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AISI 1045 Medium Carbon Steel

Written by AZoM

Jul 5 2012

Topics Covered

Introduction
Chemical Composition
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Machining
Welding
Heat Treatment
Forging
Annealing
Normalizing
Stress Relieving
Hardening
Tempering
Applications

Introduction

AISI 1045 steel is a medium tensile steel supplied in the black hot
rolled or normalized condition. It has a tensile strength of 570 - 700
MPa and Brinell hardness ranging between 170 and 210.

AISI 1045 steel is characterized by good weldability, good

machinability, and high strength and impact properties in either the
normalized or hot rolled condition.

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AISI 1045 steel has a low through-hardening capability with only

sections of size around 60 mm being recommended as suitable for
tempering and through-hardening. However, it can be efficiently
flame or induction hardened in the normalized or hot rolled
condition to obtain surface hardnesses in the range of Rc 54 - Rc
60 based on factors such as section size, type of set up, quenching
medium used etc.

AISI 1045 steel lacks suitable alloying elements and hence does
not respond to the nitriding process.

Chemical Composition

Element Content
Carbon, C 0.420 - 0.50 %
Iron, Fe 98.51 - 98.98 %
Manganese, Mn 0.60 - 0.90 %
Phosphorous, P 0.040 %
Sulfur, S 0.050 %

Physical Properties

Physical Properties Metric Imperial

Density 7.87 g/cc 0.284 lb/in3

Mechanical Properties

Mechanical Properties Metric Imperial

Hardness, Brinell 163 163
Hardness, Knoop (Converted from Brinell
184 184
hardness)
Hardness, Rockwell B (Converted from Brinell
84 84
hardness)
Hardness, Vickers (Converted from Brinell
170 170
hardness)

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565 81900
Tensile Strength, Ultimate
MPa psi
310 45000
Tensile Strength, Yield
MPa psi
Elongation at Break (in 50 mm) 16.0 % 16.0 %
Reduction of Area 40.0 % 40.0 %
200 29000
Modulus of Elasticity (Typical for steel)
GPa ksi
140 20300
Bulk Modulus (Typical for steel)
GPa ksi
Poissons Ratio (Typical For Steel) 0.290 0.290
Shear Modulus (Typical for steel) 80 GPa 11600 ksi

Machining

AISI 1045 steel has good machinability in normalized as well as the

hot rolled condition. Based on the recommendations given by the
machine manufacturers, operations like tapping, milling, broaching,
drilling, turning and sawing etc. can be carried out on AISI 1045
steel using suitable feeds, tool type and speeds.

Welding

Certain facts about welding of AISI 1045 steel are:

AISI 1045 steel is readily welded when correct procedure is

followed.

Welding AISI 1045 steel in through-hardened, tempered and

flame or induction hardened condition is not recommended.

Low hydrogen electrodes are preferred for welding AISI 1045

steel.

The workpiece is

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Pre-heated at 200C300C (392F - 572F)

Maintained at the same temperature during welding

Cooled slowly using sand, ashes etc and

Stress relieved at 550C - 660C (1022F - 1220F).

Heat Treatment

AISI 1045 is subjected to the following processes:

Forging

Annealing

Normalizing

Stress relieving

Hardening

Tempering

Forging

Heat to 850C - 1250C (1562F - 2282F)

Hold until the temperature is uniform

Cool in furnace

Annealing

Heat to 800C - 850C (1472F - 1562F)

Hold until the temperature is uniform

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Cool in furnace.

Normalizing

Heat to 870C - 920C (1598F-1688F)

Hold until the temperature is uniform

Soak for 10 - 15 minutes

Cool in still air

Stress Relieving

Heat to 550C - 660C (1022F - 1220F)

Hold until the temperature is uniform

Soak for 1 hour per 25mm of section

Cool in still air

Hardening

Heat to 820C - 850C (1508F - 1562F)

Hold until the temperature is uniform

Soak for 10 - 15 minutes per 25mm of section

Quench in water or brine

Tempering

Re-heat to 400C - 650C (752F - 1202F ) as required

Hold until the temperature is uniform

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Soak for 1 hour per 25mm of section

Cool in still air

Applications

AISI 1045 is widely used for all industrial applications requiring

more wear resistance and strength. Typical applications of AISI
1045 are as follows:

Gears Pins Rams

Shafts Rolls Sockets
Axles Spindles Worms
Bolts Ratchets Light gears
Studs Crankshafts Guide rods
Connecting rods Torsion bars Hydraulic clamps

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