-

4 (2)

2016
 ISSN 1829-3980

Journal of Genocide Studies

2013 4 (2), 2016

, ... (. ) , ...
, ... , ...
(. ) , ...
, ... , ...
, ... , ...
, ... , ...
, ...

, :
-, 2016. 180

-
, , 0028
. (+374 10) 39 09 81), . handes@genocide-museum.am

, 2016


XIX 90- .
.......................................................... 7

1894 . ........................... 43


.............................................................. 56

1918-1922 .................................65

. ................................ 84

......... 100

(book-length) :
........................................................................................................... 118

..................................................................................................129

....... 147

. .................................................. 161

...................................................................................................178
 CONTENT

HISTORY
Robert Tatoyan
The Questions of Number of Western Armenians and the Ethnic Composition
of the Population of Western Armenia During the Period of the Aggravation
of the Armenian Question in the mid-90s of the XIX century............................................... 7
Narine Hakobyan
The Coverage of 1894 Sassoun Massacre in Eastern Armenian Press................................... 43
Seda Parsamyan
Extermination of Armenian Intelligentsia and Clergy as an Act of Cultural Genocide............... 56
Narine Margaryan
Tent Camps of Armenian Refugees in Iraq in 1918-1922......................................................65

Ideology
Regina Galustyan
At the Roots of Turkish Nationalism: Young Ottomans.......................................................... 84
Shushan Khachatryan
Ritualization of Violence and Murders during the Armenian Genocide................................. 100

Sources
Narek Poghosyan
Raphael Lemkin Observations on the Subsection Intent to Kill - Who is Guilty?
of Turkish Massacre of Armenians - Book-Length Manuscript....................................... 118
Mihran Minasyan
Unpublished Documents about the Condition of Aintab Armenians
on the Days of Cilicia Massacres....................................................................................129
Tatev Arshakian
Story of Armenian Genocide Eyewitness Berberian Family................................................... 147
Edita Gzoyan
Saving Armenian Orphans: Memoirs of Arakel Chakirian ................................................... 161

About Authors................................................................................................................178


90- XIX ................................................................................. 7

1894 ......................... 43


................................................................................................. 56

1918-1922 .............................65

: ...................................................... 84

....................................... 100

: ?

...................................................................................................... 118


..........................................................................................129

.............................................. 147

: ................................. 161

...................................................................................................................178
 History 7

History

XIX
90-.

.
1890- .

, 1878 . 13-
61-

,
1
`
,

, 2

1
61-
(1828-1923),
, ., 1972, 128:
2
1878-1894 .

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, 2015, 35,36)
8 4 (2), 2016

1890- .

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 History 9

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, , , 1963, 335)
6
.., , , .
, 1972, 33
7
, , , . , 1915,
203:
(1828-1923)..., 131: ` The
redistribution should be effected in such a way as to divide the populations into ethnographical groups as
homogeneous a character as possible in the different administrative divisions of each province (Turkey.
No 1 (1896), Correspondence Respecting the Introduction of Reforms in the Armenian Provinces of Asiatic
Turkey, London, 1896, p. 41)
8
1866 .
,
9
, . ., 203:
10 4 (2), 2016

, ,


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, 216, 217
13
, 217
14
., .,
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1915, 26
 History 11

16
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` 1895 .

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,
18

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19
,
,
(, ` 113,964, ` 59,38220,
, ` 99,560, ` 56,25221, ,
` 75,760, ` 30,47122)
1895. 17 ,

,

23

16

17
.,
(XIX 30-. 1914.), , ., 1999, 279
18

19
Turkey. No 1 (1896)..., 78
20
Karpat K., Ottoman population 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics, Wisconsin,
The University of Wisconsin Press, 1985, 146:
21
, 130:
22

23
Turkey. No 1 (1896)..., 89
12 4 (2), 2016

`

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 History 13

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, 124
29
Fuat Dndar, Crime of Numbers: The Role of Statistics in the Armenian Question (18781918),
New Brunswick (USA) and London (UK), Transaction Publishers, 2010, 38 Turkey. No 1
(1896)..., 140, 141
30
Turkey. No 1 (1896)..., 141
31
, 142
14 4 (2), 2016

,

, 1895 .
30



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32
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33
..., 229, 230
34
Turkey. No 1 (1896)..., 158
 History 15

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1895 . 20 Turkey. No 1 (1896)..., 161-170.
` , . ., 281-294
36
Fuat Dndar, . ., 39
37

38
., . ., 321
39
Fuat Dndar, . ., 39
16 4 (2), 2016

40
1895 .
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):
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1890- 545,159 ,

40
Los Angeles
Herald, Volume 45, Number 24, 4 November 1895 ( http://cdnc.ucr.edu
)
41
Fuat Dndar, . ., 39
42

43

44
Turkey No. 8 (1896). Further Correspondence Relating to the Asiatic Provinces of Turkey, in
Continuation of Turkey No. 2, Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty. August
1896. London, Harrison and Sons, 1896, 49
 History 17

` 113,488 21%, 1895-` 669,717 ,

` 123,935 (18,5%)45:
1890 1895 .
` 1890 . ` 418,494
(` 32%), 1890 . ` 270,988 (
` 57 %), 1895. ` 308,392 (` 32%)
, ,

, 1890 266,988 41%
, 1890 287,876 42%
, 1895 479,587 24%

, 1890 312,444 23%
, 1890 392,168 22,5%
, 1895 462,005 18%

, 1890 381,352 21,2%
, 1890 293,508 30%
, 1895 586,303 15%


, 1890 892,201 17,5%
, 1895 971,981 17%

, ` 5


` 1890 . ,
,

45
Turkey No. 8 (1896).... 98
18 4 (2), 2016

1896 . 26- .
.
,

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49,
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46
, 65
47
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48
(
, 199, 200)
49
Turkey No. 1 (1898). Further Correspondence respecting the Asiatic Provinces of Turkey, London,
1898, 207
 History 19

50


`



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,

,

51
41 ,
` 82-, 1897 .
52
87 (),
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,
53
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45 , 18
2-3 55
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,
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51
Fuat Dndar, . ., 40
52
Turkey No. 1 (1898)..., 209
53

54

55
, 209, 210
56

20 4 (2), 2016

`

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, 57
800 20-,
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14%, 3%
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61



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20-,
 History 21

.
1890 .

,
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,


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.

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.


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,






,
,

,

1893-1897 .

22 4 (2), 2016

1.

(1893-1897.) 62 63 64 65 66
1893.62 1894.63 1895.64 1896.65 1897.66
59,412 212,552 97,341 173,773 76,956
445,548 559,508 509,948 509,980 513,446
167,054 366,066 237,392 365,921 224,772
300,188 423,842 477,416 477,416 380,092
766,558 793,000 790,348 810,916 807,651
289,591 327,173 320,211 362,934 329,843
2,028,351 2,682,141 2,432,656 2,700,940 2,332,760

, (2,028,351)
(2,700,940) 672,589 33% ,
,
, , (
2):
2.

(1893-1897.) 67 68 69 70 71
1893.62 1894.63 1895.64 1896.65 1897.66
60,448 60,448 64,629 61,933 55,051
101,138 101,138 110,319 110,319 109,818
101,358 101,358 103,715 88,722 101,586
73,178 73,178 79,420 79,420 74,204
116,545 116,266 120,222 120,379 123,204
289,591 327,173 320,211 362,934 329,843
499,490 499,211 524,273 505,666 510,065

62
1881/82-93. ( Karpat K., . ., 148, 149):
63
( ,
155):
64
, 156:
65
, 158:
66
, 160:
67
1881/82-93. ( Karpat K., . ., 148, 149):
68
( ,
155):
69
, 156:
70
, 158:
71
, 160:
 History 23

,
,
. ` ` `
100,000, ` , ` 200,000,
` ` 100,000,
` ` 150,00072
,
73
,
.
,

1893-1897 .
, ,

1881-1893 .
74 ,

.
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,



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1895 .
.
,
(Commission of Control)`
( 3):

72
, 150
73
, 1895 .
, 55,000 , `
( )
74
, XX `

24 4 (2), 2016

3. 75 76
1895.

75
(Commission of Control) 76 (%)
1 509,948 545,782 7
2
97,341 282,582 190
3 237,392 352,713 48,5
4 477,416 494,881 3
5 320,211 378,253 18
1,642,308 2,054,211 25 %

, 1894-96 .



,
,
77:

. 1890- .


1890- .
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75
Karpat K., .., 156:
76

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( , . 430, . 1, .145,. 20, ..,
, - , 1999, 1, 136): Turkey No. 8 (1896)...,
98
77
,
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( ., . ., 64-70)
 History 25

,
` 1895 . 11 ( 37
) , `

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,
,


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43,3%- ,
( 4):

4.
. 79 80
.
, 1895 .79 (%)
1895.80
1 60,448 112,536 86,1
2
101,358 152,398 50,3
3 109,808 134,902 22,8
4 60,597 73,825 21,8
5 80,276 156,356 94,7
6 120,052 133,367 11
532,539 763,384 43,3


, ,

78

( CAB 37/38/26, Report on the Population of Asia Minor
and the Turkish Provinces to the eastward, compiled by Colonel William Everett, C.M.G., Assistant
Adjutant-General, Intelligence Division, War Office, formerly Her Majesty's Consul for Kurdistan, May
11, 1895):
79
Karpat K., . ., 148, 149 (

, `
,
):
80
Report on the Population of Asia Minor and the Turkish Provinces..., 35:
26 4 (2), 2016

, , ,

,
` ( 5)

5.
. 81 82
.
, 1895 .81 (%)
1895.82
1
207,028 131,275 -36,6
2 352,713 133,986 -62,1
3 545,782 505,185 -7,4
4 378,253 333,456 -11,6
5 494,881 504,946 2,0
6 801,630 731,610 -8,7
2,780,287 2,340,458 -15,9


( 6)
` (
) ,
28,4%- (
` 20%):

81
Karpat K., . ., 148, 149 (

, `
,
):
82
Report on the Population of Asia Minor and the Turkish Provinces..., 35:
 History 27

6.

. 83 84
.
, 1895 .83
1895 .84



207,028 101,264 131,275 183,873
1
(68%) (32%) (41,2%) (58,3%)
352,713 126,874 133,986 152,398
2
(76%) (24%) (46,8%) (53,2%)
545,782 123,935 505,185 138,902
3
(81,5%) (18,5%) (78,4%) (21,6%)
378,253 83,752 333,456 115,888
4
(82%) (18%) (74,2%) (25.8%)
494,881 91,422 504,946 157,006
5
(85%) (15%) (76,3%) (23,7%)
801,630 170,351 731,610 178,970
6
(83%) (17%) (80,4%) (19,6%)
2,780,287 697,598 2,340,458 927,037

(80%) (20%) (71,6%) (28,4%)

. 1890- .


1890- .
. 85
,
1895 . 4 12- . ,
,
,
,
86

83
Turkey No. 8 (1896)..., 98
84
Report on the Population of Asia Minor and the Turkish Provin
ces..., 35:
85
- (1824-1896) ,
1895 -1896 .:
86
. ` 1895 . 13 14-
( Turkey. 1 (1896). Correspondence respecting the introduction
of Reforms in the Armenian Provinces of Asiatic Turkey, London: Harrison and Sons, 1896, 83, 87)
28 4 (2), 2016

`
,
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87
, 16
88

89
1880-1882 .

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121-140)
90
, 93, 94
91
.,
XIX , , ,
1968
 History 29

92
.

(realpolitik) .
,
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93
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94
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93
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94
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96
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30 4 (2), 2016

,
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847,041 14%-99
, 1895-1897 .

,

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97
, 318
98
, 315
99
, 317
 History 31

, , ,
` 100
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,

101



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102
, 1890-
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( 13,500) 26,000103:

(13,500 ): . ,
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20-25 104:
, `
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100
. , i i, II, ,
i, 1897, 21-48
101
Cuinet V., La Turquie d Asie: Gographie administrative Statistique descriptive et raisonne de
chaque province de lAsie-mineure, tome 1-4, Paris, Ernest Leroux, 1890-1894
102
Cuinet V., . ., . 1, IV-V
103
.., . - , , . .
. . , 1901, 89, 90:
104
, 100, 101:
32 4 (2), 2016

, ,
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105
,
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` 1880 . `
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,
106 9
(6 , )
` 75,750, ` 913,900,

107
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108
1890- .

.
, 1897 . 29 .
.
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109
, ,
,
,

105
..., 3
106
, 15 (` -
)
107
, 16
108
. .,
, ,
XII, , ,1985, 59-79:
( Sarkis Y. Karayan, Vital Cuinets La
Turquie dAsie: A Critical Evaluation of Cuinets Information about Armenians, Journal of the Society for
Armenian Studies, Volume 11, 2000, 53-63)
109
, . 818, .1, . 565,. 76-101
 History 33

` , , , ,

110 ,
, 1890-
. 3,020,108 ` 22,307,108
13,5 : , ,
1,400,000 ` , 40%
( 7)
7.
1897. 29- 111 112 113
1 1,838,000
2 2,946,000
3 25,000
4 130,000
5 955,000
6 1,400,000
7 80,000
8 60,000
9 556,000
10 100,000
11 197,000
12 112 50,000
13 113 100,000
14 3,020,108
15 20,000
16 1,740,000
17 1,732,000
18 485,000
19 2,540,000
20 183,000
21 1,030,000
22 50,000
23 399,500
24 110,000
25 2,560,500
22,307,108

`

110
,
,

111

112

113
( )
XIX

 8. 1897.
34

29- 114






- 80,000 - 100,000 30,000 - 25,000 1,000 140,000 5,000 39,000 420,000


- 165,000 10,000 3,000 20,625 50,000 50,000 45,000 100,000 443,625


10,000 150,000 - - 55,702 75,000 75,000 10,000 190,000 70,000 635,702


10,000 85,000 50,000 20,000 66,962 15,000 50,000 10,000 40,000 1,500 3,000 70,000 421,462


1,000 70,000 - - 54,314 50,000 200,000 10,000 100,000 90,000 575,314

4 (2), 2016

100,000 175,000 - - 131,015 300,000 280,000 50,000 50,000 1,086,015


121,000 725,000 60,000 123,000 358,618 490,000 680,000 81,000 515,000 6,500 3,000 419,000 3,582,118

114

,
` , , , , ( 8)

, ,
 History 35

. , , 700,000
(20%), ` 1, 131,500 (30,1%)

9.
1897.
29-

1 185,000 (43,0%) 245,000 (56,9%) 430,000
2 200,000 (44,6%) 248,625 (55,4%) 448,625
3 200,000 (30,9%) 445,702 (69,0%) 645,702
4 196,500 (34,3%) 374,962 (65,6%) 571,462
5 100,000 (17,4%) 475,314 (82,6%) 575,314
6 250,000 (23,0%) 836,015 (76,9%) 1,086,015
1,131,500 (30,1%) 2,625,618 (69,9%) 3,757,118

, .
. , ,
,

.
,
,

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,
, 115
,
, ,

115

36 4 (2), 2016

.
1890- .

1890- .
,
`
`
116
`
117

`
,


1897 .
.
, 1893-1897 .
( `
),
118

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119
, , ,
,
,
(
) ,
665,635 , ` ` 79,998, ` 131,390,
` 134,967, ` 79,129, `

116
. ., (18701890- .), -
, 1994, 1-2, 140:
117

118
France. Ministre des affaires trangres. Affaires armniennes: projets de rformes dans lEmpire
ottoman: 1893-1897, Paris, Imprimerie nationale, 1897
119
, 1-8
 History 37

69,718, ` 170,433120 ,
,

,
,
` 100,000 20%-

, ,
,
, `
,
, ( )
14,856,118 , ` 11,801,485, ` 2,760,864,
` 1,475,011, 123,947, ` 170,822121 ,
`
50%- ,
1,000,000 122

.
1890- . , ,

, 1890- .


(. ) `
(.
, ,
)

, `
, `
,

,
`

120
France. Ministre des affaires trangres. Affaires armniennes: projets de rformes dans lEmpire
ottoman: 1893-1897, 5-7
121
, 8
122
,
,

38 4 (2), 2016

`



1890- .
,
( 11-13)
, ,

` ` 35%, 28% 18%
,

` ` 16%, 6% 4% ,

,

( 13):
,
1890- .
,




,
`
1880 . 7-

, , ,


,


123
, 1890 . ,

123
1880 . 7-
Turkey No. 1 (1896)..., 2-9: , . ., 173-187
 History 39

11.
, , (. )
124 125 126 127
/
(1897)124 (1895)125 (1897)126 . (1897)127
1 61,933 112,536 80,000 79,998
2 111,102 152,398 165,000 131,390
3 120,431 134,902 150,000 134,967
4 57,662 73,825 85,000 79,129
5 89,158 156,356 70,000 69,718
6 125,981 133,367 175,000 170,433
566,267 763,384 725,000 665,635

12.
, ,
128 129 130 131
/
(1895)128 (1895)129 (1897)130 . (1897)131
1 207,028 131,275 245,000 241,000
2 352,713 134,886 248,625 254,000
3 545,782 505,185 445,702 500,782
4 378,253 334,266 374,962 328,644
5 494,881 504,946 475,314 505,446
6 801,630 731,610 836,015 839,514
2,780,287 2,342,168 2,625,618 2,669,386

124
, ( Karpat K., . ., 196)
125
Report on the Population of Asia Minor and the Turkish Provinces..., 35:
126
, . 818, .1, . 565,. 81-101
127
France. Ministre des affaires trangres. Affaires armniennes: projets de rformes dans l'Empire
ottoman: 1893-1897..., 5-7
128
Turkey No. 8 (1896)..., 100
129
Report on the Population of Asia Minor and the Turkish Provinces..., 35:
130
, . 818, .1, . 565,. 81-101
131
France. Ministre des affaires trangres. Affaires armniennes: projets de rformes dans lEmpire
ottoman: 1893-1897..., 5-7
 13.
40

, ,
(1895 .) (1895 .) (1897 .) /. (1897 .)


1 207,028 101,264 131,275 183,873 245,000 185,000 241,000 189,000

(68%) (32%) (41%) (58,3%) (56,9%) (43,0%) (56%) (44%)
2 352,713 126,874 133,986 152,398 248,625 200,000 254,000 144,625

(76%) (24%) (47%) (53,2%) (55,4%) (44,6%) (64%) (36%)
3 545,782 123,935 505,185 138,902 445,702 200,000 500,782 144,920

(81,5%) (18,5%) (78%) (21,6%) (69,0%) (30,9%) (78%) (22%)
4 378,253 83,752 333,456 115,888 374,962 196,500 328,644 142,818

(82%) (18%) (74%) (25.8%) (65,6%) (34,3%) (70%) (30%)
5 494,881 91,422 504,946 157,006 475,314 100,000 505,446 70,368

(85%) (15%) (76%) (23,7%) (82,6%) (17,4%) (88%) (12%)
6 801,630 170,351 731,610 178,970 836,015 250,000 839,514 246,501
(83%) (17%) (80%) (19,6%) (76,9%) (23,0%) (77%) (23%)
4 (2), 2016

2,780,287 697,598 2,340,458 927,037 2,625,618 1,131,500 2,669,386 938,232

(80%) (20%) (72%) (28%) (70%) (30%) (74%) (26%)
 History 41

XIX 90-.



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1890- .

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The Questions of Number of Western Armenians and the Ethnic

Composition of the Population of Western Armenia During the
Period of the Aggravation of the Armenian Question in the mid-90s
of the XIX century
Robert Tatoyan
Summary
The article examines the treatment by the Ottoman authorities and by the diplomacy of
Great Britain, Russia and France of the questions of number of Western Armenians and
the ethnic composition of the population of the six vilayets of Western Armenia during
the period of aggravation of the Armenian question and the Middle East crisis in the
mid-1990s.
The key statistical data on the number of Western Armenians and the ethnic
composition of the population of Western Armenia, compiled in the mid-1890s by the
above-mentioned actors in the context of the negotiations over the Armenian question,
are presented and analyzed.
Keywords: Armenian question, ottoman statistics, the number of Western Armenians,
six vilayets.
42 4 (2), 2016

90- XIX


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90- XIX
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1890-
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