Why use Chi-square; Purpose of Chi-square

The Chi-square test is intended to test how likely it is that an observed distribution is due to chance. It is
also called a "goodness of fit" statistic, because it measures how well the observed distribution of data
fits with the distribution that is expected if the variables are independent.

Using Chi-Square Statistic in Research. The Chi Square statistic is commonly used for testing
relationships between categorical variables. The null hypothesis of the Chi-Square test is that no
relationship exists on the categorical variables in the population; they are independent.

Chi-square is a statistical test commonly used to compare observed data with data we would expect to
obtain according to a specific hypothesis. The formula for the chi-square statistic used in the chi
square test is: The chi-square formula. The subscript c are the degrees of freedom. O is your
observed value and E is your expected value.

Tests for Different Purposes. Chi square test for testing goodness of fit is used to decide whether there
is any difference between the observed (experimental) value and the expected (theoretical) value. For
example given a sample, we may like to test if it has been drawn from a normal population.

Any statistical test that uses the chi square distribution can be called chi square test. It is applicable
both for large and small samples-depending on the context.

For example suppose a person wants to test the hypothesis that success rate in a particular English test
is similar for indigenous and immigrant students.

If we take random sample of say size 80 students and measure both indigenous/immigrant as well as
success/failure status of each of the student, the chi square test can be applied to test the hypothesis