- 1

: = : =

3; 6; 9 1; 2; 3
= 3
= 6 = 2k = 3 = 3 :
9 = 3k
:
.
( )1-1 : 3; 4; 1 , 0; 1; 4 , 1; 2; 3
1 = 2
1
1; 1; 1 = 2; 2; 2 1 = 2k = 2
1 = 2k
1
= :
2
( )2-1 :
: 1; 3; 2 , 0; 1; 4 , 1; 2; 3
1
=2 1 = 2
=5
1 1; 1; 1 = 2; 5; 1 1 = 5k
1 = k
= 1

( )3-1 : :
=
: =
: 0; 1; 4 1; 2; 3
1; 1; 1 ; ; : = 1; 2; 3
= + 1 1 =
= 2 = t = t + 2
=t+3 3=t
- 1; 3; 2 1; 2; 3
; ; : = 1; 2; 3
=+1 = 1
= 2 = 3t = 3t + 2
= 2t + 3 3 = 2t
( )4-1 :
= 3
1 = 3 + 2
y = 1 + t y=3t : d d
2
1 z=t
z = 32t
1 1
2; 1; 1 1; ; 2 d d d d = 2
2

( )5-1 :
1
: : 2 + 4 = 0 : 2 + 2 1 = 0:

1
 1
2; 4; 1 ; 1; 2 = 2
2
( )6-1 :

=+1
: = 3t + 2 2 + 6 4 + 1 = 0
= 5 2t
2; 6; 4 1; 3; 2 = 2
:
( )7-1 :
: = +
P ; P : = +
: 1; 3; 2 , 0; 1; 4 , 1; 2; 3 :
2; 5; 1 1; 1; 1 : ; ; : = +
1 = 2
= + 1; 2; 3 2 = t 5
3=ts
= 2 + 1
= t 5 + 2
=t+3
- P ; 1; 3; 2 , 0; 1; 4 , 1; 2; 3 :
; ; : P = + 1; 2; 3
= + 1 1 =
= + 2 = t 3 = t 3 + 2
= 4t + 2 + 3 3 = 4t + 2s
- 2
:
. = + + : ; ; ; ; :
: 3; 1; 5 1; 2; 1 3 1 + 1 2 + 5 1 = 0 :
:


( )1-2 :
. = 0 :
- : 1; 1; 2 1; 2; 3
; ; : . = 0 . = 0 1; 2; 3 :
1 1 + 1 2 + 2 3 = 0 2 + 7 = 0
( )2-2 : + + + = 0
; , :
. = 0
. = 0
: 1; 3; 2 , 0; 1; 4 , 1; 2; 3 :
; , . = 0 2; 5; 1 1; 1; 1 :
. = 0
+ = 0 ] = 1:
2 5 = 0

2
 [ = 1 = 2 = 1 :
2 5 = 1
2 + + = 0 2 0 1 + 4 + = 0:
= 3 2 + 3 = 0 :
:


: 3; 1; 4 , 1; 3; 1 , 1; 2; 3 :
; , . = 0 2; 1; 1 2; 1; 2 :
. = 0
2 + 2 = 0 0: = 1
2 1
2 2 + = 0
= 0
( )3-2 : ;
; , . = 0 : )2-2 (
. = 0
( )4-2 :
)2-2 (
= 3
1 = 3 + 2
( )4-1 y = 1 + t y=3t : d d :
2
1 z=t
z = 32t

3; 3; 0 d 6; 3; 2 0; 1; 3 t = 0 d t = 2t = 0
d d
( )5-2 :

; , . = 0 d )2-2 (
. = 0
= 3 = 4 + 2
y = 1 + 2t y = 3 t : d d :
z= 2t z=t
0; 1; 2 ()7
3; 2, 1 2; 1,1 d d ; ,
d d . = 0: ( )2-2
. = 0
( )6-2 :
: : + + + 1 = 0 : + 2 3 + 1 = 0:
1; 2; 3 1; 1; 1
. = 1 1 + 2 1 + 3 1 = 0
( )7-2 :

= 4 +
: = 3 + t + 2 3 + 1 = 0
=t
1; 2; 3 1; 1; 1

3
 . = 1 1 + 2 1 + 3 1 = 0
( )8-2 : :
. = 0
)2-2 ( ; ,
. = 0
: : + + + 1 = 0 : + 2 3 + 1 = 0:

1; 2; 3 1; 1; 1
=1
2 = k =
3 = k
+ 2 3 = 0 . = 0
= 1: : ; , :
++ =0 . = 0
+ 2 = 3
4; 5,1 = 5 = 4
+ = 1
( )3
:
: 3; 2, 5 2; 2, 4 1; 2, 3 :
1 = 2 + 3 1
2 = 2 + 2 2 = + : :
3 = 4 5 3
1 = 2 + 3
= 2 = 1: 2 1 :
2 = 2 + 2
3 3 = 4 2 5 1 : = 2
: 3
( )4

( )5
: .. ( )1-2
( )6
( )
: ( )5-1
( )7

:1

:2


= 3 = 4 + 2
y = 1 + 2t y = 3 t : d d :
z=2t z=t

3; 2, 1 2; 1,1 d d
3 = 4 + 2 1
= )( 1 + 2t = 3 t 2
2t= t 3

4
 3 2 1 + 2t = 3 t t = 2 t = 0:
2t=t
1 3 0 = 4 + 2 2 : d d
t d t d
t 0; 1; 2
( )8
= 0 +
: = y0 + t : + + + = 0
= z0 + t
; ; [ ; ; ( ])7-2


= 1+ 1
= 2 + t 2 + + + 4 = 0 : :
= 1 + t 3
3 2 1 1 + + 2 + + 1 + + 4 = 0: = 2
= 1 = 1 + 2
= 0 = 2 + 2 1; 0; 3 :
= 3 = 1 + 2
( )9
[ ]
:1 [ ( ])7-2
[ ( ])8
:2 ( )8 t

=1+
:1 = 2 2t : + + 2 = 0
= 1 + t
1 + + 2 2 + 1 + 2 = 0: 0 = 0

: [ ( ])7-2

=1+
:2 = 2 2t : + + 2 = 0
=5+t
1 + + 2 2 + 5 + 2 = 0: 0 + 6 = 0

: [ ( ])7-2
( )10
; ; ; ; :
= 2 + 2 + 2
( )11
:1
[ (])14
:2 [ ( ])1-2
[ ( ])8

5
 = 0 +
:3 = y0 + t : 0 + ; y0 + t; z0 + t
= z0 + t
; ;
= = 0 + 2 + y0 + t 2 + z0 + t 2

= 3 + 2
: : = 1 + t 1; 1; 1 :
= 1 + t
: 2 2; 1; 1
2 + + + = 0:
= 4 2 1 + 1 + 1 + = 0
7 2 4
2 + + 4 = 0 [ ( ])8 3 ; 3 ; 3
4 1 7 4 2 1 2 7 2
; ; = + + :
3 3 3 3 3 3
22 66
3
:
9
:
:3 :
= = 3 + 2 1 2 + 1 + t 1 2 + 1 + t 1 2
= 6 2 + 4 + 8 limx+ = + limx = + :
1 12+4
+ = : 2

3 2 6 +4+8

- 0 +
+ +

1 2 1 22
6 +4 =+8
3 3 3

( )12
:1
:2 [ ( ])3-1
[ ( ])8
:3 + + + = 0 ; ; ;
+ + +
; = :
2 + 2 + 2
( )13
:1 [ ( ])3-1
[ ( ])8
( )14
= 0 +
:1 = y0 + t : 0 + ; y0 + t; z0 + t
= z0 + t
; ; 0 + ; y0 + t; z0 + t
t . = 0 ; ; t
:2 [(])1-2
[ ( ])8

6
 = 3 + 2
: : = 1 + t 1; 1; 1 :
= 1 + t
:1 3 + 2; 1 + t; 1 + t 2; 1; 1
1
. = 2 2 + 2 + 1 t + 1 2 + t = 6t + 2 . = 0 = 3:
7 2 4
3 ; 3 ; 3
:2 ( )11
( )15
= 2 + 3 + 1 1
1; 1; 1 = 2 + 2 + 2 2
= 4 5 + 3 3
; 3; 2, 5 2; 2, 4
2 + 3 + 1; 2 + 2 + 2; 4 5 + 3 . . = 0
. . = 0
2 + 3; 2 + 2 + 1; 4 5 + 2
24 + 30 = 7 2 2 + 3 + 2 2 + 2 + 1 + 4 4 5 + 2 = 0
:
30 + 38 = 8 3 2 + 3 + 2 2 + 2 + 1 + 5 4 5 + 2 = 0
29 45 29 45 29 45 29 45
2 3 +3 + 1; 2 +2 + 2; 4 5 = = 6 + 3
6 3 6 3 6 3
13 16 11
6 ; 3 ; 6
( )16
; ; ; :
; ; : [ ( ])3
: 1; 1; 1 ; 3; 2, 1 2; 1,1 :
1 = 2 + 3
; ; : = + 1 = + 2 :
1=
= 2 + 3 + 1
: = + 2 + 1 :
=+1
( )17
:
; ; : [ ( ])3
( )18



( )19
: : + + + = 0 + + + = 0
+ + + = 0

+ + + = 0

: : + + 2 = 0 : + + + 1 = 0:

7
 = 3
3
= = + = 1
2
2 : =
1 =
1 = 2
=2 2
: =
:

: : + 2 = 0 : + 3 + 1 = 0:
7
= 4 7
= 4 + 3 + 1 = 0
= 1 :
1 =4 +2=0
=4
( )20
:

= 2 + 3 + 1 1
: = + 2 + 1 2 :
= +1 3
= y+z2 = + 2 + 1
3 2 :
= y + 2z 3 =+1
1 = 2 y + 2z 3 + 3 y + z 2 + 1: : 5 7 + 11 = 0
( )21
:
=
= : + + + 3 = 0
= 3
=
= 3 + + 3 = 0
=
=
= 3 + 3 = 0
=
( )22

; ; =
= 2 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 + 2 = 2
( )23

= 0 +
: = y0 + t :
= z0 + t
2 + 2 + 2 = 2

8
 =
2 2 2
: = t : 1 + + = 5
=t+1
=1
1 2 + 2 + + 1 2 = 5 3 + 2 = 5
2
= 1
1; 1; 0 1; 1; 2
( )24
( )
: [ (])12
- >
- = [ ([ ])13 (] )2
- < [ = 2 2 (] )1

. R

H
. H

[ (] )1 [ (] )1
: + + 3 = 0: :
1 2+ +2 2+ 3 2 =9
1 + 2 + 3 3 1
; = = 1; 2; 3 : = 3
12 +12 +12 3
1 2 26 1
= = 2 2 3 2
3
= < 3
3 3
:
:
= +1
= t 2 [ ( + 1 + 2 + + 3 3 = 0:])9
=t+3
4 5 10 1
= ; ; :
3 3 3 3
( )25


: [ ( ])5-1

[ ( ])19 [ (])9
: 2 + + 2 = 0 + + 1 = 0 :
+ + + 2 = 0
: 2; 1; 2 1; 1; 0
1
=2
1 = 2
= 1 1 = k =
=0 0 = 2k

9
 ++1=0

2 + + 2 = 0
= 1
= 1 = 1
=t 2 1 : =
1 = 2 = 2
= 1 +2 2

1 1
1 + t + 1 + 2 + 2 = 0: = 2
2
=3
= 4 = 4
= 1
3; 4; 1
++1 =0
2 + + 2 = 0
+++2=0

10