ideology than risk having the issues important to our constituents not be addressed as a result of the government's
CHOOSE: inability to pass any new laws."
8% CHOOSE: "Our party would rather participate in an environment that fosters inter-party cooperation than persist in constant conflict with other parties."
3% CHOOSE: "Our party would rather have other parties join in support of our legislation than join in supporting the proposals of other parties."
8% CHOOSE: "Our party would rather have our proposals passed because they represent what is best for the welfare of our country than to become engaged in the agendas of other parties."
Sample size = 1,586
This wordy question stem asks us to determine which answer choice can be correctly inferred as something a minister of Party C would say if he/she
adhered to the beliefs described in the stimulus. This question is an Inference question: We have to accept the information as true and evaluate the
answer choices to find which one is consistent with the stimulus.
For Inference questions, we should read the given information for understanding; there is no need to untangle the stimulus beyond that.
Predict the Answer:
Inference questions are characterized many times by our inability to predict the correct answer without evaluating them one at a time. After
understanding the argument and its terms, we need to evaluate each answer choice.
Choice (A) might seem correct at first; however, the politicians compromise because of the political backing of the voting blocs represented by the
cooperating parties. The benefit of legislation passing for the public benefit is given as a consequence of the political maneuvering, not the intention of
the politicians.
Answer Choice (B) states that the minister chooses cooperation so that "issues important to our constituents" will be addressed. There is direct support
for this in the argument. Answer Choice (B) is the correct answer.
Choice (C) concerns the environment of cooperation and conflict. The atmosphere or experience of conflict and cooperation is out of scope of the
argument.
Choice (D) is contradictory to the argumentboth parties seem to give and take equally in a multi-party initiative in the argument. This answer choice
makes it seem like the process benefits one party over another.
Choice (E) is incorrect for much the same reason as answer choice (A) it is a misreading of the intentions of the politicians.
ANALYZE THE STIMULUS:
Proposal X under the multi-parties initiatives may not adhere as strictly to the agenda of each of the parties involved as legislation proposed by only one party.
However, this proposal is more likely to pass than proposals that come from a single faction alone.
==> The benefit of multi-party initiatives is that legislation X can effectively be enacted.
==> Multi-party initiatives are becoming increasingly popular
The correct answer will have to demonstrate the relationship: Proposal X [under multi-parties initiatives] that comprise issues of multi-parties ==> Proposal X may not
adhere as strictly to the agenda of each of the parties ==> have benefit for multi-parties ==> more likely to pass
ANALYZE EACH ANSWER:
C, D, E are out immediately because:

C) "Our party would rather participate in an environment that fosters inter-party cooperation than persist in constant conflict with other parties."
Wrong. Clearly out of scope.
D) "Our party would rather have other parties join in support of our legislation than join in supporting the proposals of other parties."
Wrong. Clearly out of scope.
E) "Our party would rather have our proposals passed because they represent what is best for the welfare of our country than to become engaged in the agendas of other
parties.
Wrong. Does not show the benefit for multi-parties.
Between A & B, which one is correct?

A is WRONG. Only B is correct. Please see explanation in the image attached.
Attachments
LONG PASSAGES IS NOT A PRBLEM ............BUT SOMETIMES U GET A VERY CONVOLUTED AND CONFSING ...RATHER AN ABSTRACT PARAGRAPH ...AND U FEEL SCRWED UP
Utilitarian models of the state, subordinating individual rights to a calculus of maximum social welfare, have long been a de facto orthodoxy among
political philosophers. Yet they run counter to the basic liberal concept of fairness, which deeply characterizes the intuitive American response to injustice,
and provide succor to those who espouse radical solutions to social problemssocialism on the one hand and the new conservatism on the other. Those
comfortable with these dogmas should take note of the philosophical revival of the once discarded notion of the social contract. This idea receives its
fullest exposition in John Rawls's "A Theory of Justice."
Rather than adopt Rousseau's vision of naturalmana picture almost impossible to conjure up in the face of more recent scientific knowledgethe new
contractarians postulate a group of rational men and women gathered for the purpose of elucidating a concept of justice which will guide their affairs.
They further assume that these people make their decision behind a veil of ignorance; that is, they are totally ignorant for now of their position in
societytheir race, their gender, their place in the social order. Yet the principles at which they arrive will bind them once the veil is lifted.
Starting from this original position, it can be logically demonstrated that rational beings would arrive at a decision ensuring the maximum possible justice
and liberty for even the meanest member of society. Thus, freedom of speech, for example, would be inviolable, whereas the utilitarian could easily
justify its abridgment for a greater social good. Second, social and economic inequality, which are the inevitable result of the lottery of birth, should be
arranged such that they inhere in offices and stations in life available to all and thus are, by consensus, seen to be to everyone's advantage. Injustice,
then, is defined as an unequal distribution of good things, with liberty being first among them.
While it can be and has been argued that the blind choosers envisioned by the new contractarians might well choose to gamble on the outcome of the
social order, such arguments are ultimately lacking in interest. The point of the contractarian view does not lie in what real people "would" do in an
admittedly impossible situation. Rather, it is to provide an abstract model that is intuitively satisfactory because, in fact, it corresponds to the ideas of
"fairness" so deeply rooted in the American national psyche.
ONLY TWO THINGS READ THE QUESTION REALLY CAREFULLY FIRST
AND THEN START UNDERSTANDING TH EPASSAGE WITH QUESTION IN MIND
Which of the following is an assumption of the contractarian model, as presented by the

author?..U MISSED IT ...IT WAS A DETAILED QUESTION .............AND U TOOK IT AS
ASSUMPTION QUESTION
The decision makers act before acquiring any place in the social order.
All members of the contracting group will place a high value on personal liberty.
Justice can only be secured by ensuring that all positions in the social order have equal power and status.
The contracting parties will seek to safeguard their own liberties at the expense of the rights of others.
The members of society will accept restrictions on personal autonomy in order to gain peace and security.
34% CHOOSE: The decision makers act before acquiring any place in the social order.
29% CHOOSE: All members of the contracting group will place a high value on personal liberty.
21% CHOOSE: Justice can only be secured by ensuring that all positions in the social order have equal power and status.
6% CHOOSE: The contracting parties will seek to safeguard their own liberties at the expense of the rights of others.
10% CHOOSE: The members of society will accept restrictions on personal autonomy in order to gain peace and security.
Read the Passage Strategically:
This is a challenging passage, with a lot of details, so it is especially important to actively take good notes when building our passage map. This map may
contain more details than the average map, but this process can help us make sense of the passage as we need.
Topic: Models of the state
Scope: "Fairness" and the idea of a social contract
Purpose: To explain the development and ideas of the new social contract.
Paragraph 1: Established (de facto) utilitarian models of state versus the new social contract. 2 theories at odds
about fairness. Details: John Rawls, A Theory of Justice.
Paragraph 2: Contractarians' postulate on HOW concept of justice is formed. Details: Rousseau, veil of ignorance.
Paragraph 3: WHAT contractarians' view of justice is. Details: another contrast to ultiliarians, unequal distribution of
good things.
Paragraph 4: Refute criticism of the new contractarians
Analyze the Question Stem:
This is a Detail question, since we can determine the contractarians' assumptions from the passage. We must research the relevant text and make a
prediction.
Research Relevant Text in the Passage:
Based on our Passage Map, we can see that the assumptions of the contractarian model can be found in paragraphs 2. Look for the keywords "postulate"
and "assume" in the paragraphs.
New contractarians "postulate" a group of people who decide what will be considered justice in their new society. "They further assume" that this
hypothetical group makes its decision while "totally ignorant" of what place they will hold in society.
Make a Prediction:
Their main assumption is then that they make their decisions without knowing the social order, and where they stand in this order.
Evaluate the Answer Choices:
Answer Choice (A) correctly restates our prediction, based on the information in paragraph 2.
Choice (B) incorrectly assumes unanimity among the contracting group members, while the author implies only that a consensus will be reached.
Choice (C) contradicts the second point made in Paragraph 3, that all positions in the social order will NOT have equal power and status.
Choices (D) and (E) contradict the first point of Paragraph 3, which promises maximum personal liberty for all.
ALWAYS AVOID AND TAKE A GUESS IF U R NOT GETTING AN ASNWER IMMEDIATELY FOR A DIFFICULT
PASSAGE WITH AN INFERENCE....IT IS DEADLY AVOID IT COMPLETELY AND JUST SKIP IT BE
INTELLIGENT IN SUCH A SIUATION
IN DIFFICULT RC TAKE AN ATTEMPT ONCE AT INFERENCE ...IF U GET IT GO FOR IT ELSE JUST TAKE
A GUESS AND MOVE .................AS ANY WASTE OF TIME WILL BE CATASTRIPHIC
READ THE OPTION REAALY CAREFULLY ...TWO NEGATIVES MAKE A POSITIVE AND U MIGHT JUST
MISS ONE OF THEM
The author implies that a party to the social contract who "chose to gamble on the outcome of the social order" would select a principle of justice
allowing an unequal access to liberty and other social goods
based on equalization of material conditions and unequal personal liberty
based on the greatest possible equalization of both personal freedom and material circumstances
that explicitly denied inherent inequalities among the members of society

that valued the benefit of society in the aggregate over the freedom of the individual
27% CHOOSE: allowing an unequal access to liberty and other social goods
6% CHOOSE: based on equalization of material conditions and unequal personal liberty
37% CHOOSE: based on the greatest possible equalization of both personal freedom and material circumstances
14% CHOOSE: that explicitly denied inherent inequalities among the members of society
16% CHOOSE: that valued the benefit of society in the aggregate over the freedom of the individual
This is a challenging passage, with a lot of details, so it is especially important to actively take good notes when building our passage map. This map may
contain more details than the average map, but this process can help us make sense of the passage as we need.
Topic: Models of the state
Scope: "Fairness" and the idea of a social contract
Purpose: To explain the development and ideas of the new social contract.
Paragraph 1: Established (de facto) utilitarian models of state versus the new social contract. 2 theories at odds about fairness. Details: John Rawls,
A Theory of Justice.
Paragraph 2: Contractarians' postulate on HOW concept of justice is formed. Details: Rousseau, veil of ignorance.
Paragraph 3: WHAT contractarians' view of justice is. Details: another contrast to ultiliarians, unequal distribution of good things.
Paragraph 4: Refute criticism of the new contractarians
This is an Inference question, since we are asked to deduce what the author implies about the contractarians "who choose to gamble". We must use our
Passage Map to research the relevant text before evaluating the answer choices.
The quote from the question stem appears in paragraph 4. Reviewing our notes from paragraph 4, we know that the author believes that the
contractarians will select a principle of justice that is based in fairness and equality for everyone. However, pay careful attention to the keyword
"gamble". The sure path would be to choose equality for everyone, but a gambler may choose an alternate decision.
Make a Prediction:
For Inference questions, a specific prediction is not useful to make. We must evaluate each of the answer choices to determine which one most closely
ties to the information in paragraph 4.
Answer Choice (A) captures the essence of this gamble: a society where "justice" allows unequal access to liberty. Therefore, Answer Choice (A) is the
correct answer.
Choice (B): While this also demonstrates a gamble, the passage discusses that they favor equal personal liberty over everything else, so if only one
element was to be unequal, it would not be personal liberty. Choice (C): This is a 180 trap, since this is the safe decision for the group to make.
Choice (D): Similar to choice (C), this choice would be a safe decision for the group.
Choice (E): This is out-of-scope, since we are never told how the collective feels about the individual versus the aggregate.
YOU PRETHOUGH IT CORRECTLY BUT COULD NOT FIND THE SAME IN THE OTHER OPTIONS
ALWAYS TRU TO SEE THAT UR RETHOUGHT IS THERE ........AND IT WILL BE THERE I AM REST
ASSURED ......
Since pollution-causing human activities can cause an increase in average global temperatures, the mild winters in
the area could be a result of the high concentration of vehicle exhaust emitted in the region. However, some
scientists argue that the mild winters are a result of the increased rate of conversion of commercial areas to
industrial areas.
Which of the following, if true, strengthens the scientists' argument?
Although commercial property areas tend to emit significantly less pollution than industrial areas, they still
emit more than the vehicles in the area on a given day.
Most of the people who work in commercial areas drive to work each day.
New strict laws in the area require buildings in the industrial areas to reduce their emissions by 60% in the
next 5 years.
Vehicle exhaust is comprised largely of carbon monoxide, the same pollutant emitted by the industrial areas.
In response to consumer demand, exhaust levels per vehicle have steadily decreased in recent years.
44% Although commercial property areas tend to emit significantly less pollution than industrial areas, they still emit more than the
CHOOSE: vehicles in the area on a given day.
3% CHOOSE: Most of the people who work in commercial areas drive to work each day.
2% CHOOSE: New strict laws in the area require buildings in the industrial areas to reduce their emissions by 60% in the next 5 years.
27% Vehicle exhaust is comprised largely of carbon monoxide, the same pollutant emitted by the industrial areas.
CHOOSE:
24% In response to consumer demand, exhaust levels per vehicle have steadily decreased in recent years.
CHOOSE:
Sample size = 1,230
The phrase strengthens the scientists' argument indicates that this is a Strengthen question. To strengthen the
argument the data needs to confirm that mild winters are a result of the increased rate of conversion of
commercial areas to industrial areas.
The scientists conclude that the mild winters result from the increased rate of converting commercial areas to
industrialized areas. This conclusion stands contrary to the argument that the mild winters could be caused by
concentrations of vehicle exhaust. The assumption is that industrial areas emit more pollution than do wither
commercial areas or vehicles.
Predict the Answer:
The correct answer will confirm that mild winters are more likely caused by the increased rate of
conversion of commercial areas to industrial areas.

The correct Answer Choice is (A) because it strengthens the scientists argument - it states that commercial
property emits pollution, but at a lower level than industrial areas, but that commercial property still emits more
pollution than vehicles do.
This ranking makes industrial areas the most likely culprit and vehicles the least likely culprit. Answer Choice (B) is
incorrect because it only focuses on drivers in commercial areas and ignores the industrial areas that are central to
the scientists argument.
Answer Choice (C) is out of scope because it refers to reducing future emissions in industrialized areas, rather than
addressing current impacts.
Answer Choice (D) is out of scope because it focuses on the composition of the pollution, and gives a reason why
vehicles and industrial areas are similar.
Answer Choice (E) is irrelevant because it focuses on emissions per vehicle rather than total pollution levels.
GENERAL WORDINESS COMES WHEN U REPLACE A PRONOUN WITH A NOUN ..............AND THERE IS
ONLY ONE NOUN ..............SO THERE IS NO AMBIGUITY BUT STILL OF U REOLACE ...IT NKES THE
SENTENCE LARGER ...IF THERE IS NO THER CHANGE CHOOSE THE CONCISE ONE
In order to paint a rough surface evenly and effectively, it is necessary to sand it and apply primer before applying the paint.
it and apply primer before applying the paint
it and prime it and paint it
it, then prime it, then paint it
the surface and apply primer before you apply paint to the surface
the surface, apply primer to the surface and then paint it
38% CHOOSE: it and apply primer before applying the paint
1% CHOOSE: it and prime it and paint it
24% CHOOSE: it, then prime it, then paint it
17% CHOOSE: the surface and apply primer before you apply paint to the surface
20% CHOOSE: the surface, apply primer to the surface and then paint it
Sample size = 438
Read and look for error:
No errors jump out here, so go to step 2 and look for a way to group the choices.
Scan and group the answers:
Choices (A), (B) and (C) all start with the pronoun "it," while choices (D) and (E) start with the noun
"the surface."
Eliminate wrong answers:

Choices (A), (B) and (C) all use the pronoun "it" correctly. There is no need to use the noun "the surface," as this
gets quite repetitive in choices (D) and (E). Eliminate (D) and (E) for this repetition, as well as for
general wordiness.
Choices (B) and (C) both remove the word "before," altering the meaning of the sentence. The author clearly indicates that
sanding and priming should happen first and the application of paint second. However, in (B) the order is entirely
unclear.
Choice (C) makes this order clear but adds additional information regarding the order of the actions ("sand it, then prime it, the
paint it"). This is repetitive and adds information that may not have been intended in the original sentence, in which the order of
sanding and priming is not specified.
Therefore, Answer Choice (A) is the correct answer, as it contains no errors
HERE U MISSED OUT A KEY INFORMATION BECAUSE OF HURRY IN THE END ........THIS WAS A FAIRLY
EASY PASSAGE WHICH COULD BE EASILY ATTEMPTED
A more comprehensive definition of "sea level," one useful to cartographers, requires a broad understanding of various temporal and physical factors.
First, consider the history of sea level: the position at which sea and land meet, averaged over tidal stages and coastlines, has been remarkably stable
over time. Current sea level measures, though having risen very slightly over the last century, are approximately the same as they were 35,000 years
ago. Thus, the referent for terrestrial altitudes and oceanic depths has been largely consistent for millennia, though cartographers' ability to make
accurate measurements has, of course, improved with advances in technology. Through the processes of imaginative visualization and computer
generation, much knowledge has been gained regarding the predictable nature of sea level.
The oceans are governed primarily by Earth's gravity, which is strongest at the poles because of Earth's slightly ellipsoid shape, the result of billions of
years of rotation. What keeps the oceans from pooling at the poles, drawn there by the greater gravitational forces, is the centrifugal force generated by
Earth's rotation. This force is strong enough to cause a bulge of ocean about eight kilometers high around Earth's equator. Using sophisticated computer
models, today's cartographers can postulate how the intersection of sea and land would change should the Earth ever cease to rotate on its axis. Over
time, the bulge of ocean at the equator, no longer held in place by the centrifugal forces, would flatten out. Drawn by the pull of the two poles, Earth's
main bodies of water would eventually become circumpolar, gathered in two massive pools around the top and bottom, so to speak, of the globe, leading
to the emergence of a supercontinent around the planet's equator.
According to the passage, which is true of the physical forces governing sea level?
Gravity, along with rotation, is responsible for Earth's slightly ellipsoid shape.
Centrifugal deterioration will eventually give rise to an enormous supercontinent.
The centrifugal force is the dominant influence on the shape of Earth's oceans.
The equatorial bulge is primarily a result of gravitational pooling at Earth's poles.
Gravitational forces have more influence on the oceans than does centrifugal force.
The phrase "according to the passage" is a hint that this is a Detail question. To answer it, we need to look for something explicitly stated in the passage
about the physical forces governing sea level.
The Passage Map tells us that the forces are described in the first half of the second paragraph. Many details are offered, but the gist of them is that while
gravitational force is stronger, centrifugal force has a significant effect.
Make a Prediction:
The right answer will either be consistent with the overall gist of the details or will reference one of the other details. We may have to do more research
choice-by-choice.
Choice (E) matches our prediction and is correct. The first two sentences of the second paragraph say
that the gravitational forces are "greater" and that the oceans are "governed primarily by Earth's
gravity."
Choice (A) distorts the details. Only the Earth's rotation is credited for this effect. The passage states that increased polar gravitational forces are a result,
not a cause, of Earth's ellipsoid shape.
Choice (B) is also a distortion. There is nothing in the passage that states that this scenario will happen, only that it would if the Earth were to stop
rotating.
Choice (C) is a 180. It is tempting because centrifugal force clearly has a powerful effect, but the passage explicitly states that gravity's effect is "greater"
and "primary."
Choice (D) is also a 180. The equatorial bulge is a result of centrifugal forces created by Earth's rotation.
IN SHORT PASSAGES EXCEP QUESTION CAN BE DONE ...............MOREOVER IT WAS A DETAIL

QUESTION SO CROSS CHECK THE INFOR IF IT IS A SMALL PASSGAE AND U KNOW THE POSITIONING
SO AS TO IMPORVE THE ACCURACY
YOU GET TRAPPED BECASE WHILE READING U HAVE HEARD SIMILAR WORD AND THUS DISCOUNT IT FROM
CHECKING ....AND SOME NOT MUCH HEARD OF IS MARKE ..........THOUGH IT IS THE OPPOSITE MANY
TIMESS....NOT HEARD STUFF IS SLIGHLTY JUMBLED DO NOT GO FOR IT DIRECTLY ........ESPECIALLY IN SMALL
PARAGRAPHS ....GMAT WILL PLAY LIKE THIS
ALWAYS CONCENTRATE AS TO WORD HERAD ARE USED IN THE SAME CONTEXT OR NOT IN THE DETAILED
QUESTION
A more comprehensive definition of "sea level," one useful to cartographers, requires a broad understanding of various temporal and physical factors.
First, consider the history of sea level: the position at which sea and land meet, averaged over tidal stages and coastlines, has been remarkably stable
over time. Current sea level measures, though having risen very slightly over the last century, are approximately the same as they were 35,000 years
ago. Thus, the referent for terrestrial altitudes and oceanic depths has been largely consistent for millennia, though cartographers' ability to make
accurate measurements has, of course, improved with advances in technology. Through the processes of imaginative visualization and computer
generation, much knowledge has been gained regarding the predictable nature of sea level.
The oceans are governed primarily by Earth's gravity, which is strongest at the poles because of Earth's slightly ellipsoid shape, the result of billions of
years of rotation. What keeps the oceans from pooling at the poles, drawn there by the greater gravitational forces, is the centrifugal force generated by
Earth's rotation. This force is strong enough to cause a bulge of ocean about eight kilometers high around Earth's equator. Using sophisticated computer
models, today's cartographers can postulate how the intersection of sea and land would change should the Earth ever cease to rotate on its axis. Over
time, the bulge of ocean at the equator, no longer held in place by the centrifugal forces, would flatten out. Drawn by the pull of the two poles, Earth's
main bodies of water would eventually become circumpolar, gathered in two massive pools around the top and bottom, so to speak, of the globe, leading
to the emergence of a supercontinent around the planet's equator.
The author makes all of the following statements about historic sea levels EXCEPT
Variations in them have been noted in the last 35,000 years.
Their consistency has allowed cartographers to improve their measurements.
While mutable, they have, broadly speaking, maintained stability for millennia.
They are measured at many times and places to obtain a useful average.
Measurements of depth and elevation are made relative to their height.
phrase "makes all of the following statements" tells us that this is a Detail
The
question. When we read a Detail question that includes the word EXCEPT, we know that the right answer will be the one statement about historic
sea levels not mentioned.
Historic sea levels is the focus of the entire first paragraph. We dont want to reread the whole paragraph, but we do know from our Passage Map that
they have remained remarkably constant over time. But we may have to do more research answer-by-answer.
Make a Prediction:
Any answer choice that refers to sea levels being remarkably stable can be eliminated; any that alleges they changed drastically would be correct. We
may have to do more research for some choices.
Choice (B) is a distortion and, therefore, is correct. The passage credits improvements in cartography to advancing technology, not to stable sea levels.
Choice (A) is mentioned in the passage. It is tempting to select this choice, but our prediction was not so extreme as to claim that no variation at all was
possible, and choice (A) does not say that major variation has been noted. Indeed, the passage states that sea levels have been "rising ... over the last
century," which is clearly a "variation."
Choice (C) is mentioned in the passage, which explicitly states that sea levels "are approximately what they were 35,000 years ago," though they have
changed slightly.
Choice (D) is mentioned; the passage states that measuring sea level involves "averag[ing] over tidal stages and coastlines." Clearly, they are
measured in multiple times and places for an accurate assessment.
Choice (E) is also mentioned; the passage states that they are "the referent for terrestrial altitudes and oceanic depths," which this answer choice
almost exactly restates.
ALWAYS TRU TO FIND THE SIMILAR WAY TO CONFIRM OR EVALUATE A THING ....THATS WHAT IS
HIGLIGHTED HERE something
in evaluate undertsnad what is to be evelauyed ..............then som edata will be

givenn.........btu there will be gap just try to ..........find and exploit that gap ............here the
info evaluated and the info given are not same......u need some data to evelaute just stick to the
concluiosn annd its data which is to be evaluated
The proportion (of men ) among those in the nursing profession working at hospitals and other medical facilities,
not including retirement homes, has, for the most part, remained the same over the past thirty years. This is partly
shown by the fact that in 1969, 5 percent of the men working at all hospitals and other medical facilities were in
the nursing profession, while in 2001 only 5.3 percent of the men working at medical institutions were in the
nursing profession.
To evaluate the argument above, it would be most useful to compare 1969 and 2001 with regard to which of the
following characteristics?
The percentage of men working in hospitals and other medical facilities who were not in the nursing
profession.
The percentage of men working in hospitals and other medical facilities, including retirement homes, who
were in the nursing profession.
The percentage of men who, after passing the licensing examinations required for a nurse practitioner or
registered nurse, found employment in the nursing profession.
The percentage of women among those working in hospitals and other medical facilities who were in the
nursing profession.
The percentage of women who successfully completed nursing-degree programs.
26% The percentage of men working in hospitals and other medical facilities who were not in the nursing profession.
CHOOSE:
30% The percentage of men working in hospitals and other medical facilities, including retirement homes, who were in the nursing
CHOOSE: profession.
12% The percentage of men who, after passing the licensing examinations required for a nurse practitioner or registered nurse, found
CHOOSE: employment in the nursing profession.
32% The percentage of women among those working in hospitals and other medical facilities who were in the nursing profession.
CHOOSE:
0% The percentage of women who successfully completed nursing-degree programs.
CHOOSE:
Sample size = 1,441
The phrase "To evaluate the argument above, it would be most useful to compare" indicates this is an Assumption
question. The correct answer will identify information that we would need in order to evaluate the validity of the
conclusion.
The conclusion is that the proportion of male nurses among all nurses has remained the same over the past thirty
years. As evidence, the argument presents two statistics: in 1969 5% of the men working at medical
facilities were nurses while in 2003 the percent of all men working in medical facilities that worked as
nurses had risen to only 5.3%. The assumption is that the number of men working as nurses as a percent of all
men working in medical facilities is a reliable indicator of the percent of male nurses among all nurses.
Predict the Answer:
The correct answer will give us a more reliable comparison for evaluating the claims about the percent of all nurses
that are men.
The correct Answer Choice is (D). If we had the number of women nurses as a percent of all nurses for
the two years, we could evaluate the claims about men as a percent of all nurses given in the
conclusion.
Answer Choice (A) looks at men who were not nurses this information is more similar to the
information given in the evidence, but it doesnt help us link that evidence to the conclusion.
Answer Choice (B) is out of scope since it includes men working as nurses in retirement homes, which our
argument explicitly does not include.
Answer Choices (C) and (E) discuss the percentage of male nurses who found employment (C) and female nurses
that completed degree programs (E).
Neither of these figures has any bearing on the percent of all nurses who are male.
ALWAYS CORRECT THE ERROR BUT STICK TO THE INITIAL STYLE OF WRITING IS IT IS NOT GROSSLY
WORNG AS OTHERWISE U WILL MISS THE INITIAL IDEA THOUGH U MAY BE GRAMTICALLY CORRECT
H
HERE U MODIFED THE IDEA IN RUNNING FOR CONCISION THOUGH U GOT THE SUBJECT VERB
CORRECT
do not change the meaning
The cytokines of the immune system, acting as signalers to adjacent cells, can provoke dangerous inflammation; the resultant
autoimmune disease, characterized by cartilage and bone that become damaged although they are not actually attacked by the
immune system, are known as "rheumatoid arthritis."
cartilage and bone that become damaged although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, are
cartilage and bone that become damaged although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, is
cartilage and bone that become damaged although the immune system does not actually attack them, are
damaged cartilage and bone although the immune system does not actually attack them, are
damaged cartilage and bone although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, is
2% CHOOSE: cartilage and bone that become damaged although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, are
36% CHOOSE: cartilage and bone that become damaged although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, is
3% CHOOSE: cartilage and bone that become damaged although the immune system does not actually attack them, are
5% CHOOSE: damaged cartilage and bone although the immune system does not actually attack them, are
54% CHOOSE: damaged cartilage and bone although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, is
Sample size = 1,927
The GMAT testmakers love to test subject-verb agreement. They also love to try to separate the subject from its verb with
abundant verbiage. Of course, the testmakers arent just being mean to us; they know that subject-verb errors will frequently occur
in such constructions. And the ability to spot these errors is an indicator of our writing ability, a critical skill in business school as
well as in the business world in general. So when we first read any original sentence, we need to find the verb and then its subject
to make sure that they match. Notice the expression set off by commas: characterized by cartilage and bone that . . .
system. Momentarily removing complicated phrases or clauses set off by commas is a good way to help us find the subject and
verb. In this case, after doing so, we can see that the sentence reads the resultant disease . . . are known . . . . Thus, we see the
plural verb (are) does not match the singular subject (disease). The correct form is the resultant disease . . . is known . . . .
So choice (A) is incorrect.
When we scan the other choices, we can see that choices (C) and (D) contain the same error.
Choices (C) and (D) are therefore incorrect. Choice (C) might be tempting if we spotted the use of the passive voice: they are not .
. . attacked by the immune system. Choice (C) eliminates this fault by rewording in the active voice: the immune system does not .
. . attack them. Nevertheless, choice (C) still contains the error in subject-verb agreement. Furthermore, we should not fall for the
idea that we must always use the active voice. In this sentence, keeping the pronoun closer to its antecedents (cartilage and bone)
makes for a more readable sentence.
Choice (E) is incorrect because the idea of damage is moved from a subordinate clause to an adjective
preceding cartilage. This move seems to make the sentence say that damaged cartilage and bone (whether damaged
or not) characterizes the disease.
Answer Choice (B) is correct.
ALWAYS TRY TO PUT THE ADVERB CLOSE THE VERB AND NOT TO ANY RANDOME WORD THATS THE
PROBLEM .....ORIGINALLY SEEMED IS BETTER RATHER THAN SEPARTING IT
Researchers are studying plastics that dissolve at different rates, and they are finding that the so-called "quick disintegration"
plastics are taking more time to deteriorate than they originally seemed.
they originally seemed
they seemed originally
it seemed that they would originally
it originally seemed
it originally seemed they would
18% CHOOSE: they originally seemed
5% CHOOSE: they seemed originally
5% CHOOSE: it seemed that they would originally
39% CHOOSE: it originally seemed
33% CHOOSE: it originally seemed they would
Sample size = 1,090
This sentence intends to compare two periods of time: the predicted length of time it would take the plastics to deteriorate and
the actual length of time they took to deteriorate . As it is written, however, the sentence compares how long the
plastics take to deteriorate to what "they originally seemed."
We can use pronouns to divide our answers into a 2-3 split. Choices (A) and (B) each begin with "they"
whereas choices (C), (D), and (E) use the pronoun "it."
Choices (A) and (B) can be eliminated because they dont compare two time periods of deterioration.
Choice (D) has a similar problem, in that it is not clear what is seeming.
Choices (C) and (E) both fix this problem with "they would," indicating the amount of time it seemed they would take to
deteriorate.
However, choice (C) misplaces the word "originally" such that it appears to modify "would" rather than
"seemed." It should modify "seemed," as in Answer Choice (E).
SO THE ART OF DOING QUESTION IS BASICALLY IDENTIFYING IF IT IS A INFERENCE QUESTION OF A
LONG PASSAGE
AND IF U GET TO KNOW THAT JUST SKIP IT FAST RIHT AWAY AND U HAVE SAVED TIME O FOR
URSELF
AS THERE IS A VERY GOOD CHANCE OF GETTING IT WRONG ...AS U HAVE TO PROCESS HUGE INFO
AND TAKE INFERENCE FROM THEM
SO JUST GUESS IT
Given his luminous treatment of light, sky, and water, J.M.W. Turner (1775-1851) is often viewed in hindsight as a precursor of
Impressionism. Yet as Turner authority Andrew Wilton has argued, his roots lie in a specifically eighteenth century tradition, that of
the "sublime." Before landscape painting was accepted in England as the rendition of everyday reality, it was seen as the
expression of a state of spiritual exaltation.
The roots of the notion of the sublime, Wilton notes, go back to antiquity: Longinus observed (according to an eighteenth century
paraphrase) that "the effect of the sublime is to lift up the soul...so that participating, as it were, of the splendors of the divinity, it
becomes filled with joy and exultation." The sublime, therefore, was understood to produce an effect of elevation toward unity with
divine.
In its origins, the sublime was associated with literary rather than visual art, as its connotations of power and mystery could most
easily be conveyed in words; and its subject matter was epic, historical, or religious. To eighteenth century commentators, Homer,
the Bible, and Milton were quintessentially sublime. When the concept was applied to painting, this narrative emphasis was
maintained, leading almost by necessity to a focus on the human figure; for Joshua Reynolds, Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel
frescoes exemplified the sublime in art. Because it did not show figures (except incidentally) landscape was necessarily seen as
inferior.
The transition to the conception that produced Turner's landscapes had several sources. One was the eighteenth century's quasi-
religious excitement in the scientific investigation of nature, shown for example when Addison exclaimed upon the astronomer's
"pleasing astonishment, to see so many worlds, hanging one above another, and sliding round their axles in such an amazing pomp
and solemnity." A second was the rise of a middle class with the leisure to travel, which led to an interest in the rugged vistas of
Wales and Scotland. Finally, James Thomson's immensely popular nature epic "The Seasons" (1726-30) applied blank verse, with
its connotations of loftiness, to portrayal of nature's immensities.
By the latter part of the century, there was a well-defined notion of the sublime in literature and painting, which included nature
while by no means excluding earlier referents. According to Edmund Burke's definitive essay of 1757, the sublime in nature was
closely tied up with vastness, lack of habitation and cultivation, and danger which, as in the reaction to high mountain passes or
storms at sea, was conducive to awe. These qualities, as evoked in the painting of landscapes (and urban vistas, an important
though subordinate field), produced a series of genres that, Wilton stresses, form the key to Turner's work: the "picturesque
sublime," the "terrific" (wild crags, cataracts, etc.), the sublime of the sea, mountains, and darkness, and finally the "architectural
sublime" and the urban sublime
Based on the information in the passage, which of the following is LEAST likely to have been the subject of a painting by Turner?
A narrow mountain pass
A cathedral in the center of a city
A storm at sea
The eruption of a volcano
Wheatfields by a country road
3% CHOOSE: A narrow mountain pass
57% CHOOSE: A cathedral in the center of a city
2% CHOOSE: A storm at sea
9% CHOOSE: The eruption of a volcano
29% CHOOSE: Wheatfields by a country road
Sample size = 8,616
Topic: The sublime art movement
Scope: The history of the sublime movement and its function as a precursor to Impressionism.
Purpose: To describe the real precursors to Turner's landscapes and Impressionism
Paragraph 1: Wilton says Turner had roots in the sublime movement, related to spiritual exaltation.
Paragraph 2: Roots of the sublime. Details: Longinus
Paragraph 3: Sublime began as only a literary art category. Details: Homer, the Bible, Milton, Michalangelo, Joshua Reynolds
Paragraph 4: Transition to sublime in landscapes in 18th century. Details: astronomers, travel, Addison, Thompson, The Seasons.
Paragraph 5: Full embrace of sublime in nature & landscapes. Details: End of 18th century, Burke, examples of Turner's work.
This is an Inference question, based on the keywords "likely to have been." We must use the information in the passage to
determine the possible subject matter for Turner's landscapes.
Note that this is a "LEAST" question, so the correct answer choice will be the one that is NOT a possible subject for
Turner's landscapes.
Looking at our Passage Map, we know that the final Paragraph contains the details of how nature was depicted by the sublime
artists. The sublime focused on awe-inspiring, bigger than life objects. So, the correct answer choice will be the one which is least
likely to inspire awe.
Make a Prediction:
Since this is an Inference question, we cannot make an useful prediction. We must evaluate each of the answer choices individually.
Answer Choice (E) is correct because wheatfields by a country road is not awe-inspiring. In fact, the scene would be better
described as serene and common.
Choice (A) could be one of Turners subjects; the passage mentions a high mountain pass as an example of the sublime in nature in
paragraph 5. Remember, the question asked us to find the choice that was LEAST likely to be a subject in Turners artwork.
Choice (B) could be one of Turners subjects. In the last sentence, Wilton describes Turners genres, which included the
architectural or urban sublime. A cathedral in the center of the city could be an example of that genre.
Choice (C) could be one of Turners subjects; a storm at sea was mentioned as example of the sublime in nature in paragraph 5.
Choice (D) could be one of Turners subjects; the eruption of a volcano could be an example of the terrific genre described in
paragraph 5.
WHEN U COME DOWN TO LAST 2 OPTIONS IN A DETAILED PASSAGE JUST READ BY THE DETAISL AND
SEE THE DIFFERENCE IN THE OPTIONS LEADING TO THE ANSWERS
IN A DETAILED QUESTION THERE IS SURE GOING TO BE A TRAP WHREIN U NEED TO REREAD TO

CONFIRM THE DIFFERENCE AMONG THE CHOICES AND MARK...DO NOT GO BY THE OBVIOUS
SOUNDING STUFF ...JUST READ TWICE AND QUESTIN IS IT REALLLY OR DOES IT MEAN THE OTHER
WAY
DO NOT WASTE MUCH TIME OF INFERENCE AND SUGGEST QUESTION AS THEY ARE BOUND TO GET
WRONG
IF U HAVE TH EBASIC IDEA JUST ANSWER AT ONE GO DO NOT GO FOR MUCH RESASERCH IN IT
According to the author, Burke contributed to the development of the concept of the sublime by
classifying the genres of the sublime in art
broadening the conception of the sublime to include nature
giving a more clear cut definition of the sublime than earlier writers
defining some of the qualities in nature that could be considered sublime
rejecting Longinus's identification of the sublime with religious experience
6% CHOOSE: classifying the genres of the sublime in art
17% CHOOSE: broadening the conception of the sublime to include nature
13% CHOOSE: giving a more clear cut definition of the sublime than earlier writers
63% CHOOSE: defining some of the qualities in nature that could be considered sublime
1% CHOOSE: rejecting Longinus's identification of the sublime with religious experience
Sample size = 8,607
Paragraph 3: Sublime began as only a literary art category. Details: Homer, the Bible, Milton, Michalangelo, Joshua
Reynolds
Paragraph 4: Transition to sublime in landscapes in 18th century. Details: astronomers, travel, Addison,
Thompson, The Seasons.
Paragraph 5: Full embrace of sublime in nature & landscapes. Details: End of 18th century, Burke, examples of
Turner's work.
This is a Detail question, because of the keywords "According to the author". We must research the passage using
our Passage Map and predict an answer before evaluating the answer choices.
We can quickly see from our Passage Map that Burke is mentioned in the last paragraph as the author of a
definitive essay of the sublime in nature.
Make a Prediction:
Based on our research in Step 3, we can say that Burke contributed to the concept of sublime by writing a
definitive essay on the subject.
Answer Choice (D) most closely matches our prediction. The passage describes Burkes essay as one that defines
the sublime in nature as tied with vastness, lack of habitation and cultivation, and danger.
Choice (A) is a faulty use of detail; Wilton classified the genres of the sublime, not Burke.
Choice (B) is a distortion; while Burke did define the sublime in nature, he didnt broaden the
definition.
Choice (C) is outside of the scope; the passage never compares Burke to earlier writers. The passage simply states
that Burkes essay was definitive.
Choice (E) is a faulty use of detail; Longinuss identification of the sublime is mentioned in paragraph 2 but Burke
does not reject his view. In fact, the passage states that earlier referents were not excluded by Burkes definition
According to the passage, landscapes were not originally seen as embodying the sublime because
the narrative connotations of the sublime implied an emphasis on the human figure
only religious subjects were seen as embodying the sublime
Michelangelo did not paint landscape
landscape was viewed purely as the visual representation of everyday nature scenes
nature was not conceived as a source of awe and wonder
65% CHOOSE: the narrative connotations of the sublime implied an emphasis on the human figure
10% CHOOSE: only religious subjects were seen as embodying the sublime
1% CHOOSE: Michelangelo did not paint landscape
14% CHOOSE: landscape was viewed purely as the visual representation of everyday nature scenes
10% CHOOSE: nature was not conceived as a source of awe and wonder
Sample size = 8,591

This is a Detail question, based on the keywords "According to the passage." We must use the information in the passage to predict
an answer before evaluating the answer choices.
From our Passage Map, we can see that the early days of the sublime are discussed in paragraph 3. During this time, the sublime
was mainly expressed in literature, and in paintings that continued the narrative.
Make a Prediction:
Based on our research, we can say that landscapes were not originally seen as embodying the sublime because the sublime at the
time focused on human forms that expressed the sublime from literature.
Answer Choice (A) most closely matches our prediction. In paragraph 3, we are told how the narrative emphasis led
almost by necessity to a focus on the human figure.
Choice (B) is a 180; the passage states in paragraph 3 that the subject matter of the sublime was epic, historical, or religious.
Choice (C) is a faulty use of detail. Michelangelos work was mentioned as an example of the sublime in art, but the passage never
stated that he didnt paint landscapes or that his work was the reason landscapes were not considered sublime.
Choice (D) is outside of the scope; the passage doesnt mention what is included in a landscape that precluded landscapes from
being considered sublime. The passage only discusses the lack of human figures in a landscape as the reason landscapes were
considered inferior.
Choice (E) is a 180; in paragraph 5, nature is described as awe-inspiring. However, the characteristics of nature are not mentioned
in paragraph 3 as the reason for the exclusion of nature from the concept of the sublime. Only the lack of human figures is given
as a reason for the exclusion of landscapes.
EXCEPT QUESTIO ON LONG PASSAGES ..... U WILL GET SCRWED IN THE AVOID
WASTING MUCH TIME ON IT The author gives specific examples of all of the following EXCEPT
the conception of the sublime held in antiquity
the subject matter which might be considered as representing the "terrific"
a work of visual art considered as embodying the sublime by an eighteenth century authority
a historical figure exemplifying the sublime
a conception similar to that of the sublime in a nonartistic context
8% CHOOSE: the conception of the sublime held in antiquity
18% CHOOSE: the subject matter which might be considered as representing the "terrific"
13% CHOOSE: a work of visual art considered as embodying the sublime by an eighteenth century authority
22% CHOOSE: a historical figure exemplifying the sublime
39% CHOOSE: a conception similar to that of the sublime in a nonartistic context
Sample size = 8,575
Purpose: To describe the real precursors to Turners landscapes and Impressionism
This is a Detail question, though we cannot predict what the correct answer will be because we are not given any specific
information to research. Instead, we can use our passage map as a checklist of the evidence the author provides in the passage.
Note that this is an "EXCEPT" question, so the correct answer choice will be the one which is NOT an example provided by the
author.
Rather than re-reading the entire passage, we will use our Passage Map to locate specific examples.
Make a Prediction:
We cannot make a prediction of the correct answer choice. We must evaluate the answer choices one at a time.
Only Answer Choice (D) cannot be found in the passage. While the concept of historical subjects is mentioned in paragraph 3, an
example of a historical figure is never given.
Choice (A): This can be found in paragraph 2.
Choice (B): This can be found in the last paragraph. The "terrific" include wild crags, cataracts, etc.
Choice (C): This can be found in paragraph 3, as Michelangelos frescoes exemplified the sublime for Joshua Reynolds.
Choice (E): This can be found in paragraph 4, where the awe-inspiring world of astronomy excited the scientific community.
LSOT IN HURRY
THIS WAS EASY
The research reports submitted to the board of directors contain in their appendices figures which suggest that the firm should
actively cultivate foreign markets.
in their appendices figures which suggest that
figures in their appendices which would suggest the fact that
figures in its appendix which suggest
figures in its appendix which suggests that
in their appendices figures which suggest the fact that
35% CHOOSE: in their appendices figures which suggest that
27% CHOOSE: figures in their appendices which would suggest the fact that
20% CHOOSE: figures in its appendix which suggest
20% CHOOSE: figures in its appendix which suggests that
2% CHOOSE: in their appendices figures which suggest the fact that
Upon first inspection, no errors are apparent. We can go to step 2.
There are two splits to note here. The first is a 3-2 split: Choices (A), (B) and (E) use the pronoun "their", while choices (C) and (D)
use the pronoun "its." Additionally, the choices can be grouped according to the use of the word "that." Choices (A), (B), (D) and
(E) all use "that", while choice (C) does not. Their/its errors tend to much more straightforward than errors related to the use of the
word "that", so start with the former spit.
Because "research reports" is plural, a plural pronoun is needed to replace it. Answer choices (C) and (D) use the singular its';
therefore, we can eliminate choices (C) and (D).
The phrases "would suggest the fact that" in choice (B) and "suggest the fact that" in choice (E) are unnecessarily wordy; besides,
what a firm "should" do is a matter of opinion, not of "fact." We can eliminate choices (B) and (E).
The sentence is correct as written; therefore, Answer Choice (A) is the correct answer.
AVOID ANY SORT OF NEGATION OF ANY INFO AND OR CHANGE IN ITS SCOPE
............IN INFERENCE QUESTION
survey recently revealed a high correlation between a household's level of education and its library. Specifically, the more years of college and graduate
school education received by the household's members, the more books in the household's library. The survey also indicated that the higher the
education level of the household, the greater the percentage of books that are not works of fiction in its library.
Which of the following can be properly inferred from the survey results cited above?
People with a higher level of education prefer reading nonfiction to works of fiction.
Households with low education levels generally own more works of fiction than do households with high education levels.
Households with lower levels of education generally own more works of fiction than nonfiction.
The higher the education level of a household, fewer works of fiction are owned by the household.
Households with high education levels generally own more nonfiction books than do households with low education levels.
19% CHOOSE: People with a higher level of education prefer reading nonfiction to works of fiction.
4% CHOOSE: Households with low education levels generally own more works of fiction than do households with high education levels.
12% CHOOSE: Households with lower levels of education generally own more works of fiction than nonfiction.
28% CHOOSE: The higher the education level of a household, fewer works of fiction are owned by the household.
37% CHOOSE: Households with high education levels generally own more nonfiction books than do households with low education levels.
Sample size = 6,243
The phrase can be properly inferred helps us identify this as an Inference question. The correct choice will be an inference or conclusion that we can
draw from the evidence provided in the stimulus.
For Inference questions, remember that the stimulus will not contain an entire argument, just a list of facts or assertions. The conclusion will be found in
the correct answer choice. We simply need to inventory what facts are provided in the stimulus. Here, the stimulus includes the results of a survey that
found a correlation between a households education and its library.
Predict the Answer:
Remember, some inference questions may be more challenging to predict. If a connection can be made between the statements, that may be the
inference in the correct choice. However, the correct answer choice will always be a statement that MUST be true based on the stimulus. Here you know
that a highly educated household has a greater number of books than a less-educated household, and a greater proportion of the highly educated
household's books are non-fiction. The correct answer choice will be supported by those facts.

Answer Choice (E) says households with high education levels generally own more nonfiction books than do households with low education levels. This is
true households with high education levels own a greater number of nonfiction books than households with less education. Therefore, Answer Choice
(E) the correct answer.
Choice (A) mentions that people with a higher level of education prefer reading nonfiction to works of fiction. We don't know the kind of books highly
educated people prefer reading. This is not mentioned in the stimulus; it is outside of the scope.
Choice (B) says households with low education levels generally own more works of fiction than do households with high education levels. This is not
mentioned in the stimulus; it is outside of the scope.
Choice (C) states that households with lower levels of education generally own more works of fiction than nonfiction. We can't infer that most of the
books are fiction in less-educated households. This is not mentioned in the stimulus; it is outside of the scope.
Choice (D) indicates the higher the education level of a household, fewer works of fiction are owned by the household. Since the number of books
increases as the proportion of those books that are fiction decreases, we can't tell if the net effect is an increase or a decrease in fiction books; it is
outside of the scope.

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FINAL RC TSRTEGY IS .................

READ THE QUESTION FIRST( REALLY REALLY CAREFULLY

IF IT IS PRIMARY PURPOSE QUESTION WHILE READIN IF U HAVE UNDERSTOOD THE

ur downfall starts rights at the beginning ..........

concentrate on the question ...........it says firts sentence so go ehead

Most personal cars are not used for commercial purposes.

Sample size = 912

Identify the Question Type:

Untangle the Stimulus:

Predict the Answer:

Evaluate the Choices:

Besides his single line delivery in Aeschylus' Choephori reminding Orestes

Excepting the single line he delivers in Aeschylus' Choephori to remind Orestes

Test-taker response data for this question is being updated.

Read the Original Sentence Carefully, Looking for Errors:

Scan and Group the Answer Choices:

Eliminate Wrong Answer Choices:

WAS LIKE THAT OF ....................WAS NOT UNLIKE THAT OF .............STILL MANAGEABLE

not unlike that of its Russian counterparts, who fought

not like its Russian counterparts, who fought

like its Russian counterparts and their fight

like that of its Russian counterparts for fighting

as that of its Russian counterparts, who fought

Sample size = 24,401

Read the Original Sentence Carefully, Looking for Errors:

Scan and Group the Answer Choices:

Eliminate Wrong Answer Choices:

Choice (E) uses an incorrect

Answer Choice (A) is correct.

The GMAT repeatedly tests pronoun agreement and pronoun ambiguity.

If it could replace more than one singular noun in the sentence,

Sample size = 6,241

Read the Original Sentence Carefully, Looking for Errors:

Scan and Group the Answer Choices:

Eliminate Choices Until Only One Remains:

Sample size = 1,586

Identify the Question Type:

Untangle the Stimulus:

Predict the Answer:

Evaluate the Choices:

ANALYZE THE STIMULUS:

ANALYZE EACH ANSWER:

C, D, E are out immediately because:

Between A & B, which one is correct?

ONLY TWO THINGS READ THE QUESTION REALLY CAREFULLY FIRST

AND THEN START UNDERSTANDING TH EPASSAGE WITH QUESTION IN MIND

Which of the following is an assumption of the contractarian model, as presented by the

Sample size = 15,206

Read the Passage Strategically:

Topic: Models of the state

Scope: "Fairness" and the idea of a social contract

Paragraph 4: Refute criticism of the new contractarians

Analyze the Question Stem:

Research Relevant Text in the Passage:

Evaluate the Answer Choices:

allowing an unequal access to liberty and other social goods

based on equalization of material conditions and unequal personal liberty

that explicitly denied inherent inequalities among the members of society

Sample size = 15,195

Read the Passage Strategically:

Topic: Models of the state

Scope: "Fairness" and the idea of a social contract

Paragraph 4: Refute criticism of the new contractarians