Ingls- interpretao de texto 01

TEXT I
How music is the real language of political diplomacy
Forget guns and bombs, it is the power of melody that has changed the world
Marie Zawisza
Saturday 31 October 2015 10.00 GMT
Last modified on Tuesday 10 November 201513.19 GMT

An old man plays his cello at the foot of a crumbling wall. The notes of the sarabande of Bachs Suite
No 2 rise in the cold air, praising God for the miracle of the fall of the Berlin Wall, as Mstislav
Rostropovich later put it. The photograph is seen around the world. The date is 11 November 1989,
and the Russian virtuoso is marching to the beat of history.
Publicity stunt or political act? No doubt a bit of both and proof, in any case, that music can have a
political dimension. Yo-Yo Ma showed as much in September when the cellist opened the new season
of the Philharmonie de Paris with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. As a messenger of peace for the
United Nations, the Chinese American is the founder of Silk Road Project, which trains young
musicians from a variety of cultures to listen to and improvise with each other and develop a common
repertoire. In this way, musicians create a dialogue and arrive at common policies, says analyst
Frdric Ramel, a professor at the Institut dtudes Politiques in Paris. By having music take the place
of speeches and peace talks, the hope is that it will succeed where diplomacy has failed.[]
Curiously, the study of the role of music in international relations is still in its infancy. Historians
must have long seen it as something fanciful, because history has long been dominated by
interpretations that stress economic, social and political factors, says Anas Flchet, a lecturer in
contemporary history at the Universit de Versailles-St-Quentin and co-editor of a book about music
and globalisation.
As for musicologists, she adds, until quite recently they were more interested in analysing musical
scores than the actual context in which these were produced and how they were received. In the 1990s
came a cultural shift. Scholars were no longer interested solely in hard power that is, in the balance
of powers and in geopolitics but also in soft power, where political issues are resolved by mutual
support rather than force. []

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Gilberto Gil sings while then UN secretary general Kofi Annan plays percussion at a September 2003
concert at the UN headquarters honouring those killed by a bomb at a UN office in Baghdad a month
earlier. Photograph: Zuma/Alamy
Since then, every embassy has a cultural attach. The US engages in audio diplomacy by financing
hip-hop festivals in the Middle East. China promotes opera in neighbouring states to project an image
of harmony. Brazil has invested in culture to assert itself as a leader in Latin America, notably by
establishing close collaboration between its ministries of foreign affairs and culture; musician Gilberto
Gil was culture minister during Luiz Incio Lula da Silvas presidency from 2003 to 2008. He was
involved in Frances Year of Brazil. As Flchet recalls, the free concert he gave on 13 July, 2005 at
the Place de la Bastille was the pinnacle. That day, he sang La Marseillaise in the presence of
presidents Lula and Jacques Chirac. Two years earlier, in September 2003, Gil sang at the UN in
honour of the victims of the 19 August bombing of the UN headquartes in Baghdad. He was delivering
a message of peace, criticising the war on Iraq by the US: There is no point in preaching security
without giving a thought to respecting others, he told his audience. Closing the concert, he invited
then UN secretary general Kofi Annan on stage for a surprise appearance as a percussionist. This
highly symbolic image, which highlighted the conviction that culture can play a role in bringing people
together, shows how music can become a political language, Flchet says.
(adapted from http://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/oct/31 /music-language-human-rights-
political-diplomacy)
The word that is closer in meaning to stunt in the question Publicity stunt or
political act? is:
a)
tip;

b)
event;

c)
brand;

d)
story;

e)

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poster.
This text refer to the next two question.

In the short term, the justice system can gain consistency by striving for standardization
and by publishing the result of that effort. Broadly speaking, the court system resolves
disputes by providing answers where the parties themselves cannot find them. It
generates public trust by honouring arguments with new solutions, and this fundamental
task must be supported by proportional and adequate use of technology, never reduced.
In this sense, judicial organizations need to pay serious attention to their information
technology policies to guarantee that justice is served.
Public guidelines for frequently occurring decisions can fulfil the need for consistency.
Automating the guidelines can be a next step. Public guidelines can reduce the number of
points in dispute, and perhaps even entire disputes, to be put before the judge. Thus,
increasing consistency also shortens turnaround time.There is more to this than just
implementing technology, however. Developing routines and public guidelines require
active work on the part of the judges and their staff in the courts.Judiciaries need to be
responsible for their own performance as administrators of justice.

Internet: <http://home.hccnet.nl> (adapted).

According to the text, public guidelines.
a)
show that judges and their staff are responsible for the administration of justice.

b)
will increase the amount of time needed for a court decision.

c)
can become automated for frequent decisions.

d)
solve the points in dispute.

e)
have the power to certainly reduce entire disputes.

Text 1
The good oil boys club
It should have been a day of high excitement. A public auction on July 15th marked the end of a
77-year monopoly on oil exploration and production by Pemex, Mexico`s state-owned oil company,
and ushered in a new era of foreign investment in Mexican oil that until a few years ago was considered
unimaginable.
The Mexican government had hoped that its firstever auction of shallow-water exploration blocks
in the Gulf of Mexico would successfully launch the modernisation of its energy industry. In the run-
up to the bidding, Mexico had sought to be as accommodating as its historic dislike for foreign oil
companies allowed it to be. Juan Carlos Zepeda, head of the National Hydrocarbons Commission, the
regulator, had put a premium on transparency, saying there was zero room for favouritism.

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 When prices of Mexican crude were above $100 a barrel last year (now they are around $50), the
government had spoken optimistically of a bonanza. It had predicted that four to six blocks would be
sold, based on international norms.
It did not turn out that way. The results fell well short of the governments hopes and underscore
how residual resource nationalism continues to plague the Latin American oil industry. Only two of
14 exploration blocks were awarded, both going to the same Mexican-led trio of energy fi rms. Offi
cials blamed the disappointing outcome on the sagging international oil market, but their own
insecurity about appearing to sell the countrys oil too cheap may also have been to blame, according
to industry experts. On the day of the auction, the fi nance ministry set minimum-bid requirements
that some considered onerously high; bids for four blocks were disqualifi ed because they failed to
reach the offi cial fl oor.
(Source: http://www.economist.com/news/business/21657827-
latinamericas-oil-fi rms-need-more-foreign-capital-historic-auctionmexico-
shows)
According to text 1 above, Juan Carlos Zepeda
a)
disliked all foreign oil companies.

b)
was for favouritism.

c)
gave reluctant support to the first auction.

d)
was certain that no rigging was to happen.

e)
was against the auction.

As stated in the passage, the public auction

a)
gave rise to new times concerning oil production.

b)
started the monopoly on oil exploration.

c)
cut off the hopes for a bonanza.

d)
was successful in achieving the modernization of Mexican economy.

e)
set out apprehension for the expansion of oil exploration and production.

4
 Procedural programming has been around since the inception of computers and programming.
Object-oriented paradigms arrived a little later - in the late 1950s to early 1960s - which means over
50 years of object-oriented problem solving. Still, many developers lack a full understanding of the
thought process in developing object-oriented software and therefore cant take advantage of its
concepts. Im happy to see that this book, The Object-Oriented Thought Process, has taken this fairly
old perspective and given it full attention and renewed interest.

Not having read the previous editions, Im not familiar with the changes represented in this fourth
edition. Author Matt Weisfeld is a professor who understands these important concepts and the level
of knowledge and process required for readers and students to grasp what they need to know. The
examples in the book are concise, clear, and easy to follow. Additionally, the book makes good use
of white space, lists, pictures, and diagrams to make the content easier to follow and scan quickly.

Weisfeld has organized the concepts to build on each other, ensuring that students understand one
concept well before moving to the next. On the other hand, readers who already understand the
fundamentals can go directly to object-oriented thought processes for particular programming
paradigms, such as Web services or client-server applications.

The book is language-neutral. Its examples are in C#, but a supplementary website offers example
code in other languages. If your language isnt fairly represented, dont be deterred from acquiring
this book because object-oriented concepts and semantics are mostly universal - just the particular
implementation might vary due to the language.

Each chapter contains UML and example code to better understand the concepts and see how
theyre implemented. The last chapter introduces design patterns but without going into great detail
about how to use them. This lets the inexperienced reader know that design patterns would be the
next step in the path to developing good code.

Overall, I can recommend this book to code developers, designers, and testers - to anyone with an
interest in proper software development semantics. It's available in a digital format that serves as a
useful ready reference.
Scott Brookhart. Thinking about objects.Internet: (adapted).

According to the text, judge the items below.

The example codes are presented in C#, but the book offers support for those who
use other languages.

Certo

5
Errado

According to the text, it is correct to state that

a)
The European Commissions e-Government Action Plan has succeeded in providing
better cross-border public services in some countries in Europe.

b)
the Action Plan 2011-2015 aims that, by 2015, half of the citizens and as much as 80%
of enterprises will have used eGovernment.

c)
the Digital Agenda for Europe establishes eGovernment within a comprehensive set of
measures aimed solely at delivering secure cross-border exchange.

6
 d)
the overall progress made on the Action Plan and on eGovernment in general has been
measured annually

e)
four political priorities had been set out for all European public administrations over the
next decade.

The pronoun which in which promotes interoperability (l.13 and 14) refers to:
a)
promotes interoperability (l.14).

b)
an environment (l.13).

c)
eSignatures and eIdentification (l.15).

d)
interoperability of systems (l.14).

e)
interoperability of systems and key enablers (l.14).

According to the text, the Action Plan 2011-2015

a)
has increased the take-up of eGovernment services

b)
is the only way to overcoming the current European economic crisis.

c)
might contribute to a knowledge-based economy for the European Union.

d)
is now providing better public services with fewer resources.

e)
will lead to a decrease of 80% in government expenses.

According to the text, the

a)
European Commission denies the importance of a cross-border infrastructure which will
enable businesses to sell goods and provide services to public administrations in
various countries.

b)

7
main purpose of the Malm Declaration is to facilitate the transition of government
agencies into an era of new eGovernment services.

c)
deployment of eGovernment services in Europe requires a complete change in
legislation.

d)
European governments have mobilized information and communication technologies to
promote innovative governing. Thus increasing the take-up of e-government services.

e)
motivation behind the European Commissions eGovernment Action Plan 2011-2015 is
its interest in the provision of a new generation of eGovernment services for
businesses and citizens.

The IRS Chief Counsel is appointed by the President of the United States, with the advice and
consent of the U.S. Senate, and serves as the chief legal advisor to the IRS Commissioner on all
matters pertaining to the interpretation, administration, and enforcement of the Internal Revenue
Code, as well as all other legal matters. Under the IRS Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998, the
Chief Counsel reports to both the IRS Commissioner and the Treasury General Counsel.
Attorneys in the Chief Counsels Offce serve as lawyers for the IRS. They provide the IRS and
taxpayers with guidance on interpreting Federal tax laws correctly, represent the IRS in litigation,
and provide all other legal support required to carry out the IRS mission.
Chief Counsel received 95,929 cases and closed 94,323 cases during fscal year 2012. Of the new
cases received, and cases closed, the majority related to tax law enforcement and litigation, including
Tax Court litigation; collection, bankruptcy, and summons advice and litigation; Appellate Court
litigation; criminal tax; and enforcement advice and assistance.
In Fiscal Year 2012, Chief Counsel received 31,295 Tax Court cases involving taxpayers contesting
an IRS determination that they owed additional tax. The total amount of tax and penalty in dispute at
the end of the fscal year was almost $6.6 billion.

(Source: Internal Revenue Service Data Book, 2012.)

During fscal year 2012, the Chief Counsel's offce succeededin

a)
turning down over 30,000 appeals by taxpayers.

b)
securing over $6 billion for the State.

c)
winning the majority of litigation cases.

8
 d)
processing most of the cases it received.

e)
voiding 1,606 cases fled by taxpayers.

We've been keeping our veterinarian in business lately. First Sammy, our nine-year-old golden
retriever, needed surgery. (She's fne now.) Then Inky, our curious cat, burned his paw. (He'll be fne,
too.) At our last visit, as we were writing our fourth (or was it the ffth?) consecutive check to the
veterinary hospital, there was much joking about how vet bills should be tax-deductible. After all,
pets are dependents, too, right? (Guffaws all around.)
Now, halfway through tax-fling season, comes news that pets are high on the list of unusual
deductions taxpayers try to claim. From routine pet expenses to the costs of adopting a pet to, yes,
pets as "dependents," tax accountants have heard it all this year, according to the Minnesota Society
of Certifed Public Accountants, which surveys its members annually about the most outlandish tax
deductions proposed by clients. Most of these doggy deductions don't hunt, but, believe it or not,
some do. Could there be a spot for Sammy and Inky on our 1040?
Scott Kadrlik, a certifed public accountant in Eden Prairie, Minn., who moonlights as a stand-up
comedian (really!), gave me a dog's-eye view of the tax code: "In most cases our family pets are just
family pets," he says. They cannot be claimed as dependents, and you cannot deduct the cost of their
food, medical care or other expenses. One exception is service dogs. If you require a Seeing Eye
dog, for example, your canine's costs are deductible as a medical expense. Occasionally, man's best
friend also is man's best business deduction. The Doberman that guards the junk yard can be
deductible as a business expense of the junk-yard owner, says Mr. Kadrlik. Ditto the convenience-
store cat that keeps the rats at bay
For most of us, though, our pets are hobbies at most. Something's a hobby if, among other things, it
hasn't turned a proft in at least three of the past fve years (or two of the past seven years in the case
of horse training, breeding or racing). In that case, you can't deduct losses-only expenses to the
extent of income in the same year. So if your beloved Bichon earns $100 for a modeling gig, you
could deduct $100 worth of vet bills (or dog food or doggy attire).

(Source: Carolyn Geer, The Wall Street Journal, retrieved on 13 March 2014 - slightly adapted)

The title that best conveys the main purpose of the article is:
a)
Sammy and Inky Run Up a Hospital Bill.

b)
Vet Bills Should Be Tax-Deductible.

c)

9
Are Your Pets Tax Deductions?

d)
The Case for Pets as Dependents.

e)
How to Increase Your Tax Refund.

10
11
 It can be concluded from the text that

the significant variation in the range and functionality of e-government services provided
through state portals is related to the fact that the adoption of e-government services has
taken place rapidly.

Certo

12
13
14
 Based on the article (text 3), decide if the items are right (C) or wrong (E).

According to Makin, Americans are dissatisfied with the Federal Reserve because of
its inability to cater for unemployment and slow economic growth.

Certo

Errado
Considering the information about the Federal Reserve conveyed in the article
(text 3), decide if the items are right (C) or wrong (E).

The tapering changes made in 2013 showed the Federal Reserve is acting
according to a global plan of financial restructuring.

Certo

Errado
Considering the information about the Federal Reserve conveyed in the article
(text 3), decide if the items are right (C) or wrong (E).

It has moved away from its sole original mission of supporting the financial system
in times of crisis.

Certo

Errado
Based on the article (text 3), decide if the items are right (C) or wrong (E).

The word creep (L.22) refers to widening of the Federal Reserves mission in the
post-financial crisis.

Certo

Errado

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Read the statements below and mark them as true (T) or false (F):

( ) Government auditors work less than other auditors.

( ) The work of government auditors is more demanding.
( ) Private sector auditors feel as much pressure as other auditors.

The statements are, respectively:

a)
FTF

b)
TFT

c)
FFT

d)
T T F

e)
FTT

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When the author qualifies the role of auditors as pivotal, he means it is:
a)
peripheral.

b)
dangerous

c)
traditional.

d)
modern.

e)
central.

Read the following sentences:

I. Auditors have found risk detection too problematic to be conducted.

II. Many companies are becoming aware of the need for auditing.

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III. All the firms that never audited do not see the need for it now.
IV. Auditing has turned into a main issue in management practice.

Indicate the sentences which are in line with the points raised in Text 3.
a)
I and II.

b)
I and III.

c)
II and IV.

d)
II and III.

e)
I and IV.

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Segundo o texto,

a) o sistema tributrio progressivo j prev uma srie de crditos fiscais e

dedues para indivduos de baixa renda.
b) a estrutura de faixas de renda foi criada no final da dcada de 1900.
c) mais da metade dos americanos comete algum ato de sonegao.
d)o sistema tributrio progressivo acabou no favorecendo as camadas de menor
renda.
e)
quase metade dos americanos isenta do pagamento de imposto de renda.

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