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OURAPP AOUTU U P D AT

C O N TA C T

CHMITRY
MNMONIC

CHMITRYMNMONIC
LearningChemistrcanoftenetoughespeciallforeginners.Wehave

collectedalistofchemistrMnemonicstohelpouwithlearningChemistr.

RememeroucandevelopourownChemistrMnemonicsormodiftheones

wehaveprovidedtohelpouetterlearnChemistr.

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Chemistrisoftenaverdifficultsujectformanofus.Itisnoteasforallofus

tocomprehendthedifficulttopicsandtrendsinchemistr.ChemistrMnemonics

tendstomakethesecomplextopicseasierprovidingdifferentmnemonicsto

understandandrememerdifficultchemistrconcepts.

RememeroucandevelopourownChemistrMnemonicsormodiftheones

wehaveprovidedtohelpouetterlearnChemistr.Mnemonicsaremeantto

helpourememerlongtermandnotjustmemorizeforatestandforgetaoutit.

Ifoutakethetimetopracticethesemnemonics,thewillhelpouuildstrong

fundamentalsofchemistranduildalifetimeunderstandingofsomeofthemost

importantconceptsofChemistr.

ACID

Alwasrememer!

Caremustetakewhiledilutinganacid.Oneshouldneveraddwatertoacid,as

itwillmaketheacidtosplashoutduetotheexcessheatproducedandcause

severechemicalurns.Rather,theacidshouldeaddedtowater,slowland

withconstantstirring,fordilutinganacid.Thiscanerememeredwiththe

followingmnemonics.

Alwasdothingsasououghta

Addtheacidtothewater

Ifouthinkourlifestooplacid

Addthewatertotheacid

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AcidtoWater;AllisWell.

WatertoAcid;WhatanAccident![1]

CATIONANDANION
Cationsarepositivel(+)chargedionswhileanionsarenegativel(-)charged.

Thiscanerememeredwiththehelpofthefollowingmnemonics.

Catshavepaws Cationsarepawsitive.
Ca+ion:Thelettertincationlookslikea+(plus)sign.

Ananionisanegativeion.(Anegativeion Anion)
KathisPositive,AnnieisNegative(ifouhavefriendswithnamessimilar

tothese,whoarepositiveandnegative)

RDOXRACTION

Aredoxreactionisachemicalreactioninwhichthereisachangeinoxidation

stateofatomsparticipatinginthereaction.

Ions

Anatom(orion)whoseoxidationnumerincreasesinaredoxreactionissaidto

eoxidized(andiscalledareducingagent).Itisaccomplishedlossofoneor

moreelectrons.Theatomwhoseoxidationnumerdecreasesgains(receives)

oneormoreelectronsandissaidtoereduced.Thisrelationcane

rememeredthefollowingmnemonics.

LeosasGer!orLeothelion,Ger!caneusedtorepresentLossof

electronisoxidation;Gainofelectronisreduction.

OilRig:Oxidationisloss;Reductionisgain(ofelectrons).

lectrodes

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Anelectrodeinwhichoxidationtakesplaceiscalledananodewhileinthatwhich

reductiontakesplaceiscalledcathode.Thisappliesforothelectrolticand

electrochemicalcells,thoughthechargeonthemreverses.Theredcatandan

oxmnemonicsareusefultorememerthesame.

Redcat:Reductionatcathode

Anox:Anodeforoxidation

Thewordsoxidationandanode,otheginwithvovels.

Also,othreductionandcathodeeginwithconsonants.

ATION
ulfatePhosphateCaronateChlorateromateIodateNitrate

uperPopeeConstantlCluedrutusInNevada[10]

NitrateromateCaronateIodateChlorateChromateulfatePhosphate

NickrittheCamelateanInkClamwithCreamsforupperinPhoenix

Numerofconsonantsdenotesnumerofoxgens.Numerofvowelsdenotes

negativechargequantit.

LCTRONGATIVITY
Fluorine>;Oxgen>;Nitrogen>;Clorine>;romine>;Iodine>;ulphur>;

Caron>;Hdrogen Phosphorous

Pronounce:FONClrICHP

FlamingOxgenNiceClearrightIuspectCannedHdrogen

LCTROCHMICALRI
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Potassium>;Calcium>;odium>;Magnesium>;Aluminium>;Zinc>;Iron>;Tin

>;Lead>;Hdrogen>;Copper>;ilver>;Gold

PaddCouldtillMarrAZuluInTheLovelHonoluluCausingMan

trangeGazes.

PleasetopCallingMeACrazZomieIfThatLargeHippoCant

wim,Glug,glug.

ACTIVITYRI
K>;Na>;Mg>;Al>;Zn>;Cr>;Fe>;Pd>;H>;Cu>;Au.

KangaroosNaturallMuckAoutinZoosForPurpleHipposChasing

Aardvarks

KattsNaughtCatMingledwithAliceandZarina;FearlesslPlundering

HerCupoardofilver.

Potassium>;odium>;Calcium>;Magnesium>;Aluminum>;Zinc>;Iron>;Tin

>;Lead>;Hdrogen>;Copper>;Mercur>;ilver.

PopularcientistsCanMakeAZooInTheLowHumidCountrMore

atisfactoril.

DIATOMICMOLCUL
Moleculesexhiitingdiatomicstructurescanerememeredthroughthe

followingmnemonics.

(Hdrogen,Oxgen,Nitrogen,Fluorine,Chlorine,romine,Iodine)

IHaveNorightOrCleverFriends

HaveNoFearOfIceColdeer

HelpOurNeedClassFindrainsImmediatel

rINClHOF:sarinkelhof

IringClaForOurNewHouse

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HaveNoFearOfCute,Innocentatwins!

Imagineallofthediatomicelementshighlightedontheperiodictale.The

shouldmakeasevenshapestartingwithatomnumer7.Andthereisa

totalof7(includinghdrogen).

HYDROGNOND
Hdrogenformshdrogenondswiththreeelementswhichare

nitrogen(N)oxgen(O)andfluorine(F).Thenamesoftheseelementscane

rememeredthefollowingmnemonic.

HdrogenisFON!(fun)

LCTROMAGNTICPCTRUM
Intheorderofincreasingfrequencordecreasingwavelengthof

electromagneticwaves

Radiowaves,Microwavess,Infrared,Visilelight,Ultraviolet,X-Ras,Gamma

Ras

RonaldMcDonaldInventedVerUnusual&eXcellentGherkins

Intheorderofincreasingwavelength

GoodXlophonesUseVerInterestingMusicalRhthms

ORGANICCHMITRY

Nomenclature

Caroxlicacids

Commonnamesofhomogeneousaliphaticcaroxlicacids,

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Formic,Acetic,Propionic,utric,Valeric,Caproic

FrogsArePolite,eingVerCourteous

Dicaroxlicacids

Thesequenceofdicaroxlicacidscanerememeredwithfollowing

mnemonics.

Oxalic,Malonic,uccinic,Glutaric,Adipic,Pimelic,ueric,Azelaic,eacic

OhMuch,GoodApples[22]

OhMtars,GreenApples

OhM,uchGoodApplePi.e.,weetAsugar

Aromaticcompounds

m-directinggroups

QuaternaraminosterulfonicacidNitroCaronlCaroxlCano

(-NR3+)(-COOR)(-O3H)(-NO2)(-CHO)(-COOH)(-CN)

QueenlizaethecondsNavCommands,Controls,Communicates[24]

o,p-directinggroups

AlklHalogenAlkoxlAminoHdroxlAmidePhenl

(R)(X)(OR)(-NH2-NHR-NR2)(OH)(NHCOR(C6H5)

AHAAHAP

Note:-NH2,-NHRandNR2areparadirectinggroupsutnot-NR3+

ATOMICORITAL

equenceoforitals

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Furtherinformation:pectroscopic_notation#Mnemonic

spdfghik

oerPhsicistsDontFindGiraffesHidingInKitchens

Note:Afterthekshell,thefollowalphaeticalorder(skippingpasitcame

earlier)[1]

Aufauprinciple

1s22s22p63s23p64s23d10

Theorderofsequenceofatomicoritals(accordingtoMadelungruleor

Klechkowskirule)canerememeredusingthefollowingvisualmnemonics

Orderinwhichoritalsarearrangedincreasingenergaccordingtothe

Madelungrule.achdiagonalredarrowcorrespondstoadifferentvalueofn+l.

AnotherversionofthevisualmnemonicfortheMadelungrule

MOHCALOFMINRALHARDN
TorememertheMohshardnessofminerals

Talc(1)Gpsum(2)Calcite(3)Fluorite(4)Apatite(5)Orthoclase(6)Quartz(7)Topaz(8)Coru

ndum(9)Diamond(10)

TallGeneCallsFlorenceAtOurQuartersToCorrectDumness.[1]

PRIODICTAL

Periods

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Periods1,2and3

HHeLieCNOFNeNaMgAliPClArKCa

LittleenecameCharliesNumerOneFightingNemesis.

NativeMagpiesAlwasitPeacefullearchingClearAreas.[25]

HappHenrLikeseerutCouldNotOtainFourNuts.

NaughtMagpiesAlwasingPerfectongsClawingAnts[26]

HereHeLieseneathedClothes,NothingOn,FeelingNervous.

NaughtMargaretAlwasighs,PleasetopClowningAround.[27]

HiHelloLittleerllrownCrackingNutsOnFrida.

NelliesNaughtMagpieAlwasingsPopongsClearl

AfterKillingCath[27]

Hi!HeLiesecauseoronCanNotOxidizeFluorine.NecromanticNato

Mg(av.formakegood)

AlliliconPorts.upermanCleanArgonsK-Capture.[28]

HappHarrListensCNetworkOverFranceNeverthelessNothing

MoreAroseoPetertoppedCleaningAirgunKCa.[29]

HarrHelpedLittleennalmerCarrNeatOrangesFromNeptunes

NaturalMenagerieAlwasingingPoliteonnetsClearlArfKeCasuall.

Ha.HealthLittleeggarosCatchingNewtsOrFish[30]

Hell,HereLittleeatniksrandishCountlessNumerOfFlickkNives.[31]

Period4

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K(Potassium)CacTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAserKr

PoKeCaptaincansTightVirginCrewMemersFerColdNight

Cuddles.ZanGraGermsAreoldKremlin.

Inreverseorder:Krrother!eAsofGermanandGaulsink

coppershipsNiceandColdFromManxtoCrimea,VancouvertoTimor,

andcandinaviatotheCaliforniaKoast.[32]

Groups

Group1,Thealkalimetals

HLiNaKRCsFr

HighlNastKidsRuCatsFur[p1]

Group2,Thealkalineearthmetals

eMgCaraRa

eardedMuggersCametraightackRapidl.

eerMugsCanervearRats.[p1]

Group13

AlGaInTl

oringAluminumGallesIndigestileTall-list[33]

earsAlwasGiveIndiansTroule[p1]

Group14

CiGen(tin)P(lead)

CanillGermansnatchLead[p1]

Group15(pnicogens)

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NPAsi

NewPopesAssignuordinateishops.[p1]

Group16(chalcogens)

OeTePo

OversizedailorsellandTellaoutPolocologne

OldTangpoeemTerrilPolluted.[p1]

Group17,Thehalogens

FClrIAt

FleeingChlorine-laers&romine,IdAstonish[33]

FairClownsroilInnocentAnts.[p1]

Group18,Nolegases

HeNeArKrXeRn

HeroNeedsArgualeKrpticXes.Right-on.[33]

HeNeverArrived;KareneXitedwithRon.[p1]

Transitionmetals

First

cTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZn

carTinViciousCreaturesMeanFemalesComeNightltoCluZ.[p1]

caTimViolatesCrumm,Mang,Ferrets,CowsandNiceCute

Zeras[19]

econd

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YZrNMoTcRuRhPdAgCd

Yesir,No.MostTechniciansRuRodsPaleilverCadillac

Third

LaHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHg

LarrsHalfTaken,WendReachedOutHerPlateAudil,Helga

Lanthanides&Actinides

Lanthanides

(La)CePrNdPmmuGdTDHorTmYLu

LaandCeremonies:PresidingNeo-dimwitsPromiseome-mereuropean

Goddole,TuridDsproteinemiaHolesran(uran)Tool-mansYear-tear-

ookLucidl.

LittleCutePeopleNeedPlentexverGivenTimeDespiteHaving

noughThroughYoungLoveandCurrentlPartiesNeverProvideex

nglishGirlsThatDrinkHeavil,venThoughYouLook.

Actinides

(Ac)ThPaUNpPuAmCmkCfsFmMdNoLr

RadiantActingThoroughlProtectsoUrNepotism,PlutocraticAmerica

Cures-me&erkeleCalifornia,insteinFirmlMendedNoleLawreins.

[33]

ThreePlanets:Uranus,Neptune,andPluto.AmCured

erkele,California.insteinandFermiMadeNoleLaws.

Miscellaneous

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First56

HeLieCNOFNeNaMgAliPClAr

KCacTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAserKr

RrYZrNMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInnTeIXe

Csa

HereLiesenjaminones.CrNotOhFriendNeedlessl.

NatureMagnifiesAllimplePeopleometimesClownsAnd

KingsCancreamTillVastCrowdsMoan.FearConquersNeitherCourageous

Zealous

GallantGents.AseenrownKarateRoestripYos.ZurichNoleMortals

TrackRuddRhuar.PaidilverCandid

IndianonsoingTearsInXcessCeaseawling

AUNDANCOFLMNT

Onarthscrust

Oxgen>;ilicon>;Aluminum>;Iron(Fe)>;Calcium>;Magnesium>;odium(Na)

>;Potassium(K)

(Therestmakesonl1%)

OhseeAlFeeCahMigNacK.

IOCHMITRY

KresCcle

TorememerKresCcle(Citricacidccle,Tricaroxlicacidccle)

Citrate AconitateIsocitrateOxalosuccinate-

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Ketoglutarate uccinateFumarateMalateOxaloacetate

CaesarsArmiesInvadedOtherKingdomsearchingForManOranges.

lementsnecessarforagriculture

Theelementsnecessarforagriculturewhichare

Caron,Hdrogen,Calcium,iron(Fe),Magnesium,Manganese,

copper(Cu),Moldenum,Chlorine,oron

C(see)HopkinsCaFe,Might-goodMan,Cu(seeour)Mone,hopethe

areClosedoroutofusiness.[i4]

Forrememeringmacronutrientswhichare,

Caron,Hdrogen,Oxgen,Phosphorus,Potassium,Nitrogen,ulfur,Calcium,

iron(Fe),andMagnesium.

C.HOPKiNCaFeMg(C.Hopkinscoffeemug)

ssentialaminoacid

Isoleucine,Leucine,Lsine,Methionine,Phenlalanine,Threonine,Trptophan,

Valine,Histidine,Asparagine,(elenocsteineusuallomitted)

PVTTIMHaLLandTTHALLVerIMPortant.

LIFTHIMKIW(V)I

TVFILMHW(R)K.

AnHelpInLearningTheseLittleMoleculesProvesTrulValuale.This

methodeginswiththetwoaminoacidsthatneedsomequalificationsasto

theirrequirements.

Thereas[a]fatman[that]hatedvanillaicing,[ut]lovedKit-Kats.

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